Ncert History

TEACHER’S
MANUAL
FOR
d
ite
m
SOCIAL
Li
ny
SCIENCES
pa
om
8
C
d
An
nd
ha
C
S.
©
S. CHAND SCHOOL BOOKS
(An imprint of S. Chand Publishing)
A Division of S. Chand And Company Limited
(An ISO 9001 Certified Company)
7361, Ram Nagar, Qutab Road, New Delhi-110055
Phone: 23672080-81-82, 9899107446, 9911310888; Fax: 91-11-23677446
www.schandpublishing.com; e-mail : helpdesk@schandpublishing.com
Branches :
d
Ahmedabad : Ph: 27541965, 27542369, ahmedabad@schandpublishing.com
ite
Bengaluru : Ph: 22268048, 22354008, bangalore@schandpublishing.com
Bhopal : Ph: 4274723, 4209587, bhopal@schandpublishing.com
Chandigarh : Ph: 2625356, 2625546, 4025418, chandigarh@schandpublishing.com
m
Chennai : Ph: 28410027, 28410058, chennai@schandpublishing.com
Coimbatore : Ph: 2323620, 4217136, coimbatore@schandpublishing.com (Marketing Office)
Li
Cuttack : Ph: 2332580, 2332581, cuttack@schandpublishing.com
Dehradun : Ph: 2711101, 2710861, dehradun@schandpublishing.com
Guwahati : Ph: 2738811, 2735640, guwahati@schandpublishing.com
ny
Hyderabad : Ph: 27550194, 27550195, hyderabad@schandpublishing.com
Jaipur : Ph: 2219175, 2219176, jaipur@schandpublishing.com
pa
Jalandhar : Ph: 2401630, 5000630, jalandhar@schandpublishing.com
Kochi : Ph: 2809208, 2808207, cochin@schandpublishing.com
Kolkata : Ph: 23353914, 23357458, kolkata@schandpublishing.com
Lucknow
om
: Ph: 4026791, 4065646, lucknow@schandpublishing.com
Mumbai : Ph: 22690881, 22610885, mumbai@schandpublishing.com
Nagpur : Ph: 6451311, 2720523, 2777666, nagpur@schandpublishing.com
Patna : Ph: 2300489, 2302100, patna@schandpublishing.com
C
Pune : Ph: 64017298, pune@schandpublishing.com

Raipur : Ph: 2443142, raipur@schandpublishing.com (Marketing Office)
d
Ranchi : Ph: 2361178, ranchi@schandpublishing.com

Sahibabad : Ph: 2771235, 2771238, delhibr-sahibabad@schandpublishing.com
An
© 2013, S. Chand And Company Limited

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or copied in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any
medium in form of graphics, electronic or mechanical means and whether or not transient or incidental to some other use of this publication)
nd
without written permission of the publisher. Any breach of this will entail legal action and prosecution without further notice.
Jurisdiction : All disputes with respect to this publication shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Courts, Tribunals and Forums of New
Delhi, India only.
ha
Publisher’s Warranty: The Publisher warrants the customer for a period of 1 year from the date of purchase of the book
against any manufacturing defect, damage or loss of this book.
Terms and Conditions apply. For further details, please visit our website www.schandpublishing.com or call us at our Custom-
C
er care (toll free) No: 1800 3070 2850

Jurisdiction: All disputes with respect to this publication shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Courts, Tribunals and
Forums of New Delhi, India Only.
S.
First Published 2013

This Edition 2019
©
Code: 10SE000398 Product Code: SCS2ASC086SSTAB18CBN
Typesetting by Ram Avtar
PRINTED IN INDIA
By Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Plot 20/4, Site-IV, Industrial Area Sahibabad, Ghaziabad-201010
and Published by S. Chand And Company Limited, 7361, Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110055.
CONTENTS
Lesson Plan for History 4
d
History : Our Pasts 8
ite
Lesson Plan for Geography 34
m
Geography : Resource And Development 36
Li
Lesson Plan for Social and Political Life 56
59
ny
Social and Political Life
Worksheet I 77
pa
Worksheet II 81
om
Worksheet I - Answers 85
89
C
Worksheet II - Answers
d
An
nd
ha
C
S.
©
HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL SCIENCE_VIII.indd 3 12/26/2018 7:57:57 PM

LESSON PLAN FOR HISTORY
Periods & Contents/Flow Chart Expected Learning

Time Allocated Outcomes
d
Chapter 1: When Where & How
ite
Teaching Aids: Blackboard, Textbook, PPTs, e-Content.
5 periods • Introduction Understanding how history
m
40 minutes each • Periodisation of History has been formed and
• Sources of studying modern history recorded.
Li
• Literary Sources: Official Records, Indigenous To enable students to
Literary sources and other sources comprehend how records
and surveys have created
ny
• Conclusion
the chronology of historical
events.
pa
Chapter 2: From Trade to Territory
5 periods • Arrival of the Europeans
om Student should be able to
40 minutes each • Europeans Setting Footholds in India: The Portuguese, understand how the various
The Dutch, The French and The British actions of the British led to
C
• The Conquest of Bengal the progressive control over

the territories of India.
• The Battle of Plassey (1757 CE)
d
• The Battle of Buxar (1764 CE)

An
• Dual Government
• The Subsidiary Alliance System
• Wars with Mysore
nd
• The Marathas: The Anglo-Maratha Wars

(1775 – 1818)
• Annexation of Sindh
ha
• Annexation of Punjab
• The Doctrine of Lapse
C
• Annexation of Awadh
• Setting up a New Administration: Regulating Act 1773
S.
and Pitt’s India Act

• The British Administrative System: Judiciary
©

5

Chapter 3: Ruling the Countryside
Teaching Aids: Blackboard, Textbook, Maps, PPTs, e-Content.
d
6 periods • The Land Revenue Policy of the British: The Students should be able to
Permanent Settlement, The Ryotwari System and The understand how the various
ite
40 minutes each
Mahalwari System policies adopted by the
• Impact of Revenue policies British ruined the economic
m
• Farming of Cash Crops: Demand for Indigo and conditions of the peasantry.
Indigo Cultivation
Li
• The Blue Rebellion or Indigo Revolt
• The Revolt: Consequences of the Revolt
ny
Chapter 4: Colonialism and Tribal Societies
pa
5 periods • The Tribal People: Areas of habitation, religious To enable Students to
40 minutes each practices, language and occupation understand how the
om routine life of the tribals in
• Colonialism and the Tribals: Forest laws and their
impact and other causes of distress different parts of India was
• The Santhal Rebellion destabilized and impacted by
C
the coming of the Colonial
• The Birsa Munda Revolt: Progress of the movement
rulers.
• Tribal Revolts in North East
d
Chapter 5: When People Rebel

An

5 periods • The Uprising of 1857: Causes, spread of the rebellion, To enable students to
40 minutes each suppression of the rebellion, reasons for the failure of comprehend that if the
nd
the rebellion, effects of the rebellion and nature of the government does not work
rebellion for the welfare of the people
they feel oppressed and this
ha
can lead to revolts.

Chapter 6: Colonialism and the City
C

6 periods • Cities Under Colonial Rule Students should understand
S.
40 minutes each • Development and Urbanization: Development of Port how settlements were
Cities and Development of Postal System transformed in major cities
• Development of Railways: Development of Hill under the British Rule.
©
Stations, Civic Agencies and Police and Law

Enforcement
• Delhi to New Delhi – A Case Study

6

Chapter 7: Craft and Industries
d
5 periods • The Textile Industry To enable students to
understand how basic
ite
40 minutes each • Calico Act of 1720
• Decline of the Indian Textile Industry industries like textile and
steel began to take shape in
• Smelting Industry
m
India.
• Other Industries
Li
• Resurgence of the Indian Industry
• The Great Wars and their Impact
Chapter 8: Educating the Nation
ny
pa
5 periods • The Two Schools of Thought: Orientalists and Students should be enabled
40 minutes each Anglicists to comprehend how the
• Wood’s Despatch and its Recommendation: Impact of education system evolved
om
Wood’s Despatch during the British colonial
• The Views of Indian Visionaries regime.
• Aligarh – A Case Study
C
• Baroda – A Case Study

Chapter 9: Women, Caste and Reform
d

An
6 periods • Upliftment of the Status of Women To help students

40 minutes each • Social Reformers: Raja Rammohan Roy, Ishwar comprehend how social
Chandra Vidyasagar, Dayanand Saraswati, Sir Syed reforms came about for the
nd
Ahmed Khan, Kandukuri Veeresaligam, Jyotiba Phule upliftment of oppressed

and Mahadev Govind Ranade sections of the society
ha
• The Women Who Championed the Cause: Pandita

Ramabai, Tarabai Shinde and Begum Rokeya
Sakhawat Hussain
C
• The Reformists of a Caste based Society: Shri

Narayana Guru, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, Erode
S.
Venkata Ramaswamy and Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar

• Conclusion
Chapter 10: Indian Fine Arts and Architecture
©

5 periods • The Art Scene: Into the Nineteenth Century Students should be able
40 minutes each • The Literature Scene to understand how the
• Field of Music and Dance art, music, literature and
architecture scene developed
• Architecture: The city of Madras (Now Chennai) and
in the 18th and 19th century.
the city of Bombay (Now Mumbai)

7

Chapter 11: The National Movement
d
5 periods • The Growth of National Movement: Reasons for Students should be able to
growth of National Movement comprehend how the weak
ite
40 minutes each
• The Indian National Congress: Objectives of the and oppressed Indian masses
Indian National Congress, demands of the Indian rose in unison to remove the
m
National Congress and methods of the moderate colonial powers from their
leaders motherland.
Li
• Rise of Extremism: Reasons for the rise of extremism
• All India Muslim League
ny
• The Revolutionary Movement
• World War 1 and National Movement
pa
• The Lucknow Pact
• Arrival of Gandhiji: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and
om
Khilafat and the Non-Cooperation Movement
• The Simon Commission
• The Civil Disobedience Movement: First Round Table
C
Conference, Gandhi Irwin Pact, Karachi Session,
Second Round Table Conference, Communal Award
and Third Round Table Conference
d
• Two Nation Theory: The Cripps Mission

An
• Quit India Movement 1942

• The Cabinet Mission
• Formation of interim government
nd
Chapter 12: Indian History – Post Independence

ha
6 periods • Initial Challenges: Rehabilitation of Refugees and Students should be able

40 minutes each Integration of the Princely States to identify the challenges
C
• Government and Administration: Planning faced by India at the time

Commission of independence and how it
began its journey towards
S.
• State Reorganization
self-sufficiency and growth
• Foreign Affairs
to become a developed
• India and its Neighbours: Pakistan, China, Myanmar, country.
©
Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka

• Conclusion

HISTORY: OUR PASTS
CHAPTER - 1
A. Choose the correct option.
d
1. 15th century 2. Mughal Empire 3. Buildings
ite

4. Delhi 5. 1881 6. Calcutta
m
7. Demographic Patterns 8. Monuments 9. State of women
B. Fill in the blanks.
Li
1. Medieval, Modern 2. Record 3. archives
ny
4. Surveys
C. State whether true or false.
pa
1. False 2. False 3. True 4. False.
D. Answer the following questions briefly.
om
1. Specialized institutions like archives and museums were established to preserve important
documents.
C
2. It gives us elaborate accounts of trading and economic conditions of those times.

3. This is based on a logic that India was subjugated by foreign powers and it affected India’s
d
social, economic and political life.

An
4. To understand the topography, flora-fauna, local histories, archaeology etc.

E. Answer the following questions in detail.
nd
1. • It can be obtained from newspapers, magazines, letters, pamphlets, autobiographies, text of

speeches made by Indian authors, scholars, poets etc.
ha
• It also includes photographs and audio-video clips.

• Travel accounts etc.
2. • Matter could be biased and subjective in nature of a particular person.
C

• Pictures have to be corraborated with other things to understand the history.
S.
• We had a colonial part so there was a difference in perception of things. Keeping all this in
mind one has to be very careful while studying history.
3. During Mughal times, Delhi was a compact city with narrow lanes, small houses where with
©
the coming of British new buildings came up like Rashtrapati Bhawan, India Gate, Connaught
Place and wide roads were made.
• Power shifted from Red Fort to Raisina Hills.

9
CHAPTER - 2

1. Vasco-da-Gama 2. Cochin and Goa
3. Surat 4. Dupleix
d
5. 1600 6. Hugli
ite
7. 1757 8. Farrukh-siyar
9. Mir Jafar 10. Lord Clive
m
11. Hyderabad 12. Subsidiary alliance
13. Rulers of Mysore 14. Ist Anglo Maratha War
Li
15. Maharaja Ranjit Singh 16. 1773
17. Pitt’s India Act 18. Lord Cornwallis
ny
19. N.B. Halhed 20. Calcutta
pa
1. 1664 2. Martin
om
3. Kalikata 4. Mir Jafar
5. Mir Qasim 6. Orissa
7. Lord Wellesley 8. Baji Rao II
C
9. Doctrine of Lapse
d

An
1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. False

6. True 7. True 8. True 9. False 10. True
nd
D. Match the following.

Column A Column B
ha
1. Dupleix French Governor

2. Lord Clive Battle of Plassey
3. Lord Wellesely
C
Subsidiary Alliance
4. Shah Alam Battle of Buxar
S.
5. Lord Dalhousie Doctrine of Lapse

6. Tipu Sultan Mysore
7. Peshwa Marathas
©
8. Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab

9. Lord Cornwallis Civil services
E. Answer the following questions briefly.

1. Spices, cotton cloth, saltpetre and indigo attracted the Europeans to India.

10
2. Surat, Ahmedabad, Nagapattnam, Masulipatnam and smaller centres like Chinsura in Bengal
and Agra in U.P.
3. East India company acquired the charter.
Company got the exclusive right to trade with the east.
4. Trading companies wanted to buy the Indian goods and make the maximum profit and this led
d
to rivalries.
ite
5. Royal farman had permitted the East India company to trade without paying any duty but the
officials of the company misused it and started to do private trade without paying any duty.
m
6. It led to the conquest of Bengal and paved the way for British rule in India.
Li
7. Company could purchase Indian goods without making payment in gold or silver. It could pay
in Indian rupees only.
8. Division of powers between the Nawab and the govt. General administration including law and
ny
order was under the Nawab and the revenue and military under the company .
9. Tipu Sultan, the ruler of Mysore tried to restrict British spice trade in Malabar coast and had
pa
also started to modernize the army with the help of French.
10. It lay on the route from British India to Afghanistan. Company was worried about Russian
om
invasion from this side.
11. To regulate the company’s activities.
12. • Soldiers were given proper training.
C
• New muskets and matchlock were introduced.

d
F. Answer the following questions in detail.

