Islam Battles Date

Islam Battles
# Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Data Source Source 1 Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3
Key:
(1) *** indicates the information on the event from the key (1st) source is scanty.
(2) Ifriqiya: This refers to a location in North Africa, Egypt, or Sudan.
(3) 'Nalanjar' is corrected to read 'Balanjar', as I determined this to be a keyboard error (N and B are next to each other).
(4) The dates that arefrom the original Dr. Warner provided. The new date is because the event is matched but hte sources has a slightly different date for it.
1 624 Badr (Battle of Badr) Mohammed army Vs Meccan http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Muhammed's first victory against the
pagans; com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference Meccans & the Quraysh. After they had
Muslims win to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, forced him to move to Medina,
Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- Muhammed had relied on charity, and
1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, by necessity, he began to raid caravans
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, for booty to support his followers,
1999], 15 while spreading Islam. Islam became an
ideal tool to unify his supporters, and
also a key necessity for Muhammed to
achieve his political ambitions.
2 625 Uhud Mohammed Vs Meccan pagans; http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Banu Nadir Jews expelled from Medina; Armstrong, Karen. Islam: A Short
Meccans win. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference Banu Qaynuqah jews were also expelled History. (New York, The Modern Library
to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, (Armstroon, 2002). [Random House], 2002), xiii.
Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- [http://www.islamlaws.com/wp-
1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, content/uploads/2014/10/Islam-A-
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, Short-History-Karen-Armstrong.pdf]
1999], 14.
3 627-628 Medina Mohammed Vs Meccan pagans; http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Medinan muslims foiled a Meccan siege
(Battle of the Trench) Muslims under siege; A brief foray com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference of their city. The Meccans were aided by
occurs but no battle is fought; to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Bedouins. 700 mena nd boys of the
Meccans retreat, Muslims win. Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- Jewish tribe of Banu Qurayza were
1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, beheaded by Medinan Muslims, as they
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, were deemed to have refused to
1999], 16. cooperate with Muhammed's defense of
medina agains the Meccan army. [NB:
two other Jewish tribes, the Banu
Qaynuqa and Banu Nadir had been
expelled from Medina earlier
;https://islamreligionofwar.wordpress.co
m/1e-genocide-of-banu-qurayza/]
4 628 Khaybar Oasis/ Fadak Mohammed Vs Meccan pagans; http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Muhammed conquered Khaybar &
Oasis/ Hudaybiyah Muslims win. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference Fadak; Muhammed negotiated a ten-year
to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, peace treaty with the Meccan pagans
Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- called the 'Hudaybiyah truce', as a result
1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, of the Meccan rejection of Islam.
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, Muhammed & his converts were assured
1999], 16. of paasage to Mecca for pilgrimage, to
the Kaaba shrine.
5 629 Mecca/Medina Mohammed Vs Meccan pagans; http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Truce of Hudaybiyah broken by com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
Bedouin allies of the Quraysh. to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570-
1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
1999], 16.
1
Islam Battles
6 629 Muta Muhammed Vs Byzantines. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Muhammed's army was defeated by the World Heritage Encyclopedia ,s.v. "Battle
(also 'Mutah') Byzantines win. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference Byzantine army at Muta, near the dead of Mu'tah,"
to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, sea. This was the first clash between http://community.worldheritage.org
Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- Muslims and the Byzantines. /articles/eng/Battle_of_Mu'tah
1999], 16.
7 630 Mecca Muhammed Vs Meccan pagans & http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Muhammed entered Mecca with a 10,
Jews. Meccans surrender, muslims com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference 000
occupy. Christians from Najran, to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, strong army. The Meccans surrendered
Yemen sign a treaty to accept Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- and
political control by Muhammed. 1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, the pagan leaders accepted Islam. An
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, amnesty
1999], 17. was declared, and the Kaaba taken over
for
Islam; All the Kaaba idols were
destroyed.
Neighbouring pagan tribes came to
Medina to
surrender to Islam, and to Muhammed's
leadership.
8 630 Tabuk ( also 'Tabouk') Muhammed Vs pagan tribes (?) http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Akram, A.I., The Sword of Allah: Khalid
Muslims win. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference bin Al-Waleed: His Life and Campaigns.
to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, eBook(Lahore: Feroze Sons Publishers,
Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- 1969), [Appendix B: Note 11: Date of
1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Conquest of Damascus], 351.
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Saha
1999], 17. ba/Khalid
-Ibn-Walids-Seerah_en.pdf
9 632 Yamama Rashidun Caliphate ( forces of http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries The apostates were roundly defeated,
(Aqraba plain, Saudi Khalid ibn al-Walid; Caliph - Abu dic.nsf/enwiki/38967 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of and the final phase was fought in the
Arabia) Bakr) Vs Rebel apostates (led by 31 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of "Garden of Death", where 7000
Muslaima the Liar). The apostates Yamama", apostates where killed in one day.
were roundly defeated. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/38
96731
10 632 Zafar Rashidun Caliphate ( forces of http://ebooks.rahnum Akram, A.I., The Sword of Allah: Khalid The Ghatfan tribal 'chieftess' Salma {or Wikipedia- The Free encyclopedia, "Battle After previous victories, Khalid ibn al-
Khalid ibn al-Walid) Vs the Ghatfan a.org/religion/Sahaba/ bin Al-Waleed: His Life and Campaigns. Umm Zhiml}, was a former captive of of Walid (for the Rashidun Caliphate)
tribe, an a apostate tribe, whose Khalid-Ibn-Walids- eBook(Lahore: Feroze Sons Publishers, Mohammed. Her mother had fought Zafar",https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battl proceeded to fight the apostate tribe, led
arny was led by a tribal 'chieftess' Seerah_en.pdf 1969), pp 117. against the Muslims but was captured e_of_Zafar by a tribal 'chieftess' Salma {or Umm
Salma {or Umm Zhiml}. Salma was http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Saha and killed in battle. After her mother was Zhiml}. Khalid targeted Salma, and killed
killed and her army roundly ba/Khalid-Ibn-Walids-Seerah_en.pdf killed, Salma was taken captive, and her in order to demoralize her army).
defeated. Mohamed presented her to his wife After her death, the rest of her army was
Aisha as a slave. However, Aisha slaughtered. After this battle, other
recognized how unhappy she was, and apostate tribes chose to convert to
set her free, and she returned to her Islam, or to be exiled, or death, or
tribe. capture and enslavement. No other
tribes in this region undertook any
violence against Islam after this time.
11 632 (or 633) Buzakha Rashidun Caliphate ( forces of http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries Wikipedia- The Free encyclopedia, "Battle
Khalid ibn al-Walid) Vs Rebel dic.nsf/enwiki/38966 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of of Buzakha",
apostates (Tulaiha, a "false 01 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_B
prophet" {or Tuleiha}). The Buzakha", uzakha
apostates were roundly defeated. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/38
Victor: Caliphate forces. 96601
2
Islam Battles
12 632 Ghamra Rashidun Caliphate (forces of http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Khalid ibn al-Walid) Vs the dic.nsf/enwiki/38966 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
remaining army from the battle of 10 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
Buzakha, 20 miles from Buzakha. Ghamra",http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/e
nwiki/3896610
13 633 Kazima (Kazma)/ "Battle Rashidun Caliphate ( forces of https://shortislamicst Suleman K. (2013). Short Islamic Stories - Christian Apologetics & Research This battle was also called the "Chains
of Chains" Khalid ibn al-Walid; Caliph - Abu ories.wordpress.com/ Enlightening Islamic Stories in a Nutshell, Ministry (CARM). "Chronology of Early River Battle."
Bakr) Vs Persian army in Iraq 2013/12/02/battle-of- "Battle of Kazima", Islam." [Document prepared by Matt
kazima/ https://shortislamicstories.wordpress.co Slick] https://carm.org/chronology-of-
m/2013/12/02/battle-of-kazima/ early-islam
14 633 Iraq http://ebooks.rahnum Akram, A.I., The Sword of Allah: Khalid
a.org/religion/Sahaba/ bin Al-Waleed: His Life and Campaigns.
Khalid-Ibn-Walids- eBook (Lahore: Feroze Sons Publishers,
Seerah_en.pdf 1969), [Appendix B: Note 11: Date of
Conquest of Damascus], 195.
15 633 Walaja Muslim forces Vs Persian forces; Christian Apologetics Christian Apologetics & Research Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Muslim forces were victorious, led & Research Ministry Ministry (CARM). "Chronology of Early and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
by Khalid ibin al-Walid. (CARM). "Chronology Islam." [Document prepared by Matt Wars in the Muslim World, " Islamic
of Early Islam." Slick] https://carm.org/chronology-of- Conquest of Persia:Battle of Walaja",
[Document prepared early-islamhttps://carm.org/chronology- http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/38
by Matt Slick] of-early-islam 96746.
https://carm.org/chro
nology-of-early-
islamhttps://carm.org/
chronology-of-early-
islam
16 633 Ulleis (Ullais) https://carm.org/chro Christian Apologetics & Research
nology-of-early-islam Ministry (CARM). "Chronology of Early
Islam." [Document prepared by Matt
Slick] https://carm.org/chronology-of-
early-islam
17 633 Hira Muslim forces led by Khalid ibn al- http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical
Walid occupied Hira. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference Dictionary of Islam: Historical
to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies,
Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- And Movements, No. 37. (The Scarecrow
1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Press, 2001), xxi. [Book: Charlotte
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, Mecklenberg Public Library]
1999], 19.
18 633 Al Anbar https://carm.org/chro Christian Apologetics & Research
early-islam
19 633 Ain el Tamr (Ein ul Tamr) https://libraryoflights. Nafziger, George F., and Mark W.
files.wordpress.com/2 Walton. Islam at War: A History
011/09/islam-at- (Westport: Praeger, 2003), 20.
war- george-
nafziger.pdf
20 633 Daumat ul Jandal https://carm.org/chro Christian Apologetics & Research
early-islam
3
Islam Battles
21 633 Muzayyah http://islamicblessing Akram, A.I. The Muslim Conquest of
s.com/upload/The%2 Persia, A.B. al-Mehri, ed. (Birmimgham:
0Muslim%20Conques Maktabah Publishers and Distributors,
t% 2009), 15.
20Of%20Persia.pdf
22 633 Muslims (led by Khalid ibn al- http://www.gutenberg World eBook Library, s.v. "Battle of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_S
Sanni Walid) Vs Christian Arabs (led by .us/articles/Battle_of_ Sanni", [Article reproduced World aniyy#References
Saniyy (See comment) Rabi'a bin Bujar). The Muslims Sanni Heritage Encyclopedia] Article
decisively won. The Christians Id:WHEBN0007680322
suffered nearly 5,000 fatalities,
while the Muslims had minimal
losses.
23 633 Zumail http://islamicblessing Akram, A.I. The Muslim Conquest of
s.com/upload/The%2 Persia . edited by A.B.
0Muslim%20Conques al-Mehri Birmimgham: Maktabah
t% Publishers and Distributors., 2009.
20Of%20Persia.pdf
24 634 Dathin https://ia800204.us.a Hitti, Philip Khuri.The Origins of the
rchive.org/24/items/o Islamic State: Being a Translation from
riginsislamics the Arabic, Accompanied with
00hittgoog/originsisla Annotations, Geographic and Historic
mics00hittgoog.pdf Notes of the Kitâb Fitûh
al-Buldân of al-Imâm abu-l Abbâs
Ahmad ibn-Jâbir al-
Balâdhuri eBook Digitized by Google
(London, Longmans, 1916), 167.
25 634 Bosra http://www.worldebo World eBook Library , s.v."Battle of
oklibrary.net/articles/e Bosra," [Article reproduced from World
ng/Battle_ Heritage Encyclopedia]
of_Bosra http://www.worldebooklibrary.net/article
s/eng/Battle_of_Bosra. Article ID:
WHEBN0007598540
26 634 Khaybar & Najray Caliph Umar "unifies" Arabia http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
progressively. Jews from Khaybar com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
forced to Jericho; Christians from Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Najran forced to Syria. Africa, Europe, and
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
[Jefferson, N. Carolina,
1999], 21.
27 634 Qarteen http://www.worldlibra World eBook Library , s.v."Battle of
ry.org/articles/battle_ Qarteen," [Article reproduced from
of_qarteen World Heritage Encyclopedia]
http://www.worldlibrary.org/articles/batt
le_of_qarteen. Article ID:
WHEBN0023336812
28 634 Ajnadayn Muslims Vs Byzantines;Byzantines http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical
defeated. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference Dictionary of Islam: Histoical
Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- And Movements, No. 37. (The Scarecrow
1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Press, 2001), xxi.
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public
1999], 19. Library].
4
Islam Battles
29 634 Marj-al-Rahit Muslims Vs Ghassanids; http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and
Ghassanids defeated. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from
to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Antiquity Through the Twenty-First
Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- Century. Volume 1, A-E. Westport:
1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Greenwood, 2007), 636.
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/do
1999], 19. wnload;
jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD1917130
19D8CE7B9D?
doi=10.1.1.691.3942&rep=rep1&type=p
df
30 634 (635) Fahl http://www.worldlibra World eBook Library , s.v."Battle of The Battle of Fahl is also referred to as
ry.org/articles/battle_ Fahl," [Article Sourced from the World the Battle of Pella
of_fahl Heritage
Encyclopedia]http://www.worldlibrary.or
g/articles/
battle_of_fahl Article ID:
WHEBN0010126467.
31 634 Damascus http://ebooks.rahnum Akram, A.I., The Sword of Allah: Khalid The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . DATE OF BATTLE: 635 A.D. In 650, Caliph
a.org/religion/Sahaba/ bin Al-Waleed: His Life and Campaigns. Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: Muawiya (Umayyad caliphate) made
Khalid-Ibn- eBook (Lahore: Feroze Sons Publishers, Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 142 Damascus his capital.
Walids-Seerah_en.pdf 1969), [Appendix B: Note 11: Date of [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public
Conquest of Damascus], 351. Library]
32 634 Firadz(Firaz) http://citeseerx.ist.ps Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Firadz is located in present day Iraq
u.edu/viewdoc/downl Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from
oad;jsessionid=C82E3 Antiquity Through the Twenty-First
FC1C99 Century. Volume 1
1EFD191713019D8C A–E. Westport: Greenwood, 2007), xxii
E7B9D?doi=10.1.1.69 & 353.
1.3942&rep=rep1&ty
pe=pdf
33 634 (?638) Kufa Kufa estab'd as a Muslim garrison http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Kufa was founded as a garrison along
town. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference the Euphrates River.
to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
1999], 20 & 22.
34 635 Marj-al-Suffar Muslim forces victorious led by http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical
(Near Damascus) Khalid ibn al-Walid.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference Dictionary of Islam: Historical
Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- and Movements, No. 37. (The Scarecrow
1999], 21.
35 635 Damascus Damascus is occupied under http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim The Caliphate is estab. in Damascus.
Muslim forces led by Khalid ibn-al- com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
Walid.*** to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
1999], 21.
5
Islam Battles
36 635 Gaza Muslims Vs ? http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Gaza conquered by Muslims.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
1999], 21.
37 635 Buwayb Muslim victory.*** http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
1999], 21.
38 636 (?637) Qadisiyya Muslim Arabs Vs Persian Sasanid http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Armstrong, Karen. Islam: A Short History. Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical
(or Al Qadisiyyah) army; Arabs won. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference (New York, The Modern Library [Random Dictionary of Islam: Historical
[Central Iraq] to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, House], 2002), 21. (2)Bartlett, W.B. Dictionaries of Religions,
Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- Islam's War Against the Crusaders, Philosophies, and Movements, No.
1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, eBook Edition (Gloucestershire: The 37. (The Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxi.
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, History Press, [2008] 2013),19. [Text: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public
1999], 21. Library]
39 636 (Battle of ) Muslims Vs Byzantines;Byzantines http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim This battle led to the quick conquest of Bartlett, W.B. Islam's War Against the
Yarmuk River defeated. After this all of Syria was com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference Syria Crusaders, eBook edition
(or Yarmouk) soon conquered by Muslims. to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, (Gloucestershire: The History Press,
Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- [2008] 2013), 12.
1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/it
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, em/show/1854550106
1999], 21. _islams_war_against_the_crusaders.
NOTES:This battle resulted in the
conquest of Syria.
40 637 Iraq (Ctesiphon -or Mada- Arabs Vs Sassanids; Sassanids http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
in, Sassanid capital, defeated. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
southwest of Baghdad to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
falls to the Arabs) Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570-
Ba'albek, Homs, Hama 1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
also fell to the Arabs. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
1999], 21.
41 637 (?638) Jerusalem ProQuest ebrary Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook] Jerusalem Conquered under Caliph Umar Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical
(Harpenden, Pocket Essentials, 2005), Dictionary of Islam: Histoical
20. Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies,
And Movements, No. 37. (The Scarecrow
Press, 2001), xxi.[Text: Charlotte
Mecklenberg Public Library]
42 637 Hazir http://ebooks.rahnum Akram, A.I., The Sword of Allah: Khalid
a.org/religion/Sahaba/ bin Al-Waleed: His Life and Campaigns.
Khalid-Ibn-Walids- eBook (Lahore: Feroze Sons Publishers,
Seerah_en.pdf 1969), [Appendix B: Note 11: Date of
Conquest of Damascus], 324.
43 637 Aleppo http://www.ancient.eu Ancient History Encyclopedia, s.vv. Conquered by Khalid ibn al-Walid
/timeline/aleppo/ "Aleppo Timeline", 2014.
6
Islam Battles
44 637 Orontes River http://www.ancient.eu Ancient History Encyclopedia , Iron Bridge Battle.
/syria/ s.vv."Ancient Syria" [Article contributed http://www.ancient.eu/syria/
by Joshua J. Mark], 2014. "In the 7th century CE, Islam began to
spread through the region through the
Arab Conquests and, in 637 CE, the
Muslims defeated the armies of the
Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Iron
Bridge at the Orontes River in Syria. This
proved to be the decisive battle between
the Byzantinesand the Muslims and,
after the fall and capture of Antioch,
Syria became absorbed into the
Rashidun Caliphate"
45 638 Jerusalem Muslim forces under Caliph Umar http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Military under: Caliph Umar
conquer J'salem: Jews return aftercom Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
being forced out in 629. to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
1999], 22.
46 638 Mesopotamia/Persia Muslim armies advance into http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Mesop. & Persia; Jews assist com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
Muslims invading Persia. to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
1999], 22.
