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CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYOLEFINS
WASTES BY FTIR SPECTROSCOPY
A. MOLDOVAN1 S. PAŢACHIA1
R. BUICAN1 M.H. ŢIEREAN2
Fig. 2. FTIR spectra of each density fraction (representative spectra) and the PP/PE
repartition
68 Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov. Series I • Vol. 5 (54) No. 2 - 2012
leading to chain scission and crosslinking. methylene (-C=C- at 1680-1620 cm-1 - weak
During POs degradation, hydroxyl (-OH at absorption band) and vinyl (-CH=CH2 at
3650-3200 cm-1 - a broad absorption band), 908 cm-1) groups are the main degradation
carbonyl (-C=O at 1850-1630 cm-1), products that form.
Fig. 4. Composition of the B&CW density fractions determined via FTIR analysis
Fig. 5. Carbonyl region detail for FTIR spectra of sample representing different
density fractions: a) 0.89-0.90 g/cm3; b) 0.90-0.91 g/cm3; c) 0.93-0.94 g/cm3
and d) 0.94-0.95 g/cm3
the Norrish I type degradation mechanism. The CI has been calculated as the ratio
Figure 5b, reveals that PP sample is in a between the absorbance area of carbonyl
much advanced degradation state as PP groups and the absorbance area of a
from Figure 5a, due to the higher content specific band for the PO (used as internal
in C=C. PE spectra also present some reference) encountered at 1380 cm-1 in the
differences: in Figure 5c the double bound case of PE, and at 2700-2750 cm-1 for PP,
evidences the main absorption band in the respectively [8]. The results are presented
region, and it presents small shoulders in Table 1 (average values of CI for each
corresponding to different carbonyl component of the density fractions). The
species, while PE described by Figure 5d CIaverage was calculated taking into
presents a broad absorption band with four consideration the components percent for
maxima centred at 1724, 1680, 1650, 1606 each density fraction determined earlier.
cm-1, with similar intensities. It seems that Relatively low CI values have been
PE characterized by the spectrum from obtained. Samples containing mainly
Figure 5d is in an advanced stage of polyethylene exhibit a carbonyl index
degradation as the one from 5c. around 1, by comparing with the ones with
Due to the fact that the different carbonyl a higher percentage of PP, where all
species absorption bands are not totally carbonyl indexes were above 0.7. Normally
separated, the total area of carbonyl groups this means that PE containing fractions are
absorption band, between 1850 and 1630 more degraded than PP based fractions.
cm-1 has been used for the carbonyl index But taking into account that PP has to be
(CI) calculation - Equation (1): more sensitive to oxidation (due to the
tertiary carbon presence), and that carbonyl
A1850−1650 groups could act as weak points inducing
CI = . (1)
APO new oxidative processes, the functionalized
Moldovan, A., et al.: Characterization of Polyolefins Wastes by FTIR Spectroscopy 71
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