An
1. • Company officials had started to do private trade without paying any duty.
• Company had started doing the fortification of Fort William and mounted guns on
nd
the wall.
• Company had started to write disrespectful letters to Nawab and had started to interfere in
the political affairs.
ha
All this led to conflict.

2. • Mir Jafar the commander in chief of the Nawab entered into conspiracy with Lord Clive.
C
• Jagat seth (Bankers of Bengal) also did not help Siraj-ud-daulah the Nawab of Bengal.
3. • Mir Jafar the puppet Nawab was not very helpful to help the company to further their
S.
interests and they replaced him with Mir Qasim who also didn’t come up to their
expectations.
©
• Mir Qasim forged an alliance with Mughal emperor Shah Alam II and Nawab of Awadh
Shuj-ud-Daulah and the combined forces fought with British.
Result
• Company won the battle.
• Company got the diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

11
4. Lord Wellesely
Features:
• Indian state accepting the policy had to maintain the British army or to give a part of its
territory for maintenance.
d
• British resident was stationed in Indian States.
ite
• Indian states could not enter into any agreement with any other state.
5. Advantages for Company:
m
• British resident started to interfere in Indian states.
• Army was maintained by Nawab.
Li
• No fear of Indian states entering into any alliance with other states.
Disadvantages for Indian states
ny
• Interference by resident in their day to day affairs.
• Had to maintain British army.
pa
• Could not have diplomatic relations with others and lost their sovereignty.
6. If the ruler of the Indian state died without leaving any male heir, the state would lapse or go
om
back to the company.
7. • Governor of Bengal became the Governor General of India.
• Supreme court was set up at Calcutta.
C
• Council of member was set up to help Governor General and decision was made by
majority vote.
d
• The directors of the company were required to place before the ministry all correspondence
An
relating to civil military and revenue matters relating to India.

8. • Regulating Act failed to regulate the company’s power.
• Jurisdiction of supreme court was not defined.
nd
• Governors of Bombay and Madras were not ready to accept the dominance of Governor of
Bengal. So to overcome these shortcomings Act was passed.
ha
9. • Army – Sepoys were recruited from Awadh, Bihar and Benaras and were trained well but
denied high positions.
C
• Provided with muskets and matchlock.

Police – Thanas were established and were under the administrative control of district.
S.
Civil Service – Written examination was started for this and Indians were given subordinate
positions.
©
10. Judiciary:
• Establishment of civil and criminal courts.
• Courts were presided over by the British but were assisted by the Maulvis and Pandits for
the interpretation of traditional laws prevalent in India.
• Supreme Court was established at Calcutta.

12
CHAPTER - 3

1. Shah Alam II 2. Bengal
d
3. Permanent settlement system 4. the peasants
5. rice 6. Europeans
ite
7. Indigo 8. Burdwan
m
9. Queen of England 10. Lord Cornwallis
11. Village Headman 12. Bengal
Li
13. 25% of the landholdings 14. Mahatma Gandhi
ny
B. Match the following.
Column A Column B
pa
1. Lord Clive Diwani
2. Ryot Peasant
om
3. Lord Cornwallis Permanent Settlement
4. Holt Mackenzie Mahalwari System
5. Thomas Munro Ryotwari System
C
C. Fill in the blanks.

d
1. Agrarian 2. Zamindars
An
3. Headmen 4. Cash
5. Temperate
nd
D. State whether true or false.

1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True
ha
6. False 7. True 8. True 9. True

10. True

C
1. To maintain troops, forts, offices and cost of buildings.

2. Diwani implied that company became the chief financial administrator of the area under
S.

its control.
3. In 1793 by Lord Cornwallis.
©
4. With the Diwani rights they did not have to pay in Gold and Silver to purchase cotton, spices
and silk textiles. They could pay in Indian currency.
5. Bombay and Madras Presidencies.
• Started by Captain Alexander Reed and later developed by Sir Thomas Munro.
6. Peasants had to pay high revenue and they had to mortage their land to moneylenders.

13
7. Indigo produced a rich blue colour whereas the dye from woad was pale and dull.
8. It exhausted the fertility of the soil.
9. Planters were forcing the peasants to grow indigo and were not giving the good price for it and
peasants were going into debt.
10. Nadia, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Burdwan, Pabna, Narail etc.
d
ite
1. Lord Cornwallis
m
Features:
• Land revenue was fixed permanently and not to be revised.
Li
• Zamindar had to pay a fixed revenue to the company.
Zamindar could retain surplus collection as profit.
ny
•
• Failure on the part of the Zamindar to pay revenue meant loss of Zamindari rights.
2. • In Permanent Settlement Zamindars used to collect revenue whereas in Ryotwari peasants
pa
had to give revenue.
• In Permanent Settlement revenue was fixed and not to be revised but in Ryotwari system it
om
was raised after every 30 years.
3. Advantages for Company
C
• Got fixed revenue by fixed date.

• Created a loyal class of Zamindars for the company.
d
Disadvantages for Peasants

An
• Cultivators were at the mercy of Zamindar who used oppressive methods to collect high
revenue.
• High revenue demand forced the peasants to take loan.
nd
• Zamindar and company did not try to improve the land.

4. • Indigo cultivation required large consolidated land holdings which was difficult to get.
ha
• Labour was required but labour was scarce as the cropping season for rice and Indigo was
same.
C
• Large amount of ploughs and bullocks were required which were neither available
easily nor manageable and more so as the season for cultivation was parallel to the rice
S.
cultivation.
5. • Peasants who signed the contract got cash advances from planters at low rate of interest.
• Indigo to be cultivated on atleast 25% of the area.
©
• Planter provided drill and the seed.

6. Causes:
• Soil was losing its fertility.
• Peasants were not getting good price.

14
Consequences:
• Indigo commission was appointed.
• Queen declared that sowing of indigo was not compulsory for the ryots.
• Indigo commission held the planters guilty and criticized them for the coercive methods.
• Company asked ryots to fulfill their existing contracts but also told them that they could
d
ite
refuse to produce Indigo in future.
TEST PAPER
m
Based on Chapters 1, 2 & 3
Li
I. Answer the following questions in detail.
ny
1. • Company officials had started to do trade without paying any duty.
• Company started fortification of Fort William.
pa
• Company started to write disrespectful letters to Nawab and started to interfere in the political
affairs. om
2. • Official records tell us about the administrative policies of the British. It gives us information
on flora, fauna, local histories etc. Census conducted by them also helps us to understand
the demographic patterns.
C
• Literary sources provide us valuable information on how things happened in the past.
3. Introduced by Holt Mackenzie.
d
Features:
An
• Revenue collection right was given to village headman.

• Land Revenue was to be revised periodically.
• Collectors used to calculate the revenue of each village.
nd
II. Answer the following questions briefly.

1. To buy spices, cotton and silk textiles as they used to get a good price for these goods in European
ha

markets.
2. Lord Dalhousie introduced.
C
• British had the right to take away the state where the ruler died without leaving a male heir
to the throne.
S.
3. • Cultivators were not getting good price for the crop.

• Indigo cultivation exhausted the fertility of the soil.
©
III. Fill in the blanks.

1. Lord Cornwallis 2. N.B. Halhed
3. Subsidiary 4. Indigo

15
CHAPTER - 4

1. All of these 2. Forest Policy 1884
3. Khuntkari 4. Birsa
d

5. 1899 6. Mahua
ite

7. Santhali 8. Bakarwals
9. Birsa
m

Li
1. Adivasis 2. Santhali
3. Mahua 4. animal
ny

5. railway sleepers 6. Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu
pa
1.
False 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. True 6. True.
om
D. Match the columns.
Column A Column B
1. Sidhu Kanu
C
Santhal Revolt
2. Khuntkari Land system
d
3. BirsaMunda Chotta Nagpur region

An
4. Dikus Outsiders
5. Bakarwals Kashmir
nd
1. Working as labourers on the construction sites.

2. Hills, forests and even deserts.
ha
3. Worship the forces of nature. Believe in spirits of rain, fire, forest, river and ancestors.
4. To have ownership of land and settle at one place and cultivate the land.
C
5. Enjoyed authority over number of villages and made their own rules and had their own system
of collecting revenue from the villagers, managed small forces to run the administrative and
S.
law and order machinery.

6. As there was no fixed areas and land ownership and it was difficult for them to collect revenue.
7. Development of railways, roadways and telecommunication had benefited the dikus but had
©

badly affected the tribals.
8. It was directed against the outsiders and the objective was to attain religious and political
independence for Mundas.

16

1. • A small patch of land is cleared by burning down the vegetation in forest and the ash is used
as fertilizer.
• Once the soil loses its fertility, people move on to another suitable area.
2. British colonial rulers did not approve the shifting cultivation and forced the jhum cultivators
d
to stick to a particular area and pay revenue and this was not acceptable to jhum cultivators.
ite
They protested against this.
3. • Curtailed the tribal rights to use the forest produce.
m
• Forest became the property of the state.
Li
• Some forests became reserved and used for timber purpose.
Effect on tribals
ny
• They were dislocated from their land.
• Compensation given to them was too meagre for them to sustain.
pa
4. • Land was taken away.
• Famines in the later half of the 19th century.
om
• Increase in the prices of essential commodities.
• Coming of middle men looking for forest produce further increased their exploitation.
5. • Introduction of zamindari system. Non payment of taxes led to eviction from land by
C
zamindars.
• Two famines between 1896 – 1900 led to starvation and more atrocities by zamindars.
d
• Money lenders charged high rate of interest.

An
• Their local judicial system was replaced by modern courts.

• Outsiders affected their social, political and economic systems.
nd
CHAPTER - 5
ha

C
1. Nana Saheb 2. Rangoon

3. Mangal Pandey 4. Tantia Tope
S.
5. Bareilly 6. Governor-General
7. 10 May 1857 8. Kunwar Singh
©
9. Bahadur Shah Zafar 10. Nana Saheb

1. Peasants 2. Subsidiary alliance
3. Enfield 4. Meerut
5. Bahadur Shah Jafar

17

1.
True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True
Column A Column B
d
1. Jhansi Rani Lakshmi Bai
ite
2. Kanpur Nana Saheb
3. Arrah Kunwar Singh
m
4. Awadh Begum Hazrat
5. Gorkhas
Li
Nepal
ny
1. They lost their means of livelihood as Indian market was flooded with cheap British manufactured
goods.
pa
2. Most of the soldiers belonged to Awadh and Nawab of Awadh had always been loyal to the
British.
3. It took away their independence as the British resident was stationed in their court and ruler

om
could not take independent decisions.
4. • Abolition of Sati.
C
• Legalization of widow remarriage.

5. Introduction of greased cartridges which were smeared with cows and pigs fat.
d
6. Big zamindars, educated class, Gorkhas of Nepal, Nawab of Bhopal and Hyderabad.
An
7. Powers of East India Company were transferred to the British Crown.

1. • Peasants suffered due to high revenue demands by British.
nd

• Cultivation of indigo affected the cultivators.
• Artisans lost their means of livelihood as Indian market was flooded with cheap British made
ha
goods.
2. Political causes
C
• Doctrine of lapse allowed the British to take away the state which did not have a male heir.
S.
• Under the policy of subsidiary alliance, British resident was stationed at Indian states who
used to interfere.
• Refused to give pension to Nana Saheb
©
• Annexation of Awadh.
3. • Promotions were not given.
• Foreign allowance was denied.
• Not allowed to wear religions marks.
• They were looked down upon.

18
• Less pay.
• Were sent to foreign land across the seas which was against Hindu belief.
4. • Started taxing the land belonging to temples and mosques.
• Introduced a law banning the Sati system and legalization of widow remarriage.
5. • Movement did not have nationwide dimension.
d
• The rebel leaders did not have a leader and lacked national consciousness.
ite
• Didn’t have good weapons.
• Certain sections of society didn’t participate.
m
6. • British Crown took over the administration.
• Governor General was given the title of Viceroy.
Li
• A Secretary of State was made responsible for the matters relating to the governance of
India.
ny
• Army was reorganised.
pa
CHAPTER - 6
om
1. Pondicherry 2. Calcutta
3. Hoogly 4. Surat
C

5. 1860 6. 1911
d
7. Bombay to thane 8. Madras

9. Gateway of India 10. Calcutta to Delhi
An

1. William 2. State
nd
3. Bombay 4. Delhi
5. Calcutta
ha

1. True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True
C

S.
Column A Column B
1. Connaught Place Delhi
2. Pondicherry
©
French
3. Victoria Terminal Bombay
4. Hill Stations British
5. Fort St. George Madras

19

1. Madras High Court, Fort St. George, Santhome Cathedral Basilica and Railway Station.
2. To move to cooler places in summer season as they came from colder regions.
3. Municipalities, town area committees, port trusts, cantonment boards, Public works department.
d
4. To lay down the rules and regulations regarding crime and punishments to be enforced in the
ite
entire country.
5. To show the overthrowing of the powerful emperor of India and establishment of British
m
supermacy after the revolt of 1857.
6. King George V and Queen Mary. Announced the shifting of Capital from Calcutta to Delhi.
Li
1. • Some towns like Surat lost their sheen and Bombay became the industrial centre.
ny
• Labour shifted from earlier well known cities as the demand for traditional goods declined.
• Changes took place in the architectural and cultural aspects of cities.
pa
2. • As a convenient centres for loading and unloading of cargo from ships.
• They became the centres of warehouses and marketing places.
om
• Calcutta, Madras, Bombay.
3. • Red Fort used to house Royal family.
C
• Chandni Chowk was a market divided by canals.

• City had temples and a famous Jama Masjid Mosque.
d
• City was a walled city on the west bank of the Yamuna River with 14 gates.
An
4. • It had open areas, wide roads, planned water sewage system.

• Architecture was a mix of Indian, Persian and Mughal designs.
• Edward Lutyens and Herbert Baker were the architect and the town planners.
nd
TEST PAPER
ha

C
1. Effect on tribals – lost their source of livelihood and compensation was meagre.
• Had to work as labourors outside at a low price.
S.
Effect on British:
• Found it difficult to get labour to cut trees and move logs.
©
• Had to amend the laws and give back permission to jhum cultivators to take possession of
some pieces of land but in turn made it compulsory for them to provide labour to the British.
2. • No avenues for promotion.
• No foreign allowance.
• Were not allowed to wear religious marks.
• Were sent across the seas against the Hindu beliefs.

20
3. • To load and unload the Cargo.

