Title: Lived experiences of low income single mothers on having a child with autism

Author: Manabat, Michelle Marie F., Pabustan, Bryant M., Tolentino, Lorenz Angelo U.

Year: 2013

Abstract:

Author Arias, Ana Ma. Janina Rosario.

Title A qualitative study on the influence of single motherhood on the daughter's
early pregnancy / by Ana Ma. Janina Rosario Arias.
Publication Info. 2008.
Abstract:

Title: Understanding Single Mothers’ Parenting Stress Trajectories.

Authors: Berryhill, M. Blake & Durtschi,

Publication Year: 2017

Abstract: Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, we examined single mothers’ (n = 1,229)
parenting stress trajectories across the years when their children were ages 1, 3, and 5. Analyses were based on a
latent growth curve model incorporating time-invariant and time-varying covariates to better understand single
mothers’ parenting stress trajectories. Single mothers’ initial level and rate of change in parenting stress trajectories
were significantly predicted by the initial levels of infants’ negative emotionality. The time-varying covariates of work–
family conflict and parental engagement were significantly associated with single mothers’ parenting stress when their
children were ages 1, 3, and 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Title: Factors Determining the Employment of Single Mothers
Author: Takada, Shinobu
Year: 2011
Abstract: In recent years, the number of single-mother households has increased. The income of single-mother
households is lower than that of other households, a fact that is attributable in part to the high rate of non-full-time
employment among single mothers. This study analyzes the employment selections of single-mothers using the
Survey of Employment Support for Single Mothers conducted by the Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training
(JILPT) from December 2007 to January 2008. The following four conclusions can be drawn with regard to the
employment selections of those who were unemployed immediately prior to becoming single mothers. (1) When the
eldest child is under the age of six, older mothers and widows tend to have a lower probability of full-time employment;
(2) nonemployment income decreases the probability that the mother will have non-full-time employment, but that
effect is small; (3) the mother's employment format immediately after becoming a single mother has a historical effect
on her current employment format; and (4) having a home helper certification raises the probability of full-time
employment. Similar trends can be seen among those who had non-full-time employment immediately before
becoming single mothers. This all suggests that employment support immediately after a woman becomes a single
mother, that is, greater support to help those women obtain certifications in occupations currently in high demand, is
necessary for promoting employment among single mothers. Particularly important to the promotion of full-time
employment are expanded child-care options and efforts to make it easier for women to find full-time employment
regardless of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Title: Association of social support and socio-demographic characteristics with poor self-rated
health and depressive symptomatology among single mothers in Cyprus: a descriptive cross-
sectional study
Authors:
Rousou, Elena
Kouta, Christiana
Middleton, Nicos

Publication Year: 2016

Abstract: The number of single-parent families headed by mothers is rapidly growing worldwide. A large part of the
international literature reveals that single motherhood is associated with increased levels of chronic stress, mainly
due to economic distress and reduced levels of social support, which may eventually lead to physical and
psychological illness. Most published research comes from Northern Europe and the US, while it is accepted that
both social welfare systems and societal factors vary substantially across countries. These issues haven't been
explored in Southern Europe and this study aims to fill this gap by a) assessing the health of single mothers in Cyprus
in terms of self-assessed general health and the prevalence of clinical depressive symptoms and b) investigating the
effect of perceived social support relation to their health status. Methods General health was assessed in terms of
Self-Rated Health (SRH), while the prevalence of clinical depressive symptoms was assessed with the Center of
Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Perceived social Support was assessed with the Social
Provision Scale. All scales were completed anonymously and voluntary by 316 single mothers. Univariable and
multivariable associations between SRH and depressive symptoms with socio-demographic characteristics were
investigated using chi-square tests and in multivariable backward stepwise logistic regression models respectively.
Odd ratio of clinically significant depressive symptoms and SRH across decreasing levels of social support were
estimated in logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D score [greater than
or equai to] 22) was 38.9 %, which is almost three times greater than the general population. Strong associations with
all health assessment tools were observed with variables relating to the lowest monthly family income and the
presence of economic difficulties, unemployment, the single motherhood status and pre-existing illness. Social
support as perceived by the mothers displayed a strong negative independent association with all tools, even after
adjusting confounders. Conclusion These findings can be a challenge for health care professionals, especially those
working in the field of community-family nursing and highlight the necessity of interventions and strategies at
community level in order to support this vulnerable population group. Keywords: Single parent family, Single mothers,
Health, Depressive symptoms, Social support, Community nursing
Title: The identity development of urban minority young men in single-mother households
Author:
Vargas, Angela P.
Park-Taylor, Jennie
Harris, Abigail M.
Ponterotto, Joseph G.
Publication Year: 2016
Abstract: Fifty-one solo mother families were compared with 52 two-parent families all with a 4-9-year-
old child conceived by donor insemination. Standardized interview, observational and questionnaire
measures of maternal wellbeing, mother-child relationships and child adjustment were administered to
mothers, children and teachers. There were no differences in parenting quality between family types
apart from lower mother-child conflict in solo mother families. Neither were there differences in child
adjustment. Perceived financial difficulties, child's gender, and parenting stress were associated with
children's adjustment problems in both family types. The findings suggest that solo motherhood, in itself,
does not result in psychological problems for children.

