W1-2-60-1-6

JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND

TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2017/2018
YEAR 1 SEMESTER 1 EXAMINATIONS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE/INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY/ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY/BIOTECHNOLOGY/CONTROL AND
INSTRUMENTATION/GEOPHYSICS/RENEWABLE ENERGY
SCH 2102: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I
DATE: JANUARY 2018 TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS

QUESTION ONE (30 MARKS)

a) Distinguish between the following

i) pH and pOH (2 marks)

ii) Bronsted base and Lewis base (2 marks)
iii) Molarity and molarity (2 marks)

b) Consider the dissociation of benzoic acid

and the reaction of its conjugate base and water. Show that
pKa+pKb=pH+pOH=14 (5 marks)

c) Consider the reaction

SO2+O2 ⇌ 2SO3
2

i) Provide the expression of Ka and Kp (2 marks)

ii) Work out the relationship between Kp and Ka (3 marks)

d) Calculate the pressure of 2.56x1024 molecules of carbon dioxide in 650

cm3 vessel at 600C assuming that the gas behaves as

i) a real gas (3 marks)

ii) an ideal gas (2 marks)

Given: R=0.08205, NA=6.023x1023

Van der Waal’s constant: a=3.59 b=0.0427

e) A mixture of gas consisting of 14 grams of carbon dioxide, 21 grams of

nitrogen, 28 grams of oxygen and 20 grams of argon are contained in a
750ml vessel at 400C. Calculate

i) the moles of each gas (2 marks)

ii) the mole fraction of each gas (2 marks)
iii) the partial pressure of each gas (2 marks)
iv) the total pressure of each gas (2 marks)
v) the number of molecules of each gas (2 marks)

Given: RAM: C=12, 0=16, N=14, Ar=39.9

QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS)

Provide the expression of solubility product of each of the following;

i) Calcium phosphate (3 marks)

ii) Barium sulphate (3 marks)

in terms of

i) Ionic and molecular species

ii) Molar solubility

b) The solubility of a compound (MX2), sparingly soluble in water, has

solubility of 2.52x10-3 milligrams/250ml of water at 25oC. Calculate the
solubility product of this compound. Given

RAM: M=108, x=35.5 (5 marks)

c) The pH of a week base MOH of concentration of 10-6M is 5. Calculate

i) the hydroxyl ion concentration (1 mark)

ii) the dissociation constant (2 marks)
iii) the degree of dissociation of the base (2 marks)

e) A solution, was prepared by adding 2.5x102 milligrams of propanoic

acid (CH3CH2COOH) and 0.25 grams of sodium propanote
(CH3CH2COONa) in 500ml of distilled water. Calculate the p H of the
resulting solution.

Given RAM: H=1, C=12, O=16, Na=23 Ka=1.85x10-4 (4 marks)

QUESTION THREE

a) For a buffer solution made of potassium ethanoate (CH 3COOK) and

ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) show that its pH is given by

(CH 3 COOH ) (acid )

pH=pKa+log (CH 3 COO) =pKa +log ( salt ) (5 marks)

bi) State Hess’s law of heat summation (1 mark)

ii) Explain the following

a) Heat of formation of CH3CH3 (2 marks)

b) Standard heat of combustion (2 marks)

iii) Calculate the enthalpy of formation of ethane (C 2H6) given that the
standard heats of combustion of ethane (C2H4), hydrogen (H2) and ethane
(C2H6) are -1409.50KJ, -285.85KJ and -1,559,790 Joules respectively
(5 marks)

c) Consider the reaction

N2(g)+3H2(g) ⇌2NH3(g)

which uses iron catalyst.

i) Provide the expression of Ka, Kp and provide the relationship

between Ka and Kp (3 marks)

ii) Given that Kp=1.44x10-5 for the above reaction at 5000C.

Calculate the corresponding Kc assuming that these gases
behave ideally (2 marks)

QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS)

a) Consider the reaction

CO(g)+Br2(g)⇌COBr2(g)

Which is exothermic in the forward reaction. Explain how the following

changes will affect the position of equilibrium.

i) Increasing pressure (2 marks)

ii) Increasing temperature (2 marks)
iii) Decreasing concentration of Br2 (2 marks)

b) 1 mole of CH3COOH, 1 mole of CH3CH2OH 3 moles of CH3COOCH2CH3

and 3 moles of water were heated in a closed vessel until equilibrium
was attained according to the equation

CH3COOH +CH3CH2OH ⇌ CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O

i) In which direction will the reaction proceed until equilibrium is reached.

Given reason for your answer (2 marks)
ii) Given that Kc=4 for the above reaction calculate the concencentration of
the acid, alcohol, ester and water in the equilibrium mixture (4 marks)

ci) Draw a labeled diagram of a Daniel cell (2 marks)

ii) Provide balanced equation for half cell reactions and overall reactions for
this cell (3 marks)

d) Calculate the electromotive force (emf) of a cell (Ecell)

Mg(s)/Mg2+aq(0.01m)//Cd 2+aq (0.001m|)/Cd(s)

at 250C

Given: standard reduction electrode potential: Mg2+/Mg=-2.37v

Cd2+/Cd=- 0.34V

Given: R=8.314JK-1mole-1
F=96500