• To have large warehouses and marketing places.
• Residential areas for agents.
Calcutta was developed to fortify their possessions there.
d
ite
1. Mussorie and Shimla.
• For moving to cooler places in summer season.
m
2. Introduction of Greased cartridges smeared with pig’s and cow’s fat.
3. Worship the forces of nature.
Li
Worship the spirits of ancestors.
ny
1. Birsa Munda 2. Bakht Khan
pa
3. 1858 4. Madras
om
CHAPTER - 7

C
1. Muslin 2. Cochin
d
3. Patola 4. 1764
An
5. Cowasjee Nanabhai 6. Calicut

7. Geologist 8. Kharkoi and Subarnarekha
9. Smelting of Iron 10. Dorabji Tata
nd

1. Chint 2. White
ha
3. Calicut 4. Black
C
1. True 2. False 3. False 4. False

S.

Column A Column B
1. TISCO
©
Jamshedpur
2. Muslin Dacca
3. Chintz Flowery designs
4. Portugese Calicut
5. Charles weld Geologist

21

1. Textile and smelting industry.
2. Quality was good, designs and textures were different from the west. Muslin of Dacca was very
soft and fine fabric.
3. Invention of spinning Jenny and steam engine.
d
4. It led to large scale unemployment, poverty and indebtness.
ite
5. To meet the requirement of industry in England.
6. There were no buyers of their goods and it increased unemploy-ment and poverty.
m
7. It was close to the area of black soil which favoured cotton cultivation and gave avenues for
Li
more sales near the port of Bombay.
8. Dorabji Tata set up TISCO at Jamshedpur.
ny
Easy availability of water from the rivers Kharkoi and Subarnarekha.
pa
1. Indian cotton textile was world famous. Import of cotton textile in England was seen as a threat
to domestic textile businesses. To protect the British textile interests, British Parliament passed
om
the Calico Act as a restrictive legislation on textile import.
2. Reasons:
• British textile industry was more mechanized and took away raw-materials from India.
C
• The Indian finished goods in European markets were subjected to high tax.
• British brought machine made goods to India and sold them at cheaper rates in India.
d
3. • Sword was made of carbon rich iron called wootz.

An
• Handle is inlaid with gold and set with rubies and diamonds.
• Handle had a tiger head.
4. • Captured large forest areas so that they could take away the wood.
nd
• Declared forests as reserved and tribals were not allowed to take timber.
• Brought finished goods from their industries and sold them in India and created a severe
ha
competition to the local metallic goods.

5. • War created need for cloth for uniform and metal for arms and ammunition and this gave
C
boost to Indian industry as it was not possible for the British to supply these things from
England.
S.
CHAPTER - 8

©
1. William Jones 2. Duncan

3. 1854 4. Lord Macaulay
5. 1901 6. Sayajirao III
7. Lord Macauly 8. Mahatma Gandhi
9. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

22

1. Henry Thomas Colebrooke and Nathaniel Halhed, Asiatic
2. Anglicists 3. grants-in-aid
4. inspection 5. London
d
ite
1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True
m
Column A Column B
1. William Jones
Li
Orientalist
2. Macaulay Anglicist
3. Rabindranath Tagore
ny
Shanti Niketan
4. Charles wood Woods despatch
pa
1. Orientalists believed in revival of Indian glory and were in favour of use of Sanskrit language.
Encouraged Indian language and literature.
om
Anglicists were against the basic thought of teaching Indian and Arabic literature and professed
that English should be the medium of instruction.
C
2. According to him it would create a sense of inferiority in the minds of Indians and destroy
Indian culture.
3. He professed that education should be provided in natural environment and it should be a
d
combination of the elements from western civilization and the Indian traditions.
An
4. To spread awareness in the society and for the development of society.

nd
1. William Jones started the Asiatic society as he realized that it was the east which held the
secrets of early history and civilization of man. According to him without understanding the
ha
east, history of man could not be understood and he also wanted to promote the study of Indian
history as he was of the view that India had the glorious past.
2. • To create a class of people who would work for British and help in administration.
C
• To create a class of loyal people.

S.
• To expose Indians to the British tastes and create a demand for British goods.
3. • To set up vernacular primary schools in villages.
• To start grant-in-aid to encourage private enterprise in education.
©
• To raise intellectual standard of people and to get honest public servants to work for them.
• To develop vocational skills.
• For higher education, English should be the medium.
4. • Establishment of teacher training institutions in each of the province.
• Universities were established in Madras, Bombay and Calcutta.

23
• Grants to be given to those institution which agreed to inspection by representatives of the

govt.
• Introduction of network of graded schools all over the country from primary schools to
universities and colleges.
d
ite
CHAPTER - 9
m
Li
1. 1829 2. Raja Rammohan Roy
3. Lord William Bentick 4. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
ny
5. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar 6. Pandita Ramabai
7. Aligarh 8. Mahadev Govind Ranade
pa
9. Tarabai Shinde 10. Depressed classes
11. Periyar 12. Dr B R Ambedkar
om
13. 1856
C
1. Inherit
2. Raja Rammohan Roy
d
3. William Bentick
An
4. D.A.V
5. Maharashtra
6. Pandita Ramabai
nd
7. Religion
8. Jyotiba Phule
ha
9. Bharat
10. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
C

1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. False
S.

Column A Column B
©

1. Brahmo Sabha Raja Rammohan Roy
2. Arya Samaj Dayanand Saraswati
3. Stripurush Tulana Tarabai Shinde
4. Satya Shodhak Samaj Jyotiba Phule
5. Self Respect Movement E.V. Ramaswamy

24

1. Gender discrimination, purdah system, sati system, female infanticide and widows were not
allowed to remarry.
2. He convinced Lord William Bentick to pass a law banning the Sati system and tried to prove
that widow burning had no sanction in sacred texts.
d
3. To provide housing, education, vocational training and medical services to women.
ite
4. Established schools for Muslim girls at Patna and Calcutta.
5. They felt that education will take the women away from the cultural ethos of Indian society
m
and move them away from their domestic duties and responsibilities.
Li
1. • Women were socially oppressed and were positioned inferior to men.
ny
• They could not find any expression to their inborn talents or desires except as
housewives.
pa
• In many parts of the country Sati system was prevalent.
• Schooling was denied.
• Widow remarriage was not allowed.
om
• Polygamy and Purdah system was prevalent.
2. • Founded Hindu Balika Vidyalaya in Calcutta.
• Supported widow remarriage and his efforts led to an enactment of widow remarriage Act
C
in 1856.
• Helped Drinkwater Bethune to start a school for women in Bengal.
d
3. • Started Self-Respect Movement.

An
• Was against caste and gender discrimination and propagated the principles of rationalism,
self respect, women’s rights and eradication of caste.
4. • Pandita Ramabai wrote number of articles to improve the condition of women and even
nd
started Mukti mission and established Krupa Sadan for destitute women.
• Tarabai Shinde stood for women equality and wrote a book called stripurush Tulana and
ha
challenged the customs which were the cause of oppression of women.

• Begum Rokeya Sakhawat started schools for muslim girls.
C
TEST PAPER
S.

©
1. • Britishers took away raw-material from India.

• Indian market was flooded with cheap machine made goods.
• Indian cloth reaching the European markets was subject to high tariff.
• The fall of sales led to closure of factories.

25
2. • Number of teacher training schools were opened.

• Universities were established in Calcutta, Madras and Bombay.
• Network of Graded Schools from primary to secondary were introduced.
• Grants were given to schools who agreed to inspection by representatives of the govt.
3. • Translated vedas into Bengali.
ite
• Worked for the upliftment of women and got the law passed banning the sati system.
• Worked for women education.
m
• Started Brahmo Sabha and worked for the rights of women.
Li
1. Sir William Jones started the Asiatic Society as he was of the view that without knowing the
east, the history of man cannot be understood.
ny
2. • She founded the Arya Mahila Sabha and started the Mukti Mission which aimed at providing
housing, education and vocational training and medical services to women.
pa
• Started Krupa Sadan for the welfare of destitute women
3. Gave a boost to Indian textile and Iron industry.
om
1. Dacca 2. Cowasjee Nanabhai
C
3. Anglicist 4. Tarabai Shinde

d
CHAPTER - 10
An

nd
1. Battle scenes 2. Calcutta

3. Dinabandhu Mitra 4. Madras
ha
5. Mumbai 6. William Daniel

7. God and Goddesses 8. Indian mythology
9. Munshi Premchand 10. Bengal
C
11. Chennai
S.

1. Oil colours 2. William Daniel
©
3. Indian Mythology 4. Serampore

5. St. George

1.
True 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. True

26

Column A Column B
1. Godaan Munshi Premchand
2. Sare Jahan Se Achha Mohammad Iqbal
3. Santhome Cathedral Basilica Madras
d
4. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee Anandamath
ite
5. The Gateway of India Bombay
m
1. Conventional images of Gods and Goddesses and scenes from epics like Ramayana.
Li
2. To take back to their homeland images of their dominance and victories in battles.
3. Raja Ravi Verma.
ny
Set up the printing press in Bombay.
4. Gothic, Imperial, Christian and Victorian styles.
pa
5. Tyagaraja, Shyam Shastri and Muthu Swami.

om
1. • Battle scenes painted by the British focussed on carriage of the British flag, conquest of forts
and killing of Indian soldiers.
• Oil colours and paints were used.
C
• Concept of linear perspective was used.

2. • Hindu deities were painted on machine made paper.
d
• Use of ink from the soot from lamps.

An
• Romantic depiction of women.

• Satirical paintings depicting the hypocrisies of the newly rich and changing role of men and
women were depicted.
nd
3. • Improvement in creative writings in the form of prose, essays, short stories, drama etc.
• Writings started in English language also.
ha
• Newspapers, journals were printed.

• Rise of political consciousness could be seen in articles.
C
• Indian literature was more nationalist and reformist in thinking.

4. • Carnatic music spread in south.
S.
• Rabindra Sangeet became famous in Bengal.

• Music schools came up in Gwalior, Indore, Pune, Calcutta, Benaras etc.
• Development of Hindustani music.
©
• In Bengal Rabindra Nritya became famous.

• Uday Shanker established an institute of dance in Northern India.

27
CHAPTER - 11

1. Vernacular Press Act 2. Bombay
3. W. C. Banerjee 4. All of these
d
5. Punjab 6. Bal Gangadhar tilak
ite
7. 1905 8. Lord Curzon
9. Surat 10. Rashbehari Bose
m
11. Government of India Act of 1919 12. Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali
Li
13. Second Round Table Conference 14. Mohammad Ali Jinnah
15. Pandit Nehru
ny
1. Victoria
pa
2. Arms
3. 72 4. 1885
5. Rowlatt 6. Rabindranath Tagore
om
7. Motilal Nehru
8. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
C
9. Karachi
10. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
d

An
True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. False

1.
False 7. True 8. False 9. True 10. True
6.
nd

Column A Column B
ha
1. Lord Curzon Partition of Bengal

2. Agha Khan All India Muslim League
C
3. Morley Minto Reform Separate electorate for Muslims

4. Gandhiji Champaran
S.
E. Arrange in Order.
1. Formation of Indian National Congress
©
2. Surat split
3. Morley Minto reforms
4. Lucknow Pact
5. Govt. of India Act 1919
6. Non-Cooperation movement
28
7. Civil disobedience movement

8. Karachi Session
F. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. East India Association, Poona Sarvajanak Sabha, Indian Association, The Bombay Presidency
d
Association.
ite
2. A.O Hume in 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay.
3. They were denied promotions and were not appointed on higher posts.
m
4. Swadeshi means of your own country and boycott means to give up everything belonging to
British.
Li
5. They started agitation against this and all business came to stand still and people adopted new
methods of struggle like Swadeshi and Boycott.
ny
6. Bal Gangadhar Tilak – Maharashtra
Bipin Chandra Pal – Bengal
pa
Lala Lajpat Rai – Punjab
7. 1906 under the leadership of Agha Khan.
8. Surat split took place over the methods to be used by nationalists. Moderates wanted the methods
om
of petition and conciliation whereas extremists had no faith in British motives and believed in
confrontation.
9. They were forced to grow Indigo on their best soil and sell it at a low price fixed by the European
C
planters.
10. Agitated people had set the police station on fire and 22 policemen were killed. Gandhiji was
d
against the use of force.

An
11. Lord Mountbatten.

12. It provided separate seats for muslims, sikhs and harijans.
13. To see the working of the govt. of India Act 1919.
nd
• Not even a single Indian was a member of commission.

14. • Congress decided to participate in the second Round Table conference.
ha
• Govt. would release political prisoners.

15. • To secure the cooperation of Indians in their war efforts and it suggested full dominion status
C
to India after the war.

Nationalist rejected it as they demanded immediate self-govt.
S.
G. Answer the following questions in detail.

1. • Discriminated against the Indians with regard to their appointment in govt. Jobs.
©
• Maximum age limit for the ICS exam was brought down from 21 to 18 making it difficult
for Indian to compete.
• Vernacular act was passed which allowed govt. to confiscate the assets of newspapers who
published anything against British.
• Arms act forbade Indians to carry arms.

29
2. The early period of Indian National Congress was dominated by moderates who believed in
the policies of conciliation and had faith in the British govt.
Demands
• Holding of civil service exam in India and Indians to be appointed on higher positions.
• Freedom of speech and expression.
d
• Development of agriculture and industry.
ite
• To remove arms act.
m
• Reduction of high revenue demands.
• To increase the number of elected members in the legislative assembly.
Li
3. • Moderates had complete faith in British govt. whereas the extremist did not have faith.
• Moderates believed in the policy of conciliation whereas extremist in confrontation.
ny
• Moderates believed in petitions and resolutions whereas extremists believed in protests,
boycott etc.
pa
4. Lord Curzon.
The reason given him was that Bengal was too big a province to be administered so it was
om
divided into East and West Bengal.
Real reason – To break the growing solidarity of Bengali nationalism and to divide Hindus and
C
Muslims.
5. • Defence expenditure increased and to get more money govt. increased taxes which affected
d
the common man.

An
• Temporarily cotton and Iron industry got a boost as they had to support goods for war.
6. • He started against the injustice done to the people of Punjab during the Jallianwala Bagh
where Lord Curzon opened fire at a peaceful meeting of people killing thousands of people.
nd
• To ask for swaraj.

• Against the injustice done to Muslims by British by showing non-sympathetic attitude
ha
towards the Sultan of Turkey who was considered as Khalifa by Muslims.

7. • Setting up of bicameral legislature at the centre.
C
• System of Dyarchy was introduced in which provincial subjects were divided into reserved
and transferred.
S.
• Finance and police came under the control of the governor whereas education and public
health to ministers responsible to the legislature.
©
• Constituencies were fixed on communal basis and franchise was limited.

8. Revolutionaries
• Had no faith in the policies of moderates and extremists.
• Adopted violent means, organised secret societies, made bombs, collected weapons, looted
the govt. treasuries.

30
• Formed revolutionary associations abroad and distributed pamphlets.