47 640 Balanjar Muslim Arabs Vs Khazars (Judaism https://bisericasecreta Koestler, Arthur. The Thirteenth Tribe: The Arabs advanced deep into Khazaria,
642-652 was the Khazars' state religion). .files.wordpress.com/ The Khazar Empire and Its Heritage. ISBN aiming to capture Balanjar, the
The Arabs were beaten back in 2007/08/koestler- 0-394-40284-7. [New York, Random nearest town. In the great battle in 652,
every instance of the first Arab- arthur-the-thirteenth- House, {ISBN 0-394-40284-7}. both sides used artillery (catapults and
Khazar war. tribe-the-khazar- ballistae). However the Arabs lost 4,000
empire-and-its- men, including their commander, Abdal-
heritage.pdf Rahman ibn Rabiah, while the rest fled in
disorder across the mountains.
48 640 Basra (S'n Iraq) Basra estab'd as a Muslim garrison http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
town. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
1999], 22.
49 640 Heliopolis Muslim army Vs Byzantine forces; http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim 1) A Byzantine army was defeated, a
Byz forces defeated. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference fortress at Babylon was besieged by
to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, muslims forces.
Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- 2) This battle led to the conquest of
1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Egypt.
1999], 23.
7
Islam Battles
50 640 Caesarea Caesarea was captured.*** http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
1999], 24.
51 640 Palestine conquered http://www.ijs.org.au/ The Arab-Israeli Conflict 1948-1996: Christian Apologetics & Research
Historical- Historical Background Ministry (CARM). "Chronology of Early
Background/default.a [The Destruction of the Temple and the Islam." [Document prepared by Matt
spx Jewish Dispersion] Slick] https://carm.org/chronology-of-
early-islam
52 641 (or 640) Heliopolis http://www.radicaltrut Sell, Canon E., Muslim Conquests in
h.net/uploads/pubs/ North Africa (Madras:The Christian
Sell-- Literature Society of India, 1914), 7.
Muslim%20Conquest
s%20in%20North%20
Africa.pdf
53 641 Sardinia
54 641 Old Cairo (fortress of Muslims Vs Byzantine empire; Amr http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Babylon) ibn al-As captures Old Cairo com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
1999], 24.
55 641 (or 642) Alexandria Cyrus the Patriarch of Alexandria http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Muslims captured Alexandria for the Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary
surrendered the city to Muslims; com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference first time. of Islam: Historical Dictionaries of
Byantine army allowed to to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, In 646, Alexandria was recaptured again Religions, Philosophies, And
disembark. Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- bringing Movements, No. 37. (The Scarecrow
1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, it fully and permanently under Islamic Press, 2001), xxi. [Book: Charlotte
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, rule. Mecklenberg Public Library]
1999], 24.
56 642 Niharvand Muslims Vs Sasanids (Persian). http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim The Sasanids were also defeated as Jalula Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary The Sassanids (Persians/Iranians) were
(also Nihawand) This battle at Niharvand completed com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference in 642 A.D. of Islam: Historical Dictionaries of defeated by Arab Muslims at Nihawand
the conquest of the Sasanid to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Religions, Philosophies, And (also Nihavand).
Empire. Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- Movements, No. 37. (The Scarecrow
1999], 24.
57 643 Tripoli conquered After the conquest of Egypt, Tripoli http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
(?Libya conquered) was conquered. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
1999], 25
58 644 Alexandria Alexandra rebelled upon sigh of a http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim A Byzantium fleet tried to recapture the
Byzantine fleet, but rebellion was com Diaspora: A Comprehensive city, aided by a local rebellion. The
short lived; Muslim Governor Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, capture was short-lived. Arab muslims
Abdalla ibn Saad, foster brother of Africa, Europe, and recaptured the city.
Caliph Uthman, recaptured the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
Alexandria. [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
1999], 26.
8
Islam Battles
59 645 Alexandria (Nile Delta) Byzantines army under Michael the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Armenian captured the Nile Delta com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
area. to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
1999], 26.
60 645 Nikiou Byzantine army Vs Muslim Arabs. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing Press, http://self.gutenberg.org/articles/Battle_
Byz army captured the delta, but com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference s.vv., "Battle of Nikiou", [Article sourced of_Nikiou
later defeated by Amr ibn-al-As at to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, from World Heritage Encyclopedia] ,
Nikou. Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- 2014. Article ID:WHEBN0004246048
1999], 26.
61 645 Alexandria Muslim governor Abdalla ibn Saad, http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
foster brother of Caliph Uthman, com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
recaptured Alexandria. to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
1999], 26.
62 645 Armenia Armenia came under the Muslim http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
rule.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
1999], 26.
63 646 Alexandria Alexandria is permanently http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
(Muslims recapture) occupied by Muslims. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 26.
64 647 Sbeitla (North Africa) Muslims Vs Byzantines; Abdallah http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim The first Arab armies arrived in Africa,
ibn Saad defeated the Byz forces. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive and defeated a Byzantine army at Sbeitla.
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 27.
65 649 Cyprus Muslims Vs Byzantium; Muslim http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Muslim forces captured Cyprus, which
Arab force from Alexandria com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference succeeded because of Muslim forces
conquered Cyprus. to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, from Alexandria.
1999], 27.
9
Islam Battles
66 649 Merv & Sarakhs Conquered by the Muslim http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Military under: Abd Allah ibn Amir
(Central Asia, governor of Basra, Abd Allah in com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
Turkmenistan) Amir. to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
1999], 27.
67 651 Khurasan (Iraq) A rebellion occurred among http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
649 Qhurasan soldiers in Khurasan & Kufa, com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
between those who accept and to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
those who did not accept Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570-
Uthman's governor. 1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
1999], 27.
68 653 Cyprus Muslim Navy Vs. Byzantines in http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Cyprus and the surrounding com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
archipelago. to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
1999], 30.
69 654 Rhodes http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Muslim forces plundered Rhodes, an
Muslim forces plundered the city com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Island
of Rhodes.*** Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, belonging to Greece.
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 30.
70 655 Off the Lycian Coast Muslims Vs Byantines http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim This was the first major Arab naval
(Battle of the Masts) (Commanded by Emperor com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference victory
Constans II) First major Arab to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, over a Byantine fleet.
Muslim naval victory. Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570-
1999], 30.
71 655 That al Sawari http://worldheritage.o World Heritage Encyclopedia , s.vv.
rg/articles/eng/Battle_ "Battle of That al-Sawari,"
of_That_Al-Sawari http://worldheritage.org/articles/eng/Bat
tle_of_That_Al-Sawari
72 655 (or 656) Bassorah (Basra) Muslim civil war; Forces of Ali ibn Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries The Battle of Bassorah/Basra was a Eggenberger, David. A Dictionary of
Talib (Muhammed's cousin & son- and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of Muslim civil war that is also referred to Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles
in-law) Vs the Forces of Aisha Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of as the "Battle of the Camel" or "Battle of from 1479 B.C. to the Present. eBook,
(widow of Muhammed). Aisha's Basra/Bassorah", Jamal." Aisha directed the battle from Rev. Dover Edition:1985. (New York:
army was defeated. This was one of http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/60 the back of a camel, hence it was named Dover, 1967), Undet. Page
the earliest Muslim civil wars. 2930#Preparation_for_battle. the "battle of the camel" No.https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.co
m/search?t=smart&search_category=key
word&q=Eggenberger&commit=Search
73 657 (Battle of ) Siffin Two muslim factions fighting http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical
ended in a stalemate, following the com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference Dictionary of Islam: Historical
assasination of caliph Uthman. to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies,
Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- and Movements, No. 37. (The Scarecrow
1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Press, 2001), xxiii. [Book: Charlotte
1999], 31.
10
Islam Battles
74 659 (or 658) Nahrawan Book: Charlotte Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical
Mecklenberg Public Dictionary of Islam: Historical
Library Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies,
and Movements, No. 37. (The Scarecrow
Press, 2001), xxii.
75 668 Anatolia (Turkey) Turkey invaded by Arab Muslims. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim This year marked the beginning of regular
com Diaspora: A Comprehensive (approx. annual) raids into Turkey by
Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Arabs.
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 30.
76 668 Sicily Arab Egyptian navy attacked and http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Rhodes captured again by Arabs.
pillaged Sicily. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
1999], 34.
77 670 Tunisia conquered Arabs Vs Byzatines & Berbers http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Qayrawan in Tunisia estab. As a military
com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to base to conquer Africa
the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
1500). [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
1999], 31-32 & 35.
78 673 Transoxiana The Muslim Arab invasion starts in http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Muslim Arabs cross the Oxus River into Barnes, I. and Ruthven, Malise. The Arabs had conquered Transoxiana
667 A.D. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to Transoxiana in 667 (Transoxiana is Crossroads of War: A Historical Atlas of and the Indus region by 711.
the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, partially Turkish). the Middle East. (Cambridge: Belknap
Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- Press of Havard University Press, 2014),
1500). [Jefferson, N. Carolina, 111.
1999], 31-32 & 35.
79 673 Constantinople Muslim forces Vs Byzantium; http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim 678 A.D.: Muslims ended their siege, and Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Constantinople was contested from 674 (1)Fregosi, Paul. Jihad in the West:
Muslim besiegement starts (668- com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference estab'd a 30-yr peace (p36). Dictionary of Islam: Historical through 679. Muslim Conquests from the 7th to
673); Muslims unsuccessful.The to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, the 21st Centuries. (Amherst, N.Y.:
first siege of Constantinople failed Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- and Movements, No. 37. (The Scarecrow Prometheus Books, 1998), 41.
673 A.D. 1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Press, 2001), xxiii. [Book: Charlotte [Book: Charlotte Mecklenburg
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, Mecklenberg Public Library] Library]
1999], 34-36. (2)The Encyclopedia of the Middle
Ages. Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed.,
(New York: Viking [Penguin Group],
1999), 134. [Book: Charlotte
Mecklenberg Public Library]
80 674 Crete (1) Arabs launched the "Seven http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Years War" against Byzantium. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
(2) Crete was captured by Arab to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
Muslims in 674 A.D. Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570-
1999], 35.
81 677 Algeria conquered
11
Islam Battles
82 677 Syllaeum (1)Byzantine forces Vs Arab Navy http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
(Europe: Greece) fleet. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
(2)The Arab fleet was defeated, to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
halting Muslim expansion into Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570-
Europe temporarily. 1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
1999], 36.
83 680 Karbala Book: Charlotte Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/I
Mecklenberg Public Dictionary of Islam: Historical Historical Atlas of Islam The Muslim slamic_Books_Megapack/Historical%
Library Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, World. eBook ed. (Farmington Hills, 20Atlas%20of%20the%20Islamic%20
and Movements, No. 37. (The Scarecrow Mich: Cartographica World.pdf
Press, 2001), xxii. [Thomson-Gale], 2005), 38.
84 681 Algeria Muslim Arab forces Vs Byzantine http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
forces. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
Muslim Arab forces undertook a to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
military campaign. Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570-
1999], 37.
85 682 North African Coast By 682 A.D., the last Byzantine http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
forces and outposts fell. Muslim com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference
forces executed battles along the to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa,
North African coast, resulting in Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570-
the occupation of Tangiers, Tripoli, 1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
and Carthage by Muslim forces. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
1999], 37.
86 683 Cyrenaica, Libya Arab forces Vs Kusayla Berber http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim After Ifriqiya fell to the Berbers.
forces. Arabs met Berber resistance com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference Qayrawan became the capital of the
in 'Ifriqiya' ( (North Africa, Egypt & to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Berber State
Sudan) and were forced to retreat Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570-
to Cyrenaica. Ifriqiya fell to the 1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
Berbers. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
1999], 38.
87 683 Al Harrah http://self.gutenberg Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing Press,
.org/articles/Battle_o s.vv., "Battle of Al Harrah", [Article
f_al-Harrah sourced from World Heritage
Encyclopedia] , 2014. Article
ID:WHEBN0020045177.
88 688 Oman Muslim Arab forces Vs Byzantine http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Musl. military commndr: al-Hajjaj ibn
forces. Oman captured. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Yusuf
Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, conquered Oman.
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 39.
89 690 Baghdad Caliph Abd al-Malik Vs a rebellion http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim This was a failed revolt led by a Jew,
led by a Jew, Obadiah. The rebellion com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Obadiah.
failed. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 39.
12
Islam Battles
90 691 Carthage, Tunisia Muslim Arab forces (Commanded http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Arabs captured the city, but were
by Hassan ibn al-Numan) Vs com Diaspora: A Comprehensive repulsed by
Byzantine forces. Carthage is Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Byzantine forces.
captured, then retaken by Africa, Europe, and
Byzantine forces. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 40.
91 692 Sebastopol, Muslim Arab forces Vs Byzantine http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Cecota, Błażej. "Islam, the Arabs http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/b
Cilicia (Also forces (under Emperor Justinian II). com Diaspora: A Comprehensive and Umayyad Rulers According to wmeta1.element.hdl_11089_4270
'Sebastopolis' At the 'Battle of Sebastopolis' Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Theophanes the
Byzantine forces defeated. Africa, Europe, and Confessor’s Chronography."
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Studia Ceranea 2, (2012):
[Jefferson, N. Carolina, 97–111.
1999], 40.
92 692 Ibn al-Zubair's revolt Ibn al-Zubair Vs Abd al-Malik. Ibn http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries The Umayyad Caliphate was split in two
(680-692) Zubair was defeated and killed in dic.nsf/enwiki/16500 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of when Ibn al-Zubair refused to recognize
the battlefield in 692, ending his 32 Wars in the Muslim World,"Ibn al- Caliph Yazid I and declared himself the
long-standing revolt that al-Zubair Zubair's Revolt" "righteous Caliph" of the Hejaz region,
had began after the death of http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/16 southern Arabia, Iraq, parts of Syria, and
Caliph Muawiyah. Ibn al-Zubair 50032 parts of Egypt.
refused to recognize the next
Umayyad Caliph Yazid I.
93 698 697 Carthage Muslim Arabs destroyed Carthage, http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Bartlett, W.B. Islam's War Against the
led by Hasan ibn al-Numan. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Crusaders, eBook edition
Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, (Gloucestershire: The History Press,
Africa, Europe, and [2008] 2013), 25. [eBook: Charlotte
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Mecklenberg Library].
1999], 41
94 700 Sind conquered Sindh was occupied from 713- http://historyofmusli Deshpande, M. D. 'History of Muslim
715. Islam estb'd control in Sindh mattacks.blogspot.co Attacks on India.' Reproduced from
progressively from 700 - 1853. m/2013/02/islam-in- "Gujarat Riots: The True Story" ,
india-history.html [Gurgaon, Partridge Publishers, 2014].
95 708 Sind & Transoxiana Muslim Arab Conquests. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Sind conquered-Lower Indus com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
vallley Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Transoxiana-North East of the Africa, Europe, and
Oxus River the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 42
96 707 704 Bukhara conquered Muslim governor of Khorasan, http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Governor Qutaybah constructed a
Qutyabah ibn Muslim conquered com Diaspora: A Comprehensive mosque in Bukhara, supplanting a
Bukhara and Samarkand. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Buddhist Temple with this mosque.
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 44.
13
Islam Battles
97 711 712 Samarkand conquered Samarkand, an ancient city in http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim The capture of Samarkand allowed
Uzbekistan fell to Arab Muslim com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim forces to easier control of
forces led by Abu Qasim al-Thagafi. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, central Asian regions of Trasoxiana,
Africa, Europe, and Balkh and Bukhara.
1999], 47.
98 717 Constantinople Muslim Arabs, led by Caliph http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim (1)The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/I
Sulayman, laid siege to the city. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: slamic_Books_Megapack/Historical%
Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 134. 20Atlas%20of%20the%20Islamic%20
Africa, Europe, and [Book:Charlottte Mecklenberg Public World.pdf
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Library] (2)Ruthven, Malise and Azim
[Jefferson, N. Carolina, Nanji. Historical Atlas of Islam The
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, Muslim World. eBook ed. (Farmington
1999], 50. Hills, Mich: Cartographica [Thomson-
Gale], 2005), 29 (Map:Expansion of
Islam to 750).
99 711 Spain Muslim Arabs & Berbers Vs the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim CEMB Forum (Council of Ex-Muslims of
(Seige of Cordoba) Visigoths. Muslims landed in com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Britain). Chronological History of Islam.
Gibraltar from Tangier, and Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, https://www.councilofexmuslims.com
captured Cordova and Toledo. Africa, Europe, and /index.php?topic=22184.0
1999], 46.
100 711 Guadalete (Spain) Christian Visigoth Kingdom (King http://gejl.info/articles World eBook Library , s.v."Battle of
(or 712) Roderic) vs Umayyad Muslim /battle_of_guadalete Guadalete" [Article reproduced from
Caliphate. Umayyads won, King World Heritage Encyclopedia], Article
Roderic was killed. ID:WHEBN0000163031
101 711 712 Seville Muslim Moors led by Musa ibn http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Nusair captured Seville. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 48.
102 711 Merida http://citeseerx.ist.ps Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and
u.edu/viewdoc/downl Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from
oad;jsessionid= Antiquity Through the Twenty-First
C82E3FC1C991EFD19 Century. Volume 1
1713019D8CE7B9D? A–E. Westport: Greenwood, 2007),
doi=10.1.1.691.3942 Westport: Greenwood, 2007), 655.
&
rep=rep1&type=pdf
103 711 Seville II
104 713 Coimbra Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing Press,
s.vv., "Battle of Balanjar (723)", [Article
sourced from World Heritage
ID:WHEBN0005353415.
105 714 Murcia
14
Islam Battles
106 714 Santarem
107 714 Zaragoza
108 714 Leon
109 714 Castille
110 714 Oviedo
111 716 Lisbon Arab Moors captured Lisbon. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 49.
112 717 France A Berber-Arab Muslim army led by http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Al-Hurr ibn Abd Al-Rahman al- com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Thaqafi crossed the Pyrenees and Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
raided France. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 50.
113 718 Byzantium Arabs Vs Byzantine forces. Arabs
defeated by an army led by Leo the
Issaurian.
114 718 Narbonne, France
115 718 Beziers, France
116 718 Agde, France
117 718 Lodeve, France
118 719 Maguleonne, France
119 719 Nimes, France
120 720 Sardinia (Italy) Muslim forces invaded Sardinia. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 51.
121 720-721 Narbonne, France Muslim forces take Narbonne. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 50.
15
Islam Battles
122 721 Toulouse (Toulouse I) Toulouse is besieged by an Arab- http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Eggenberger, David. A Dictionary of
berber Army. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles
Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, from 1479 B.C. to the Present. eBook,
Africa, Europe, and Rev. Dover Edition:1985. (New York:
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Dover, 1967), Undet. Page No.
