Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cama Lab 10mel68 PDF
Cama Lab 10mel68 PDF
1 D/F
LAB MANUAL
(2015-2016)
VI SEMESTER
NAME: __________________________________________
USN : __________________________________________
BATCH: _______________SECTION:_________________
CONTENTS
SL. PPAGE
NO Title NO.
1. Performing a Typical ANSYS Analysis 1
2. General Steps 4
5. Stepped Bar 10
6. Trusses 12
Record Marks
Manual Marks
(Max . 25)
Date
(Max. 10)
(Student)
Signature
Signature
(Faculty)
Sl.
No
Name of the Experiment
Submission of
Conduction Repetition
Record
Average
Note:
ii
QMP 7.1 D/D
SYLLABUS
COMPUTER AIDED MODELING AND ANALYSIS LAB
Sub Code: 10MEL68 IA Marks : 25
Hrs/ Week: 03 Exam Hours: 03
Total Hrs. 42 Exam Marks: 50
PART - A
Study of a FEA package and modeling stress analysis of
a. Bars of constant cross section area, tapered cross section area and stepped bar 6 Hours
b. Trusses – (Minimum 2 exercises) 3 Hours
c. Beams – Simply supported, cantilever, beams with UDL, beams with varying load etc
(Minimum 6 exercises) 12 Hours
PART - B
a) Stress analysis of a rectangular plate with a circular hole. 3 Hours
b) Thermal Analysis – 1D & 2D problem with conduction and convection boundary
conditions. (Minimum 4 exercises) 9 Hours
c) Dynamic Analysis
1) Fixed – fixed beam for natural frequency determination
2) Bar subjected to forcing function
3) Fixed – fixed beam subjected to forcing function 9 Hours
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. A first course in the Finite element method, Daryl L Logan, Thomason, Third Edition
2. Fundaments of FEM, Hutton – McGraw Hill, 2004
3. Finite Element Analysis, George R. Buchanan, Schaum Series
Scheme for Examination:
One Question from Part A - 20 Marks (05 Write up +15)
One Question from Part B - 20 Marks (05 Write up +15)
Viva-Voce - 10 Marks
COMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS AND MODELING LAB [10 MEL68]
PART-A
Problem 1.1: Bar of Constant Cross-section Area
Consider the bar shown in figure below. Young’s modulus is 2.1×105N/mm2 and Area is
500mm2. Determine the Nodal Displacement, Stress in each element, Reaction forces.
RESULT:
Analytical approach:
Calculation:
Displacement: ______________________
Stress: ____________________________
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Deformation
Stress
Reaction
Solution: The tapered bar is modified into 2 elements as shown below with modified area of
cross section.
RESULT:
Analytical approach:
Calculation:
Displacement: ______________________
Stress: ____________________________
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Deformation
Stress
Reaction
RESULT:
Analytical approach:
Calculation:
Displacement: ______________________
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Deformation
Stress
Reaction
2. TRUSSES
Problem 2.1: Consider the four bar truss shown in figure. For the given data, find Stress
in each element, Reaction forces, Nodal displacement. E = 210 GPa, A = 0.1 m2.
RESULT:
Analytical approach:
Calculation:
Displacement: ______________________
Stress: ____________________________
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Deformation
Stress
Reaction
Problem 2.2: Consider the two bar truss shown in figure. For the given data, find Stress
in each element, Reaction forces, Nodal displacement. E = 210 GPa, A = 0.1 m2.
RESULT:
Analytical approach:
Calculation:
Displacement: ______________________
Stress: ____________________________
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Deformation
Stress
Reaction
Problem 2.3: Determine the nodal deflections, reaction forces, and stress for the truss
system shown below(E = 200GPa, A = 3250mm2).
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Deformation
Stress
Reaction
3. BEAMS
Problem 3.1: Simply Supported Beam
Compute the Shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown and find
the maximum deflection. Assume rectangular c/s area of 100 mm * 100mm, Young’s
modulus of210 MPa, Poisson’s ratio 0.27.
13. Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I –
SMIS6 – Elem table item at node J – SMIS19 – ok (Shear force diagram will be
displayed).
14. Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I –
SMIS3 – Elem table item at node J – SMIS16 – ok (bending moment diagram will be
displayed).
15. Reaction forces: List Results – reaction solution – items to be listed – All items – ok
(reaction forces will be displayed with the node numbers).
NOTE: For Shear Force Diagram use the combination SMISC 6 & SMISC 19, for
Bending Moment Diagram use the combination SMISC 3 & SMISC 16.