• Aim was to kill British officers and create terror in their mind.
9. • Divide and rule policy of British govt.
• Separate electorates for the muslims.
d
• Two nation theory of Muhammad Ali Jinnah who believed that it was not possible for people
ite
of two communities to live harmoniously.
• Passing of Pakistan resolution in 1940 at the Lahore session of the Muslim league.
m
• Muslim league did not support Quit India movement.
• Call for Direct action by muslim league on 16 Aug 1946 to ask for Independent Pakistan.
Li
• Lord Mountbatten’s plan for Division of India.
10. • Gandhiji led three satyagrahas at Champaran in Bihar, Ahmedabad and Kheda in Gujarat.
ny

• He started the non-cooperation movement against the injustice done to Muslims and the
pa
people of Punjab.
• Made the national movement as mass movement.
om
• Started the Dandi March against the tax on salt.
• Started Quit India Movement large number of people joined it. Gave up their titles, boycotted
schools, offices etc. run by British.
C
11. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose –

• Supporter of Hindu-Muslim Unity.
d
• Established Indian National Army.

An
• Set up a radio network in South East Asia in order to appeal to the people both in India and
outside.
nd
• Started ‘Delhi Chalo’ mission.

• He dreamt of a classless society with no caste barriers.
ha
C
CHAPTER - 12

S.
1. Junagadh 2. SardarVallabhbhai Patel

3. Maharaja Hari Singh 4. Dr B R Ambedkar
©

5. 26 Jan 1950 6. Shri Potti Sreeramulu
7. 1952 8. 1966
9. Sri Lanka 10. SardarVallabhbhai Patel

31

1. 1950 2. Potti Sreeramulu
3. 1966 4. 1962
5. Myanmar 6. Bhutan, Nepal
d
ite
1. False 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. False
m
1. In 1929 at the Lahore session of the congress it had been decided to celebrate 26 Jan. 1930
Li
as the Independence day. Since the actual independence took place on 15 August 1947, they
decided to honour that historic day of 26 Jan. as equally important date.
ny
2. After independence, the development of India was required. So to make plans and policies for
a balanced economic development of the country planning commission was set up.
pa
3. Both govt and private entrepreneurs take part in the development process.
4. • Non-alignment.
om
• Peaceful co-existence.
C
1. • Rehabiliation of Refugees – To provided food, clothing, shelter and jobs to the people who
migrated to India.
d
• Economic development – To set up industries and infrastruce, to improve agriculture.

An
• To unite the princely states into India as one strong country.

2. • Pakistan raiders came to capture Kashmir.
nd
• Maharaja of Kashmir sought India’s assistance to prevent the capture.

• He signed the instrument of accession on 27 Oct 1947. Indian army was sent to fight the
ha
Pakistanis.
• Finally in 1948 cease fire took place.
C
3. • Helped India to achieve self-sufficiency and advancement in the field of agriculture, industry,
irrigation.
S.
• Balanced economic development of the country.

4. • Act was passed in 1956.
©
• Old states were dissolved and new state were created on the basis of language and ethnic
demography.
• Tamil Nadu was created.
• In 1960 Maharashtra and Gujarat were created out of Bombay state.
• In 1966 Punjab was divided into Punjab and Haryana.

32
5. • After the Second World War, many countries of the world had grouped together and there
were two power blocks –the American-led group of countries and the Russian group. India
adopted a new policy of Non-Alignment with any group and remained neutral.
• The principle of Non-Alignment was to ensure India’s freedom of action internationally and
not to align with any power block, particularly those led by the United States or the Soviet
d
Union.
ite
• Non-Alignment remained a consistent feature of Indian foreign policy.
6. • China: China has had discord with India on the border issue. It has a difference of opinion
m

on the alignment as given out by the McMahon Line and has laid claims on several areas
Li
of Indian territory. It also feels that Indian support to the Buddhist leader Dalai Lama is an
interference in its internal matters. It attacked India in 1962 and maintains a slightly aggressive
ny
policy towards India. Talks are on between the two countries to resolve the border dispute
peacefully and improve trade which would be beneficial to both the countries.
pa
• Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka has had close relations with India since ancient times. It has lot of
local linguistic and ethnical affinity with the state of Tamil Nadu. When they faced some
om
internal strife, the Indian forces was sought by them to help fight the insurgents. Indian Peace
Keeping Forces (IPKF) were sent in to the island nation and later recalled after stabilising
C
the situation and handing over the situation to the sovereign government there.
d
TEST PAPER
An
1. Answer the following questions in detail.

1. • Battle scenes painted by the British focussed on carriage of British flag, conquest of
nd

forts etc.
ha
• Use of oil colours and paints.

• Concept of linear perspective was used.
2. • Friendly attitudes towards British.
C

• Peaceful and constitutional methods.
S.
• Criticised the govt. through press.

• Believed in the policy of conciliation rather than confrontation.
3. • Fought for the rights of Indigo peasants in Champaran and mill workers in Ahmedabad.
©

• Started non-cooperation movement against the injustice done to the people of Punjab.
• Made national movement as mass movement.
• Started Dandi March against tax on salt.
• Started Quit India Movement in 1942.

33
2. Answer the following questions briefly:

1. • Paintings were done on cloth.
• Depicted images of God and Goddesses.
2. • Both moderates and extremists decided to work together.
d
• Muslim league and Indian national congress also decided to work together.
ite
3. • To look into the working of govt. of India Act 1919.
3. Fill in the blanks.
m
1. 1885 2. Bombay
Li
3. 1956 4. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
ny
pa
om
C
d
An
nd
ha
C
S.
©

LESSON PLAN FOR GEOGRAPHY
Periods & Time Contents/Flow Chart Expected Learning Outcomes

Allocated
d
Chapter 1: Resources
ite
5 periods • What are resources? To enable students to understand
the meaning of ‘Resource’,
m
40 minutes each • Value of resources
• Types of Resources: Natural resources, human made its types and their respective
importance & utility.
Li
resources and human resources
• Conservation of Resources: Sustainable development Students should understand the
need of conserving resources and
ny
prevent wasteful exploitation of
resources
Chapter 2: Land, Soil and Water
pa
5 periods • Land: Land use, landslides and conservation of land To enable students to understand the
om interrelationship of various resources
40 minutes each • Soil: Factors of soil formation, layers of soil, types of
soil, degradation of soil and methods of soil conservation and how the use of a resource affects
• Water: Distribution of water, problems of water other resources.
To make students understand the
C
availability and conservation and management of water
need to conserve resources and
their prevent wasteful exploitation.
d
To understand how human activity

An
impacts the quality of natural

resources like land and water.
Chapter 3: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources
nd
6 periods • Natural Vegetation: Distribution of natural vegetation, To make students understand as to

40 minutes each types of forests and importance of forests how human activity impacts the
ha
• Forest Fires: Causes of forest fire, effects of forest fire quality of natural resources like
and prevention and control of fire vegetation and wildlife.
• Wildlife: Distribution of wildlife, wildlife in India and Students should be able to
C
importance of wildlife comprehend the need and

• Reasons for the loss of natural vegetation and wildlife: importance of preservation of
wildlife.
S.
areas of conservation and efforts to conserve natural

vegetation and wildlife
Chapter 4: Mineral and Power Resources
©

5 periods • Minerals: Types of minerals, extraction of minerals, To facilitate understanding on
40 minutes each distribution of minerals in the world, mineral distribution extraction and use of minerals from
in India, Uses of minerals and conservation of minerals their natural form.
• Power Resources: Uses of power and classification of To provide an in-depth knowledge
power resources about conventional and non-
conventional resources.
34

35
Periods & Time Contents/Flow Chart Expected Learning Outcomes

Allocated
Chapter 5: Agriculture
d
5 periods • Agriculture as a primary activity To develop understanding
40 minutes each • Farm System: Types of Farming about agriculture as one of
ite
• Major Crops: Food Crops, Fibre Crops and Beverage Crops the fundamental activities of
national economy.
• Agricultural Development
To help students understand the
m
• A Farm In India cropping patterns and the effect
• A Farm in the USA of climate on the crops.
Li
Chapter 6: Industries
ny
6 periods • Industries: Primary Sector, Secondary Sector and Tertiary Student should be able to
40 minutes each Sector understand and appreciate the
pa
• Manufacturing Sector: Classification based on raw material types of industries and their
usage, classification based on size and classification based importance.
on ownership To help students comprehend
om
• Factors Affecting location of industries: Industrial System and analyze the peculiarities of
and Industrial Regions Industries in India and compare
• Distribution of Major Industries them with those of other
C
countries.
• Iron and Steel Industry: Tata Iron and Steel Company
(TISCO)- Jamshedpur
d
• Cotton Textile Industry: Ahmedabad –Manchester of India

and Osaka in Japan- Manchester of Japan
An
• Service Sector: Information Technology and Comparison of

IT Industry in Silicon Valley and Bangalore
Chapter 7: Human Resources
nd

5 periods • Human Resource: Ways to enhance the human resource To enable students to
ha
40 minutes each • Distribution of Population: Factors affecting distribution of understand as to how important
population is the human resource which
• Population Density can convert the gifts of nature
C
• Population Change: Reasons of migration, causes of increase into items of utility.

in population and population explosion Students should be able to
S.
• Population Composition: Literacy amongst the population, understand the factors affecting
gender and literacy and population pyramids the distribution of population
©

GEOGRAPHY : RESOURCE AND DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER - 1
d
ite
1. Actual and potential 2. Actual resources
3. Plants 4. Air
m

5. Renewable resource 6. Change with time
Li
7. All of these 8. Coal
9. Both (i) and (ii) 10. Dams
ny
1. Resource 2. Asthetic
pa
3. Distribution 4. Man-made
5. Renewable
om
1.
True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True
C
D. Distinguish between:
1.
d
An
Abiotic Biotic
• All natural non-living resources. • All living organisms on the earth.
• Land, water, air, rocks. • Animals, plants, human being.
nd
2.
ha
Actual Potential
• Resources whose quanity is known • Resources whose quanity is not
C
and are used in various ways in known and may not be used in
present times. present times.
S.
• Petroleum in West Asia Dark soil • Uranium found in Ladakh may

of Deccan. be used in future.
• Sea water may be used in future
©
by taking out salinity.
36

37
3.
Renewable Non-renewable
• Can be renewed with human effort. • Rate of formation is very slow,
take millions of years of formation.
d
• Are unlimited. • Limited in nature.
ite
• Solar energy, wind, tidal energy. • Coal, oil etc.
4.
m
Ubiquitious Localised
• Found everywhere. • Found in specific areas.
Li
• Air, water, sunlight. • Mineral oil, coal etc.
5.
ny
Natural Man-made
pa
• Provided by nature. • Made by human efforts.
• Plants, animals, land, air water. • Dams, schools, roads, factories etc.
om
E. Match the following.
Column A Column B
1. Biotic resources Refers to all living organisms like plants and Animals
C
2. Potential Resources Resources whose quantity is not known

3. Sustainable development Reduce reuse recycle
d
4. Ubiquitous Resources Resources that are found everywhere like Air.

An
5. Abiotic resources Natural resources that are non-living.

6. Non Renewable resources They can get exhausted
nd
1. Things which are provided to us by nature in the form of air, water, soil, natural vegetation etc.
2. Any substance that is used by us in any form makes it a resource.
ha
3. Natural, man-made, humans.

4. Natural resources are classified on the basis of their development, origin, renewability and
C
distribution.
5. Resources whose quantity is known and are used in various ways at present.
S.
6. It may be used in future with the advancement of technology.

7. All living resources on the earth like plants and animals.
8. Renewable – solar and tidal energy.
©
Non-renewable – coal and oil.

9. Resources that are found everywhere like the air we breathe.
10. Human beings with their skill and technology and hardwork utilise the natural resources.
11. • Rain-water harvesting.
• By reducing the consumption of petrol with the help of car-pool.
• Recycling old papers and magazines.

38
12. • Minimise and reduce the depletion of natural resource.

• Respect and take care of all forms of life, that is both plants and animals.
1. On the basis of renewability the resources can be classified as renewable and non-renewable.
d
Renewable resources can be replenished with human effort. They are unlimited in nature like
ite
solar, wind and tidal energy. Soil is a renewable resource but careless use can lead to its depletion.
Non-renewable are limited in nature and their rate of formation is very slow and may take
thousands of years to form. For example coal, oil etc.
m
2. Human beings with their skill and technology as well as hard work convert natural resources
Li
into items of utility. Economic prosperity of the country depends on them. They have converted
solar energy into solar power, water into hydroelectricity etc.
3. We need to conserve the resources so that the future generations can utilise the resources.
ny
Without petroleum, the industries will close down, transport will be affected. Life will come
to standstill. To avoid this situation, we need to conserve resources.
pa
• By switching off the lights when not in use.
• By using waste water from RO plant to water the plants.
om
• By checking any leakage of water in pipes.
4. Refers to careful utilisation of resources so that we can use them for our present but also take
care for our future generation.
C
It can be done by respecting all forms of life, by reducing the consumption of oil and water, by
recycling old newspapers and magazines.
d
An
CHAPTER - 2
nd

1. 30 % 2. All of these
ha
3. All of these 4. Parent Rock

5. Iron 6. Conserve soil
C
7. Dry areas 8. All of these

S.
1. Private 2. Landslide
3. Soil erosion 4. thorny bushes
©
5. thickness 6. humus
7. Laterite 8. black
9. water 10. Legumes
11. Salty 12. Water

39

1.
True 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. False 6. False
7.
False 8. False 9. True 10. False 11. True 12. True
d
Column A Column B
ite
1. Humus Decayed remains of plants and animals
2. Alluvial Soil Fertile soil formed by clay and silt
m
3. Top Soil Layer of soil rich in humus
Li
4. Afforestation Planting of trees
5. Terrace farming On steps made on slopes of the hills
ny
6. Soil erosion Removal of top Soil
7. Landslide Movement of large part of soil down a slope
pa
8. Private Land Land owned by individual
9. Community Land Land used for recreation, medical facilities etc.
om
10. Prevention of land slide Soil testing and planned construction
11. Deforestation Cutting down of trees
C

1. • Varied characteristics of land and climate.
d
• Rugged topography.
An
• Steep slopes of mountains.

2. On the basis of ownership - Private and community land.
3. Soil, climate, topography, climate, mineral and availability of water.
nd
4. It is a geological phenomenon wherein huge chunks of top soil of earth slides down.
5. Volcanic eruptions, earthquake, lack of vegetation, heavy rain and snow.
ha
6. • Damage to life and property.

• Disrupt road and rail traffic.
C
• Affect power and telecommunication.

