FUNDAMENTAL OF SAFETY

WHAT IS SAFETY?

WHY DO WE NEED TO BE SAFE?

HOW TO BE SAFE?

SAFETY is……

Accidents are preventable. But, through ignorance or misunderstanding, many

people unfortunately are fatalistic about accidents, believing their causes and
effects to be unalterable. But where there are causes, there can be control.

The keystone of accident prevention is the process of:

1. IDENTIFYING
2. ISOLATING
3. CONTROLLING

About an estimate of 2% of the total number of all accidents are natural causes
(acts of God) such as lightning storms, floods, etc.

UNSAFE PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS vs. UNSAFE ACT OR CONDITION

Unsafe personal characteristics may lead the individual to perform an unsafe act
or to allow an unsafe condition that may result to accident.

The detection and elimination of unsafe personal characteristics are extremely

difficult.

The elimination of unsafe acts and unsafe conditions, on the other hand, offers a
relatively simple and effective means of preventing accidents.

Education and training in safety fundamentals are essential if accidents are to be

prevented. Through appropriate education, useful knowledge is imparted and safe
attitudes are developed. Training is a particularly important control in accident
prevention, since people who are indoctrinated in the practices essential for safety
develop sound habits and skills (especially where a particular operation or activity
is concerned).

One of the main reasons for investigation is to determine reasons for the event
occurring, and to find means of preventing similar occurrence.
Accidents are of a more serious nature than incidents, however an incident is
often a potential accident, and investigation of incidents can often lead to better
accident prevention.

DEFINITION OF BASIC TERMS

1. Hazard – is a condition with the potential of causing injury to personnel,

damage to equipment/structure, loss of material, or lessening of the ability
to perform a prescribed function. When a hazard is present, the possibility of
these adverse effects occurring exists.
2. Danger – expresses a relative exposure to a hazard. A hazard may be present,
but there may be little danger because of the precautions taken.
3. Damage – is the severity of injury or the physical functional, or monetary loss
that could result if control of a hazard is lost.
4. Risk – is an expression of possible loss over a specific period of time or
number of operational cycle. It may be indicated by the following formula:

Risk Score = Probability or Likelihood x Exposure x Possible Consequences

5. Safety – is frequently defined as “freedom from hazards”. Unfortunately, it is

practically impossible to eliminate all hazards completely. SAFETY, therefore
is a matter of relative protection from exposure to hazards. Simply put,
SAFETY is the antonym of DANGER.
6. ACCIDENT – in relation to an aircraft, means an occurrence associated with
the operation of the aircraft which takes place between the time any person
boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all those
persons have disembarked in which…
(a) Any person suffers death or serious injury as a result of being in or upon
the aircraft or by direct contact with the aircraft or anything attached to
the aircraft; or
(b) The aircraft suffers substantial damage;
(c) The aircraft is missing or inaccessible.
7. INCIDENT – in relation to an aircraft, means an occurrence takes place either
on the ground or in flight, in which-
(a) The aircraft suffers damage or a person suffers injury in circumstances
other than those specified in the definition of “accident”;
(b) The aircraft has a forced landing;
(c) The aircraft lands at a scheduled aerodrome in an unairworthy condition;
(d) The aircraft is compelled to land at the aerodrome of departure without
completing the scheduled flight;
(e) The aircraft lands owing to conditions which make continuance of the
flight inadvisable;
(f) The position of the aircraft becomes unknown for any period; or
(g) The safety of the aircraft or its occupants or of any other person or
property is jeopardized.
SAFETY IN A NUTSHELL

Safety is not something you can take or leave alone. It is not an activity that is
precipitated in only when one is being watched or supervised. Safety is not
posters, slogans, or rules; nor it is movies, meetings, investigations or inspections.

SAFETY IS AN ATTITUDE, A FRAME OF MIND.

Safety is the awareness of one’s environment and actions all day, everyday.

To do this does not require genius, a Ph.D., or even a title or rank. All it requires is
an educated intelligence and a reasonable amount of native ability to see, hear,
smell, and think.

TO IGNORE SAFETY PRACTICES DOES NOT INDICATE BRAVERY, ONLY

FOOLISHNESS.

TO DO THINGS SAFELY AND CORRECTLY IS THE MARK OF A WISE MAN, NOT A

TIMID ONE.