Title: Factors Affecting Academic Achievement in Single Mothers Attending Public Two-Year
Institutions
Author: Young, Shakebra L.
Publication Date: 2012
Abstract: This quantitative, cross-sectional, correlation research study explored the relationships between self-
efficacy, social support, and academic achievement among single mothers aged 18 and older attending Mississippi
public two-year institutions. A total of 82 single mothers provided data for this study by completing the following
research questionnaires: General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Social Support Questionnaire-Short Form (SSQSR),
and a researcher designed demographic questionnaire. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients (r) and
multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data collected. The self-efficacy theory and the construct of
social support provided the theoretical framework for this study. The study results found a significant correlation
between self-efficacy, social support, and academic achievement. These results indicated that single mothers with
adequate support systems and increased self-motivation reported higher GPA scores than single mothers who
reported less supports and lower motivation levels. The study results further revealed that several demographic
characteristics (i.e., age, household income, number of children) were also found to have an influence on single
mothers' academic achievement. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of
ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by
Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-
US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Title: Growing up with a single mother and life satisfaction in adulthood: A test of mediating and
moderating factors
Author:
Richter, David
Lemola, Sakari
Publication Year: 2017
Abstract: Single parenthood is increasingly common in Western societies but only little is known about its long-term effects. We
therefore studied life satisfaction among 641 individuals (ages 18-66 years) who spent their entire childhood with a single mother,
1539 individuals who spent part of their childhood with both parents but then experienced parental separation, and 21,943
individuals who grew up with both parents. Individuals who grew up with a single mother for their entire childhood and to a lesser
degree also individuals who experienced parental separation showed a small but persistent decrease in life satisfaction into old age
controlling childhood socio-economic status. This decrease was partly mediated by worse adulthood living conditions related to
socio-economic and educational success, physical health, social integration, and romantic relationship outcomes. No moderation by
age, gender, and societal system where the childhood was spent (i.e. western oriented FRG or socialist GDR) was found.
Title: Respite care for single mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders

Author: Dyches, Tina Taylor

Christensen, Ruthann
Harper, James M.
Mandleco, Barbara
Roper, Susanne Olsen

Publication Year:2016

Abstract: Single mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders are rarely studied, yet they may
experience unique stressors. Researchers asked 122 single mothers to complete questionnaires
concerning respite care, daily hassles/uplifts, depression, and caregiver burden. More than half (59.8 %)
accessed respite care, which was provided for 1 h per day, often by multiple sources (41 %), such as
grandparents and community agencies; most were satisfied with this care. Most mothers (77 %) were at
risk for clinical depression. While uplifts were negatively correlated with depression, hassles and
caregiver burden were positively correlated with depression. Respite care was positively related to daily
uplifts, and uplifts mediated the relationship between respite care and depression. Recommendations
for researchers, policymakers, and school personnel are offered.