7. Top soil, sub soil, weathered rocks and unweathered rocks.
S.

8. Removal of top layer of soil due to natural causes like floods etc. or due to human activities.
9. In hilly areas steps are built into the side of a hill to do farming. On each step, crops are
©
planted.
10. Bare ground between plants is covered with grasses.
11. The rocks slow down the flow of water and reduce soil loss.
12. Storing of rainwater in especially made underground water reservoir for recycling.

40

1. Govt. policy, level of technology and human population has led to the change in the use of land.
With the discovery of agriculture they started to cut trees, with the discovery of metal mining
started. Cultivable land is used to make factories, houses, hospitals, schools etc. to meet the
increasing needs of the people.
d
2. • By planting trees.
ite
• Checking overgrazing by animals.
• Checking the spread of sand-dunes by planting thorny bushes.
m
• Regulating the use of chemical pesticides.
Li
3. It is formed over a period of time. It depends upon climate, vegetation nature of parent rock
and topography.
ny
Parent rock – Determines the colour, texture, mineral content.
Climate – temp., rainfall.
pa
Topography – Altitude
Organic material – Flora and fauna om
Time – Thickness of soil profile.
4. Alluvial – Very fertile, found in northern plains and delta.
Black – retains moisture, sticky and wet found in Deccan Plateau.
C
Red – Red due to presence of iron, coarse and porous. Found in eastern deccan plateau.
Laterite – Not very fertile, found in hills of western ghats.
d
Desert – Sandlike, found in Rajasthan.

An
Mountain – Fertile with humus, found in hilly areas of J and K.

5. • Cutting of trees.
nd
• Heavy rainfall.
• Improper tilling.
ha
• Leaving lands vacant for a long time.

• Natural agents like wind.
6. • Increase in population.
C
• Contamination of water bodies due to dumping of industrial waste.

S.
• Unequal rainfall.
• Careless use of water by human beings.
7. • By planting more trees.
©
• By recycling of used water.

• Rainwater harvesting in which rainwater is stored in especially made huge underground
tanks.
• Proper irrigation using sprinklers.
• By checking leakage in pipes and judicious use of water at home.

41
CHAPTER - 3

1. Tundra vegetation 2. Deciduous
d
3. Oxygen and Carbon di-Oxide 4. All of these
ite
5. Snow covered region 6. Predation
B. Fill in the Blanks.
m
1. Grasslands 2. 140cm
Li
3. 1/3 4. Germination
5. Pollen 6. Wildlife.
ny
7. Paper 8. Oils
9. Tundra
pa
C. State whether true or false. om
1.
False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. False
6.
False 7. False 8. False 9. True 10. True
C

Column A Column B
d
1. Predation Interaction between species in which

An
one species uses another species as food

2. Pollination Transfer of pollen in the reproduction of plants
3. Germination Plant emerges from a seed.
nd
4. Regulative function of forest Balance of O2 and CO2

5. Natural cause of fire Lightning
ha
6. Evergreen forests Areas of rainfall more than 140cm

C

1. Evergreen.
S.
2. They do not have particular season to shed their leaves.

3. • Loss of timber
©
• Loss of wildlife
• Loss of livelihood for tribal people.
4. By educating the people about the effects of callous lightening in the jungle.
By placement of sensors.
5. It is a process by which pollen is transferred in the reproduction of plants, thereby enabling
production of seeds.

42
6. It is a complex relationship between all the living organisms and other things.
7. To protect the various species of animals and birds.

1. Forests-Found in areas of heavy rainfall.
d

Grasslands-In the areas of moderate rainfall. The trees are short.
ite

Scrubs- In the dry areas of low rainfall. They have deep roots and waxy leaves.
m
Tundra- In the cold polar areas vegetation comprises of mosses and lichen.

2. Check soil erosion and land degradation.
Li
Protection to wildlife.
ny
Help to conserve water.
3. Forest Fire- It is a fire in combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside or a wild area.
pa
Natural Causes- Due to lightening and high temperature and low humidity.
Man Made- By smoldering butts of cigarettes, electric spark etc.
om
4. Wildlife plays an important role in the ecological and biological processes that are significant
to life.
It plays an important role in pollination, germination, seed dispersal etc.
C
5. Loss of natural vegetation and wildlife is taking place due to the following reasons:
d
• Cutting of trees for agriculture

An
• Soil erosion causes loss of vegetation

• Forest fire affects the habitat of animals
• Poaching of wildlife for their skin, fur, teeth etc.
nd
• Due to tsunami, landslide etc.

6. Wildlife can be preserved by the following ways:
ha
• Building national parks and wildlife sanctuaries

• Awareness through media
C
• Van mahotsava
• Putting a ban on hunting and punishment to those who flout the laws
S.
• Breeding certain species in controlled environment.

7. We should control forest fire due to the following reasons:
©
• To save our forests

• To save timber
• To save wildlife and their habitat
• To avoid smoke

43
CHAPTER - 4

1. Igneous and metamorphic rocks 2. Drilling
d
3. Brazil 4. Three mineral Zones
ite
5. South Africa 6. Asia
7. Kolar fields in Karnataka 8. Coal
m
9. Water 10. Maharashtra
11. Coal 12. Gold
Li
13. Silicon 14. Salt
15. Coal
ny
B. Fill in the Blanks.
pa
1. Chemical 2. Ferrous and non-ferrous
3. Coal 4. Salt, Rajasthan om
5. Conventional 6. Buried sunshine
1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. False
C
6. True 7. False 8. True 9. False 10. True

D. Differentiate.
d
An
1. Metallic Non-metallic
• Found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. • Found in sedimentary rocks.
• Good conductor of electricity, • Non malleable, do not have lustre.
nd
malleable have shine.

• Cooper, zinc, iron. • Coal, mica, gypsum.
ha
2. Ferrous Non-ferrous
• Have iron content. • Non iron content but have other metals.
C
• Iron ore, chromites. • Gold, silver.

3. Conventional Non-conventional
S.
• Have been in use over a long period. • Are being exploited now.
• They will be depleted fast. • Most of them are renewable.
©
• Cause pollution. • Pollution free.

• Coal, petroleum. • Bio-gas, solar energy.
4. Solar energy Wind energy
• Sun is the source. • Wind is the source.
• Affected by clouds, fog etc. • Not affected by clouds, fog etc.

44

Column A Column B
1. Quarrying Minerals are simply dug out from the surface of the earth
2. Shaft mining Minerals are extracted from deep down the surface by
d
digging deep bores
3. Solar energy
ite
Non-Conventional resource
4. Coal and firewood Conventional resources
5. Non-metallic minerals Sedimentary rocks
Li
1. Naturally occuring substances which have a definite chemical composition.
ny
2. They have metals in raw form.
3. Metallic – Copper, iron.
pa
Non-metallic – Mica, Coal.
4. Ferrous minerals have iron content.
om
5. Mining, open cast mining, shaft mining, drilling, quarrying.
6. When the minerals are not very deep down from the surface of the earth.
7. When mineral deposits are extracted from deep down the earth surface.
C
8. Drilling into the earth surface with huge machines to extract gas or oil.
9. Marbles are extracted by the method of quarrying.
d
10. Asia, India, China and Siberia.

An
11. Iron, nickel, titanium, manganese lead and zinc.

12. • Canadian Region North of the Great lakes.
nd
• Appalachian Region.
• Western Cordilleras.
13. Copper, high grade iron ore, oil and natural gas.
ha
14. Australia is rich in Copper, Bauxite, Gold, Uranium and Zinc.

C
Antarctica – Iron ore.

15. Sambhar lake in rajasthan, Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, Coast of Gujarat and Tamil
S.
Nadu.
16. Silicon – Computer and electronic industry.
Petroleum – Chemical, tansportation, lubricants.
©
17. • By having car pool.

• Using public transport.
18. Firewood, coal, petroleum, hydel power and natural gas.
19. As it is a source of energy and is found buried deep into the earth.
20. Petroleum.

45
21. Advantages – Pollution free, is cheap and usable.

Disadvantages – Expensive and time consuming and leads to displacement of people.
22. Bhakra Nangal, Damodar Valley, Nagarjuna Sagar, Gandhi Sagar.
23. Using sunlight solar cells are joined together to make solar panels which convert the solar
d
energy into electricity.
24. Cluster of windmills spread over an area.
ite
25. Requires a vast area, produces low quantity of energy.
26. Tarapur in Maharashtra, Narora in U.P, Kaiga in Karnataka.
m
27. Energy derived from the heated groundwater flowing upwards like hot springs to generate
Li
electricity.
28. Dams are built at the opening of narrow creeks and turbines at the base of these dams generate
ny
electricity by the movement of water through these dams.
29. Locally produced and has very negligible cost, waste products are good source of manure.
pa
1. Open Cast mining – Minerals are extracted by removing the top surface as minerals are not

om
very deep down in the earth.
Shaft mining – In this deep bores called shafts are dug to extract minerals.
C
Drilling – Drilling is done in the earth to take out oil.

2. Importance of minerals –
d
• To run industries we need coal, iron, oil etc.

An
• To run means of transport oil and petrol is required.

• To have electricity we need coal.
nd
• Petroleum is used in fertilizer and chemical industry.

• Copper and Aluminium are used for making of wires and utensils etc.
ha
• Iron is used for all kind of construction.

3. Wind mills are installed in open fields which move with the wind and generate power.
C
Advantages – Pollution free and comparatively free.

Disadvantages – Requires a vast area, electricity produced is very little.
S.
4. It is derived from the heat inside the earth. The heat escapes at certain places and creates hot
springs.
©
It is not widespread source of energy and it can run out of steam over a period of time.
5. • By using public transport.
• By switching off lights when not in use.
• By use of car pool.
• Using more of solar and tidal energy etc.

46
TEST PAPER
Based on Chapters 1, 2, 3 & 4
I. Define the terms.

1. Natural Resources – Material objects and energy resources that exist in the environment around
d
us.
ite
2. Pollination – Process by which pollen is transferred in the reproduction of plants, thereby
enabling production of seeds.
m
3. Landslide – Refer to movement of large chunks of rocks along with soil down a slope.
4. Geothermal Energy – Energy derived from the heated groundwater flowing upwards like hot
Li
springs to generate electricity.
II. Answer the following questions in detail.
ny
1. On the basis of renewability the resources can be classified as renewable and non-renewable.
pa
Renewable resources can be replenished with human effort. They are unlimited in nature
like solar, wind and tidal energy. Soil is a renewable resource but careless use can lead to its
depletion.
om
Non-renewable are limited in nature and their rate of formation is very slow and may take
thousands of years to form. For example coal, oil etc.
2. Removal of top layer of soil due to natural causes like floods etc. or due to human activities.
C
Soil conservation:
d
• Afforestation – Planting more trees as roots help to bind soil.

An
• Mulching – Bare ground between plants is covered with short grasses.

• Terrace Farming – In hilly areas steps are built into the side of a hill to do farming.
3. It is called black gold as it is most extensively used as a means of generation of power.
nd
• Formed by the dead marine organisms which got decayed over a period of time and converted
into oil due to the pressure and heat inside the earth.
• Chief producers – Middle East, U.S.A, Russia and Algeria etc.
ha
III. Answer the following questions briefly.

C
1. • Do not cause pollution.

• Are renewable.
S.
2. • Due to construction activities and setting up of industries.

• Forest fire.
©
IV. Fill in the blanks.

1. Tropical Deciduous 2. humus
3. Ubiquitous 4. Tamil Nadu

47
CHAPTER - 5

1. Brazil 2. Primary Activities
d
3. Shifting Cultivation 4. China
ite
5. Jute 6. Fiber Crop
7. Black and alluvial soil 8. Brazil
m
9. U.S.A 10. Cool climate and well distributed rainfall
11. Primary industries 12. Weeding
Li
13. Pisciculture 14. Jute
15. Maize
ny
1. Cotton 2. Green
pa
3. Tertiary 4. Human
5. Asia
om
1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True
C
D. Distinguish between:
d
1. Subsistence Commercial Farming

An
• Done to meet the needs of farmer himself. • Done to sell the crop in the market to get profit.
• It involves household labour with low-level • Done on a large field with the help of machinery.
technology on a small piece of land.
nd
2. Primary Activities Secondary Activities

• It involves extraction, collection and • It involves processing resources obtained from
ha
production of natural resources. the primary activity.

• Agriculture, fishing, mining. • Steel plant, oil refineries.
C

Column A Column B
S.

1. Wheat and rice Food crops
2. Millets Jowar, bajra
©
3. Golden fiber Jute

4. Black soil Cotton
5. Tea Grown on hill slopes
6. Commercial grain farming Cash crops
7. Sericulture Rearing of silk crops
8. Pisciculture Art and science of breeding fish

48

1. Activities which involve extraction, collection and production of natural resources.
2. Transport, Trade.
3. The land where crops are grown.
4. Sunshine, temperature, rainfall, soil, slope, drainage, seeds, manure, length of growing
d
season etc.
ite
5. Commercial grain farming, mixed farming and plantations.
6. Herdsmen move from one place to another with their animals in search of fodder and water.
m
7. Rubber, tea, coffee.
Li
8. Jute, cotton.
9. It needs dry and mild climate to grow food and needs warmth and sunshine at the time of
ny
ripening of crop.
10. Due to its colour and high value.
pa
11. Grows well on black and alluvial soil.
• Needs a long frost free period with plenty of sunshine and moderate rainfall.
om
1. Farm system involves – physical and human inputs.
C
Physical – Sunshine, temp., seeds, soil drainage, manure etc.
Human – labour, money, machinery, fertilizers, storage etc.
d
Inputs are processed and the outcome is the crop.

2. Cultivation done by nomads in which they clear a plot of land by felling the trees and burning
An
them. Ashes are mixed with the soil and crops are grown. Once the soil loses its fertility, the
land is abandoned and cultivators move to new area.
3. Soil and climate for wheat.
nd
• Loamy soil.
• Dry and mild climate to grow.
ha
• Needs sunshine at the time of ripening.

Rice:
C
Soil – Clayey.
• Requires large amount of water for initial and subsequent growth.
S.
4. A process of large scale production of crops for sale in the market.

Commercial Grain Farming – Crops like wheat, rice and maize are grown to sell in the market.
©
It requires good machinery for ploughing, harvesting etc.

Plantation – Large amount of labour and capital is required. Normally industry which processes
the output of these farms is located in the nearby areas.
5. • Use of high yielding variety of seeds.
• Manures and fertilizers.
• Soil testing.

49
• Use of insecticides and pesticides.