16. Animation: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed results – DOF solution – USUM – ok.
RESULT:
Analytical approach:
Calculation:
Displacement: ______________________
Stress:_____________________
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Deflection
Shear force
Bending moment
Stress
15. Plot results – contour plot – Line Element Results – Elem table item at node I –
SMIS3 – Elem table item at node J – SMIS16 – ok (bending moment diagram will be
displayed).
16. Reaction forces: List Results – reaction solution – items to be listed – All items – ok
(reaction forces will be displayed with the node numbers).
17. Animation: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed results – DOF solution – deformed +
undeformed – ok.
RESULT:
Analytical approach:
Calculation:
Deflection:______________________
Bending moment:___________________
Stress:_____________________________
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Deflection
Shear force
Bending moment
Stress
RESULT:
Analytical approach:
Calculation:
Deflection:______________________
Stress:_____________________________
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Deflection
Shear force
Bending moment
Stress
15. Reaction forces: List Results – reaction solution – items to be listed – All items – ok
(reaction forces will be displayed with the node numbers).
16. Animation: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed results – DOF solution – deformed +
undeformed – ok.
RESULT:
Analytical approach:
Calculation:
Deflection: ______________________
Bending moment:____________________
Stress: ____________________
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Deflection
SFD
BMD
Stress
RESULT:
Analytical approach:
Calculation:
Deflection: ______________________
Stress: _____________________
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Deflection
SFD
BMD
Stress
deflection. Assume rectangular c/s area of 0.2 m * 0.3 m, Young’s modulus of 210 GPa,
Poisson’s ratio 0.27.
RESULT:
Analytical approach:
Calculation:
Deflection:______________________
Stress:_____________________________
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Deflection
Shear force
Bending moment
Stress
PART B
Stress analysis of a rectangular plate with circular hole
Problem 4.1: In the plate with a hole under plane stress, find deformed shape of the hole
and determine the maximum stress distribution along A-B (you may use t = 1 mm). E =
210GPa, t = 1 mm, Poisson’s ratio = 0.3, Dia of the circle = 10 mm, Analysis assumption
– plane stress with thickness is used.
RESULT:
Analytical approach:
Calculation:
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Deformation
Stress
Problem 4.2: The corner angle bracket is shown below. The upper left hand pin-hole is
constrained around its entire circumference and a tapered pressure load is applied to
the bottom of lower right hand pin-hole. Compute Maximum displacement, Von-Mises
stress.
15. Plot results – contour plot – Element solu – Stress – Von Mises Stress – ok (the stress
distribution diagram will be displayed).
16. PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed shape – def+undeformed-ok.
RESULT:
THERMAL ANALYSIS
Problem 5.1: Solve the 2-D heat conduction problem for the temperature distribution
within the rectangular plate. Thermal conductivity of the plate, KXX=401 W/(m-K).
RESULT:
Problem 5.2: A furnace wall is made up of silica brick (K=1.5W/moC) and outside
magnesia brick (K= 4.9 W/moC) each 10cm thick. The inner and outer surfaces are
exposed to fluids at temperatures of 820oC and 110oC respectively. The contact
resistance is 0.001m2oC/W. The heat transfer coefficient for inner and outer surfaces is
equal to 35 W/m2K. Find the heat flow through the wall per unit area per unit time and
temperature distribution across the wall. Area= 1m2.
Given: K1=1.5W/moC, K2= 1 W/moC, K3= 4.9 W/moC, h1=h4=35 W/m2K, T1=820°C,
T6=110 0C, L1=L2= 10 cm & L= 1mm.
1. Preferences-thermal-h method-ok
2. Preprocessor-Element type-add/edit/delete-add-link, 3d conduction 33,element type
reference N0.=1-apply-link, convection 34 element type reference no.2=2-ok-close
3. Real constant- add/edit/delete-add-real constant set no=1-C/S area =1-ok-close.
4. Real constant- add/edit/delete-add-real constant set no=2-C/S area =1-ok-close.
5. Material properties-material model-thermal conductivity-isotropic-KXX=1.5-ok.
From the define material model behavior menu bar-material new model
Enter define material id=2-ok
Thermal-conductivity-isotropic-Kxx=1-ok
Define material id=3-ok
Thermal-conductivity-isotropic-Kxx=4.9-ok
Define material id=4-ok-convection or film coefficient HF= 35, close
Modeling-create-nodes-in active CS
Enter node no=1,x=0,y=0,z=0-apply
Enter node no=2, X=0.001, Y=0, Z=0-apply
Enter node no=3, X=0.101, Y=0, Z=0-apply
Enter node no=4, X=0.102, Y=0, Z=0-apply
Enter node no=5, X=0.202, Y=0, Z=0-apply
Enter node no=6, X=0.203, Y=0, Z=0-ok.