Title: Single mothers in their communities: The mediating role of parenting stress and depression
between social cohesion, social control and child maltreatment

Author:

Barnhart, Sheila
Maguire-Jack, Kathryn

Year Published: 2016

Abstract: Child maltreatment remains a significant problem in the United States. Single mothers are at elevated risk for maltreatment due to
financial limitations and lower levels of available supports. The current study investigates whether neighborhood social cohesion and informal
social control were associated with child maltreatment in a sample of single mothers, and further examines the direct and indirect pathways
through which these associations occur. The current study uses an analytic sample of 1,158 mothers who participated in the third and fourth wave
Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing (FFCW) study to estimate the direct associations between social cohesion, informal social control, and
child maltreatment, as well as two potential mediators, maternal depression and parenting stress. Descriptive statistics reveal that participants
were economically disadvantaged, approximately 57% possessed at least a high school diploma or GED, and the majority of participants were
African American, Non-Hispanic (64.7%), followed by Hispanic (19.9%) and White, non-Hispanic (12.8%). The structural equation models did
not show significant associations between informal social control and either physical abuse or neglect. Social cohesion, on the other hand, was
indirectly related to physical abuse and neglect. Maternal depression mediated the relationship between social cohesion and maltreatment. While
parenting stress did not explain the relationship between social cohesion and child maltreatment, parenting stress was individually associated with
both physical abuse and neglect. The findings suggest that maternal depression may be an important pathway through which social cohesion is
affects child abuse and neglect for single, non-cohabitating mothers.

•Depression and parenting stress directly predicted child maltreatment.•Social cohesion indirectly predicted child maltreatment.•Social
cohesion directly predicted maternal depression and parenting stress.•Maternal depression mediated effect of social cohesion on
maltreatment.•Informal social control was not predictive of child maltreatment.
Title: Job satisfaction and 'welfare-to-work': is any job a good job for Australian single mothers?

Author:
Cook, Kay
Noblet, Andrew

Year Published: 2012

Abstract: This exploratory study sought to assess the job satisfaction of employed Australian single
mothers who had mandatory employment participation requirements. In particular, we sought to identify
the characteristics of the job and the individual that were closely associated with participant’s job
satisfaction. Self-report data on job satisfaction, employment characteristics and parenting stress were
collected from 155 employed single mothers. Participant job satisfaction was compared to female
Australian population norms and linear regression analyses determined the job-related and individual
predictors of single mothers’ job satisfaction. Findings from this exploratory study revealed that single
mothers involved in a mandatory welfare-to-work program experienced significantly lower job
satisfaction than the Australian female population. The individual variable, parental distress, negatively
predicted each of the six job satisfaction domains while being employed on a casual basis was inversely
associated with three domains (job security, work hours and overall job satisfaction). The Australian
government purported that making the transition from welfare to work would improve wellbeing for
program participants, under the assumption that ‘any job’s a good job’. However, the relatively low levels
of job satisfaction experienced by single mothers in the current study provide little support for this
assumption.

Title: Single
mother families and employment, race, and poverty in
changing economic times.
Author: Damaske, Sarah
Bratter, Jenifer L.
Frech, Adrianne

Year Published: 2017

Abstract: Using American Community Survey data from 2001, 2005, and 2010, this paper assesses the
relationships between employment, race, and poverty for households headed by single women across different
economic periods. While poverty rates rose dramatically among single-mother families between 2001 and 2010,
surprisingly many racial disparities in poverty narrowed by the end of the decade. This was due to a greater increase
in poverty among whites, although gaps between whites and Blacks, whites and Hispanics, and whites and American
Indians remained quite large in 2010. All employment statuses were at higher risk of poverty in 2010 than 2001 and
the risk increased most sharply for those employed part-time, the unemployed, and those not in the labor force. Given
the concurrent increase in part-time employment and unemployment between 2000 and 2010, findings paint a bleak
picture of the toll the last decade has had on the well being of single-mother families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]