• Consolidation of land holdings.
• Use of machinery.
6. In USA farms are large, farmers are educated, high-yielding variety of seeds are used, soil
d
testing is done, machinery is used for sowing, ploughing and harvesting. They have better
storage facilities etc.
ite
7. Tea and Coffee
Tea – Requires cool climate and well distributed rainfall and requires loamy soil.
m
Coffee – Warm and wet climate and well drained loamy soil.
Li
ny
CHAPTER - 6
pa
1. Tertiary sector 2. Marine based
om
3. Cooperative 4. All of these
5. Jamshedpur 6. 1907
7. Jharia 8. Pittsburgh
C

9. Black soil 10. Osaka
d
B. State whether true or false.

An
1.
6.
False 7. True 8. True 9. False 10. False
nd
1. Manufacturing 2. Tertiary
ha
3. Private Sector 4. Ahmedabad

5. 1984, Union Carbide 6. Silicon
C

Column A Column B
S.
1. Industrial region Large concentration of industrial centres

2. Tertiary Sector Provides services like banking, transport etc
©
3. Ahmedabad Manchester of India

4. Marine Based Sea Food
5. Iron and Steel industry Jamshedpur
6. Cooperative Sector Amul

50

1. Production of an economic good or service within an economy.
2. Primary, secondary and tertiary.
3. It involves provision of services like banking, Insurance, information technology.
d
4. Raw material, size and ownership.
5. Industry which works on produce of agricultural sector like.
ite
• Sugar industry dependent on sugarcane.
m
• tea industry on tea leaves.
6. Iron, copper, petrochemicals.
Li
7. They are labour intensive.
8. Private, Public, Joint, Cooperative.
ny
9. Tata Iron and Steel – Jamshedpur.
Cotton – Ahmedabad.
pa
10. In 1907 by Jamshedji Tata.
11. Ahmedabad.
om
12. Yodo river.
13. Information technology.
14. Accidents occurring in the industries due to technical failure or irresponsible handling of
C
machinery by human beings.

15. In December, 1984 at Union Carbide Factory in Bhopal.
d

An
1. On the basis of Raw-material

• Agro based – Derive raw-material from fields like sugar industry.
nd
• Mineral based – Minerals are processed like Iron industry.

• Marine based – works on raw materials obtained from oceans like sea food.
ha
• Forest based – Process forest produce like wood industry.

Ownership
C
• Private – owned by individual.

S.
• Public – owned and operated by govt.

• Joint sector – Joint ownership of both govt and private individuals.
• Cooperative – owned and operated by producers and suppliers of raw materials.
©
2. Small scale industries need small amount of capital and infrastructure.

Traditional small scale industries include Khadi and handloom, village industries, sericulture and coir.
They are labour intensive while modern small scale industries use machinery and employ people.
3. Industrial system include Inputs like land, labour, machinery, raw-material and these are
processed in industry and end product is sold in the market. Example – wool is collected from
sheep, refined by machines, converted to yarn and balls are made and garment is made.

51
4. • Well connected by road to Kolkata, Bokaro and Dhanbad.

• Easy availability of water from rivers subarnarekha and Kharkai.
• Gets coal from Jharia, Iron from Singhbhum.
• Kolkata is the main market and a port is about 250 km.
d
• Labour is easy and cheaply available.
ite
5. • Availability of cotton and humid climate.
• Labour comes from nearby areas.
m
• Land and power are available.
Li
• Trading facilities are available at Kandla port and Mumbai.
6. • Good humid climate for spinning and weaving of yarn.
ny
• Cheap labour.
• River Yodo provides water.
pa
• Port helps in export and import.
7. Service sector provides services to industries. It involves transport, distribution and resale of
om
goods from producer to consumer or may involve the services like entertainment, health etc.
8. It deals with storage, processing and distribution of information.
The main factors guiding the development of IT industry are availability of infrastructure, low
C
cost and availability of educated human resource.

IT industry in India are in Bangalore, Hyderabad. In U.S.A silicon valley in California.
d
9. They take place because warning systems are not in place, industries are located close to
An
residential areas, man-power is not trained to handle toxic matter.

10. • Warning system should be in place.
nd
• Man-power is to be trained.
• Fire-fighting measures should be adopted.
ha
• Industries should be away from the residential areas.

C
CHAPTER - 7
S.

1. All of these 2. Thickly populated
©

3. Indus 4. Information Technology Centre
5. Immigation 6. More number of young people and less number of old
7. both (a) and (b) 8. a narrow base and equally narrow top
9. 1.8% 10. 20° and 60° North

52
B. State whether true or false.

1.
True 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. True
6.
d
1. Plains 2. low
ite
3. thickly 4. per square
5. 364 persons per sq km 6. 90%
m
7. Birth-rate 8. emigration
Li
9. 1.8% 10. 40%
11. Japan 12. Food
ny
Column A Column B
pa
1. Population Density Number of people living in per square Km of an area
2. Emigration People moving out of country
om
3. Immigration People from outside coming into any territory
4. Population Pyramid Graphical representation of the age, sex composition of a population
5. Population Composition
C
Structure of population
6. Plains Thickly Populated
d

An
1. In search of Job, higher education and better medical facilities.

2. Better educational facilities and job opportunities in Information technology centre.
3. Vrindavan, Madurai, Tirupati, Varanasi.
nd

4. South and South East Asia and Europe and North America due to large land mass.
5. Change in the number of people living in an area during a specific time.
ha

6. It can be calculated by subtracting the number of deaths + emigrants from the number of births
+ immigrants.
C
7. It means the structure of the population. It gives us information about the age, sex, literacy
S.
level, health, occupation and income level of a population.

8. Population pyramid of India has a broad base which shows that country has a number of young
people whereas in Japan base is narrow which shows low birth rates and young people are less
©
and large population is of old people.

1. • Providing them with good education.
• Balanced food.

53
• Availability of tools, machines and implements.

• Healthy environment.
• Good opportunities for training.
2. Natural resources have been available from time immemorial but it is the human resource which
d
has been able to create energy out of these resources.
ite
• Human resource has also brought in technology which has affected every aspect of their life
be it health, transportation, etc.
m
3. • Topography – People prefer to live in plains than mountains as land is flat and fertile and
good for agriculture and it is easier to lay down roads, rail lines etc.
Li
• Climate – People prefer to live in moderate climate. deserts, colder regions and deserts are
sparsely populated.
ny
Soil – River valleys are thickly populated as the soil is fertile whereas in deserts the soil is
sandy and doesn’t support much vegetation.
pa
4. • It has led to lack of space and food.
• Leading to increased unemployment.
om
• Shortage of raw-materials and housing.
• Deforestation and causing ecological imbalances.
C
5. • On the horizontal axis, the percentage of people subdivided into the male and female
population are drawn.
d
• On vertical axis, the age group in years is plotted.

An
• Total population is divided into various age groups.

• Two horizontal lines are drawn, one at the age group of 15 and another one at the age group
of 65.
nd
7. Broad base pyramid:

• Shows number of younger age group people.
ha
• Shows strong young labour force.

• Death rate amongst the very young are decreasing.
C
Rapid narrow base:

• Less number of young people.
S.
• Low birth rate.

• Due to decreased death rate almost the same number of people reach the old age.
8. Population pyramid of India has a broad base which shows that country has a number of young
©
people whereas in Japan there is a low birth rate and young people are less and large population
is of old people.

54
TEST PAPER
1. Tertiary Activities – It supports primary and secondary sector through various services like
d
banking, transport etc.
ite
2. Mixed Farming – Rearing of cattle and growing of crops on the farm.
3. Marine based industry – Industry which works on or processes raw material obtained from
m
oceans, rivers etc.
Li
4. Growth rate – Difference between the birth rate and the death rate.
ny
1. Soil and climate for rice:
pa
• Clayey soil.
• Needs large amount of water for growth.
om
• Cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas.
Wheat:
C
• Grown on loamy soil.
• Requires warmth and sunshine at the time of ripening.
d
• Needs a dry and mild climate to grow.

An
2. Industrial system:
• Requires Inputs like raw-material labour, machinery, communication.
• Processing – change of raw-material to finished product in factory.
nd
• Output – End product to be sold in the market.

Example: Wool is collected from sheep, processed in industry and yarn or dress is sold in
ha
the market.
3. • Climate – People prefer to live in moderate climate. Plains are thickly populated whereas
C
mountains are sparsely populated.

• Topography – Plains are good for construction of houses, roads, railway lines, factories etc.
S.
as compared to mountains.
Soil – Fertile soil provides good agricultural facilities.
©
Water – People prefer to live in areas where there is easy availability of water.

55

1. • In search of better Job opportunities.
• For better facilities of education, health etc.
2. • Good humid climate for spinning and weaving of yarn.
d
• Port facility for export and import.
ite
m
1. Population density 2. black
3. Tertiary 4. Slash
Li

ny
pa
om
C
d
An
nd
ha
C
S.
©

LESSON PLAN FOR SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE
Periods & Time Contents/Flow Chart Expected Learning

Allocated Outcomes
d
Chapter 1: The Indian Constitution
ite
5 periods • What is Constitution?: Importance of Constitution To enable students to
m
40 minutes each • Drafting the Indian Constitution understand the basic features
of the constitution of India
Li
• Features of our Constitution: Federalism,
Parliamentary form of Government, Separation of and have an insight into the
Powers, Universal Adult Franchise, Fundamental Fundamental Rights they
ny
Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles enjoy as citizens of India.
of State Policy
pa
Chapter 2: Understanding Secularism
om
6 periods • What is Secularism? Students should understand
40 minutes each • Understanding Secularism: Positive ideals in a how the Constitution of
secular society and why secularism? India provides equal rights
C
• Secularism in India to the people of the country

to follow, practice and
• Secularism in India and USA- A Comparison
d
preach the religion of their

An
choice and to live without

fear.
Chapter 3: The Need of a Parliament
nd

5 periods • Why do we need a Parliament? Students should be able to
• The President of India: Qualifications to become
ha
40 minutes each comprehend the need of the

the President, Term and Election and Powers of the Parliament for governance
President, of the Nation.
C
• Formation of Government: Lok Sabha and Rajya

Sabha
S.
• The Prime Minister: Functions of Parliament, Make

Laws, Control the Executive, Controlling the Finance,
©
Amendment of the Constitution, Electoral Functions

and Judicial Functions
56

57

Allocated Outcomes
Chapter 4: Understanding Laws
d
5 periods • Need for Laws Students should be able to
ite
40 minutes each • Rule of Law: Evolution of Laws in India and Making understand the importance
New Laws of laws for the governance
of a nation.
m
• Unpopular and Controversial Laws
• Conclusion
Li
Chapter 5: Judiciary
ny
6 periods • Need for Judiciary To enable students to
40 minutes each • Importance of Judiciary comprehend the need of
pa
• Different branches of Legal System: Civil Law and Judiciary to oversee the
Criminal Law maintenance of law and
order.
• Independent Judiciary
om
• Need of Independent Judiciary
• Structure of the Judiciary: Supreme Court, High
C
Court and Subordinate Court

• Accessibility to the Courts: Measures taken by the
d
Judiciary to Enhance Accessibility

An
• Conclusion
Chapter 6: Criminal Justice System
nd
5 periods • Introduction Students should be able to

40 minutes each • Role of the Police: Who can file an FIR?, Where to file broadly understand how the
ha
an FIR?, How to file an FIR?, In Case of Refusal to Criminal Justice System

file FIR and Investigation works in the Indian context.
• Rights of the Arrested Person
C
• Role of the Public Prosecutor

• Role of the Defense Counsel
S.
• Role of the Judge

• Fair Trail
©
• Conclusion

58

Allocated Outcomes
Chapter 7: Understanding Marginalization
d
5 periods • Marginalization: Adivasis To enable students to
comprehend how people get
ite
40 minutes each • Marginalization of Minorities
• Marginalization of Women to lose out from benefits of
social living and prosperity
m
• Conclusion
due to some discriminatory
practices.
Li
Chapter 8: Confronting Marginalization
ny
6 periods • Introduction To enable students to
40 minutes each • Provisions to Prevent Marginalization: Right to understand the need and
pa
Equality, Right against Exploitation, Right to Freedom importance of various laws
of Religion and Cultural and Educational Rights to protect the interests of
• Steps Taken to Promote Social Justice Dalits and Adivasis and
om
The Scheduled Castes and
• The Constitutional Highlights: Protective Measures,
Scheduled Tribes
Supportive Measures and Developmental Measures
C
• Actions by the Government: Education, Reservation,
Protecting the Rights of Dalits and Adivasis and The
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of
d
Atrocities) Act 1989

An
• The social evil of manual scavenging

• Conclusion
Chapter 9: Public Facilities
nd

5 periods • Public Facilities: Financing the Public Facilities and Public- Students should be able to
ha
40 minutes each Private Partnership understand how the government

• Water Supply: Provision for drinking water, problems in plays an important role in
water supply and initiatives by the government providing public facilities and
C
• Conclusion how we the people should make

the best use of these.
Chapter 10: Role of the Government in Economic and Social Security
S.

5 periods • Need for Laws Students should be able to
©
40 minutes each • Children – All About their Working Under Various Acts understand the need of Social
• Safety of Workers at Workplace: Enforcing the Laws justice and the role of Legal
system to preserve the rights of
• Industrial Disasters the people in this regard.
• New Laws of Environment Protection

SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE
CHAPTER - 1
d
ite
1. Constitution 2. Constituent Assembly
3. Dr. Rajendra Prasad 4. 26 Nov 1946
m
5. Sovereign 6. Secular
Li
7. Legislature 8. 18 years of age
9. Right to Constitutional Remedies
ny
10. Right against Exploitation
pa
1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar 2. Preamble
3. 26 Jan 4. brotherhood
om
5. Centre and state 6. Six
C. State whether true or false:
C
1.
True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. False 6. True.
d
Column A Column B
An

1. Legislature Making of Laws
2. Executive Implementation of laws
nd
3. Right against exploitation Prohibits begar

4. Preamble Introductory statement to the constitution
ha
5. Republic Head of the state is elected

C
1. Set of rules and regulations according to which a country is governed.

2. In 1929, Congress at its Lahore session had adopted the attainment of ‘Purna Swaraj’ as its goal.
S.

At this session it was decided to observe 26 Jan 1930 as a day of Independence. To maintain
the historic significance of the day we celebrate 26 January as Republic Day.
©
3. There is no hereditary ruler and the head of the state is elected by the people for a fixed tenure.
4. It means right to vote to all citizens irrespective of their caste, creed, gender, educational
level etc.
5. Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to freedom of Religion,
cultural and Educational Rights and Right to Constitutional Remedies.
59

60
6. Existence of more than one level of government in the country i.e., one at centre and the other
at the state.
7. Under this right citizens can approach the court if they feel that any of their fundamental rights
have been violated.
8. For the development and smooth functioning of any society.
d

9. To achieve the ideal of democratic welfare state.
ite

10. Right against exploitation.
m
1. • Protects the rights of citizens.
Li

• Limits the powers of 3 organs of the govt.
ny
• Specifies the powers of the govt.
• Makes provisions to protect the interests of the minority.
pa
• Provides Fundamental rights to people.
2. It makes it very clear that constitution is made and adopted by the people.
om
• It states Indian govt. is sovereign.
• Aims to provide religious freedom.
C
• Emphasise on equality, freedom and brotherhood.
• Aims to provide social, economic and political justice.
d
• States India as a democratic and republic.