Modeling-create-element-element attributes
RESULT:
Analytical approach:
Calculation:
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Nodal temperature
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
Heat flux
Problem 5.3: The exterior wall of a building is constructed of four materials, 12mm
thick gypsum board, 75mm thick fibre glass insulation, 20mm thick plywood and 20mm
thick hardboard. The inside and outside air temperatures are 20oC and -10oC
respectively. The convective heat transfer coefficients on the inner and outer surfaces of
the wall are 6W/m2 oC and 10 W/m2 oC respectively. Determine the heat flux and the
temperature distribution. Take K for gypsum=0.176W/moC, K for fibre
glass=0.036W/moC, K for plywood=0.115 W/moC and K for hardboard=0.215 W/moC.
Area= 1m2.
1. Preferences-thermal-h method-ok
2. Element type-add/edit/delete-add-link, 3d conduction 33,element type reference
N0.=1-apply-link, convection 34 element type reference no.2=2-ok-close
3. Real constant- add/edit/delete-add-real constant set no=1-C/S area =1-ok-close.
4. Real constant- add/edit/delete-add-real constant set no=2-C/S area =1-ok-close.
Modeling-create-element-element attributes
Enter element type no=1 LINK 33 (Conduction)
Material no=4 (conduction)
Real constant set no=1 (conduction)-ok
RESULT:
Analytical approach:
Calculation:
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Nodal temperature
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
Heat flux
Problem 5.4: A plane wall ‘X’ (K=75W/mK) is 60 mm thick and has volumetric heat
generation of 1.5×106W/m3. It is insulated on one side while the other side is in contact
with the surface of another wall ‘Y’ (K=150W/mK) which is 30mm thick and has no
heat generation. The free surface of wall ‘Y’ is exposed to a cooling fluid at 200C with a
convection coefficient of 950 W/m2K. Find steady state temperatures at salient points
across the composite wall. Area= 1m2.
1. Preferences-Thermal-h method-ok
2. Element type-add/edit/delete- add-solid, quad 4node 55-enter reference number=1-
select options-element behaviour,K3= plane thickness-ok
3. Real constants- add/edit/delete-add- enter real constant set no. 1, thickness=2-ok-close
4. Material properties-Material models-material number 1-thermal-conductivity-
isotropic-KXX=75-ok.
5. From the menu bar select material-new model-enter material no. ID 2=2-select
6. Material model no.2- thermal-conductivity-isotropic-KXX=150-ok.
7. Modeling-create-areas-rectangles-by dimensions-X1=0, X2=0.06, Y1=0,Y2=0.03-
apply- X1=0.06, X2=0.09, Y1=0,Y2=0.03-OK
Modeling-operate-Boolean-glue-areas-pick the material-ok
8. Meshing-size controls-manual size-picked lines-pick the first vertical line, middle line
and the last vertical line-ok-number of element divisions-2-apply
Meshing-size controls-manual size-picked lines-pick the first rectangle top and
bottom lines-number of element divisions=60-apply
Meshing-size controls-manual size-picked lines-pick the top and bottom lines of
second rectangle-number of element divisions=30-ok.
Meshing-mesh areas- free-pick all-ok.
9. Solution-Analysis type-new analysis-steady state-ok
define loads-apply-thermal-heat generated on areas-pick the first rectangle-ok
define loads-apply-thermal-heat generated on areas-apply Hgen on areas as constant
value- load Hgen value=1.5e6
define loads-apply-thermal-convection-on lines-pick the back corner line-ok-enter
film coefficient=950-bulk temperature=200C (Don’t change other attributes)-ok
RESULT:
Analytical approach:
Calculation:
Ansys results:
Ansys Theoretical
Nodal temperature
T1
T2
T3
Problem 6.1: Modal Analysis of Cantilever beam for natural frequency determination.
Modulus of elasticity = 200GPa, Density = 7800 Kg/m3.
RESULT:
Analytical solution:
Ansys results:
RESULT:
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS
1. Calculate the stresses and displacement for the plate shown below. Let the load
be P = 100N applied at equal distance from both ends and E = 3e7 N/mm2.