[Jefferson, N. Carolina, [https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/s
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, earch?t=smart&search_category=keywor
1999], 50-51. d&q=Eggenberger&commit=Search]
123 721 Balat, France
124 722 Caesarea conquered
125 722 (or 718) Covadonga https://cmlibrary.bibli Eggenberger, David. A Dictionary of
ocommons.com/searc Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles
h?t=smart&search_cat from 1479 B.C. to the Present. eBook,
egory=keyword&q=Egg Rev. Dover Edition:1985. (New York:
enberger&commit=Sea Dover, 1967), Undet. Page No.
rch
126 723 Nalanjar http://self.gutenberg. Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing Press, Arab Muslims were victorius against the
Balanjar org/articles/Battle_of_ s.vv., "Battle of Balanjar (723)", [Article Khazars.
Balanjar_(723) sourced from World Heritage
ID:WHEBN0005353415.
127 725 Carcasonne,France Muslim Berber-Arab forces http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
conquered Carcasonne. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 51.
128 729 Bhukara Arab forces recaptured http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Bukhara.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 52.
129 730 Marj Ardabil http://worldpubliclibr World eBook Library , s.v."Battle of Marj
ary.com/articles/Battle Ardabil" [Article reproduced from World
_of_Marj_Ardabil Heritage Encyclopedia]
http://worldpubliclibrary.com/articles/Ba
ttle_of_Marj_Ardabil Article
130 730 Gascony
131 Aquitaine, France The Duke of Aquitane was defeated http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim See also, 'the Battle of River Garonne/the
732 by the forces of Abd ar-Rahman as com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Battle of Bordeaux, 730.'
730 he advanced into the Gaul Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
territory. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 53.
16
Islam Battles
132 730 Garoone Umayyad army (led by the Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,
(Also the Battle of River Governor of Al-Andalus, Abdul "Battle of River
Garonne OR the Battle of Rahman Al Ghafiqi) Vs Aquitanian Garonne",https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B
Bordeaux) forces (led by Duke Odo of attle_of_the_River_Garonne
Aquitaine). The Umayyads won this
battle, and looted the
monasteries of northern Aquitaine,
before proceeding towards Tours,
where the town was said to also
have "abundant wealth and
treasures."
133 731 Mosul Khazar Khaganate Vs Umayyad http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Caliphate. dic.nsf/enwiki/26548 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
This battle was the second Khazar- 28 Wars in the Muslim World, "Battle of
Arab War. Mosul",
http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/26
54828
134 730 732 Bordeaux, France Bordeaux was invaded by Muslim http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Jaques, Tony. Jaques, Tony. Dictionary http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/do
forces led by Abd ar-Rahman. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive of Battles and Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 wnload;jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD1
Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Battles from Antiquity Through the 91713019D8CE7B9D?doi=10.1.1.691.3
Africa, Europe, and Twenty-First Century. Volume 1, 942&rep=rep1&type=pdf
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . A–E. Westport: Greenwood, 2007),
[Jefferson, N. Carolina, Westport: Greenwood, 2007), 153.
1999], 52.
135 732 Balanjar Khazar forces Vs Muslim Umayyad Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
forces (led by Prince Maslamah and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
ibm Abd al-Malik); The Muslims Wars in the Muslim World, "Khazar-
were victorious, and advanced Arab Wars:Battle of Balanjar",
towards Samandar. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/26
55077
136 732 Tours European forces (led by Charles http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Muslim Moors invaded S'n France with Cook, David. Understanding Jihad Eggenberger, David. A Dictionary of
Martel) Vs Muslim Moors; Muslim com Diaspora: A Comprehensive an army of 80,000 men at the 'Battle of (Berkeley, University of California Press, Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560
forces (led by Abd ar-Rahman) Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Tours', but were defeated, bringing 2005), 209. [eBook: Charlotte Battles from 1479 B.C. to the
were defeated. Africa, Europe, and Muslim advance into Europe to a stop. Mecklenberg Public Library] Present. eBook, Rev. Dover
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Edition:1985. (New York: Dover,
[Jefferson, N. Carolina, 1967), Undet. Page No.
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.co
1999], 52. m/search?t=smart&search_category
=keyword&q=Eggenberger&commit=S
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137 732 Poitiers Muslims Vs Byzantine Christians http://www.ahandfulo Karsh, Efraim. Islamic Imperialism: A The defeat of the Muslims was decisive Berger, Maurits S. Brief History of Islam Muslims were defeated.
(Charles Martel). fleaves.org/document History. [New Haven, Yale University in preventing the spread of Islam in in Europe : Thirteen Centuries of Creed,
s/Islamic%20Imperiali Press, 2007], 23. Europe. Conflict and Coexistence (Leiden: Leiden
sm_A%20History_2nd University Press, 2014) 58-59. ProQuest
%20Ed_Karsh.pdf eBrary.
138 732 Coasts of Europe Muslim navies raided the coasts of http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Europe, taking women and men as com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
slaves, who were sold in the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
markets of Venice. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 53.
17
Islam Battles
139 736 Montfrin, France Charles Martel Vs Saracens. This https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia _ the Free Encyclopedia,
was four years after the Battle of rg/wiki/Montfrin "Montfrin",
Tours. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montfrin
140 737 Avignon Franks (Charles Martel) Vs 'Arabs', http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries The city of Avignon was occupied by
736 resulting in the Arabs being dic.nsf/enwiki/25008 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of Arabs in 734. In
expelled from the city of Avignon. 47 Wars in the Muslim World, "Untitled",
00847
141 736 Nimes Charles Martel's army Vs Arabs : Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,
Nimes was devasted , and the "Battle of Nimes",
Arabs were driven to Narbonne. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_N
%C3%Aemes
142 736 Aries, France
143 736 Beziers, France See Battle of Nimes. Beziers was https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/736
destroyed after the Franks (under
Charles Martel) failed to capture
Narbonne but devastate most of
the other settlements.
144 737 Narbonne Charles Martel defeated Arab http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Fregosi, Paul. Jihad in the West: Muslim In 737, Charles Martel succesfully
Muslim forces*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Conquests from the 7th to the 21st attacked the Saracen bases north of the
Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Centuries. (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Pyrenees, including Narbonne, Beziers,
Africa, Europe, and Books, 1998), 120. [Book: Charlotte Montpellier, and Nimes. In 739. Martel
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Mecklenberg Public Library]. successfully atacked and captured
[Jefferson, N. Carolina, Marsielle.
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, (Charles Martel was a 'Frank' Mayor in
1999], 54. King Theuderich IV's palace)
145 737 River Berre http://digitalcommon Baker, Patrick S. "Charles Martel Turns
s.apus.edu/cgi/viewco South: The
ntent.cgi?artic Hammer’s Campaigns in
le=1163&context=sab Southern France 733-737." Saber and
erandscroll Scroll 4, no. 3 (2015): 34-54.
146 737 Nimes Book: Charlotte Fregosi, Paul. Jihad in the West: Muslim
Mecklenberg Public Conquests from the 7th to the 21st
Library Centuries. (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus
Books, 1998), 120.
147 737 Avignon Book: Charlotte Fregosi, Paul. Jihad in the West: Muslim Charles Martel sent his brother to
Mecklenberg Public Conquests from the 7th to the 21st Avignon, who laid seige
Library Centuries. (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus to Avignon, putting every one of its
Books, 1998), 120. "Muslim defenders to the sword."
148 739 Galicia
149 739 Egypt Copts rebelled in Egypt.*** http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 56.
18
Islam Battles
150 739 Italy/European Papal Charles martel requested by Pope http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
territories to assist Lombards and Arab com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
forces.*** Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 56.
151 739 (or 740) Akroinon http://www.byzantiu Byzantine Battles, s.vv., "Battle of The Byzantines defeated the Arab
m.xronikon.com/battl Akroinos (Acroinum)" Muslims, in a rare victory. Akroinon or
e.php?byzbat=b8_03 Akroinos in Phrygia, Asia Minor (modern
Afyon , Turkey).
152 740 (or 687) Kufa http://www.islamicwe A Brief Chronology Of Muslim History, Zaydi Revolt
b.com/history/centur svv. "7th Century (600-699) C.E."
y7.htm
153 740 Spain Berbers of Spain rebbelled against http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
the Arabs.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 56.
154 741 Ifriqiya 27,000 Syrian troops were sent to http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
suppress revolts. One third of com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
these were then dispatched to Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Spain. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 56.
155 745 Syria Constantine V invaded Syria to http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
fight against Islamic forces.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 57
156 746-747 Cyprus Muslim Arabs were defeated, and http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
(Constantine V) recaptured Cyprus com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
from Muslim Arabs. A large Muslim Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
fleet was lost in the battle. This Africa, Europe, and
victory assured Christian the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
dominance of the Mediterranean [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
for several decades. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
1999], 58
157 750 Zab, Iraq Abbasids Vs Umayyads. Umayyads http://historiarex.com Historia Rex ,s.vv., "Battle of Zab", Umayyad Caliphate is overthrown; the Eggenberger, David. A Dictionary of Note: Location is given as Zab al Kabir.
(also 'Zab al Kabir') were defeated, & subsequently /e/en/273-battle-of- http://historiarex.com/e/en/273-battle- Abbasids rise to power.. Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles Online Source:
murdered. zab-750 of-zab-750 from 1479 B.C. to the Present. eBook, https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/s
Rev. Dover Edition:1985. (New York: earch?t=smart&search_category=keywor
Dover, 1967), Undet. Page No. d&q=Eggenberger&commit=Search
19
Islam Battles
158 751 Talas Chinese army Vs Arab Muslim http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji.
army. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Historical Atlas of Islam The Muslim
Chinese were defeated, as well as Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, World. eBook ed. (Farmington Hills,
the Turkish Nomads of the Jaxartes Africa, Europe, and Mich: Cartographica [Thomson-Gale],
River. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . 2005), 146. [http://ebooks.rahnuma.org
[Jefferson, N. Carolina, /religion/Islamic_Books_Megapack/Histo
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, rical%20Atlas%20of%20the%20Islamic%
1999], 60. 20World.pdf]
159 755 Pamplona Basque s Vs Arab army sent by the https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,"
last governor of Al-Andalus Yusuf rg/wiki/Pamplona Pamplona",
al Fihri. The Arabs were defeated, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamplona
and Pamplona remained
autonomous until 781.
160 756 Corodoba The Umayyad prince Abd al- http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
(also Cordoba) Rahman, previously exiled under com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
the Abbasid Caliphate, was Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
proclaimed the Emir of Cordoba, as Africa, Europe, and
the only Umayyad escapee from the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
the 750 massacre. Cordoba [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
became the capital of Moorish McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
Spain. 1999], 61.
161 759 Narbonne, France Franks (led by Pepin III) Vs Muslim http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Wikipedia- The Free encyclopedia, "Siege Province of Al-Andalus (led by Yusuf ibn
(Seige of Narbonne, 752- forces (from Provence). The Moors com Diaspora: A Comprehensive of Narbonne Abd al-Rahman & Abd al-Rahman I) &
759) recaptured Narbonne. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, (752–59)", the Emirate of Cordoba Vs The Franks
In 759, there was an expulsion of Africa, Europe, and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_N and the Septimanian Goths (led by Pepin
Arabs from Languedoc. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . arbonne_(752%E2%80%9359) the Short & Ansemund). The Franks were
[Jefferson, N. Carolina, victorious.
1999], 62.
162 763 Beja, Portugal
163 763 Caramona
164 767 Cyrenaica, Libya Cyrenaica was annexed into http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Egyptian territory. There was a Copt com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
rebellion Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 64.
165 771 Ifriqiya Abbasids Vs Berbers. 90,000 http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
troops sent by Caliph. Ifriqiya com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
succesfully recaptured from the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Berbers. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 65.
166 777 Saragossa (Zaragoza) Europeans Vs Spanish https://carm.org/chro Christian Apologetics & Research
Moors.Charlemagne invaded Spain nology-of-early-islam Ministry (CARM).
but was stopped at Saragossa. "Chronology of Early Islam." [Document
prepared by Matt Slick]
https://carm.org/chronology-of-early-
islam
20
Islam Battles
167 778 Anatolia (Germanikeia) Byzantines Vs Arab Muslims. Arabs http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
defeated at Germanikeia and driven com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
out of Anatolia. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 66.
168 779 Zaragoza
169 782 Western Asia Arabs undertook a brief campaign http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
against the Byzantines.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 68.
170 782 Bosporus (Asia) Arab armies advanced to the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Bosporus region.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 68.
171 783 Zaragoza
172 786 Western Asia Byzantines renewed their war http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
against the Arab Muslims. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 69.
173 791 Western Asia Another war broke out between http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Byzantines and the Arab Muslims. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 70.
174 793 Asturias
175 793 Orange
176 798 Lisbon Christians recaptured Lisbon from http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
the Arab Muslims.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 71
177 798 Cordoba
21
Islam Battles
178 799 Merida Merida under Muslim control, but http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
with a high concentration of com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Christians. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 72.
179 800 Toledo
180 800 Saragossa
181 800 Franks secure, France
182 801 Barcelona The Franks (led by Charlemagne's https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,
son Louis) Vs the Moors. The rg/wiki/Marca_Hispani "Marca Hispanica",
Franks recaptured Barcelona ca https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marca_His
securing the borderland between panica.
the Franks and the Moors.
183 801 Merida
184 803 Cyprus A Muslim fleet pillaged Cyprus. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 75
185 807 Rhodes conquered Rhodes was pillaged by Muslim http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
808 troops. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 75
186 811 Rayy This was a war of succession Wikipedia- The Free encyclopedia, "Battle The victorious army was smaller but
fought between the two sons of of Zafar", utilized calvary, while the larger army was
the fifth Abbasid Caliph, Harun al- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_R mostly infantry. The calvary forces
Rashid. The armies of these sons. ayy proved superior due to the structural
Al-Amin & Al-Ma'mun, fought each advantage gained by having smaller
other near Rayy. Results: Al groups of mounted men, including
Ma'mun defeated Al Amin's forces armored spearmen or mounted archers.
decisively, and al-Amin was killed
when Baghdad fell a year later.
187 812 (809-811) Baghdad (Bagdad) http://citeseerx.ist.ps Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and These were Muslim wars
u.edu/viewdoc/downl Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from of succession
oad;jsessionid=C82E3 Antiquity Through the Twenty-First
FC1C991EFD191713 Century. Volume 1
019D8CE7B9D?doi=1 A–E. Westport: Greenwood, 2007),
0.1.1.691.3942&rep= Westport: Greenwood, 2007), 94.
rep1&type=pdf
22
Islam Battles
188 814 Cordova (also Cordoba) After a revolt led by a Berber, 8,000 http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
people were expelled to Morocco. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 77.
189 816 Alexandria Alexandria was seized by 15,000 http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Umayyad (refugees) from Spain com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
(Cordova). Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 78.
190 818 Guadalquivir River
(Spain)
191 822 Spain war The second Umayyad Emir, Abd al- http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Rahman II was installed as the Emir com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
of Cordoba. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 79.
192 823 Crete Crete (Christian territory) was http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim A Muslim state was established by
conquered by the Muslim Arabs. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Andalusian refugees from Cordova, who
Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, had been expelled from Al-Andalus in
Africa, Europe, and 817. They ruled until 961.
1999], 79-80.
193 823 Spain war
194 824 Spain war
195 825 Spain war
196 826 Spain war
197 826-902 Sicily Christians Vs Muslim Arabs. After http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Crete was conquered, the invasion com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
of Sicily began, and was completed Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
by 902 A.D. Sicily remained an Arab Africa, Europe, and
territory until 1092. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 79-80.
198 830 Spain war
23
Islam Battles
199 831 Palermo, Sicily Palermo was conquered by http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Tunisian Arabs. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 80.
200 831 Spain war
201 832 Spain war
202 833 Spain war
203 834 Spain war
204 835 Spain war
205 836 Spain war
206 837 Naples, Italy Arab attackers were fended off.*** http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 82.
207 837 Toledo
208 837 Spain war
209 838 Anzen (or Dazimon, Byzantine empire vs Muslims (led http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
which is Dazmana in by General Al-Afshin). The dic.nsf/enwiki/15137 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
present day Turkey) Byzantines were defeated, by 47 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
during the time of Caliph al- Anzen",http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/en
Mu'tasim. wiki/1513747
210 838 Amorium Byzantine Empire Vs Abbasid Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia. "Sack
Caliphate; The city of Amorium was of Amorium",
razed and the city was taken by the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_A
Abbasid army. morium
211 840 Spain war
212 841 Jerusalem Mosques and churches were http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
raided during a peasant revolt led com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
by Abu Harb. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 83.
213 841 Bari, Puglia Province A Muslim emirate was estb'd in http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
(Western Asia) Bari from 841-871. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 83.
24
Islam Battles
214 842 Constantinople A Muslim navy attacked but it was http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
dispersed by a storm.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 83.
215 842 Spain war
216 846 Rome Rome is raided by Muslim http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Arabs.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 83.
217 849 Provence Provence raided by Arab http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Muslims.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 84.
218 849 Ostia Saracens (from Sicily & Southern http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Italy) Vs a Christian league (Papal,dic.nsf/enwiki/38372 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Neapolitan & Gaetan) ships. The 47 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
Christians were victorious. This Ostia",
was a naval battle , and the record http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/38
was derived from a painting 37247
(commissioned by the Vatican) by
the renaissance artist, Raphael.
According to the painting, the
Arabs ships were destroyed by a
storm.
219 851 Martyrs of Cordoba From 851-859, Christians were http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
widely persecuted and martyred in com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
the Muslim controlled city. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 85.
220 853 Damietta & Chata The Byzantine forces attacked Arab http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
(Ifriqiya) Muslims in Damietta and Chata.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 85.
25
Islam Battles
221 al-Farama (Ifriqiya) Byzantine forces raided al- http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Farama.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 87.
222 865 Morcuera This was a reconquista battle. https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,
Christian forces (the two rg/wiki/Battle_of_the_ "Battle of Morcuera",
Kingdoms of Asturias &Castile) Vs Morcuera https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_t
the Emirate of Cordoba (led by he_Morcuera
Muhammad I of
Córdoba). The Emirate of
Cordoba defeated the Christians,
223 865 Duero See Above (The two names are a bit
similar)
224 866 Ifriqiya Revolts were underway in http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Alexandria & Fayoum com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 88.
225 869-870 Malta Muslim Arabs invaded and http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
conquered Malta.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 89.
226 875 Spain war
227 876 Dair al Aqui Saffarids Vs Abbasids; The Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "
Abbasids won a decisive victory. Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul",
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_D
ayr_al-%27Aqul
228 877 Palestine & Egypt Palestine & Egypt were invaded by http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
an Arab Muslim force led by com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Ahmad ibn Tulun. Akka/Acre was Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
designted as a naval base.*** Africa, Europe, and
1999], 91.
