L&T – CHIYODA LIMITED

FLANGES, GASKETS AND

FASTENERS

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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FLANGES
Flanges
Fl n s are pipin
piping components
mp n nts used
us d for
f connecting
nn tin
pipes which needs dismantling & periodic maintenance,
other piping components like valves, specialties,
instrument items like orifice, flow meters etc on to
the pipes.

A flanged joint is composed of three separate &

independent
p although
g interrelated components;
p the
flanges, the gaskets & the fasteners.

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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STANDARDS

ASME 16.5 - STEEL PIPE FLANGES AND

FLANGED FITTINGS
ASME 16.47
16 47 - LARGE DIAMETER STEEL FLANGES
ASME 16.1 - CAST IRON PIPE FLANGES AND
FLANGED FITTINGS
API 6A - SPECIFICATION FOR VALVES &
WELLHEAD EQUIPMENT
API 605 - LARGE DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
FLANGES
PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.
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STANDARDS contd..

• MSS-SP-44 - STEEL PIPELINE FLANGES

• BS 1560 : STEEL PIPE FLANGES

• IS 6392 : STEEL PIPE FLANGES

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FLANGE MATERIAL
¾ ASTM A105 (CS)

¾ ASTM A350 (LTCS)

¾ ASTM A182 (AS / SS)

¾ ASTM A181 (CS)

( )

¾ ASTM A694 (CS)

¾ ASTM B62 (BRONZE)

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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FLANGE TYPES
¾Welding neck flange
¾Slip-on
¾Slip on flange
¾Socket welded flange
¾L joint
¾Lap j i flange
fl
¾Screwed flange
¾Blind flange
¾Reducing flange
¾Integral flange
PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.
 L&T – CHIYODA LIMITED

W ldi neck
Welding k flange
fl
The welding neck flanges are attached to pipe by
butt welding.These are mainly used for critical services.
While specifying these flanges the thickness of the
Welding end is to be specified.
specified

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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Socket weld flange

The socket welded flanges are welded only on one side.
These are used for small bore lines only.
only

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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Slip-on flange

The slip-on flanges are attached by welding, inside as

well as outside.

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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Lap
p jo
joint flange
g
The lap joint flange are used with stub ends when
piping is of costly material
material. The stub ends will be butt
welded to the piping & the flanges are kept loose over
the same. The inside edge of these flanges are
chamfered to clear the stub end radius.

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

 L&T – CHIYODA LIMITED

Screwed flange
The screwed flanges are used on pipelines where
welding
ldi cannott b
be carried
i d out.
t

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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Blind flange
The blind flanges are used to close the ends which
need to be reopened later.

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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Reducing flange
The reducing flanges are used to connect between
larger And smaller sizes without using a reducer.
reducer

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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Integral flange
This type covers designs in which the flange is cast or
forged integrally with the nozzle neck or vessel or pipe
wall, Welded in such a way that the flange & nozzle neck
or vessel or pipe wall is considered to be the equivalent
of an integral structure.

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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FLANGE CLASSIFICATION

¾ BASED ON PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE RATING

¾ BASED ON FLANGE FACING

¾ BASED ON FACE FINISH

¾ BASED ON MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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BASED ON RATING
• 125 # (CI)
( )
• 150 #
• 250 # (CI)
• 300 #
• 400 #
• 600 #
• 900 #
• 1500 #
• 2500 #
• 5000 #
• 10000 #
PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.
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BASED ON FLANGE FACE

• RAISED FACE (RF)

• RING TYPE JOINT (RTJ)
( )
• FLAT FACE (FF)
• TONGUE & GROOVE (T/G)
( )
• MALE & FEMALE (M/F)

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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BASED ON FACE FINISH

• SARGOL AND SARLUN FACING

• EXTRA SMOOTH FINISH ((32-63μμ AARH))
• SMOOTH FINISH (125-250μ AARH)
• μ AARH))
SERRATED FINISH ((250-500μ
• STOCK FINISH (500-1000μ AARH)

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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GASKETS
Gaskets are relativelyy softer material which
are inserted between flanges to avoid
leakage. Tightening the bolts causes the
gasket
k material
i l to flow
fl into
i the
h minor
i
machining imperfections, resulting in a fluid
tight seal.
seal
Gaskets are made of materials which are not
chemically affected by the fluid in the pipe
and which are resistant to deterioration by
temperature.
temperature
PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.
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GASKETS
Gaskets are

• Resilient material
• Inserted between flanges
• Compressed by bolts to create seal

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

 L&T – CHIYODA LIMITED

STANDARDS
• ASME B16.20 : METALLIC GASKETS FOR
PIPE FLANGES
• ASME B16.21 : NON-METALLIC GASKETS
FOR PIPE FLANGES

• API 60
601 : METALLIC
CGGASKET
S FOR
O REFINERY
PIPING
• BS 3381 : METALLIC SPIRAL WOUND GASKETS

• IS 2712 : COMPRESSED ASBESTOS FIBRE

JOINTING
PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.
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GASKET TYPES
• FULL FACE
• INSIDE BOLT CIRCLE
• SPIRAL WOUND METALLIC
• RING TYPE
• METAL JACKETED

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

 L&T – CHIYODA LIMITED
GASKETS contd..
Gaskets must :

a) Maintain integrity during handling and

installation.
b) Be sufficiently
s fficientl deformable to flo
flow into
imperfections on the seating surfaces to
create an initial seal.
c) Have sufficient strength to resist crushing
under the applied load and defy rupture
under pressure.
pressure
d) Chemically resist fluid under all
temperatures
p and p
pressures.
PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.
 L&T – CHIYODA LIMITED
GASKETS contd..
e) Be strong enough to maintain the seal,
tough enough to withstand creep
relaxation, and resilient enough to provide
recovery during normal operation
including thermal cycling and vibration.
f) Never promote corrosion of the seating
surface.
surface
g) Be impermeable to the fluid being
handled.
h) Be
B sufficiently
ffi i tl resistant
i t t tto radiation,
di ti if
present, to perform its function.

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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SELECTION OF GASKETS

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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SELECTION OF GASKETS contd..

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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SELECTION OF GASKETS contd..

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

 L&T – CHIYODA LIMITED

THREADED FASTENERS
• Threaded fasteners are the means by which the
flanged joints are connected together.They are
mainly divided into 2 types.
types Viz
1.Stud bolts & nuts
2 Machine bolts & nuts
2.Machine
• For low pressure, low temperature service,
machined bolts are used and studs are used
otherwise. Low strength carbon steel bolts shall
not be used above 200o or below –29o.

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

 L&T – CHIYODA LIMITED

TYPES
• STUD BOLTS AND NUTS

• MACHINE BOLTS AND NUTS

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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MATERIALS
• ASTM A193 –AS bolting material for high temp.service
• ASTM A194 –AS
AS nut material for high temp
temp.service
service
• ASTM A307 – Low carbon steel bolting material
• ASTM A320 – Alloy steel bolting material
• ASTM A563 – Carbon and alloyy steel nuts
• IS 1367 - Threaded steel fasteners

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

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STANDARD
• ASME B18.2.1- SQUARE & HEXAGONAL HEAD BOLTS

• ASME B18.2.2
B18.2.2- SQUARE & HEXAGONAL HEAD NUTS

• BS 916 - BLACK BOLTS & NUTS

• IS 1367 - THREADED STEEL FASTENERS

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.

THANK YOU
OU