Polysorbate 80

Polysorbate 80 is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier often used in foods

and cosmetics. This synthetic compound is a viscous, water-soluble yellow Polysorbate 80 [1]
liquid.

Contents
Names
Chemistry
IUPAC name
Other names
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan
Uses
monooleate
Food use
Health and beauty use Other names
Medical use Montanox 80
Laboratory use Alkest TW 80
Consumption and potential effects Tween 80
Crohn's disease PS 80
Lowered body weight of offspring
Identifiers
Decreased fertility
Impact on mouse gut microbiota CAS Number 9005-65-6
See also ChEMBL ChEMBL1697847
References
ChemSpider none
ECHA InfoCard 100.105.529

Chemistry E number E433 (thickeners, ...)

RTECS number WG2932500
Polysorbate 80 is derived from polyethoxylated sorbitan and oleic acid. The
hydrophilic groups in this compound are polyethers also known as UNII 6OZP39ZG8H
polyoxyethylene groups, which are polymers of ethylene oxide. In the Properties
nomenclature of polysorbates, the numeric designation following
Chemical C64H124O26
polysorbate refers to the lipophilic group, in this case the oleic acid (see formula
polysorbate for more detail).
Molar mass 1310 g/mol
The full chemical names for polysorbate 80 are: Appearance Amber colored viscous
liquid
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate
(x)-sorbitan mono-9-octadecenoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) Density 1.06–1.09 g/mL, oily
liquid
The critical micelle concentrationof polysorbate 80 in pure water is reported
as 0.012 mM.[2] Boiling point > 100°C
Solubility in Very soluble
water
Other names
Solubility in soluble in ethanol,
E number: E433 other solvents cottonseed oil, corn oil,
ethyl acetate, methanol,
Brand names:
toluene
Alkest TW 80 Viscosity 300–500 centistokes
Scattics
 Canarcel (@25°C)
Poegasorb 80
Hazards
Montanox 80 – Montanox is a registered trademark of Seppic,
France Main hazards Irritant
Tween 80 – Tween is a registered trademark of Croda Americas, NFPA 704
Inc.[3] 1
1 0
Uses
Flash point 113 °C (235 °F; 386 K)

Food use Except where otherwise noted, data are

given for materials in their standard state
Polysorbate 80 is used as an emulsifier in foods. (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
verify (what is ?)
For example, in ice cream, polysorbate is added up to 0.5% (v/v)
concentration to make the ice cream smoother and easier to handle, as well Infobox references
as increasing its resistance to melting.[4] Adding this substance preventsmilk
proteins from completely coating the fat droplets. This allows them to join together in chains and nets, which hold air in the mixture,
and provide a firmer texture that holds its shape as the ice cream melts.

Health and beauty use

Polysorbate 80 is also used as a surfactant in soaps and cosmetics (including eyedrops), or a solubilizer such as in a mouthwash. The
[5]
cosmetic grade of polysorbate 80 may have more impurities than the food grade.

Medical use
Polysorbate 80 is an excipient that is used to stabilize aqueous formulations of medications for parenteral administration, and used as
an emulsifier in the manufacture of the popular antiarrhythmic amiodarone.[6] It is also used as an excipient in some European and
Canadian influenza vaccines.[7] Influenza vaccines contain 25 μg of polysorbate 80 per dose.[7] It is also used in the culture of
[8]
Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Middlebrook 7H9 broth. It is also used as an emulsifier in the estrogen-regulating drug Estrasorb.

Laboratory use
Some mycobacteria contain a type of lipase (enzyme that breaks up lipid molecules); when these species are added to a mixture of
polysorbate 80 and phenol red, they cause the solution to change color, so this is used as a test to identify the phenotype of a strain or
isolate.

Consumption and potential effects

In Europe and America, people eat about 100 mg of polysorbate 80 in foods per day on average.[9] Polysorbate 80 has not been found
to be carcinogenic. Rats fed with diets containing up to 5% polysorbate 80 by volume for 12 weeks showed no toxic effects.[10] A
1997 study on two rats looked at the effect of consuming three doses by body weight of 0.5%/day on the sex organs of female rats
and saw no abnormal changes in uterine weight.[11] In general, polysorbate 80 is safe and well tolerated, notwithstanding the items
listed below.

Crohn's disease
[12] and it may be harmful to people withCrohn's disease.[13][14]
A small number of people may be sensitive to polysorbate 80,

Lowered body weight of offspring

A 2008 animal study concluded no observable adverse effects were seen at doses per body weight up to 1.85 ml/kg·day, which is
equivalent to a 70 kg person consuming about 140 g of this substance per day for 21 days. However, administration of
16.783 ml/kg·day to pregnant rats lowered body weight in male and female offspring.[9] This is equivalent to a person consuming
about 1.3 kg of polysorbate 80 per day for 21 days.