229 878 Jerusalem Jerusalem was brought under the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Cairo caliphate by Ahmad ibn Tulu, com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
and remained so, until the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Ottoman Empire took control in Africa, Europe, and
1516. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 91.
26
Islam Battles
230 878 Syria Syria was conquered by Ahmad ibn http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Tulun.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 91.
231 878 879 Syracuse, Sicily Arabs took Syracuse from the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Byzantines. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 92.
232 878 Valdemora Alfonso III of Asturias defeated the http://www.ranimirum Unknown Author, "Alfonso III of
Muslim armies in the Battle of .com/reconquista/alfo Asturias",
Vademora, near Carbajal, in Leon. nsoIIIAS.htm http://www.ranimirum.com/reconquista/
The deafeated princes of Cordova alfonsoIIIAS.htm
(Al-Mondir & Haxim), offered a
truce and withdrew their troops
from the area in 878.
233 880 Taranto, Europe Byzantine forces retook Taranto. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 92.
234 880 Spain war
235 883 Spain war
236 885 Syria Syria was conquered by http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Khumarawayh com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 92.
237 891 Polei The Emir of Cordoba (Abdullah Ibn https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,
Muhammad) Vs Umar Ibn Hafsun, rg/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_ "Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-
a rival. Ibn Hafsun was defeated Muhammad_al- Umawi",https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab
near the castle of Polei in 891. In Umawi dullah_ibn_Muhammad_al-Umawi
all the conquered cities, Abdullah
then massacred all the Christians,
but pardoned the Muslims.
27
Islam Battles
238 893 Talas, The Samanids led by Isma'il ibn http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Central Asia. Ahmad, successful conquered com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Talas, converting the main Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Nestorian church into a Mosque. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 95.
239 901 Spain war
240 902 Taormina Tunisian Arabs completed their http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
conquest of Sicily from the com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Byzantines Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 98.
241 904 Tripoli Leo of Tripoli (Rashid al Wardami) http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
plundered Tripoli and abducted com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
20,000 peoples to be sold as Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
slaves. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 99.
242 905 Spain Reconquest of Spain by Christians http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
began, and Navarre was made a com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
kingdom. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 99.
243 913 Ecija http://citeseerx.ist.ps Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,
u.edu/viewdoc/downl Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_%
oad;jsessionid=C82E3 Antiquity Through the Twenty-First C3%89cija_(913)
FC1C991EFD191713 Century. Volume 1, A-E. Westport:
019D8CE7B9D?doi=1 Greenwood, 2007), 923.
0.1.1.691.3942&rep=
rep1&type=pdf
244 913 Seville Arabs built a castle " The Alcazar of http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Seville", com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 101.
245 914 North West Recon
246 914 Jaen
247 914 Elvira
248 914 Finana
249 915 Juviles
28
Islam Battles
250 915 Garigliano Arabs Vs Byzantines. Arabs http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
defeated.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 102.
251 915 Valencia
252 917 Leon
253 919 Leon The state of Leon was estb'd in the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Southern region of the Iberian com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
peninsula, ruled by Christian Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Princes, along with the states of Africa, Europe, and
Castille and Navarre. The Northern the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
areas of the Iberian peninsula was [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
ruled by Caliph Abd ar-Rahman III McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
1999], 99.
254 919 Rosetta Fatimid Arab navy Vs Byzantines. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Arabs defeated.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 102.
255 920 Fez, Ifriqiya Fez was conquered.*** http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 103.
256 920 Junquera Emirate of Cordoba Vs Christian Wikand, "Battle of Valdejunquera",
armies of the Kingdom of Leon and https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Battle_of
Navarre; The victory went to the _Valdejunquera
Muslims of Cordoba.
257 920 Pamplona
258 921 (& 935) Sijilmasa, Ifriqiya Sijilmasa was occupied by the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Fatimids for a second time. In 935, com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
the Fatimids made undertook Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
another attack. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 103 & 109.
259 921 Spain war
29
Islam Battles
260 922 Morocco, Ifriqiya Morocco was siezed by the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Fatimids.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 104
261 928 Bobastro In 928, Bobastro was captured by http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim At the height of his power, Umar ibn Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "
the Emir of Cordoba (Abd-ar- com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Hafsun ruled Malaga (Rayyo), Granada Umar ibn Hafsun",
Rahman III). It had been under Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, (Ibiria), and had a alliance with the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_ibn_
Umar ibn Hafsun, a rebel in Africa, Europe, and province of Jaen. Hafsun.
Southern Iberia. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 103
262 930 Oman Oman was conquered by the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Qarmatians.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 107.
263 934 French coast, Genao, & Fatimid raids occurred in these http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Calabria regions.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 108.
264 934 Leon
265 936 Alexandria Berbers captured Alexandria.*** http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 109.
266 937 Leon
30
Islam Battles
267 939 Simancas Christians (King Ramire II of Leon) http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Vs Caliph Abd-ar-Rahman III. The com Diaspora: A Comprehensive King Ramire's army also included troops and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Christian forces defeated the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, from Count Fernan Gonzalez, Navarreses Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
Moorish army. Some Umayyad Africa, Europe, and (under Garcia Sanchez I), and troops Simancas",
troops deserted, and Rahman III the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . from the Kingdom of Asturias. Arab http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/12
was nearly captured. [Jefferson, N. Carolina, witnesses chronicled a fearful eclipse of 52943
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, the sun that occurred on the first day of
1999], 109. battle, and for two days, neither army
made any movement due to the terror of
this eclipseThe battle occurred in the
Iberian Peninsula, and was critical in
deciding the control of the lands of the
Duero.
268 941 Syria Syria was captured by Egypt.** The http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Byzantines recapture Dara, Nisibis, com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
& Aleppo. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 110.
269 942 Mecca & Medina Mecca & Medina were seized by http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
African forces.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 110.
270 943 Western Asia Byzantine forces launched into http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Arab territory to recapture the com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Mandylion, a Christian relic. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 110.
271 944 Western Asia Byzantine forces were defeated by http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Saif al-Dawla.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 110.
272 946 Moroccan Coast The Caliphate of Cordoba seized http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
control of the Moroccan coast. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 111.
31
Islam Battles
273 951 Italy Byzantines Vs Fatimids. The http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Byzantines were defeated in com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Southern Italy. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 112.
274 956 Western Asia The Seljuks, a Turkish tribe were http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
converted to Islam, after their com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
leader 'Seljuk' and the ruling family Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
descended from him were Africa, Europe, and
converted to Islam.*** the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 112.
275 956 Leon
276 959 Zamora
277 960 Transoxiana, Iran, Iraq, & The Seljuk dynasty came to power http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Anatolia in these territories. In 960, a com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
20,000 strong army was Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
converted, without a holy war. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 113
278 960 Oviedo
279 962 Taormina, Sicily The Fatimids conquered Taormina, http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
and renamed it 'Mu'izziya', to com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
honor the reigning Caliph. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 114.
280 964 Cyprus Emperor Nicephorus Phocas http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
(Byzantines) raided Syria and com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
recaptured Cyprus.*** Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 115.
281 965 Cyprus Arabs Vs Byzantines. Byzantine http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
forces recaptured Cyprus. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 115.
32
Islam Battles
282 965 Sicily "Battle of Rometta"-- Byzantines http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Vs Muslims (Kalbites). Byzantines com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
defeated. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 115.
283 966 Spain war
284 969 Asia Minor General John Tzimiskes, after http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
murdering co-emperor com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Nicephorus, became co-emperor Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
and began the reconquest of some Africa, Europe, and
Byzantium provinces in Asia. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 116
285 970 Damascus The Fatimids conquered http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Damascus. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 117.
286 970 Transoxiana The Seljuks infiltrated http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Transoxiana.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 117.
287 973 Fez, Ifriqiya & Morocco Bulukin captured Fez and the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
entire territory of Morocco.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 118
288 974 Navarre
289 975 Syria, Jerusalem, Baghdad Byzantine forces (under John I http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
(Western Asia) Tzimisces) Vs Muslim forces. The com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Byzantine forces drove their armies Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
east & south through Syria, Africa, Europe, and
Jerusalem, and Baghdad. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 119.
33
Islam Battles
290 976 Palestine The Fatimids conquered http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Palestine.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 119.
291 981 Italy Byzantines allied with Arab http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Muslims to fight Roman Emperor com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Otto II, who was viewed by the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Byzantines as an expansionist. Africa, Europe, and
Otto set out into Apulia in the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
Southern italy to fight Arab [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
invaders.*** McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
1999], 121.
292 982 Italy Byzantines troops (led by Emperor http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Basil II) AND Arab Muslims Vs com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Roman Emperor Otto II. Otto was Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
defeated at Crotona, and forced to Africa, Europe, and
escape to Greece. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 121.
293 982 Stilo Saracenes (Kalbid Saracens of http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Sicily) Vs The Lombards of dic.nsf/enwiki/26988 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
southern Italy, who were part of 51 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
the Holy Roman Empire (led by Stilo",
Emperor Otto II). The Saracens http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/26
defeated the Romans. The 98851
Saracens were led by Abu al-Qasim,
the Emir of Sicily.
294 986 Barcelona Muslim forces conquered http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Barcelona.*** com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 122.
295 986 Spain The Christian kingdom of Spain http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
was conquered by Al-Mansur, the com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Emir of Ifriqiya. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 122.
34
Islam Battles
296 987 Anatolia Bardas Phocas and Bardas Skleros, http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Barons of the Muslims took over com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Anatolia. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 122.
297 988 Leon Leon was conquered by Muslim http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
forces. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 123.
298 988 Western Asia The Fatimids completed their http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
conquest of Syria. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 122.
299 989 Anatolia Byzantine Emperor Basill II drafted http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
(Asia Minor) 6,000 Russian troops to defeat com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Bardas Phocas at Abydos in Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Anatolia. The Byzantine forces Africa, Europe, and
won, forcing Bardas Skleros to the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
concede. [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
1999], 123.
300 996 Greece Byzantine Vs Bulgarians (converted http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
to Islam). Byzantine troops led by com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Emperor Basil II recaptured Greece Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
from the Bulgarians. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 125.
301 998 Spain Muslims, led by al-Mansur, http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
destroyed the Shrine of Santiago com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
de Compostela, as they conquered Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Spain. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 125.
35
Islam Battles
302 999 Syria Emperor Basil II defeated Arab http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
troops in Syria, in a counter- com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
defensive response to Muslim Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
attacks on Antioch and Aleppo.*** Africa, Europe, and
1999], 126.
303 1003 Navarre From 1003-1007, the Amirids http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
1002 made successful incursions into com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Navarre, Catalonia, Galicia, and Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Castile. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 128.
304 1004 Barcelona
305 1009 Jerusalem The Church of the Holy Sepulchre http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
was destoyed. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 130.
306 1009 Leon
307 1009 Alcolea
308 1010 Cordoba
309 1013 Cardoba
310 1013 Cordoba The city of Cordoba was ruled Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Seige
Umayyad Caliph , was under seige of Cordoba (1013)",
by a rival army, led by Sulayman ibn https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_C
al-Hakam. Sulayman's forces %C3%B3rdoba_(1013)
sacked the city and massacred, and
Cordoba surrendered in 1013;
many Jews were killed and others
fled.
311 1015 Sardinia (Italy) The Mujahid of Denia (Taifa of http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Denia, Spain) attacked Sardinia. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 131.
312 1016 Cordoba
313 1017 Al-Andalus The Burgundian crusades against http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Al-Andalus began. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 132.
36
Islam Battles
314 1017 Khwarzm, Uzbekistan Khwarzm was conquered by Sultan http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Mahmud of Ghazna. However, com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
local rulers already influenced or Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
converted to Islam. A Muslim Africa, Europe, and
scholar, Abu'l-Rayhan Muhammed the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
al-Buruni served at the court of the [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
local Jurjan ruler. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
1999], 117.
315 1026-1035 Illyrian & Greek coastal The Zirids and Kalbite navies http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
areas combined forces to make com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
incursions into the Illyrian and Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Greek coastal regions. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 134.
316 1035 Castile (Spain) Scores of Jews were killed after the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
royal protection they had received com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
under King Sancho was lifted. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 136.
317 1035 Fez (Morocco) The rulers of Fez were overthrown, http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
and 6000 Jews were slaughtered. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 136.
318 1038 Sicily From 1038-1041 Sicily was http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
attacked by Byzantine and fatimd com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Egypt forces. Eventually peace Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
treaties were established between Africa, Europe, and
the Fatimids and the Byzantines, the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500).
which brought a period of peace. [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
1999], 137.
319 1037 Tamaron Bermudo III of Leon was killed http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
during the 'Battle of Tamaron.' com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 137.
37
Islam Battles
320 1031-1086 Battles of Taifas (Spain) Ummayad dynasty based in http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. The decline of Abd al-Rahman III's
Cordoba, Spain ended in 1031, com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: caliphate culminates into 23 "Taifas"
and was replaced by the kingdoms Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 395. (nations/factions) which are continually
of the "Reyes de Taifas." Africa, Europe, and [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public at war with each other until they are
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Library] reunited under the Almoravid Dynasty of
[Jefferson, N. Carolina, N. Africa in 1086.
1999], 135.
321 1040 Dandanaqan At the Battle of Dandanaqan, the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim CEMB Forum (Council of Ex-Muslims of https://www.councilofexmuslims.com/in
Seljuks defeated the Amir of com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Britain). Chronological dex.php?topic=22184.0
Ghazna (Mas'ud), paving the way Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, History of Islam
for them to invade and conquer Africa, Europe, and
Persia. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 137.
322 1044 Spain war
323 1050 Lorca
324 1051 Spain war
325 1053 Malaga In 1053, after Muhammad I https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
al_Mahdi was assassinated, Idris III rg/wiki/Taifa_of_M%C of Malaga",
al Sami became new ruler of 3%A1laga https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_M
Malaga, but was also assassinated %C3%A1laga
one year later.
326 1053 Niebla The taifa of Niebla was conquered https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
and forcibly brought under the rg/wiki/Taifa_of_Niebl of Niebla",
Taifa of Seville in 1053, all the way a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_Ni
to 1091. ebla
327 1055 Algeciras In 1055, the taifa of Algericas was https://en.m.wikipedia Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
annexed to Sevillle by Yahya al- .org/wiki/Taifa_of_Alge of Algericas",
Mutali. ciras https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_
Algeciras
328 1063 Silves This taifa came under the stronger https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
taifa of Seville (led by Abbad II al- rg/wiki/Taifa_of_Silves of
Mu'tadid) from 1063. Silves",https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa
_of_Silves
329 1063 Graus Ramiro I of Aragon Vs Moorish http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries This was a Reconquista battle.
Spain forces (al-Muktadir King of dic.nsf/enwiki/52365 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Zaragoza, SanchoII, and El Cid). The 7 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
Castillians/Zaragozan army Graus" ,
defeated the Aragon army, and http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/52
King Ramiro was killed in this 3657
Battle.
330 1063 Paterna Kingdom od Leon Vs Taifa of
Valencia; The Leon army defeated
the Taifa of Valencia.
331 1065 Ronda From 1065 - 1091, the taifa of https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
Ronda was subjugated to the rule rg/wiki/Taifa_of_Rond of Ronda",
of Seville, under Abbad II al- a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_Ro
Mu'tadid. nda
38
Islam Battles
332 1066 Granada Muslims rioted against Jews, and http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
many Jews were killed. The com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Muslims were resentful of their Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
prosperity and position. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 145.
333 1067 Turkey/West Asia African mercenaries were http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
massacred by the Turks. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 146.
334 1066 Carmona From 1066 - 1091, the taifa of https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
Carmona was subjugated to the rg/wiki/Taifa_of_Carm of Carmona",
rule of Seville, then taken over by ona https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_Ca
the Amoravids from 1091-1143. rmona
335 1068 Arcos From 1068 - 1091, the taifa of https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
Arcos was subjugated to the rule rg/wiki/Taifa_of_Arcos of Arcos",
of Seville, under Abbad II al- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_Ar
Mu'tadid. cos
336 1070 Cordoba In 1070, Cordoba was captured by https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
the Emir of Seville, Muhammad Ibn rg/wiki/Taifa_of_C%C3 of Cordoba",
Abbad Al Mutamid. %B3rdoba https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_C
%C3%B3rdoba
337 1071 Manzikert Seljuk Turks led by Alp Arslan Vs http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim The defeat of the Byzantines came after Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook] ProQuest ebrary Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical
Byzantines at Manzikert. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive the Byzantines invaded Armenia. (Harpenden, Olcastle Books: Pocket Dictionary of Islam: Histoical
Byzantines were defeated. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Essentials, 2005), 27. Dictionaries of Religions,
Africa, Europe, and Philosophies, And Movements, No.
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . 37. (The Scarecrow Press, 2001),
[Jefferson, N. Carolina, xxix.[Text: Charlotte Mecklenberg
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, Public Library]
1999], 147.
338 1076 Kumbi Almoravids (led by Abu Bakr ibn http://citeseerx.ist.ps Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and
Umar) Vs Empire of Ghana u.edu/viewdoc/downl Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from
(modern Mali & Mauritania). The oad; Antiquity Through the Twenty-First
capital of the Ghana empire, Kumbi Century. Volume 1, A-E. Westport:
was captured. In 1203, Kumbi Greenwood, 2007), 551.
again fell to the Sosso and in 1240, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/do
it was captured and absorbed by wnload;
the Sundiata of Mali. jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD1917130
19D8CE7B9D?
df
339 1077 Ceuta Ceuta and Tangier (North Africa) http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
1078 were captured from Barghwata. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 148.
39
Islam Battles
340 1085 Toledo Spanish Christians (under King doi=10.1.1.691.3942 Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Fried, Johannes. The Middle Ages
Alfonso VI of Castile) Vs Moors. &rep=rep1&type=pdf Diaspora: A Comprehensive Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from [Das Mittelalter, 3rd Edition, 2009] .
Moors were defeated. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Antiquity Through the Twenty-First Translated by Peter Lewis. First ed.
Africa, Europe, and Century. Volume 1, A-E. Westport: (Cambridge, Harvard University Press,
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Greenwood, 2007), 1023. 2015), 186. [Book: Charlotte
[Jefferson, N. Carolina, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/do Mecklenberg Public Library]
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, wnload;jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD1
1999], 150. 91713019D8CE7B9D?doi=10.1.1.691.3
942&rep=rep1&type=pdf
341 1086 Sagrajas/al-Zallaqah Muslims (led by Ibn Tashfin) Vs http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
(Spain) Christian forces. The Christians com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
were defeated. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 150.
342 1094 Badajoz
343 1096 FIRST CRUSADE Western The first crusade began (1096- http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Asia 1099) com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 155.
