BAHAN AJAR
EXPRESSING OBLIGATION
Material : Expressing Obligation
Class/Semester : XII/2
Kompetensi Dasar
3.30 Menganalisis fungsi sosial,
struktur teks, dan unsur
kebahasaan untuk menyatakan dan
menanyakan tentang keharusan,
sesuai dengan konteks
penggunaannya.
4.10 Menyusun teks lisan dan tulis
untuk menyatakan dan
menanyakan tentang keharusan,
dengan memperhatikan fungsi
sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur
kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai
konteks.
A. Look at these pictures!
Indikator
3.30.1 Mengidentifikasi ungakapan-ungkapan
untuk menyatakan dan menanyakan
informasi terkait keharusan
3.30.2 Memahami struktur teks dari ungkapan
menyatakan dan menanyakan informasi
terkait keharusan
3.30.3 Memahami unsur kebahasaan dari
ungkapan menyatakan dan menanyakan
informasi terkait keharusan.
4.30.1 Menyusun teks lisan dan tulis tentang
keharusan berdasarkan situasi yang
diberikan
4.30.2 Melakukan role-play dengan
menggunakan ekspresi keharusan
B. Expressing obligation
When it is necessary or obligatory to do something, you express obligation.
a. Obligation in the present:
- I have to finish my work before this evening.
- I have got to learn English if I want to live in the USA.
- I must see the doctor soon because I don't feel well.
- It is obligatory that I stop when the traffic light turn red.
- It is necessary that I take a taxi. I'm late.
b. Obligation in the past:
- I had to work extra hours to pay my bills.
c. Obligation in the future:
- I'll have to borrow money.
d. Things to remember:
1. The difference between "Have to" and "must" is that "have to" indicates that
someone else has imposed conditions on us.
2. The simple past of "must" is "had to".
3. The simple future of "must" is "will have to".
4. Should also expresses obligation. But there is a difference between must / have to
and should:
- must / have to = 100% obligation. "When the traffic light turn red, you must stop."
- should = 50% obligation. It's more an advice than an obligation. " You look tired.
you should have a rest."
Sample Dialog:

Policeman : Don’t you know that you must stop when the traffic lights are red?
Driver : Sorry Sir. I was so absent-minded that I didn’t pay attention to the traffic
lights.
Policeman : Well Sir, you’ll have to pay a fine!

e. Expression of Obligation:
- All students must obey the school rules.
- If you want pass the exam, you must study hard.
- You’re sick. You have to see the doctor.
- Your mother said that you had to go home now.
f. Expression of Non Obligation:
- I don’t have to go home soon.
- The workers must not have lunch at the canteen.
- The child doesn’t have to do all the housework by himself.
C. Must Vs. Have to
“Must” is similar to “have to”
- It’s later than I thought. I must go home now. OR I have to go home now.
 We can use “must” to give opinion. For example, to say what you think is necessary, or to
recommend someone to do something. Using “have to” is also possible to give opinion.
- I haven’t seen Alan for a week. I hope he’s fine. I must call him. (= I say this is necessary )
- Mark is really nice person. You must meet him. (= I recommend this)
- Ora beach is very beautiful indeed. We have to visit this place someday. (= I recommend
this)
We use “have to” (not “must”) to say what someone is obligated to do. The speaker is not giving
his/her own opinion.
- Father has to work from 8.00 to 5.00 every day. (a fact, not an opinion)
- I have to help my Mom after school. (an obligation)
D. Mustn’t Vs. Don’t have to
“Mustn’t” and “don’t have to” are completely different.
You must not do something = it is necessary that you do not do it (so don’t do it)
- You must keep it a secret. You mustn’t tell anyone. (= don’t tell anyone)
- Today’s meeting is very important. I mustn’t be late. (= I must be on time)

PROHIBITION

You don’t have to do something = you don’t need to do it (but you can if you want).
- You don’t have to tell him, but you can if you want.
- I don’t have to go her party, but I think I’ll go anyway.

NO NEED

E. The Pattern

Positive Negative Interrogative

S + must + V1+ … S + mustn’t + V1+ … Must + S + V1+ …?

S + have/has to + V1+ … S + don’t /doesn’t have to + V1+ … Do/does + S + have to + V1+ …?

F. Read and learn to pronounce the dialogs correctly.

Robert is starting a new job.

Interviewer : Welcome to Smith & Jones. Do you have any questions?

Robert : Yes, what time do I have to start working?

Interviewer : You have to start working at 8.30 a.m.

Robert : What do I have to do?

Interviewer : You have to type letters, make tea, answer the telephone.

Robert : Do I have to wear a uniform?

Interviewer : No, you don’t have to wear a uniform, but you must wear a tie.

Robert : Can I smoke?

Interviewer : No, you mustn’t smoke in the building. You’ll have to go outside

if you want to smoke.

Robert : Do I have to work?

Interviewer : Yes, you have to work overtime every Saturday.

 References

Kurniawan, Lani. 2019. English for SMK 3 Kurikulum 2013 Revisi 2017. Bogor:
Yudhistira.
https://www.google.com/search?safe=strict&biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=qVVEXc-
9Be7Az7sPrp-zgAI&q=i+must+cartoo&oq (Quoted on August 1, 2019)
https://www.google.com/search?safe=strict&biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei (Quoted on August 2,
2019)
https://www.google.com/search?safe=strict&tbm=isch&q=contoh+SIGNS+tentang+++OBLIGATION&chips
(Quoted on August 2, 2019)
https://www.google.com/search?q=HAVE+TO&safe=strict&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa (Quoted on August 2,
2019)
https://english-assistant.blogspot.com/2016/06/expressions-of-expressing-obligationnon.html) (Quoted on
August 2, 2019)
https://www.wordsmile.com/penggunaan-contoh-kalimat-must-have-to (Quoted on August 3, 2019)