An
3. Means the existence of more than on level of government in the country i.e., one at the centre
and other at the state.
• On the state list State govt. make laws and it deals with agriculture etc.
nd
• On the union list Central govt. make laws and it deals with defence, postal services etc.
• Indian constitution also specifies that in case of conflict or emergency, affairs of states can
ha
be controlled by the centre keeping in mind the national interest.

4. There are 3 organs:
C
• Legislature – makes the laws.

• Executive – Implements the laws
S.
• Judiciary – Protects the laws and rules.

5. It includes six different kinds of freedoms.
©
• Freedom of speech and expression.

• Freedom to assemble peacefully and without any arms.
• Freedom to form unions.
• To move freely.
• To reside in any part of the country.
• To practice any profession.

61
6. It means equality before law and no discrimination on the basis of religion.

All citizens have access to all public places and have equal access to employment.
7. • To abide by the constitution and respect the National Flag and emblem.
• To protect public property.
d
• To promote harmony.
ite
• To preserve the rich heritage of the country.
• To defend the country.
m
• To protect the natural environment.
8. Directive principles aim to establish a welfare state where equal opportunities of livelihood are
Li
provided to all men and women. There will not be concentration of wealth in few hands.
ny
CHAPTER - 2
pa
A. Choose the correct option. om
1. Secular 2. 42nd amendment
3. First 4. 1851
5. All of the above
C

d
1. Sarvdharma 2. Separated
An
3. democracy, elections 4. 1976

5. helmets
nd
1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True.

ha
1. Freedom to follow, preach and practice any religion. State does not have any religion of its
C
own.
2. It was invented by George Jacob Holyoake in 1851.
S.
3. To allow citizens to live happily and in harmony with each other and to create an atmosphere
in which people don’t feel oppressed or dominated.
4. • Equality of all people.
©

• Deep respect for individuals.
• Breaking down of barriers of class and caste.
5. These practises had become a social menace and had put the position of women lower in the
society.

62

1. • To allow citizens to live happily and in harmony with each other. To make the environment
safe and secure for them.
• To separate religion from state and to permit people to exit from one religion to embrace
d
another religion. To allow people to make their own decisions.
ite
2. To allow people to make their own decisions and to allow them to exit from one religion to
embrace other.
m
3. • It gives equal respect to all religions.
• State does not have an official state religion.
Li
• The Indian state is not ruled by any religious group.
• Govt. institutions are not supposed to promote any religion.
ny
• People are free to preach, practise and propagate religion of one’s choice and exit from one
religion to embrace another.
pa
4. U.S. Constitution prohibits the legislature from making laws that interfere in the exercise of
religion. There state cannot interfere in religious bodies where as in India state does intervene
om
in religious matters and imposes laws for the overall improvement of social norms which have
been incorrect and in use.
C
d
CHAPTER - 3
An
I. Choose the correct option.

1. Indian National Congress 2. President
3. Two 4. house of people
nd
5. 25 years of age 6. 6 years

7. President 8. 14 days
ha
9. Any one house of the parliament 10. 1/3

C
1. Parliament 2. President
3. Prime-Minister 4. Constituencies
S.
5. Five 6. Rajya
7. 12 8. 30
©
9. Money 10. Lok

1. False 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True
6. False 7. True 8. False 9. True 10. False

63

1. Representative institution of the people where the sovereign will of the people finds expression.
2. They are elected directly by the people.
3. Any citizen who is 25 years of age can contest the election.
d
4. Twelve members and they must have special knowledge in the field of science, literature, art,
ite
cinema etc.
5. Ordinary and Money Bill.
m
6. By asking questions to ministers about issues regarding their respective departments by raising
adjournment motions, censure motions etc.
Li
7. The entire council of ministers is collectively responsible to the Parliament for their acts of
omission or commission.
ny
8. Elected by electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of parliament and
the elected members of state legislative assemblies of state.
pa
9. Supreme Commander of the armed forces and he can only declare war and peace.
om
1. After Independence Indian Society was in a state of poverty and there was a need to have
representation of all regions and cultures in the governance so that the country could have all
C
round development and aspirations of all communities and regions could be met.
2. • General elections are held after every 5 years.
d
• Country is divided into number of constituencies.

An
• Political parties contest the elections.

• The party getting the majority of seats forms the govt.
3.
nd

Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha
ha
• Elected by people. Elected indirectly by the ele-cted members of

legislative assemblies of the state.
C
Two members are nominated

• 12 members are nominated by the president.
by the president.
S.
• Elected for 5 years and it can It is a permanent house. Me-mbers retire after
be dissolved before 5 years. a term of six years and 1/3 members retire
every 2 years.
©
4. Ordinary Bill can be initiated in any one house of the Parliament and when it is passed by both
the houses, it is sent to president for its approval and then it becomes a law.
Money Bill can be initiated in Lok Sabha first and it sends it to Rajya Sabha has to return the
Bill within 14 days with or without any recommendations. Lok Sabha has the right to accept
or reject the recommendations.

64
5. (a) Amendment – It can be initiated in any house of the Parliament. Majority of proposals need
to be approved by 2/3 majority of both the houses but in certain cases it requires the approval
of atleast half of the states after which they are passed with majority.
(b) Judicial – To impeach the President, Vice-President and the Judges of Supreme and High Court.
d
(c) Financial – To pass the budget.
6. Powers of the President
ite
Executive – To appoint Prime-minister and on his advice the council of ministers and to appoint
m
governors, Judges of supreme court.
Legislative – To approve the Bill
Li
• To address the Joint session of Parliament.
• To issue ordinance.
ny
• To nominate 12 members in Rajya Sabha and 2 in Lok Sabha.
Financial – No money bill can be introduced without his recommendation.
pa
Military – To declare war. om
Judicial – To grant pardon.
Emergency – To declare emergency in case of war, internal disturbance and failure of
constitutional machinery in states.
C
7. Position of Prime Minister:

• Leader of Lok Sabha.
d
• Appoints Cabinet Ministers.

An
• Presides over the cabinet meetings and decides the points to be discussed in Parliament.
• Link between the Cabinet and the President.
nd
• Guides the govt. on foreign affairs and on strategic matters.

ha
TEST PAPER
C
I. Define.
1. Constitution – A set of rules and regulations according to which a country is governed.
S.

2. Amendment – Procedure by which changes are made in the constitution.
3. Federalism – Existence of more than one level of government in the country i.e., one at the
©
centre and one at the state.

1. • To protect the rights of the citizens.
• To limit the powers of legislature, executive and Judiciary.
• To protect the interests of the minority.

65
• To lay down the national goals which form the basic foundation on which the country rests
upon.
2. Features of Secularism:
• State does not have a religion of its own.
d
• Govt. establishments are not supposed to promote any religion.
ite
• State is not ruled by any one religious group.
• People have the right to exit from their religion to embrace another religion.
m
3. Elected by an electoral college which consists of elected members of both houses of parliament
and the elected members of legislative assemblies of the state.
Li
Legislative Powers
• No Bill can become a law without his approval.
ny
• Addresses the Joint session of both houses of Parliament.
pa
• Nominates 12 members in Rajya Sabha and 2 in Lok Sabha.
• Issues ordinance when the Parliament is not in session.
om
1. Citizens can approach the courts if they feel their fundamental rights are violated.
2. In USA, government cannot interfere in religious matters but in India the government can
C

interfere if it is in the interest of the society.
3. By asking questions, passing censure or adjournment motions.
d

An

1. 12 2. Money
3. 1950 4. Sovereign
nd
CHAPTER - 4
ha

C
1. All of these 2. 1919

3. British Colonial Rule 4. 2006
S.
5. Parliament
©
1. Dictatorship 2. Dalhouise
3. Changed 4. Equal
5. Restrictive
1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True.

66

1. To live in peace and harmony in the society.
2. No one is above the law. It is a foundation for both our liberties and for order. It allows us to
organise out lives.
d
3. These were framed by them as per their Political and economic interests and they believed in
ite
the policy of divide and rule and needed to enforce their hegemony over the Indian people.
4. Parliament makes rules in India.
m
5. To ensure that children are prevented from being put into difficult and hazardous labour work
at a tender age.
Li
6. Through media, public agitations, etc.
7. To stop the abuse of women at home after marriage.
ny
pa
1. Significance –
• Foundation of our liberties.
om
• Respects everyone as equal.
• Govt. authority is legitimately exercised.
• To safeguard against arbitrary governance.
C
2. • Rowlatt Act aimed to arrest people without any trial.

d
• Doctrine of Lapse was aimed to annex Indian territories of the rulers who died without male
An
successor.
• Salt tax – To impose tax on salt.
3. Some laws are passed by the govt. keeping in mind the interests of the society but at times it
nd
leads to opposition by people and then they have to be amended.

For example there were some municipal laws that housing areas were not to be used for
ha
commercial purposes but over the period of time lot of commercial activities started and attempt
to stop this led to resentment as it affected large number of people and would have led to the
C
serious issue of unemployment. So the govt. had to amend the law.

S.
CHAPTER - 5

©
1. Property matters 2. Theft

3. Police 4. President
5. The Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court 6. Supreme Court
7. Supreme Court 8. Nyaya Panchayat

67

1. Guardian 2. Criminal
3. Foundation 4. Legislature and executive
5. Writs
d
ite
1. False 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. True.
m
1. Highest court is the Supreme court then comes high court and district courts and the village
Li
level Nyaya Panchayat.
2. In the villages people go to Nyaya Panchayat which settles the disputes.
ny
3. It is presided over by retired judges, social activist, or other members of the legal profession.
4. Supreme court is the final interpreter of the constitution. It has the right to declare any law as
pa
null and void if it violates the basic structure of the constitution.
om
1. • To safeguard the Fundamental Rights of the citizens.
• To settle the disputes between the citizens or govt.
C
• To act as a guardian of constitution.

• To check the misuse of power by anyone in the govt. or administration.
d
2. • Civil law deals with property case, family disputes, divorce etc. whereas criminal law deals
An
with theft, murder, dowry case etc.

• In civil law people are required to file a petition in the court and court judges the case and
award relief as deemed appropriate whereas in criminal case a victim has to file and F.I.R
nd
with the police who carries out an investigation and files a case in court and then court gives
a judgement.
ha
3. Judiciary is independent of legislature and executive. It is required for the smooth functioning
of the govt.
C
Need–
• To ensure that all the organs of the govt are functioning within their allotted power.
S.
• To interpret the provisions of the constitution independently without any pressure of executive
or legislature.
©
• To ensure Justice without any fear.

4. • Judges of supreme and high court are appointed by the President and once appointed cannot
be removed easily.
• They get fixed salary and other allowances which cannot be reduced.

68
5. Original Jurisdiction:
• Disputes between the govt. of India and one or more states.
• Disputes between two state govt’s.
• Disputes between govt. of India and any state or states on one side and one or more states
d
on the other side.
ite
• Enforcement of Fundamental rights.
6. PIL is the case filed by the individual or organization on behalf of those aggrieved whose rights
m
have been violated.
Need:
Li
• To give speedy justice
• To help the poor to get justice without hiring the services of lawyers.
ny
7. Lok Adalats are known as People’s court. In this there is no court fee nor any complex procedural
pa
requirement. Parties can directly interact with the Judge which is not allowed in Courts. The
focus is on compromise. If compromise is reached, and award is made which is binding on the
parties.
om
CHAPTER - 6
C

1. Police 2. Police
d
3. Any one of the above methods 4. Police

An
5. 24 hours 6. Accused
nd
1. Judge 2. Information
3. Supreme Court 4. Magistrate
ha
5. Public Prosecutor 6. Lawyer

C
1. False 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True 6. True.

S.

1. To maintain law and order in the state and to look after the welfare of the elderly disabled,
©
children etc. It keeps a check on anti-social elements.

2. Report of any incidence of murder, theft etc. registered in the police station is known as FIR.
3. In the police station.
4. The police officer in charge of the police station nominates an investigating officer who collects
the details of the case, records statements and frames the charge sheet and sends it to court.
5. It can be sent in writing and by post to the superintendent of police.

69
6. He is a learned advocate who represents the state and puts forward all the evidence collected
by the police in front of the Judge in the court and also produces all witnesses in the court.
7. He is an advocate hired by the accused to put forth his case.
8. Judge hears the charges and looks into evidences and gives Judgement.
d
ite
1. • Go to police station and meet the officer in charge.
• Narrate the incident in step by step order.
m
• Officer in charge writes it down.
Li
• It is signed by the person lodging the report and copy of this is handed over to him.
2. Rights of arrested person:
ny
• To be informed of reason of arrest.
• To inform his relatives.
pa
• To be produced before the magistrate within 24 hours.
• Cannot be tortured.
om
• Cannot be forced to accept his being guilty.
• To consult a lawyer.
3. Any court procedure has to be fair to both the accused and the victim.
C
• Proceedings are held in an open court in the presence of accused and his friends can attend
the proceedings.
d
• Accused has the right to defend by lawyer.

An
• Lawyer has the right to cross-examine the witnesses.

• Judge gives an unbiased and impartial Judgement.
nd
TEST PAPER
ha

C
1. • To protect Fundamental Rights of the people.

S.
• To safeguard the constitution.

• To keep a check on the powers of the government.
©
• To settle disputes.
2. • Introduction of PIL under which any individual or organisation can file a case directly in
the court. They can even file it through letter or telegram.
• Lok Adalats – It is normally held by State or District authority. Both the Parties meet at Lok
Adalat and mutually reach to a compromise. Judgement is given quickly without hiring a
lawyer.

70
3. • It is held in an open court and accused’s relatives can attend.

• Accused has a right to hire a lawyer who cross-examines the witnesses.
• Impartial Judgement is given by Judge.
d
1. • He puts forward all the evidences collected by Police in front of the Judge in the court.
ite
• He produces all witnesses in the court and brings out their testimonies in the presence of
Judge.
m
2. Civil courts deal with property dispute, divorce, tax etc.
Li
Criminal courts deal with theft, murder, robbery etc.
3. Child Labour Act to prevent the exploitation of children.
ny
Dowry Prohibition Act to prevent the humiliation and exploitation of children.
pa
1. Constitution 2. Police station
3. Supreme Court 4. 15
om
C
CHAPTER - 7
d

An
1. Living on the fringes of society 2. 8.1%

3. Santhal 4. Muslims
5. Adivasis
nd

1. Christianity 2. Caste
ha
3. 500 4. Orissa and Jharkhand

5. National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries
C

S.
1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. True.

©
1. On the basis of language, caste, state of development etc.