Decreased fertility
A 1956 study saw no effect on reproduction in rats during their lifetime at up to 5% of their diet being polysorbate 80. Reproduction
decreased at 20% of their diet.[15] A 1993 study raised concerns that polysorbate 80 might decrease fertility in rats.
[16]

Impact on mouse gut microbiota

Relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and Polysorbate-80, induced low-
grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in wild-type hosts and promoted robust colitis in mice predisposed to this
disorder. Use of germ-free mice and fecal transplants indicated that such changes in microbiota were necessary and sufficient for both
low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome.[14]

See also
Polysorbate 20, used as a wetting agent in mouth drops
Polysorbate 40
Polysorbate 60, used as an emulsifier in powdered drink preparations such as hot cocoa mix
Polysorbate 65

References
1. Merck Index, 13th Edition, 7664.
2. Chou DK, Krishnamurthy R, Randolph TW , Carpenter JF, Manning MC (June 2005). "Effects of Tween 20 and Tween
80 on the stability of Albutropin during agitation".J Pharm Sci. 94 (6): 1368–81. doi:10.1002/jps.20365 (https://doi.or
g/10.1002%2Fjps.20365). PMID 15858848 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15858848).
3. US PTO TESS Registry Number 2885675(http://tarr.uspto.gov/servlet/tarr?regser=registration&entry=2885675)
4. Goff, H. Douglas (1997). "Colloidal aspects of ice cream—A review".International Dairy Journal. 7 (6–7): 363–373.
doi:10.1016/S0958-6946(97)00040-X(https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0958-6946%2897%2900040-X) . ISSN 0958-
6946 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0958-6946).
5. "What is Polysorbate 80?"(http://blog.honest.com/polysorbate-80/). The Honest Company Blog. The Honest
Company. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
6. Gautier & Bellamy. "Pharmaceutical amiodarone composition for parenteral delivery"(https://web.archive.org/web/20
090620133424/http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/6143778.html). Archived from the original (http://www.patentstorm.
us/patents/6143778.html)on 2009-06-20. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
7. Pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) Influenza Vaccine Quick Reference Guide(http://www.wrha.mb.ca/professionals/influenza/
files/orientation/Orientation_4-A.pdf)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101011082256/http://www.wrha.mb.ca/
professionals/influenza/files/orientation/Orientation_4-A.pdf)2010-10-11 at the Wayback Machine. Winnipeg
Regional Health Authority2009
8. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/21371_estrasorb_lbl.pdf
9. Ema, M.; Hara, H.; Matsumoto, M.; Hirata-Koizumi, M.; Hirose, A.; Kamata, E. (2008). "Evaluation of developmental
neurotoxicity of polysorbate 80 in rats".Reproductive Toxicology. 25 (1): 89–99. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.08.003
(https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.reprotox.2007.08.003) . PMID 17961976 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/179619
76).
10. OSER BL, OSER M (November 1956)."Nutritional studies on rats on diets containing high levels of partial ester
emulsifiers. I. General plan and procedures; growth and food utilization"
(http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/abstract/6
0/3/367). J. Nutr. 60 (3): 367–90. PMID 13377228 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13377228).
11. Williams J, Odum J, Lewis RW, Brady AM (March 1997). "The oral administration of polysorbate 80 to the immature
female rat does not increase uterine weight".Toxicol. Lett. 91 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1016/S0378-4274(96)03863-5(http
s://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0378-4274%2896%2903863-5) . PMID 9096282 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/909
6282).
12. Steele RH, Limaye S, Cleland B, Chow J, Suranyi MG (2005). "Hypersensitivity reactions to the polysorbate
contained in recombinant erythropoietin and darbepoietin".Nephrology (Carlton). 10 (3): 317–20. doi:10.1111/j.1440-
1797.2005.00389.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1440-1797.2005.00389.x) . PMID 15958049 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.n
ih.gov/pubmed/15958049).
13. Roberts, Carol L; Keita, A. V.; Duncan, S. H.; O'Kennedy, N.; Soderholm, J. D.; Rhodes, J. M.; Campbell, B. J.
(2010-09-01). "Translocation of Crohn's disease Escherichia coli across M-cells: contrasting effects of soluble plant
fibres and emulsifiers" (http://gut.bmj.com/content/59/10/1331.full). Gut. 59 (10): 1331–1339.
doi:10.1136/gut.2009.195370(https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fgut.2009.195370) . PMC 2976079 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.ni
h.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2976079) . PMID 20813719 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20813719). Retrieved
2010-12-20. Lay summary (http://www.nhsinform.co.uk/behind-the-headlines/2010-08-30-does-broccoli-aid-gut-probl
ems.aspx) (2010-08-30).
14. Chassaing, Benoit; Koren, Omry; Goodrich, Julia K.; Poole, Angela C.; Srinivasan, Shanthi; Ley
, Ruth E.; Gewirtz,
Andrew T. (March 5, 2015). "Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic
syndrome" (http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v519/n7541/full/nature14232.html). Nature. 519 (7541): 92–96.
doi:10.1038/nature14232 (https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature14232). ISSN 0028-0836 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/
0028-0836). PMC 4910713 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4910713) .
15. Oser, B L; Oser, M (December 1956). "Nutritional studies on rats of diets containing high levels of partial ester
emulsifiers. II. Reproduction and lactation"(http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/abstract/60/4/489)
. The Journal of
Nutrition. 60 (4): 489–505. PMID 13385715 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13385715).
16. Gajdová M, Jakubovsky J, Války J (March 1993). "Delayed ef fects of neonatal exposure to Tween 80 on female
reproductive organs in rats".Food Chem. Toxicol. 31 (3): 183–90. doi:10.1016/0278-6915(93)90092-D(https://doi.or
g/10.1016%2F0278-6915%2893%2990092-D) . PMID 8473002 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8473002).

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