3. Calculate the maximum value of Von-misses stresses in the stepped beam with
a rounded plate as shown in the figure. Where Young’s modulus, E=210Gpa,
Poisson’s ratio is 0.3 and the beam thickness is 10mm, the element size is 2mm
4. Loads will not be applied to the beam shown below in order to observe the
deflection caused by the weight of the beam itself. The beam is to be made of
steel with a Young’s modulus of elasticity of 200 Gpa.
5. A beam has a force of 1000N applied as shown below. The purpose of this
optimization problem is to minimize the weight of the beam without exceeding
the allowable stress. It is necessary to find the cross sectional dimensions of the
beam in order to minimize the weight of the beam. However, the width and
height of the beam cannot be smaller than 10mm. The maximum stress
anywhere in the beam cannot exceed 200 MPa. The beam is to be made of steel
with a modulus of elasticity of 200 GPa
VIVA QUESTIONS
1. Theories of failure.
b. Maximum Shear Stress Theory- A material in complex state of stress fails when
the maximum shearing stress in it reaches the value of shearing stress at elastic limit
in uniaxial tension test.
d. Maximum Strain Energy Theory- A material in complex state of stress fails when
the maximum strain energy per unit volume at a point reaches the value of strain
energy per unit volume at elastic limit in simple tension test.
failure the energy causing distortion per unit volume is equal to the distortion
energy per unit volume in uniaxial state of stress at elastic limit.
The maximum stress to which any member is designed is much less than the ultimate
stress and this stress is called working stress. The ratio of ultimate stress to working stress
is called factor of safety.
The max stress at which even a billion reversal of stress cannot cause failure of the
material is called endurance limit.
Modulus of rigidity: It is defined as the ratio of shearing stress to shearing strain within
elastic limit.
Bulk modulus:It is defined as the ratio of identical pressure ‘p’ acting in three mutually
perpendicular directions to corresponding volumetric strain.
The maximum strain energy which can be stored by a body without undergoing
permanent deformation is called proof resilience.
A diagram in which ordinate represent shear force and abscissa represents the position of
the section is called SFD.
A diagram in which ordinate represents bending moment and abscissa represents the
position of the section is called BMD.
a. The beam is initially straight and every layer of it is free to expand or contract.
Three node triangular elements are known as constant strain triangular element. It has 6
unknown degrees of freedom called u1, v1, u2, v2, u3, v3. The element is called CST
because it has constant strain throughout it.
15. Define shape function.
In finite element method, field variables within an element are generally expressed by the
following approximate relation:
Φ (x,y) = N1(x,y) Φ1+ N2(x,y) Φ2+N3(x,y) Φ3+N4(x,y) Φ4 where Φ1, Φ2, Φ3 and Φ4 are
the values of the field variables at the nodes and N1, N2, N3 and N4 are interpolation
function. N1, N2, N3, N4 are called shape functions because they are used to express the
geometry or shape of the element.
• The shape function has unit value at one nodal point and zero value at the other
nodes.
• The accuracy of the results can be improved by increasing the order of the
polynomial.
• It is a symmetric matrix.
19. What are the difference between boundary value problem and initial value problem?
The solution of differential equation obtained for physical problems which satisfies some
specified conditions known as boundary conditions. If the solution of differential
equation is obtained together with initial conditions then it is known as initial value
Plane stress is defined as a state of stress in which the normal stress (α) and the shear
stress directed perpendicular to plane are zero.
Plane strain is defined to be a state of strain in which the strain normal to the xy plane
and the shear strains are assumed to be zero.
When the excitations are varying slowly with time then it is called quasi-static response.
If the number of nodes used for defining the geometry is less than the number of nodes
used for defining the displacements is known as sub parametric element.
If the number of nodes used for defining the geometry is more than the number of nodes
used for defining the displacements is known as sub parametric element.
If the number of nodes used for defining the geometry is same as number of nodes used
for defining the displacements then it is called parametric element.
It is difficult to represent the curved boundaries by straight edges finite elements. A large
number of finite elements may be used to obtain reasonable resemblance between
original body and assemblage. In order to overcome this drawback, iso parametric
elements are used i.e for problems involving curved boundaries, a family of elements
‘isoparametric elements’ are used.
A material is isotropic if its mechanical and thermal properties are the same in all
directions. Isotropic materials can have homogeneous or non-homogeneous microscopic
structures.
• Discretization