344 1097 Western Asia Nicaea & Crusaders captured Nicaes & http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Konya Konya com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 155.
345 1097 Myriokephalon Byzantines (led by emperor http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries Crusade
Manuel I Komenos) Vs Seljuk Turks dic.nsf/enwiki/15371 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
(led by the Sultanate of Rum). The 7 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
Seljuks were victorious, albeit that Myriokephalon",http://en.academic.ru/d
it was a defensive, strategic victory. ic.nsf/enwiki/153717
The battle was an unsuccessful
effort to recover inner Anatolia
from the Seljuk Turks.
346 1097 Dorylaeum Book: Charlotte Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Crusade
Mecklenberg Public Authoritative History of the War for the
Library Holy Land. 1 ed. New York:
HarperCollins, 2010), 685. [Book:
Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Library].
40
Islam Battles
347 1097 (or 1098) Antioch Crusaders capture Antioch after a http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook]
long seige. The Turks attacked after com Diaspora: A Comprehensive (Harpenden, Olcastle Books: Pocket
the recapture but were defeated. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Essentials, 2005), 41. [ProQuest eBrary].
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 156.
348 1099 Jerusalem The Crusaders recaptured http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade. Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook] Fried, Johannes. The Middle Ages
Jerusalem after a six-week war.The com Diaspora: A Comprehensive In 1098, Jerusalem was beseiged by the (Harpenden, Olcastle Books: Pocket [Das Mittelalter, 3rd Edition, 2009] .
region was divided into four "Latin Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Fatimids. After Jerusalem was recaptured Essentials, 2005), 46. [ProQuest ebrary] Translated by Peter Lewis. First ed.
states", including Edessa, Antioch, Africa, Europe, and by the Crusaders, the region was divided (Cambridge, Harvard University Press,
Tripoli, and the Kingdom of the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . into four "Latin states", including 2015), 186.
Jerusalem. [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, and the
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, Kingdom of Jerusalem.
1999], 156.
349 1099 Ascalon The Franks Vs Fatimids near the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade
fortress of Ascalon. The Muslims com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
were defeated and dispersed Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
before they could wage a serious Africa, Europe, and
attack. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 156.
350 1101 Ramia Christians (Led by King Baldwin I http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries Crusade
Kingdom of Jerusalem) Vs the dic.nsf/enwiki/15091 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of (Two other battles were fought in Ramia
Fatimids of Egypt ( under Saad el- 18 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of in 1102 & 1105)
Dawleh's command) Ramia",
09118
351 1101 Arcos
352 1102 - 1109 Tripoli The Franks Vs the Banu Ammar http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Emirs of Tripoli (vassal of the com Diaspora: A Comprehensive and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Fatimid caliphs of Cairo). The Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Wars in the Muslim World,"Siege of
Chrisitian crusaders army of Africa, Europe, and Tripoli",
Raymond laid siege to Tripoli, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/17
were eventually victorious and [Jefferson, N. Carolina, 10372
were able to establish a Christian McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
City state in Tripoli. 1999], 159.
353 1104 Harran Baldwin I & Bohemond of Eddessa http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade Defensive Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public
Vs Mawdud of Mosul & Diyar Bakr com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Authoritative History of the Library
(the Artuqites). The Christian were Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, War for the Holy Land. 1 ed. New York:
defeated at Harran. Africa, Europe, and HarperCollins, 2010), 685.
1999], 159.
354 1105 Artah Crusader forces (led by Tancred, http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries Crusade. The city was was divided
Prince of Galillee) Vs the Seljuk dic.nsf/enwiki/15026 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of among the Frank nobles, and proceeded
Turks (led by Fakhr al-Mulk 88 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of to capture several of the Mediterranean
Radwan of Aleppo). The Crusaders Artah", coastal cities, including Sidon in 1111
defeated the Turks, and Prince http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/15 and Tyre in 1124.
Tancred expanded his conquests 02688
to the east of the Orontes River.
41
Islam Battles
355 1108 Ucles Castillians Vs Almoravids. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Castillians were defeated. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 159.
356 1115 Sarmin Seljuk Turks (Army led by Bursuq http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries Crusade Defensive
bin Bursuq of Hamadan) Vs dic.nsf/enwiki/15180 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Christians (Principality fo Antioch, 30 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
Edessa County). The Christian army Sarmin",
was led by Prince Roger of Salerno, http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/15
and gained victory aided paricularly 18030
by taking the opposing army by
surprise,spying , and
reinforcements from King Baldwin
I of Jerusalem.
357 1119 Ager Sanguinis The Principality of Antioch (led by http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries Crusade Defensive
Roger of Salerno" Vs Muslims dic.nsf/enwiki/16155 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of This battle was also known as the "Battle
Ortoqids of Aleppo (Syria) (forces 0 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of of the Field of Blood" or the "Battle of
led by Ilghazi of Mardin). The Ager Sanguinis", Sarmada."
Muslims defeated the Crusaders. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/16
1550
358 1121 Didgori Kingdom of Georgis Vs Seljuq http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Turks (coalition). The battle dic.nsf/enwiki/77760 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
resulted in a vistory for King David 7 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
IV of Georgia, and the reconquest Didgori",
of Tbilisi from the Muslims, which http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/77
became the royal capital. 7607
359 1125 Azaz Kingdom of Jerusalem (Principality http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries Crusade Defensive
of Antioch) Vs Seljuq Turks. The dic.nsf/enwiki/22648 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Crusaders were victorious, even 3 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
though their army was Azaz",
outnumbered. King Baldwin II led http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/22
this battle allowing the Crusaders 6483
to regain the influence they had
previously lost.
360 1126 Marj es Suffar Crusaders (led by King Baldwin II of http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries Crusade Defensive
Jerusalem) Vs the Seljuk Emirate of dic.nsf/enwiki/15161 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Damascus. The Crusaders 48 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
succeeded, but were unable to Marj es Suffar",
capture Damascus, which was a http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/15
key goal of this battle. 16148
42
Islam Battles
361 1139 Ourique A Portuguese army led by Alfonso http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Henriques Vs Moors. Moors are com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
defeated. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 160.
362 1143 Arcos
363 1144 Edessa Crusaders Vs. Muslims (led by http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade Defensive Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook]
Imad al-Din Zangi). Edessa was com Diaspora: A Comprehensive (Harpenden, Olcastle Books: Pocket
taken from the Crusaders leading Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Essentials, 2005), 40 & 135. [ProQuest
to the call for another crusade Africa, Europe, and eBrary]
(2nd Crusade). the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 171.
364 1145 Granada
365 1145 Jaen The taifa of Jaen was established https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
by the Moors in 1145, and it rg/wiki/Taifa_of_Ja%C of Jaen",
lasted until 1168. The taifa 3%A9n https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_Ja
included Muslims, Jews, and %C3%A9n
Christians.
366 1147 Lisbon Moors Vs Christians (Alfonso I of http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries This was a Reconquista battle. This battle
(Second Crusade) Portugal). The Portuguese defeated dic.nsf/enwiki/95332 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of was critical to the wider Reconquista,
the Moors. 0 Wars in the Muslim World," Siege of and was one of the only Christian
Lisbon", victories of the the second crusade.
3320
367 1147 2nd CRUSADE Two kings Vs Muslims (led by http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade The German and French forces failed to
Dorylaeum & Laodicaea Mas'ud I), were each defeated. King com Diaspora: A Comprehensive cooperate, and thus the 2nd crusade
(Asia Minor) Louis VII of France was defeated at Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, was rendered unsuccessful
Laodicaea, and Emperor Conrad III Africa, Europe, and
of Germany was defeated at the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
Dorylaeum). [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
1999], 172.
368 1147 (or 1048) Lisbon Recon Book: Charlotte The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages .
Mecklenberg Public Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York:
Library Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 358.
369 1147 Almeria Almeria was siezed by a combined http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
force from Castile, Aragon, Pisa, com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
and Genoa, led by Alfonso VII of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Castile. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 172.
43
Islam Battles
370 1148 Damascus The second crusade was stopped http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Failed crusade battle. Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The
at Damascus. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Authoritative History of the War for the
Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Holy Land. 1 ed. New York:
Africa, Europe, and HarperCollins, 2010), 685. [Book:
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Library]
1999], 172.
371 1149 Corfu (Europe) Mercenaries recaptured Corfu for http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
the Byzantines. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 173.
372 1149 Inab Book: Charlotte Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Crusade
Mecklenberg Public Authoritative History of the
Library War for the Holy Land. 1 ed. New York:
HarperCollins, 2010), 685.
373 1150 Carmona
374 1150 Badajoz This taifa was established by the https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
Moors in 1009, after the Caliphate rg/wiki/Taifa_of_Badaj of Badajoz",
of Cordoba fragmented. It was oz https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_Ba
conqured by the Almohads in dajoz
1150.
375 1151 Guadix
376 1153 Ascalon/Ashkelon Islamic Fatimids Vs Christians http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The
(A port city in Palestine) (Baldwin III) The Christians com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Authoritative History of the War for the
captured Ascalon from the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Holy Land. 1 ed. New York:
Fatimids, but at the end of the Africa, Europe, and HarperCollins, 2010), 685. [Book:
second crusade, Ascalon was the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Library].
recaptured. [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
1999], 174.
377 1164 Harim Almaric I (Successor to Baldwin III, http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade Defensive Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The
his brother) conceded in Bilbao, com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Authoritative History of the War for the
and harim was taken by Nur al-Din Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Holy Land. 1 ed. New York:
(Muslims). Africa, Europe, and HarperCollins, 2010), 685. [Book:
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Library].
1999], 177.
378 1167 Al Babein Christian (led by Amalric King of http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries Crusade Defensive
Jerusalem) Vs the Zengids of Syria. dic.nsf/enwiki/15224 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
The battle resulted in a draw. 17 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of al-
Babein",
22417
44
Islam Battles
379 1172 Murcia Abu Ya'qub Vs Ibn Mardanish http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
(Spanish: Rey Lobo). Ibn com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Mardanish was defeated. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 180.
380 1176 Myriokephalon Byzantine Empire (led by Manuel I http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Komnenos ) Vs the Seljuk Turks dic.nsf/enwiki/15371 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
(Kilij Arslan II). The Seljuq Turks 7 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
were victorious, and this battle Myriokephalon",
became the final yet unsuccessful http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/15
effort by the Byzantine forces to 3717
recapture the interior of Anatolia
(Turkey) from the Seljuq Turks.
381 1177 Mont Gisard/ Mont Saladin Vs Baldwin IV of Jerusalem. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade Defensive Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The
Giscard Saladin was defeated at Mont com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Authoritative History of the War for the
Giscard/Ramleh. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Holy Land . 1 ed. New York:
Africa, Europe, and HarperCollins, 2010), 685. [Book:
1999], 182.
382 1179 Jacob's Ford Kingdom of Jerusalem (led by King http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries Crusade Defensive. This battle consisted
Baldwin IV) Vs the Sultan of Egypt, dic.nsf/enwiki/15025 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of of a seige the Castle of Chastellet at
Saladin and a large Muslim force. 18 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of jacob's ford, which was in the process of
The Muslim army, led by Saladin Jacob's Ford", construction to protect Jerusalem from
defeated the Crusaders and killed http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/15 a Northern invasion. Many scholars
700 knights, architects, and 02518 blame the takeover of the Jerusalem in
construction workers, and 800 1187, on this Muslim victory at Jacob's
others were taken captive. Ford in 1179, after almost 100 years of
Christian rule of the Holy City.
383 1183 Kerak Saladinn (Muslims) Vs Christian https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia Crusade Defensive
crusaders (King Baldwin IV, and rg/wiki/Siege_of_Kerak "Siege of Kerak"
Raynald of Chatillon). The Christian https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Ke
crusaders won the battle, as the rak
Mulism withdrew for strategic
reasons.
384 1184 Santarem Kingdoms of Portugal & Leon http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia ,"Siege
(Alfonso I of Ptgl & Ferdinand II of com Diaspora: A Comprehensive of Santarem (1184)",
Leon) Vs the Almohad Empire (led Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Sa
by Aby Yaqub Yusuf). A siege was Africa, Europe, and ntar%C3%A9m_(1184)
laid against Santarem ,which failed, the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
and the Christian forces won a [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
decisive victory. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
1999], 184.
45
Islam Battles
385 1187 Cresson Muslims (led by Al-Afdal ibn Salah https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia Crusade Defensive. This clash of armies
al-din) Vs Christian crusaders rg/wiki/Battle_of_Cres "Battle of Kerak" was a prelude to the "Battle of Hattin",
(Templars, Hospitalers, and other son https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_C where Christians were soundly defeated
crusader entities). The Christians resson and Jerusalem was captured by the
were greatly outnumbered and Muslims.
were defeated and only a few
fighters survived. The Christian
leaders were disunirted and
fighting among themselves during
the course of this battle.
386 1187 Hattin/'Hittin' CrusadersVs Salah al-Din. The http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook] Crusade Defensive The Middle Ages: An Encyclopdia for
Crusaders were defeated at the com Diaspora: A Comprehensive (Harpenden, Oldcastle Books: Pocket (Christians defeated, Jerusalem Students (Vol. 2). William Chester
Battle of the Hittin/Battle of the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Essentials, 2005), 136.[ProQuest captured.Battle of "Hittin", was fought Jordan, Ed., for the American Council
Horn of Hittin Africa, Europe, and eBrary]. at the foot of a hill called Qurun Hittin of Learned Societies (New York,
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [the Horns of Hittin]) Charles Scribner's Sons [Simon &
[Jefferson, N. Carolina, Schuster Macmillan], 1996), 216.
1999], 185.
387 1187 Jerusalem conquered Saladin Vs Crusaders. Saladin http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Jerusalem was recaptured from the Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Paine, Michael. The Crusades
recaptured Jerusalem, provoking com Diaspora: A Comprehensive crusaders by Sultan Saladin, provoking Authoritative History of the War for the [eBook] (Harpenden, Oldcastle
the call for a 3rd crusade. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, the 3rd crusade. Holy Land. 1 ed. New York: Books: Pocket Essentials, 2005), 136.
Africa, Europe, and HarperCollins, 2010), 686. [Book: [Source: Online ProQuest ebrary]
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Library]
1999], 185.
388 1189 Acre/'Akka' Acre under Seige by the Crusaders. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Crusade Defensive; Siege laid by Guy of
The Seige continued for two years com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Authoritative History of the War for the Lusignan
until the city was captured in Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Holy Land. 1 ed. New York:
1191. Africa, Europe, and HarperCollins, 2010), 686. [Book:
1999], 187.
389 1191 3rd CRUSADE Richard I, King of England, http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
embarked on the 3rd crusade. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 187.
390 1191 Acre/Akko (a port city) Europeans Vs Muslims. Europeans http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Richard I, King of England joined the
recaptured Acre in 1191. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive seige of Acre when he began the 3rd
Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, crusade, and played a major role in
Africa, Europe, and capturing Acre.
1999], 186.
46
Islam Battles
391 1191 Arsuf Saladin Vs Christians (led by http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade Defensive Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The
Richard I, King of England). Saladin com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Authoritative History of the War for the
was defeated. Richard then led the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Holy Land. 1 ed. New York:
crusaders within a few miles of Africa, Europe, and HarperCollins, 2010), 686. [Book:
Jerusalem. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Library].
1999], 187.
392 1191 to Jaffa 1191:Europeans Vs Muslims. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade Defensive Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook]
1192 Europeans recaptured Jaffa. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive (Harpenden, Oldcastle Books: Pocket
1192:'Richard the Lionheart' Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Essentials, 2005), 136. [ProQuest
defeated Salah al-Din at Jaffa. Africa, Europe, and eBrary]
1999], 186-7.
393 1195 Alarcos/'al-Arak' Abu Yusuf Ya'qub Vs Christian http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and
Castillians. The Christians were com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from
defeated. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Antiquity Through the Twenty-First
Africa, Europe, and Century. Westport: Greenwood, 2007),
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . 19.
[Jefferson, N. Carolina, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/do
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, wnload;jsessionid=C82E3FC1C
1999], 187. 991EFD191713019D8CE7B9D?doi=10.
1.1.691.3942&rep=rep1&type=pdf
394 1202 4th CRUSADE The 4th crusade was underway http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
from 1202-1204. The crusade was com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
concluded with the conquest of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Constantinople by the Latin Africa, Europe, and
Christians. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 193.
395 1203 Basian Kingdom of Georgia Vs the Seljuq http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Sultanate of Rüm dic.nsf/enwiki/74639 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
(Sultan: Rukn ad-Din 7 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
Süleymanshah II). The Christians Basian",
were victorious, allowing Georgia http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/74
to safeguard it's southwestern 6397
region.
396 1204 Byzantium Byzantium was captured by the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Crusaders, who then established a com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Latin empire. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
195.
47
Islam Battles
397 1204 Constantinople 1. Constantinople was conquered http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
by the Crusaders. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
2.The Crusaders also set the Jewish Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
quarter on fire. Africa, Europe, and
195.
398 1212 Las Navas de Tolosa Almohads (the Moors) Vs http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa led to The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. The Almohads are defeated by Christian Paine, Michael. The Crusades
(Also the Battle of Al- Christian Spaniards (Led by com Diaspora: A Comprehensive the defeated Moors's withdrawal from Al- Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: forces from Castile, Navarre, and Aragon [eBook] (Harpenden, Oldcastle
Uqab) Alfonso III of Castile). The Moors Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Andalus in 1225.This Battle was decisive Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 395. at this decisive battle of Las N.D. Tolosa. Books: Pocket Essentials, 2005), 136.
were defeated. This Battle was Africa, Europe, and in leading to the capture of the other [Book:Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Only Granada remained under the Arabs
decisive in breaking the power of the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . great cities of Spain such as Seville, Library] out of the 23 "Taifas" in Southern Iberia.
the Almohads in Spain. [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Cordoba, leaving only a small territory in
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, Sn Spain in Muslim hands, along with
1999], 198-199. Granada.
399 1217 Alcacer do Sal The King of Portugal, Afonso o http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Gordo defeated the Moors at com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Alcacer do Sal. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
201.
400 1217 5th CRUSADE The focus of the 5th crusade was http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
(or 1218) Egypt. The crusade was led by Jean com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
de Brienne, but was largely Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
unsuccessful. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 201.
401 1218 Damietta (Egypt) Damietta was beseiged, an in the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook]
5th crusade (1217-1221), com Diaspora: A Comprehensive (Harpenden, Oldcastle Books: Pocket
Damietta was briefly held by Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Essentials, 2005), 136. [ProQuest
Christians, but soon gave the city Africa, Europe, and eBrary].
up for a truce. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 201.
402 1219 Sicily There was a Muslim rebellion. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Africa, Europe, and
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500).
1999], 202.
48
Islam Battles
403 1221 Pamphylia The Seljuks began their conquest http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
of eastern Pamphylia (Asia Minor). com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 202.
404 1224 Sicily A Muslim rebellion in Sicily was http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
crushed, and the Muslims were com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
banished from the island to Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Lucera, in mainland Italy. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 202.
405 1225 Crimea The Seljuks attacked Crimea http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
(Sudaq), which became a Seljuk com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
protectorate until 1239. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 203.
406 1226 Baeza In a civil war to establish http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
succession among the Almohads, com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Al-Bayyasi, the Almohad Governor Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
of Cordoba proclaimed his Africa, Europe, and
independence and rulership over the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
BAEZA, Cordoba, Jaen, and [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
Quesada. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
1999], 203.
407 1227 Denia The taifa of Denia was established https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
after the Cordoba Caliphate rg/wiki/Taifa_of_D%C3 of Denia",
collapsed, in 1010, and lasted until %A9nia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_D
1227, when it was conquered by %C3%A9nia
Aragon (?).
408 1228 6th CRUSADE Frederick II of Hhenstaufen, the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
King of Sicily, led this crusade. This com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
crusade resulted in a treaty Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
bringing Jerusalem and other holy Africa, Europe, and
land cities under Christian rule for the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
10 years. [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
1999], 205.
409 1229 Balearic Islands Aragon conquered the Balearic http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
islands. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 206.
49
Islam Battles
410 1231 Merida Alfonso IX of Leon Vs Ibn Hud. Ibn http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Hud was defeated. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 207.
411 1231 Jerez Moors (led by Abu Jafar Ibn Hud) http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Vs Christians (Castilian forces, dic.nsf/enwiki/15056 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Spain). The Castillans won this 93 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
battle. Jerez",
05693
412 1232 Valencia From 1232-1245, James I, Book: Charlotte The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages .
(1232-1245) conqueror of Aragon and Catalonia Mecklenberg Public Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York:
siezed the Valencia Islands. He Library Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 358.
forst attacked in 1225.
413 1236 Andalusia (and Cordoba) Ferdinand III of Castile, aided by http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
the Nasrids, conquered Andalusia. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Cordoba was conquered as well, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
and the Great mosque of Cordoba Africa, Europe, and
was converted into a cathedral. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 209.
414 1236 Cadiz
415 1236 Ceuta The taifa of Ceuta was invaded by https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
the Almohad Empire in 1236. rg/wiki/Taifa_of_D%C3 of Ceuta",
%A9nia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_D
%C3%A9nia
416 1236 Cordoba After the Battle of Las Navas de http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Tolosa, Christians controlled most com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
of Spain. In Cordoba, the Great Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Mosque of Cordoba was Africa, Europe, and
converted into a cathedral. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
Ferdinand III of Castile led the [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
Spanish Christians to conquer McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
Andalusia. 1999], 209.
417 1238 Valencia The Kingdom of Valencia was https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia,
created in 1238, as a result of the rg/wiki/Kingdom_of_V "Kingdom of Valencia",
Reconquista when the Moorish alencia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_o
taifa of Valencia was captured. It f_Valencia
became a separate entity but still
under the Spanish monarchy.
418 1240 Holy Land (Crusade) Richar Cornwall & Simon de
Montfort led a crusade to the Holy
Land.
419 1240 Kirina The King of Sosso (West Africa) , http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Sumanguru Kanté dic.nsf/enwiki/10380 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Vs the Mandinka prince, Sundiata 87 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
Keita (Muslim forces) Kirina",
38087
50
Islam Battles
420 1240 Orihuela The taifa is reported to be in https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
existence from 1239 to 1249. rg/wiki/Taifa_of_Orihu of Orihuela",
ela https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_Or
ihuela
421 1244 Jerusalem Muslim Turkish mercenaries of http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Egypt recaptured Jerusalem. This com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
prompted calls for the 7th Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Crusade. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 212.
422 1244 Arjona Castillian forces captured Arjona http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
(Spain), but a Castile-Aragon treaty com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
was necessitated to divide Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
conqured lands. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 213.
423 1244 La Forbie Book: Charlotte Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The
Meckl. Publ. Libr. Authoritative History of the ..
War for the Holy Land. 1 ed. New York:
HarperCollins, 2010), 686.
424 1248 Seville A two-year siege ended, and Seville http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
surrendered to a Christian army com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
(led by Ferdinand III of Castile). The Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Muslims fled to Granada and Africa, Europe, and
Tunis. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 215.
425 1249 7th CRUSADE Louis IX of France led this crusade, http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
which focused on Egypt. This com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
crusade resulted in the capture of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Damietta, and a march on Cairo, Africa, Europe, and
but the crusaders were met by the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
opposing forces before reaching [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
Mansura, and the crusade was McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
again, largely unsuccessful, 1999], 215.
prompting the Christians to accept
this failure as a critical reality
check.
426 1249 Garoone
427 1250 Al Mansurah Crusaders led by Louis IX of France http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade
Vs Muslim Egyptian forces, fought com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
at the Battle of Fariskur. Crusaders Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
were massacred Louis IX was Africa, Europe, and
captured and released later after the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
terms were negotiated and met. [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
1999], 215.
51
Islam Battles
428 1250 Fariskur Battle of Fariskur' (See above 1250- http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade
Al Mansurah) com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 215.
429 1254 Sijilmasa The Marinids captured Sijilmasa http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
and other towns. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 217.
430 1259 or 1260) Ain Jalut Mongols Vs. 'Mameluks' & http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. Ain Jalut , Syria;Mamluks defeat the
'Baybars', where the Mongols were com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Historical Atlas of Islam Mongols.
defeated at the Battle of Ayn Jalut, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, The Muslim World. eBook ed.
a location north of Jerusalem. Africa, Europe, and (Farmington Hills, Mich: Cartographica
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Thomson-Gale], 2005), 196.
[Jefferson, N. Carolina, http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Isla
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, mic_
1999], 219. Books_Megapack/Historical%20Atlas%2
0of%20the%20Islamic%20World.pdf
431 1262 Niebla The taifa of Niebla was established https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
in 1023. In 1262, the taifa was rg/wiki/Taifa_of_Niebl of Niebla",
conquered and absorbed by the a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_Ni
kingdom of Castile. ebla
432 1265 Lorca

433 1266 Murcia From 1266, the taifa of Murcia was https://es.wikipedia.or Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
incorporated into the kingdom of g/wiki/Taifa_de_Murci de Murcia",
Castile. a https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_de_M
urcia
434 1268 Jaffa & Antioch The Mameluke Sultan Baybars http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
captured Antioch and Jaffa. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 223.
435 1268 Antioch Jaffa & Antioch were captured by http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook]
the 'Mameluke Sultan Baybars.' com Diaspora: A Comprehensive (Harpenden, Oldcastle Books: Pocket
Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Essentials, 2005), 137. [Site:ProQuest
Africa, Europe, and ebrary].
1999], 222.
52
Islam Battles
436 1269 8th CRUSADE The 8th crusade was directed http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
against Carthage (Tunis), and was com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
led by Loius IX, King of France. His Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
death in Tunis from the plague, Africa, Europe, and
and his army was also suffering the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
from disease and heat. This [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
crusade did not stop Muslims McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
advancing in the Holy Lan, and 1999], 223.
they continued to gain territory in
the Holy Land. In retrospect, the
crusades did not achieve their
goals, i.e. to establish and keep
control of the Holy Land.
437 1275 Spain The Marinids invaded Spain in http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
1275 & 1277, and these com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
incursions were undertaken to Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
support the Nasrids counter the Africa, Europe, and
Reconquista. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 227.
438 1277 Spain 1. The Marinids launched another http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
incursion into Spain com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
2. The Moors battled Aragon (led Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
by Pedro III of Aragon) in Africa, Europe, and
Andalusia. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 228.
439 1287 Menorca The taifa of Menorca was https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa
established in 1228, but it was rg/wiki/Taifa_of_Meno of
conquered by the kingdom of rca Menorca",https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T
Aragon in 1287. aifa_of_Menorca
440 1291 Spain The Marinids launched a 5th http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
incursion into Spain. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 233.
441 1291 Acre Mamelukes Vs. Christians Acre was http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Crusade The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages .
captured by the Mamelukes. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York:
Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 334.
Africa, Europe, and [.Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Library].
1999], 233.
53
Islam Battles
442 1300 Castile (Spain) The Nasrids attacked Castile, http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Alcuadeta and Campina, and com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
proceeded till the outskirts of Jaen. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 237.
443 1306 Ceuta A civil war;The Nasrids captured http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
1305 Ceuta from the Banu al-Azafi. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 240.
444 1306 England & France 1. Thousands of Jews were http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
expelled from England com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
2. Approximately 100,000 Jews Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
were arrested, robbed, and Africa, Europe, and
expelled from France. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 240.
445 1307 Ceuta
446 1309 Ceuta Ceuta was captured by the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Marinids from the the Nasrids. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 240.
447 1312 Alcuadeta 1. Alcuadeta came under control of http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
the Castille. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
2. The regions of Algericas & Ronda Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
were restored to the control of Africa, Europe, and
Granada. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
1999], 242.
448 1316 Ceuta Yahya ibn Afzi proclaimed the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
1314 independence of Ceuta from the com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Marinids. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 244.
54
Islam Battles
449 1316 Guadix An attack against Guadix was http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
launched by the Castillians. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 244.
450 1319 Granada An unsuccessful attack against http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Granada was launched by the com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Castillians. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 245.
451 1322 Lajazzo (port in Little The Mamelukes pillaged Lajazzo, a http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Armenia) trading port used by spice and silk com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
merchants from Genoa and Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Venetians. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 245.
452 1327 Ceuta
453 1329 Maltepe (Pelekanon) The Ottomans defeated the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Byzantines at the Battle of com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Maltepe. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 249
454 1331 Nicaea Nicaea (Iznik) was captured by the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Ottomans. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 248.
455 1340 Rio Salado (Spain) Spaniards Vs. Marinids & Nasrids. http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and On 30th Oct, 1340, Alfonso XI of
The Spaniards defeated the Nasrid- com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Castile, supported by Alfonso IV of
Marinid alliance. During a second Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Antiquity Through the Twenty-First Portugal led a Christian army against a
encounter, the alliance beseiged Africa, Europe, and Century. Westport: Greenwood, 2007), large Muslim offensive in southern
Tarifa, near Rio Salado. At the Battle the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . 856. spain, led by Nasrid Emir Yusuf I of
of Rio Salado , Muslim forces were [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Granada who was aided by troops from
defeated summarily, hence their McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, Morocco to besiege
attack on mainland Spain was 1999], 253. Tarifa, on the Strait of Gibraltar. Alfonso
repulsed. XI of Castile
attacked from the west at the Rio
Salado, and was vitorious against the
Muslim advance.
55
Islam Battles
456 1353-1356 1. Gallipoli 1. Between 1353 & 1356, Ottoman http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
2.Ankara forces captured Gallipoli com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
3. Eastern Thrace 2. Ankara was captured by Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Ottoman forces as well. Africa, Europe, and
3. After capturing Gallipoli, the the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
Ottomans marched into eastern [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
Thrace and captured several towns McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
there. 1999], 260.
457 1356 Poitiers The 'Battle of Poitiers' was fought http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
in 1356. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 261.
458 1360 Adrianople Adrianople was captured by the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Ottomans. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 262
459 1371 Samako (Southeastern The Bulgarians and Serbs were http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Europe) defeated at the Battle of Samako. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 266.
460 1371 Maritsa Ottomans Vs. Bulgarian & http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Macedonian Byzantine forces. At com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
the Battle of Chernomen, the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Ottomans captured Bulgaria and Africa, Europe, and
Macedonia, which resulted in the the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
Byzantine Empire acknowledging [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
Ottoman suzerainty. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
1999], 266.
461 1387 Ceuta
462 1389 Kosovo Ottoman forces (led by Murad I) http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim The defeat by the Ottomans resulted in Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. The Encyclopedia of the Middle
(First Battle) Vs. the Serbians empire (i.e., a com Diaspora: A Comprehensive the break up of the Serbian empire's Historical Atlas of Islam The Muslim Ages . Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed.,
coalition of Serbs, Albanians, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, coalition. World. eBook ed. (Farmington Hills, (New York: Viking [Penguin Group],
Wallachians, & Bosnians). The Africa, Europe, and Mich: Cartographica [Thomson-Gale], 1999), 275. [Text: Charlotte
Serbian empire was defeated. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . 2005), 196. Mecklenberg Public Library]
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, mic_Books_Megapack/Historical%20Atla
1999], 272. s%20of%20the%20Islamic%20World.pd
f
56
Islam Battles
463 1395 Rovine The Wallachian Empire Vs the http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Ottoman Empire. The Wallachians dic.nsf/enwiki/92318 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
secured a tactical victory. 7 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
Rovine",
3187
464 1395 Terek River The North Caucasus Golden Horde http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
(led by Tokhtamysh) Vs. the dic.nsf/enwiki/48852 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Tamerian Empire ( led by Timur). 33 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
The Timur army was victorious, as a Terek River",
result of some defections of http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/48
forced from the Golden Horde side 85233
to the Timur side.
465 1396 Nicopolis Crusaders (led by Sigmund King of http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Crusade:Christians defeated by the
Hungary) Vs Ottomans. The two com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: Ottomans.Crusader army is defeated at
sites each had nearly 20,000 Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 334. Nicopolis by Sultan (Ottoman) Beyezid I
troops. They clashed at Nicopolis, Africa, Europe, and [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Yildrin (p.72).
where the crusaders were defeated. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Library].
This enabled the Ottomans to [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
coccupy and control Bulgaria fully. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
1999], 275.
466 1399 Vorskla River The Tartars led by Temur Kutlugh http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries This battle was a serious defeated for the
and Edigu supported by dic.nsf/enwiki/66577 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of Christians, and it was reported that "the
TamerlaneVs Christian forces from 1 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Christian blood had flown like a water,
Lithuania, Poland, & Moldavia (led Vorskla River", up to the Kievan walls"
by the Grand Duke Vytautas & http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/66
Tokhtamysh). The battle was a 5771
decisive victory for the Tartars, and
the city of Kiev was besieged.
467 1402 Ankara Timur (from Tranxosiana) Vs. the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Ottoman Caliph Beyezid captured by
Ottomans (led by Sultan Bajazet). com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: Saladin.
Timur defeated the Ottomans, with Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 334.
an army 800,000 strong, Africa, Europe, and [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public
compared Bajzet's 120,000 the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Library].
soldiers. [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
1999], 279.
468 1443 Petrela
469 1444 Stelluzi
470 1444 Torvioll League of Lezhe (led by This Battle opened up Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "
Skanderbeg, Vrana Konti, & hamza 25 years of war Battle of Torvioll",
Kastrioti) Vs the Ottoman Empire between Albania and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_T
(led by Ali Pasha sent by Murad II); the Ottoman Empire. orvioll
This battle was won by the
Albanian League of Lezhe.
471 1444 Sfetigrad See Below (Battle of Svetigrad
[1448])
57
Islam Battles
472 1444 Varna The Battle of Varna was fought http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
between the Ottomans (led by com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Sultan Murad II) and a coalition of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
Polish, Wallachian, Hungarian Africa, Europe, and
forces and a Venetian fleet. The the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
Christian army was defeated by the [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
Ottomans. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers,
1999], 304.
473 1446 Drin
474 1448 Kosovo Ottomans (led by Sultan Murad II) http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . This Battle was fought between Murad II,
(Second Battle) vs a Serbian-Hungarian army (led com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: Beyezid's son, against the Hungarian
by Jamos Hunyady). The Christians Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 275 & Army, aided by German mercenaries.
were defeated. Africa, Europe, and 334. [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Bosnia remained as part of the Ottoman
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Public Library]. empire until 1878 when the empire
[Jefferson, N. Carolina, collapsed.
1999], 306.
475 1448 Svetigrad League of Lezhe (led by Peter Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Siege
Perlati & Skanderbeg) Vs the of Svetigrad [1448]),
Ottoman Empire (led by Murad II); https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Sv
This battle was won by Ottomans. etigrad_(1448).
476 1448 Oranik League of Lezhe (Albanians, led by Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,
Oronik Skanderbeg) Vs the Ottoman "Battle of Oranik [1448]",
Empire (led by Mustafa Pasha); https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_O
This battle was won by League of ranik_(1448).
Lezhe.
477 1450 Kruje (Kruja) Ottoman empire (led by Murad II & https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia
Prince Mehmed) Vs Albanians (Led rg/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj% "Siege of Kruje (1450",
by Skanderbeg & Vrani Konti, & C3%AB_(1450) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Kr
the League of Lezhe army). The uj%C3%AB_(1450)
Albanian army attacked the
Ottoman camps & supplies, and
were eventually victorious. The
Ottoman siege at the castle of
Kruje was lifted, and the Ottoman
army retreated.
478 1453 Polog The "Battle of Polog" in 1453, was during which Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "
between the League of Lezhe (led Skanderbeg Battle of Polog",
by Skanderbeg) and the Ottoman challenged Ibrahim to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_P
Empire (led by Ibrahim Pasha). The a duel and beheaded olog.
League of Lezhe won this battle. Ibrahim, placed his
head on a pike, which
prompted the Turkish
troops to flee when
they learned of the
event.
479 1453 Constantinople The final seige of Constantinople http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Cook, David. Understanding Jihad
began com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: (Berkeley, University of California
Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 134. Press, 2005), 209.
Africa, Europe, and [Text: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public
the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . Library]
1999], 309.
58
Islam Battles
480 1455 Berat The "siege of Berat" in 1455 was Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "
between the League of Lezhe (led Siege of Berat",
by Gjergj Arianit Komneni, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Be
Muzaka Thopia, Vrana Konti & rat_(1455).
Skanderbeg) Vs the Ottoman
Empire (led by Issa Beg Evrenoz).
The Ottomans won this battle.
481 1456 Athens Ottoman Turks Vs. (Christian) http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Greece. The Ottomans successfully com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
conquered Athens and started Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
ruling Greece. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 312.
482 1456 Belgrade Ottoman Turks (led by Sultan http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim An Ottoman fleet was destroyed; after
Muhammed II) Vs Christians (led com Diaspora: A Comprehensive the Ottomans were defeated at Belgrade,
by Janos Hunyady of Hungary). Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, they withdrew to Istanbul. The seige on
Ottoman Turks were defeated at Africa, Europe, and Belgrade failed, the Ottomans retreated
Belgrade, Yugoslavia. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . to Bulgaria, then to Istanbul.
1999], 312-313.
483 1457 Albulena League of Lezhe (Albanians, led by Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,
Skanderbeg) Vs the Ottoman "Battle of Albulena",
Empire (led by Isak Bey Evrenoz & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_A
Hamza Kastrioti); This battle was lbulena.
won by League of Lezhe.
484 1462 Night Attack-Wallachia Turks Vs. Wallachians (led by Vlad http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
[Dracula], along the Danube River. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Vlad massacred 20,000 Turks, by Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
impaling many of them. Africa, Europe, and
1999], 315.
485 1462 Battle of Mokra Skanderbeg's Army Vs the Ottoman The 1st Battle of Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,
(Also the Second Battle Empire. The location of the battle Mokra occurred in "Battle of Mokra",
of Mokra) was in Northeastern Albania, and 1445, between the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_
Mokrena Dibra resulted in an Albanian victory. Albanian league and Mokra_(July_1462).
the Ottoman Empire,
and also resulted in
an Albanian victory.
https://en.wikipedia.o
rg/wiki/Battle_of_Mok
ra_(1445).
486 1462 Lower Dibra
487 1462 Pollog 1
488 1462 Pollog 2
489 1464 Oher
490 1465 Kurmaniv
59
Islam Battles
491 1466 Kruje (Kruja), Albania Ottoman Empire Vs Albanian & https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Siege
Venetian forces (League of Lezhe & rg/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj% of Kruje (1466-67)",
the Republic of Venice). The C3%AB_(1466%E2%8 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Kr
Ottomans were defeated, and 0%9367) uj%C3%AB_(1466%E2%80%9367)
withdrew their army from Albania.
However, this was not a permanent
victory for the Albanian-Venetian
forces.
492 1467 Kruje (Kruja), Albania See Above "Siege of Kruje (1466-
1467)
493 1467 Herzegovina Herzegovina was conquered by http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Ottoman Turks. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 318.
494 1475 Vaslui Moldavia (now in Romania) (led by http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries This battle is also called the "Battle of
Stephen III of Moldavia) Vs dic.nsf/enwiki/12622 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of Podul Înalt" or the "Battle of
Ottoman Turks ( led by 98 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Racova." This defeat was one of the
Hadân Suleiman Pasha). Vaslui", greatest against Islam, if not the greatest,
Although the account shows the http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/12 with regard to the number of casualties
Moldavian side was outnumbered 62298 inflicted on the Ottomans.
several times, they defeated the
Ottoman army, with nearly 40,000
dead Ottoman troops.
495 1475 Crimea Crimea came under control of the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 323.
496 1480 Otranto (Southern Italy) The Ottoman Turks captuterd http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Otranto. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 325.
497 1480 Rhodes Muhammed II failed to capture http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Rhodes. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 325.
60
Islam Battles
498 1481 Zahara Christian forces captured the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
castle of Zahara. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 326.
499 1482 Granada Civil war (1482-1484): Abu al- http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Hasan Vs. Abu 'Abd Allah com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Muhammad (Baobdil). Granada Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia,
was under the control of Muslims, Africa, Europe, and
ruled by Abu al-Hasan. Baobdil the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) .
seized power to rule over Granada. [Jefferson, N. Carolina,
1999], 327.
500 1491 Granada Castillian forces launched a military http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
campaign against Granada. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 326.
501 1492 Granada Nasrids (Moors) Vs.Castile (Ruled http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji.
by Isabella & Aragon Ferdinand). com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Historical Atlas of Islam The Muslim
The Moors were defeated, which Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, World. eBook ed. (Farmington Hills,
completed the reconquista of Africa, Europe, and Mich: Cartographica [Thomson-Gale],
Spain by Christian forces. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . 2005), 358.
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, mic_Books_Megapack/Historical%20Atla
1999], 332. s%20of%20the%20Islamic%20World.pd
f
502 1499 Zonchio (First Battle of The Kingdom of Venice (led by http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries This battle also known as the "Battle of
Lepanto) Antonio Grimani)Vs the Ottoman dic.nsf/enwiki/15092 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of Sapienza" or the "First Battle of
empire (Led by Kemal Reis). The 62 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Lepanto", and was the first naval battle
Venetians were defeated. Zonchio", to utilize cannons.
09262
503 1499 Montenegro Montenegro was captured by the http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim
Africa, Europe, and
1999], 340.
504 1500 Modon (2nd battle of Ottoman Empire (led by Admiral https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia
Lepanto) Kemal Reis) Vs the Republic of rg/wiki/Battle_of_Mod "Battle of Modon (1500)",
Venice. The Venetian fleet was on_(1500) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_
defeated near the island of Corfu, Modon_(1500)
and the fortress of Modon was
captured.
61
Islam Battles
505 1512 Ghazdewan Mughal army ( led by Babur) Vs. https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia
Uzbek tribes from Central Asia. The rg/wiki/Battle_of_Gha "Battle of Ghazdewan",
Mughal army was defeated. zdewan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_G
hazdewan
506 1514 Chaldiran Ottoman Empire Vs the Safavids http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia
(Iranians). The Ottomans were dic.nsf/enwiki/50287 "Battle of Chaldiran",
victorious, which was most likely 7 Bajaur"http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/en
by virtue of having a larger and wiki/502877
better equipped army.
507 1519 Bajaur Mughal Empire the Bajaur https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia
Sultanate(Pashtun tribes). The rg/wiki/Battle_of_Baja "Battle of Bajaur",
Mughal Empire won a decisive ur https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_B
victory under Zahir ud-Din ajaur
Muhammad and Babur
508 1522 Rhodes Ottoman Turks Vs a combined http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia
European army; The Ottomans dic.nsf/enwiki/36235 "Battle of Rhodes",
conqured Rhodes, but had lost 43 http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/36
about half of their forces. 23543
509 1525 (?1526) Mohacs Book: Charlotte The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Suleyman I , sultan of the Ottoman
Mecklenberg Public Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: empire
Library Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 398. (1520-1566), embarked on a military
campaign in 1561, when he captured
Belgrade. Hungarian King Louis III was
killed in 1526 during the Battle of the
Mohacs.
510 1526 Sambhal The Mughal Empire Vs the Western Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "
Afghan Confederates. The battle Siege of Sambhal",
occurred in Sambhal, in Uttar https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Sa
Pradesh, India. The Mughals mbhal
captured the city, defeating the
Afghan confederates.
511 1527 Khanwa Majority (Muslim and Persian) https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia The Mughal army was smaller but not as
Mughal forces Vs Rajput forces rg/wiki/Battle_of_Kha "Battle of Khanwa" skilled, with a .
(included 12,000 Muslim Rajputs). nwa https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_K
The Mughal army defeated the hanwa
Rajput army.
512 1529 Ghaghra Mughal empire Vs Eastern Afghan https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia There was a peace settlement with the
confederates (led by the Sultan of rg/wiki/Battle_of_Gha "Battle of Ghaghra" Sultan of Bengal.
Benghal). The Mughal army ghra https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_G
defeated the Eastern Afghan haghra
combined army.
513 1529 Vienna Ottoman empire (Including troops https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji.
Moldavia & renegades from Serbia) rg/wiki/Siege_of_Vienn "Battle of Vienna" Historical Atlas of Islam The Muslim
Vs A league of European kingdoms a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Vi World. eBook ed. (Farmington Hills,
including the Roman empire, enna Mich: Cartographica
Bohemia, Spain, & the Rhinish [Thomson-Gale], 2005),197.
Palatinate. The Christian European http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Isla
coalition won a decisive victory. mic_Books_Megapack/Historical%20Atla
s%20of%20the%20Islamic%20World.pd
f
514 1538 Preveza Ottoman Empire Vs European army https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia The configuration of the Ottoman fleet
(Venitian, Spanish, Portuguese, rg/wiki/Battle_of_Prev "Battle of Preveza" was superior, while the commanders of
and others). The European army eza https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_P the European army were hesitant and
was defeated. reveza less skilled in tactical maneuvering.
62
Islam Battles
515 1552 Eger The battle centered around the https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia The Hungarians won this battle, on the
Castle of Eger in the northern part rg/wiki/Siege_of_Eger_ "Ottoman Wars in Europe: Siege of Eger strength of Dobo's leadership, as well as
of the Hungarian kingdom. (1552) (1552)" harsh weather. The Ottomans had
Ottoman Empire (Led by Kara https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Eg significant in-fighting among their
Ahmed Pasha) Vs Hungarian army er_(1552) leaders, bu they also ran out of gun
(led by Istvan Dobo). The powder for a period of time.
Hungarians won the battle.
516 1556 Panipat Mughal Empire (led by Zahir al-Din https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia Source for this article: Davis, Paul K.
Muhammad Babur, the ruler of rg/wiki/Battle_of_Pani "Battle of Panipat" (1999). "100 Decisive Battle: From
Kabul) Vs Delhi Sultanate (led by pat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_P Ancient Times to the Present", Oxford
Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi). This battle anipat University Press.
was a decisive victory for the
Mughal army. The battle was
fought for the control of Northern
India.
517 1560 Djerba Book: Charlotte Crowley, Roger. Empires of the Sea: The
Mecklenberg Public Siege of Malta, the
Library Battle of Lepanto, and the Contest for
the Center of the World (New York:
Random House, 2008), 80-85.
518 1565 Malta Book: Charlotte Crowley, Roger. Empires of the Sea: The
Mecklenberg Public Siege of Malta, the
Library Battle of Lepanto, and the Contest for
the Center of the World (New York:
Random House, 2008), xx* & 173-
187.(*Map:'The Siege of Malta-May to
September 1565').
519 1566 Szigetvar Hungarian Monarchy (Under the https://www.warhisto Dzhak, Yulia (2016). War History Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia. This battle/ Siege lasted for about 4
Habsburg Monarch, i.e. Holy ryonline.com/ancient- Online:“The Battle That Saved The "Siege of Szigetvar", weeks, and the Christians were greatly
Roman Emperor Maximillian III ) Vs. history/battle-saved- Civilization” – Szigetvár, 1566 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Sz outnumbered. Regardless of the defeat
Ottomans (led by Sultan Suleiman civilization-szigetvar- igetv%C3%A1r of the Christian/European forces by
the Magnificent). The Ottomans 1566.html Ottoman forces, the prolonged
won this battle. resistance of this battle, delayed
Ottoman advancement to Vienna.
520 1571 Lepanto Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. Ottoman navy defeated by a
Historical Atlas of Islam The Muslim Venetian-Habsburg coalition.
World. eBook ed. (Farmington Hills,
Mich: Cartographica [Thomson-Gale],
2005), 86.
http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Isla
mic_Books_Megapack/Historical%20Atla
s%20of%20the%20Islamic%20World.pd
f
521 1572 Molodi Russia (Under 'Ivan the Terrible') https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia The Ottoman Sultan (via the Crimean
Vs Crimea ( Under the Ottoman rg/wiki/Battle_of_Mol "Battle of Molodi" vassal Khan) was roundly defeated, and
vassal, Khan). The Russians odi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_ forced to give up any ambitions of
defeated the Crimeans. Molodi northward expansion into Russia
"forever", having lost 25,000-27,000
during the battle, which was actually a
third incursion into Russia.
63
Islam Battles
522 1575 Tukaroi Mughal empire (Muslims) Vs https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia
Bengal (Muslims-Sultanate of rg/wiki/Battle_of_Tuka "Battle of Tukaroi"
'Bangala' & Bihar). Mughals roi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_T
defeated the Bengalis, which the to ukaroi
the establishment of Mughal rule
in Bengal in the 16th century.
523 1576 Haldighati Mughal empire (Muslims) Vs the https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia
Kingdom of Mewar (non-Muslim rg/wiki/Battle_of_Hald "Battle of Haldighati"
Indians, Afghans, and Bhil ighati https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_H
tribesmen). The Mughals were aldighati
defeated, though they were later
able to capture several forts from
the Indians.
524 1578 Alcacer Quibir The Ottomans (Sultan of https://en.wikipedia.o https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_A
Morocco)Vs Portuguese (assisted rg/wiki/Battle_of_Alc% lc%C3%A1cer_Quibir
by Castillians, Germans C3%A1cer_Quibir
mercenaries, and Moorish allies).
The Portuguese army and their
allies were defeated decisively.
525 1590 Tondibi Ottomans (Sultan of Morocco) Vs https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia
Songhai empire (also Muslims). rg/wiki/Battle_of_Ton "Battle of Tondobi"
The Songhai army was defeated, dibi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_T
leading to the collapse of the ondibi
Songhai empire.
526 1595 Calugareni Romanian Army (Region of https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia Michael the Brave was greatly
Wallachia), led by Michael the rg/wiki/Battle_of_C%C "Battle of Calugareni" outnumbered (< 20,000 Vs 100,000
Brave Vs the Ottomans (led by 4%83lug%C4%83reni https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_C ottoman troops), but his strategic
Sinan Pasha). The Romanians %C4%83lug%C4%83reni maneuvres allowed him to benefit from
defeated the Ottomans. reinforcements by the Transylvanian
prince Sigismund
Báthory (7,500 cavalry troops), 1500
troops from Habsburg, and 300 from
Toscana.
527 1596 Keresztes A combined Transylvanian- https://en.wikipedia.o Wikepedia- Free Encyclopedia The Christian force was led by Archduke
Austrian force (plus troops from rg/wiki/Battle_of_Kere "Battle of Keresztes" Maxmillian of Austria III & Prince
other Christian European regions) sztes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_K Sigismund Bathory of Transylvania.
Vs Ottoman empire led by Sultan eresztes
Mehmed III. The Ottoman force
won this battle.
528 1621 Chocim Polish-Lithuanian coalition Vs the http://en.academic.ru/ Wikepedia- Free Encyclopedia
(Also:"Battle of Khotyn") Ottoman Empire. The Polish- dic.nsf/enwiki/67180 "Battle of Khotyn (1621)"
Lithuanian forces won a decisive 95 http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/67
victory. 18095
529 1664 St. Gotthard Ottoman empire Vs . "League of https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia. This battle was fought on the banks of
the Rhine", including France, the rg/wiki/Battle_of_Saint "Battle of Saint Gotthard" the River Raba, near the monastery of
Roman Empire, and Piedmont- _Gotthard_(1664) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_S Saint Gotthard The Crimean Khanate,
Savoy. The European league aint_Gotthard_(1664) Moldavia, and Wallachia fought for the
defeated the Ottoman empire Ottoman empire, as they were under the
decisively. control of the Ottoman empire.This
battle achieved (a) it stopped the
Ottoman invasion of Austria, and (b)
paved the way for a truce that allowed
for Astria to gain the military capacity to
begin the liberation of Hungary in 1683.
64
Islam Battles
530 1673 Chocim Polish-Lithuanian common forces http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries This battle led to the signing of the peace
(Also:"Battle of Khotyn") (led by Jan Sobieski) Vs. Ottoman dic.nsf/enwiki/67181 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of treaty of Buczacz.
Empire. The Ottoman forces were 43 Wars in the Muslim World, "Battle of
defeated, and later Jan Sobieski Khotyn",
became the King of Poland. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/67
18143
531 1675 Lwow Polish-Lithuanian forces (led by http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Polish King JohSobieski III) Vs dic.nsf/enwiki/51947 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Ottoman empire (led by Ibrahim 5 Wars in the Muslim World, "Battle of
Shyshman [Abraham the Fat]). Lwow", Retrieved from
Polish-Lithuanian army was http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/51
victorious. 9475
532 1683 Vienna Cook, David. Understanding Jihad
(Berkeley, University of California Press,
2005), 209.
533 1685 Neuhausel Charles V of Lorraine Vs Bohemian http://citeseerx.ist.ps Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and
troops at the fortress of u.edu/viewdoc/downl Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from
Neuhausel. The fortress was oad; Antiquity Through the Twenty-First
besieged by Austrian Field Marshal Century. Volume 1, A-E. Westport:
Aeneas Caprara, and after defeating Greenwood, 2007), 454.
a relief army at Gran, Charles http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/do
captured Neuhausel, killing most wnload;
of the garrison occupants. jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD1917130
19D8CE7B9D?
df
534 1697 Zenta advanced to besiege jsessionid=C82E3FC1 Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
C991EFD191713019 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
D8CE7B9D? Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
Zenta",
08641
535 1716 Petrovaradin Austrians (led by Eugene of Savoy) doi=10.1.1.691.3942 Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Vs the Ottoman empire. The &rep=rep1&type=pdf and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Austrians defeated the Ottomans, Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
leading to a treaty signing between Petrovaradin",
the Ottomans and Austria (with http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/13
Venice). 46626
536 1739 Stavuchany Russian army (led by Field Marshal http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Burkhard Christoph von Munnich) dic.nsf/enwiki/32653 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Vs Turkish armies (led by Serasker 28 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
Veli-Pasha). The Russians won, Stavuchany",
but later had to sign a treaty. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/32
65328
537 1770 Larga The Battle of Larga was part of the Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia, "Battle
Russo-Turkish war of 1768-1774. of Larga",
Russian empire Vs Ottoman Empire https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_L
. The Russians were victorious arga
despite having a larger army, on the
account of having more guns, and
33 Turkish cannons were captured,
along with a vast enemy camp. This
battle was followed by the battle of
Kagul.
65
Islam Battles
538 1770 Kagul The Battle of Kagul was part of the Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia, "Battle
(Also 'Cahul') Russo-Turkish war of 1768-1774. of Kagul",
Russian empire Vs Ottoman Empire https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_K
& the Crimean Khanate. The result agul
was a decisive Russian victory. This
was the largest battle of this war.
539 1770 Chesma Russians (led by Count Alexey http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Orlov & a British advisor) Vs dic.nsf/enwiki/52642 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Ottoman Empire (Kapudan Pasha 4 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
Hüsameddin). The Ottoman Chesma",
Turks were defeated, and most of http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/52
their naval fleet was destroyed. 6424
540 1784 Morocco United States Vs Morocco. The Lawrence A. Peskin, (2017). Oxford US Ship
(Barbary War) Moroccans captured an American Research Encyclopedias.
Ship 'Betsy', bu the matter was America’s Interactions with Islam
quickly resolved, and a peace treaty and Judaism in North
was installed between the US and Africa,http://religion.oxfordre.com/view/
Morocco in 1786. 10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001
.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-399
541 1785 Algeria United States Vs Algeria. Two Lawrence A. Peskin, (2017). Oxford US
American ships were caputured Research Encyclopedias.
(Dauphin & Maria). Their crews America’s Interactions with Islam
were enslaved, and a diplomatic and Judaism in North
dispute ensued, that continued for Africa,http://religion.oxfordre.com/view/
12 years. 10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001
.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-400
542 1795 Krtsanisi Persian empire (Muslims) Vs http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries The Persian ruler Agha Mohammad Khan
Tbilisi Georgian forces. The Georgian dic.nsf/enwiki/63221 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of Qajar was provoked to fight the
forces were defeated and the city 9 Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of King of Georgia, Heraclius II, because
of Tbilisi was destroyed. Krtsanisi", he had made an alliance with
http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/63 the Russian Empire.
2219
543 1800s Fumbina Modibo Adama's army ( furthered https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia, The Adamawa Emirate did not last after
colonisation by Fulani Empire) Vs rg/wiki/Modibo_Adam "Modiba Adama", Adama's death in 1847. Adama reigned
village settlements and states in a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modibo_A form 1806-1847.
the region of Fumbina, which is dama
located present day Cameroon and
Nigeria. Adama waged many Jihad
wars, and succeeded in
establishing an empire, known as
the Adamawa Emirate.
544 1801 Tripoli United States Vs Barbary pirates Office of the State Historian, Dept of
(1801-1805) sponsored by a collection of North State, " Barbary Wars, 1801-1805 and
African States (led by the Pasha of 1815 -1816.
Tripoli, Yusuf Qaramanli). The https://history.state.gov/milestones/180
United States defeated the Pasha's 1-1829/barbary-wars.
forces, and a treaty was concluded
in 1805.
66
Islam Battles
545 1803 USS Philadelphia United States Vs Arabs (Tripoli). Capture of the Frigate USS Philadelphia
During a blockade of Tripoli in the 31 October 1803: Selected Naval
first babry war, the USS Documents,
Philadelphia was captured after it https://www.history.navy.mil/research/li
ran aground near Tripoli. The ship brary/online-reading-room/title-list-
was captured and crew taken as alphabetically/c/capture-of-the-frigate-
slaves. The US destoyed the ship in uss-philadelphia.html, (Published:Tue
1804. This event signified an Arab Mar 31 15:24:48 EDT 2015)
victory.
546 1804 (1803-4) Tripoli See above - Tripoli , 1801-1805 [1803-4) Jaq, p1038]
547 1804 Tsuntua The Hausa city-state of Gobir Vs a Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, Nigeria/Cameroon Encyclopedia Britannica"Usman dan Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "
jihadist Fulani army assembled by "Gobir", Fodio: Fulani Battle of Tsuntua",
Usman dan Fodio's army, a Fulani https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobir Leader",https://www.britannica.com/bio https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_o
Islamic REFORMER, previously graphy/Usman-dan-Fodio#ref246912 f_Tsuntua
exiled by the Gobir rulers though
the Hausa kingdom was also
Islamic.The Fulani army lost the
"Battle of Tsuntua", but Gobir, and
several other Hausa states were
eventually captured by Usman Dan
Fodio's arm, under the Sokoto
Caliphate.
548 1804 Serbian Revolt Serbian nationalists Vs the New World Encyclopedia, "Serbian
Ottoman Empire. Serbia was Revolution",
emancipated, but it was not until http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/e
1878 that the Ottoman Empire ntry/Serbian_revolution
officially recognized Serbia's
independence.
549 1805 Derna United States marines (plus Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, Barbary war
Dema muslim mercenaries and other "Battle of Derna",
soldiers) Vs the Eyalet of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_D
Tripolitania (Arabs in Derna, Libya). erna_(1805)
This was part of the first babary
war. The American side won this
battle.
550 1805 Cuprija, Serbia This war is also known as "the https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, " This battle marked the first defeat of an
Battle of Ivankovac", and was the rg/wiki/Battle_of_Ivan Battle of Ivankovac", Ottoman army unit by Serbian
first major conflict between kovac https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Iv revolutionaries.
Serbian nationalist revolutionaries ankovac
and the Ottoman Empire. The
Serbians defeated the Ottomans,
near the town of Cuprija, at the
village of Ivankovac.
551 1808 Alkalawa Uthman ibn Fudi (from the Fulani http://citeseerx.ist.ps Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Nigeria/Cameroon
1806 tribe) Vs. the Kingdom of Gobir. u.edu/viewdoc/downl Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from
The Fulani Empire defeated the oad; Antiquity Through the Twenty-First
Emir of Gobir; Uthman also Century. Volume 1, A-E. Westport:
defeated other major rulers of Greenwood, 2007), 35.
Hausaland, to establish the new http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/do
Sokoto Empire (under wnload;
Mohammudu Bello). This war was jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD1917130
a Jihad to estab. Islam east of the 19D8CE7B9D?
River Niger. doi=10.1.1.691.3942&rep=rep1&type=p
df
67
Islam Battles
552 1812 Aslanduz Russia Vs Persians. The Russians jsessionid=C82E3FC1 Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
were led by General Pyotr C991EFD191713019 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Kotlyarevsky, but they won the D8CE7B9D? Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of
war, even though the were Aslanduz",http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/
outnumbered by the Persians. enwiki/1590005
553 1813 Otto Crush Serb See Above, 1804 " Serbian Revolt"
This war was part of the first
Serbian-Ottoman war, 1804-1813
554 1815-1816 Algiers, Tunis, & Tripoli The United States Vs Algeria. Dey However, Dey Omar Office of the State Historian, Dept of
Omar, the ruler of Algiers conceded reneged on the treaty State, " Barbary Wars, 1801-1805 and
to the greater US force, and a negotiated by 1815 -1816.
treaty was negotiated. Omar also Commodore Stephen https://history.state.gov/milestones/180
called for an exchange of Decatur (ratified the 1-1829/barbary-wars.
prisoners. Dey Omar also accepted treaty on Dec 15,
the ending of all ransom and 1815), and another
tribute practices. United States one was negotiated
Commodore Stephen Decatur then after Omar was faced
sailed to Tunis and Tripoli and with battle against an
negotiated similar treaties. even bigger US naval
squadron. The treaty
was negotiated on
Dec 23, 1815, but
was ratified in Feb,
1822 after an
accidental
congressional
oversight.
555 1815 Sec. Serb Uprising Serbian nationalist revolutionaries https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,
Vs the Ottoman Empire. In 1813, rg/wiki/Second_Serbia "Second Serbian Uprising",
Serbia was re-annexed into the n_Uprising https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Ser
Ottoman Empire. The second bian_Uprising.
revolution gave Serbia more
independence, allowing it to exisst
as the 'Principality of Serbia',
governed by its own parliament ,
constitution, and royalty.
556 1815 Meshuda Ship United States Vs Algerian forces https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,
(Also (Second Babary War). The rg/wiki/Mashouda "Mashouda",
Mashuda/Mashouda) American forces captured a fleet of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashouda
Algerian naval vessels, called the
Mashouda or Mashuda. The battle
resulted in a decisive win for the
American forces.
557 1821 Greek revolt Greeks Vs Ottoman Turks http://www.islamlaws. Armstrong, Karen. Islam: A Short Greeks fight for independence against
com/wp- History . (New York, The Modern Library the
content/uploads/201 [Random House], 2002), xxvii. Ottomans
4/10/Islam-A-Short-
History-Karen-
Armstrong.pdf
68
Islam Battles
558 1825 Egypt invades Greece This is also called "the Battle of https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,
Sphacteria", which was fought rg/wiki/Battle_of_Spha "Battle of Sphacteria",
between Greece and (Ottoman) cteria_(1825) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_S
Egypt, at Sphacteria, Greece. The phacteria_(1825).
Egyptian navy, led by Ibrahim
Pasha, attacked the Greek islands
of Paliokastro & Spachteria. The
Ottoman Egyptian forces
overwhelmed the Greek forces, by
way of more soldiers, and a bigger
naval fleet, numbering 34 ships.
559 1853 Sinope (or Sinop) Russian Empire Vs Ottoman https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "The
Empire. The Russians won. A rg/wiki/Battle_of_Sino Battle of Sinop",
squadron of Ottoman ships was p https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Si
attacked by Russian warships, and nop
defeated. This was part of the
Crimean War, and the last major
battle between naval ship fleets.
560 1860 Lebanon This was a civil war which started in https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - - The Free Encyclopedia, " †The Druze follow a religion that initially
Mount Lebanon, between peasant, rg/wiki/1860_Mount_ 1860 Mount Lebanon Civil War", developed out of Ismaili Islam.
Maronite Christians and Druze Lebanon_civil_war https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_Mou https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druze
Arabs (overlords, panreligionist), nt_Lebanon_civil_war †This Druze military victory led to an
culminating in a massacre in international outcry, and an intervention
Damascus, where Druze fought in by European forces led by the French
a joint army with Turkish soldiers army.
from the Ottoman Empire, & Sunni
Muslim paramilitary groups.
20,000 Christians, including
American and Dutch consuls, were
killed by the Druze, and many
churches and Christian villages
were destroyed.
561 1875 Herzegovina This was an uprising by the rebels https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,
(1875 - 1877) of Bosnia against the Ottoman rg/wiki/Herzegovina_u "Herzegovina Uprising (1875-77),
Empire. On the Bosnian side, the prising_(1875%E2%8 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herzegovin
forces were drawn from the 0%9377) a_uprising_(1875%E2%80%9377)
Principality of Montenegro & the
Principality of Serbia. This uprising
led to a series of events, and to the
Great eastern Crisis, and the Berlin
Congress in 1878, which gave
Montenegro and Serbia
independence, while Bosnia-
Herzegovina remained an Austro-
Hungary occupied , de jure
Ottoman territory.
69
Islam Battles
562 1876 Bulgaria Bulgaria revolutionaries Vs the https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free encyclopedia, "April The Ottoman forces perpetrated many
(Bulgeria) Ottoman Empire. This was an rg/wiki/April_Uprising Uprising", atrocities, which resulted in a European
uprising in Ottoman empire, in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_Uprisi outcry
Bulgaria. The Ottomans defeated ng
and suppressed this rebellion,
which contributed to the Russo-
Turkish war of 1877-1878.
Bulgaria gained independence in
1878. Although the April uprising
failed, due to the publicity given to
theharsh reprisals by the Ottoman
empire, several vents that followed
led to Bulgaria gained
independence. Europe called for a
reformation of the Ottoman
Empire.
563 1876 Batak, Bulgeria See Above
564 1876 Serbian revolt Principality of Serbia Vs Ottoman https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - - The Free Encyclopedia, "
Empire. This was part of the Serbia- rg/wiki/Serbian%E2%8 Serbian-Ottoman War (1876-1878).
Ottoman War of 1876 - 1878. The 0%93Ottoman_War_(
Serbians won the battles, and 1876%E2%80%93187
liberated many towns, one by one. 8)
Eventually most of the South
Morava basin was captured by the
Royal Serbian Army.
565 1876 Montenegro Montenegro Vs the Ottoman https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,
Empire. The Montenegro forces rg/wiki/Montenegrin% "Montenegrin - Ottoman War",
defeated the Ottomans, leading to E2%80%93Ottoman_ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegri
the signing of the Treaty of San War_(1876%E2%80% n%E2%80%93
Stefano and the Treaty of Berlin. 9378) Ottoman_War_(1876%E2%80%9378)
This uprising led to the de facto
independence of Montenegro.
566 1877 Aladja Dagh Russians (Grand Duke Michaell & http://citeseerx.ist.ps Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and
Russo-Turkish wars Gen. Mikhail Loris-Melikov) Vs. u.edu/viewdoc/downl Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from
Turks (led by Ahmed Mukhtar oad; Antiquity Through the Twenty-First
Pasha). The Russians defeated the Century. Volume 1, A-E. Westport:
Turks who lost 6,000 troops, while Greenwood, 2007), 22.
10,000 survivors surrendered. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/do
wnload;
jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD1917130
19D8CE7B9D?
df
567 1877 Pleven, Turkey This conflict was between the https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Siege
(Also Plevna) Russian-Romanian army (plus rg/wiki/Siege_of_Plevn of Plevna",
Bulgarian volunteers) and the a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Pl
Ottoman Empire, and is referred to evna
as the Siege of Plevna, or the Seige
of Pleven. It was a major battle of
the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-
1878. The Russian-Romanian army
was victorious.
568 1877 Brivitsa-3
70
Islam Battles
569 1877 Turkey-Armenian After the Russo-Ottoman war of http://www.aga- Hoffman, Tessa. " Annihilation,
1877/8, Russia and other online.org/news/attac Impunity, Denial:
European powers urged the hments/TokyoFullVers The Case Study of the Armenian
Ottoman Empire to reform its ion.pdf Genocide in the Ottoman
administration of the Armenian Empire (1915/16) and Genocide
provinces, as part of the Berlin Research in
Treaty of 1878. However, this did Comparison." 2004, http://www.aga-
not improve the situation, but it online.org/news/attachments/TokyoFull
brought the "Armenian Question" Version.pdf
to the level of an international
matter for the first time.
570 1883 Turkey Stara Zagora
571 1918 Armenia-Azerbaijan The conflict started in 1918, and https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, This wasa brutal conflict, occuring
then again from 1920-1922. First rg/wiki/Armenian%E2 "Armenian - Azerbaijan War", during the brief periods of
Rep. of Armenia & the Rep. of %80%93Azerbaijani_ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian% independence of the two warring sides.
Mountainous Armenia Vs War E2%80%93 The UK and the Centrocaspian
Democratic Rep. of Azerbaijan & Azerbaijani_War dictatorship were also involved on the
the Ottoman Empire & Russia, Armenian side, while on the Azerbaijan
Turkish revolutionaries & the side, Russia, Turkish revolutionaries &
Azerbaijan SSr, the Azerbaijan SSR were involved in the
war, after 1920.
572 1914- 1923 Black Sea Armenians During and after WWI, nearly 1.5 https://en.wikipedia.o Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia,
1919 (Armenian Genocide" million Armenian Christians were rg/wiki/Armenian_Gen "Armenian Genocide",
targeted and killed by the Ottoman ocide https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_
Empire in Turkey. During Genocide.
theTrabzon trials, witnesses
testified that thousands of the
Armenians killed were drowned in
the Black Sea.
573 1920 Turkey/Ottoman Empire-- The first official govt policy of http://www.serfes.org Father Archimandrite Nektarios Serfes.
(1894-1923) Christians genocide by the Ottoman Empire /orthodox/memoryof. "In Memory Of The 50 Million Victims Of
was instituted by Sultan Abdul htm The Orthodox Christian Holocaust",
Hamid in 1894, aimed at Armenian http://www.serfes.org/orthodox/memor
Christians. From 1894-1923, yof.htm
Christians living in Turkey, and in
the wider Ottoman Empire were
targeted for genocide, 3.65 million
Christians were killed by the
Ottoman Empire.
574 1921 Battle of Sakarya River Ottoman Empire Vs Greek forces. Bosworth, Clifford E., E. Van Donzel, W.
1922 Greece The Greek forces were defeated on P. Heinrichs, and G. Lecomte.
the banks of the Sakarya River, as Encyclopedia of Islam - Vol. VIII [NED -
the Greek army attempted to make SAM], New Ed., s.v. "Sakarya." Leiden: E.
its way to Ankara in Aug, 1922. J. Brill, 1995, p. 881.
575 1922 Anatolia, near the Sakarya Ottoman Empire Vs Greek forces. Bosworth, Clifford E., E. Van Donzel, W. Greek army was repelled into the sea at
River. In a second battle near the Sakarya P. Heinrichs, and G. Lecomte. Izmir. This battle ended the complete
Greece River, Greek forces attempting a Encyclopedia of Islam - Vol. VIII [NED - reconquest of Anatolia.
counter-offensive were repelled SAM], New Ed., s.v. "Sakarya" Leiden: E. J.
and defeated by Turkish forces. Brill, 1995, p. 881.
71
Islam Battles
576 1922 Greece Greeks Vs Turks. The Greeks won After this war, a peace Encyclopedia Britannica Online, Greco-
the battle of 1921/1922 . Treaty was negotiated Turkish Wars",
(the Treaty of https://www.britannica.com/topic/Greco-
Lausanne) forced Turkish-wars
Greece to return
Thrace, Smyrna, and
the islands of Imbros
and Tenedos to
Turkey. The two
countries also
exchanged their Greek
and Turkish minority
populations.
577 1974 Cyprus Turkey Vs Cyprus. In response to a After this invasion, New World Encyclopedia, "Turkish
coup carried out in Cyprus to Turkish Cypriots Invasion of Cyprus",
depose President Makarios III, so declared a separate http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/e
as to join Cyprus to Greece, political entity in the ntry/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus
putting the Greek Cypriots at odds north, while in the
with the Turkish Cypriots. South, an
independent region
was established for
Greek Cypriots.
578 1975 Lebanon (1975-90) This was a civil war between http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries The refugees included armed PLO Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. One per year
Muslims, but also had a dimension dic.nsf/enwiki/18725 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of guerrillas with veto power on Lebanese Historical Atlas of Islam The Muslim
of Muslims Vs Christians. The civil 0 Wars in the Muslim World, "Lebaneses politics, as well as influence over foreign World. eBook ed. (Farmington Hills,
war was the culmination of a Civil War", policy of other Middle eastern states. Mich: Cartographica [Thomson-Gale],
gradual influx of Palestinian http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/18 Nearly 100% of Christians were expelled, 2005), 198.
refugees (along with armed PLO 7250 and comprised many among the http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Isla
guerillas into Lebanon (Majority 1,000,000 people expelled from mic_Books_Megapack/Historical%20Atla
Christian) from Israel, after Israel Lebanon.After the war, Lebanon was s%20of%20the%20Islamic%20World.pd
became a state in 1948. Israel occupied by Syria, further driving most f
intervened and removed the PLO Lebanese Christians into exile, while
army, but Lebanon was occupied others were assassinated or jailed
by Syria after the war.
579 1977 Bayazid

580 1992 (to 1995) (Notes: Bosnia) This was a multi-ethnic conflict http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries When the Former Yugoslavia broke up
between dic.nsf/enwiki/31302 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of into Croatia, Slovenia, and Serbia, the
Bosnian Croats (Christian Catholic) 0 Wars in the Muslim World,"Bosnian Serbian section decided to fight against
, War", the break-up. Later Bosnia also wanted
Bosnian Serbs (Orthodox http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/31 to secede
Christians) and Muslims in the 3020
regions comprising the
former Yugoslavia, with most
atrocities being
committed against the Muslims in
Bosnia Herzegovina. Several peace
agreements were
negotiated."
72
Islam Battles
581 1998 (1999) Kosovo Former Yugoslavia & Serbia Vs. http://en.academic.ru/ Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries
Albania, the Kosovo Liberation dic.nsf/enwiki/10096 and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of
Front, and Nato Forces. The Wars in the Muslim World,"Kosovo
entrance of NATO brought this war War",
to an end, and the Kosovo http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/10
Liberation Front was disbanded. 096
73

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