2. It means the indigeneous people who live in difficult terrain and have continued with their
primitive customs, culture and religious beliefs.
3. It has led to the cutting of trees and removal of forests which are the lifeline of the Adivasis.
4. They adorn themselves with skins, feathers, leaves, flowers etc. They wear bright colourful
headgear and stone and metals jewellery.

71
5. Cutting of forest for industrialization and building of dams have led to their displacement and
has led to unrest among Adivasis.
1. Religious beliefs–
d
• Worship the forces of nature.
ite
• Worship spirits of rain, fire, forest, river and ancestors.
• Worship the spirits of nature at sacred places within the village or at homes.
m
• Believe in Shakti and Tantrik Practises.
2. Effects of developmental activities on Adivasis:
Li
• Lost their family traditions and culture.
• Face psychological trauma of settling down in new social atmosphere.
ny
• Compelled to work in city at low wages.
• Children and women are forced to work at homes and construction sites.
pa
3. They are marginalised as they live in hills and forests.
• Socially and economically weak.
om
• Follow primitive ways of living.
• Are not educated.
C
4. • It was constituted to look into the grievances of the certain communities which feel alienated
and marginalized on different accounts. For example it looked into the marginalization of
d
the Muslims.
An
• It has recommended various steps and various aspects of education and employment which
needed to be addressed so that the community grows at the same pace as the national average.
nd
CHAPTER - 8
ha

1. Article 17 2. Secularism
C
3. Act of 1935 4. 6 - 14 years

5. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas
S.

©
1. 15 2. upper primary level

3. Empowerment 4. Dr. Ambedkar
5. Equal
1. True 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. True.

72

1. According to it every person shall have equal access to public places like parks, museums,
wells, temples etc.
2. Child labour and Beggar.
3. Provides special measures to protect the rights of the minorities and every community has a
ite
right to conserve its culture and language.
4. The constitution (Scheduled Caste) order 1950, and the constitution order (Scheduled Tribe)
m
1950.
5. Exemption of tuition fee, free textbooks, uniforms, stationery, school bags etc.
Li
6. Aim is to have Universalisation of Elementary Education through a time-bound integrated
approach in partnership with states.
ny
7. To assist meritorious students of SC and ST to pursue higher studies.
• One time cash award is to be given to 3 students scoring highest marks in class X.
pa
8. To have a strict code for preventing atrocities on SC and ST.
9. Can be imprisoned for atleast 6 months and this can be extended to five year and with fine.
om
1. • Protective Measures – A number of laws were enacted to check the inequality. Untouchability
C
Practices Act 1955, SC/ST Prevention of atrocities act 1989, The employment of manual
Scavengers Act 1993.
d
• Supportive Measures – Reservation of seats for SC/ST.

An
• Developmental – To provide resources and benefits to bridge the wide gap in social and
economic condition between the SC/ST and other communities.
2. To give them chance to obtain higher education and earn their living as others. Seats are reserved
nd
for them in schools, colleges and offices but they have to meet the following criteria.
• Have a certificate that they belong to SC/ST.
ha
• Should have minimum cut off marks for reserved categories.

3. • Forces a person to drink or eat any inedible substance.
C
• Forcibly removes clothes from the person.

• Wrongfully occupies any land allotted to him.
S.
• Assaults or uses force.

• Intentionally insults.
©
4. • It treats everyone equal in the eyes of law.

• Provides equal access to all the public places.
• Has abolished untouchability.

73
TEST PAPER
Based on Chapters 7 & 8
1. Adivasis – Original inhabitants of an area who have been away from the developed civilization.
d
2. Manual Scavenging – Removal of refuse, dirt, night soil from streets and houses by manually
ite
by people.
m
1. • Worship the forces of nature.
Li
• Worship ancestors either at home or at a particular place.
• Worship spirits of river, fire, forest, rain etc.
ny
• Believe in Tantrik and Shakti procedures.
2. • Displaced from their original place and have lost family tradition, art and culture.
pa
• Forced to work at homes and construction sites at low wages.
om
• Face Psychological trauma as they have to live in newer social and cultural environment.
3. Art 14 – Guarantees that state shall not discriminate any of the Indian Citizen on the basis of
their caste, creed, colour, etc.
C
Art 15 – Every person shall have equal access to public places.

d
1. To provide quality and elementary education to all children upto 14 years of age.
An
• To focus on the girl education.

2. • Reservation of seats in educational institutions and offices.
nd
• Various Acts like untouchability Act or prevention of Atrocities Act etc are passed.
ha
1. 1989 2. Religious
3. Sacchar 4. Santhali
C
CHAPTER - 9
S.

1. Right to life under Art 21 2. All of the above
©
3. water 4. Jaundice
1. Facilities 2. taxes
3. Finance 4. Private
5. contaminated

74

1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True.
1. Basic amenities provided by govt. to all its citizens. Examples - water, electricity.
2. Income tax, sales tax, excise duties.
d
ite
• Taxes are collected to fund the various developmental activities done by govt. for the people.
3. To prevent the spread of various water-borne diseases like cholera, diarrhoea, jaundice, dysentery etc.
4. Excessive use of chemicals and fertilizers in agriculture and industry leads to contamination
m
of ground water.
Li
5. Failure on the part of the govt. to provide safe drinking water prompts the growth for private
water suppliers.
ny
• People have to pay extra money to buy water.
1. • Govt. utilises the services of private sector to provide facilities to people at nominal rates.
pa
• BSES, TRANSCO have started maintaining the electric supply system while power is still
generated by govt. owned stations.
om
2. • By laying pipelines up to each house.
• With the help of water tankers.
C
• By digging up wells in villages.

3. Problems due to water shortage
d
• Long Queues in wait for piped or water tanker.

An
• To carry water over longer distances.

• Stored water gets contaminated.
• Leads to growth of private water suppliers who charge exhorbitant rates.
nd
4. • Save water campaigns have been started.

• Provision of hand pumps in rural areas.
ha
• Rain-water harvesting has been encouraged.

• Water recycling plants are set up which use recycled water for horticulture purposes.
C
CHAPTER - 10
S.

1. Both (i) and (ii) 2. Government
©
3. 1986 4. Excise Department

5. Bhopal
1. Child 2. Environment Protection
3. Fire 4. Tsunami
5. Money

75

1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. False.
1. To earn profit by keeping the cost of inputs as low as possible and price of the product as high
d
as possible.
ite
2. Labour is available in plenty.
3. To make sure that workers are not exploited.
m
4. To prevent exploitation of workers and ensure the work environment is condusive to work.
5. To ensure that children have a safe and healthy childhood and have time for education.
Li
6. To check the availability, serviceability of fire prevention means, their efficacy and the knowledge
with the employees. To check the functionality of emergency exit routes.
ny
7. Due to human and natural causes.
8. It killed many people in Bhopal and maimed thousands of people and their generations to come.
pa
1. • To ensure there is no exploitation of the workers.
om
• To compensate the people for any mishap during their duty.
• To provide safe environment to work.
C
• To provide health and medical facilities.

2. Health Provisions
d
• To maintain cleanliness at place of work.

An
• Disposal of waste in scientific manner.

• Proper exhaustion of dust and fume in the factory.
• Arrangement for safe drinking water and proper ventilation.
nd
Safety Measures:
• Proper fencing of machines.
ha
• Provision of striking gear and devices for cutting off power in case of emergency.
• Proper entry and exit point.
C
• Proper lighting in factories.

• Specific goggles or screens to the workers.
S.
3. • Municipality inspect the construction and structural safety aspect of the enterprise.
• Fire department checks the availability and functionality of the emergency exit points.
• Environment Protection department send their officers to ensure that all gases, fumes are
©
treated for toxicity.

• Excise department makes sure that payment is made on time.
4. • Chemicals were stored in large drums.
• Pipes had corroded.
• Plant was not maintained ever since its closure in 1980.
• Alarm system was not working.

76
5. • CNG driven vehicles are encouraged.

• Mandatory to get pollution check done.
• Industrial waste is disposed off properly.
• Incorporating CFC free refrigeration and cooling systems.
d
• Cleaning of rivers.
ite
• Campaigns to educate people.
m
TEST PAPER
Based on Chapters 9 & 10
Li
ny
1. Public Facilities – Essential facilities for community at large.
2. Labour Union – Organisation of workers that bargains collectively with an employer for their
pa
rights.
II. Answer the following questions in detail. om
1. Steps to reduce Pollution:
• Use of CNG in vehicles.
• Incorporating CFC free refrigeration.
C
• Initiatives for cleaning up of rivers.

• Making it mandatory for vehicles to have pollution control certificates.
d
2. • Safety systems were switched off to save money.

An
• Failure of safety norms.

• Poor maintenance after the plant stopped production in 1980.
• Corroding in pipelines.
nd
3. • To stand in long queues to get water from tanker.

• To buy water from private suppliers.
ha
• Fights over water leads to riots.

• Some people have to carry water over longer distances.
C

1. To provide for various facilities.
S.
Tax collection is used for developmental activities like construction of roads, bridges etc.
2. To get good working conditions and to save themselves from exploitation.
©

1. fertilisers 2. Fire department
3. 1986 4. Tsunami

WORKSHEET I
Time : 3 Hours Marks : 90
d
SECTION A – HISTORY
ite
1. On an outline map of India, locate and mark the following. 1 × 5 = 5 Marks
m
(a) An area under The Permanent settlement system during the British Rule
(b) French colony on the west coast of India
Li
(c) State under the control of Begum Hazarat Mahal
(d) Bareilly
ny
(e) Surat
pa
2. Answer any two of the following questions in detail. 4 × 2 = 8 Marks
(a) Who introduced the policy of Subsidiary Alliance? What were its features?
om
(b) Discontentment among the ‘sepoys’ led to the revolt of 1857. Explain.
(c) Who introduced the permanent settlement ?Write down its key features. How did it affect the
peasants?
C
3. Answer any three of the following questions. 3 × 3 = 9 Mark

d
(a) Write down the effects of colonial rule on the tribals.

An
(b) Give reasons for conflict between Siraj-ud-Daulah and the company.
(c) Write down the problems faced by peasants under the nij cultivation.
(d) Give any three reasons for the failure for the revolt of 1857.
nd
4. Name the following. 1 × 4 = 4 Marks

ha
(a) Governor General who introduced the policy of Doctrine of Lapse.

(b) Novelist who wrote Neel Darpan.
C
(c) Commander who led the British forces in the battle of Plassey.
(d) The last Mughal Emperor
S.
5. Answer any two of the following questions. 2 × 2 = 4 Marks

(a) Give two reasons of conflict between Tipu Sultan and the British.
©
(b) Why did Indigo cultivators revolt? Give any two reasons.
(c) What kind of surveys were conducted by British and what was the aim behind it?
77

78
SECTION B – GEOGRAPHY
6. Answer any three of the following questions in detail. 3 × 4 = 12 Marks

(a) Explain the classification of resources on the basis of their development and give examples.
(b) What is landslide? Give any two natural and human causes of landslide. Write down the effects
d
of landslide.
ite
(c) Explain the factors responsible for the formation of soil.
(d) How is coal formed? Write down any two advantages and disadvantages of use of coal.
m
7. Distinguish between the following. (give two differences). 2 × 3 = 6 Marks
Li
(a) Conventional and non-conventional resources of energy
ny
(b) Metallic and non-metallic minerals
(c) Deciduous and evergreen forests
pa
8. Answer any three of the following questions. 3 × 2 = 6 Marks
(a) Why should we conserve resources ? Give any two points.
om
(b) How does mulching and terrace farming help in checking soil erosion?
(c) Give any two reasons for the loss of natural vegetation.
C
(d) How is nuclear power generated?
9. Define the following terms. 1 × 3 = 3 Marks

d
An
(a) Drilling
(b) Biogas
(c) Humus
nd
SECTION C – SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE
10. Answer any four of the following questions in detail. 4 × 2 = 8 Marks

ha
(a) Why do we need a constitution? Explain any two points.

C
(b) List two essential features of secularism.

(c) How does parliament keep a check on the executive?
S.
(d) List two important functions of judiciary.

(e) What type of cases come under the original jurisdiction of the High Court. Give any two points.
(f) What is fair trial.
©
11. Fill in the blanks. (Do not copy the statement). 5 Marks
(a) Money bill can be initiated only in ______________.
(b) ______________ organ of government makes laws.
(c) ______________ is set up to provide speedy justice.

79
(d) Child Labour Act was passed in the year ______________.

(e) Arrested person has to be produced before a magistrate within ______________ hours of arrest.
12. Multiple Choice Questions. (Write down only the correct answer on the answer sheet). 20 Marks
d
1. Indian Civil Service was created by
ite
(a) Lord Mountbatten (b) Lord Hastings.
(c) Lord Cornwallis. (d) Lord Wellesley
m
2. Battle of Plassey took place in
(a) 1754. (b) 1755. (c) 1756. (d) 1757.
Li
3. Shah Alam granted the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company After
the battle of
ny
(a) Buxar. (ii) Plassey (c) Panipat. (d) Seringapatnam
pa
4. Cultivation of Indigo was
(a) Labour Intensive. (b) Capital Intensive.
om
(c) None of the above.
5. The first soldier to protest against the use of greased cartridges was
(a) Bakht Khan (b) Mangal Pandey (c) Kunwar Singh (d) Nana Sahib
C
6. Revolt of 1857 started from

d
(a) Delhi (b) Meerut (c) Jhansi (d) Kanpur

An
7. Economic policies of the British affected

(a) Peasants (b) Artisans
(c) Ruling class (d) All of these
nd
8. Port town was developed by the French in

(a) Bombay (b) Calcutta (c) Surat (d) Pondicherry
ha
9. FIR is filed with

(a) Police (b) Court (c) Governor (d) Magistrate
C
10. The constitution was adopted by the constituent assembly of India on

S.
(a) 26 Jan 1947 (b) 26 Jan 1946 (c) 26 Nov 1948 (d) 26 Nov 1949
11. To become the member of Lok Sabha a candidate must be at least
©
(a) 20 Years of age (b) 25 Years of age (c) 24 Years of age (d) 30 Years of age
12. How many members of Rajya Sabha retire after every 2 years?
(a) 1/3 (b) 1/4 (c) 1/5 (d) 1/6

80
13. Dark soil of the Deccan is an example of

(a) Potential resources (b) Actual resources
(c) Ubiquitous resources (d) None of these
14. Grasslands are found in areas of
d
(a) Moderate rainfall (b) Scanty rainfall (c) Heavy rainfall (d) Polar areas
ite
15. An interaction between species in which one species uses another species as food is known as
(a) Ecosystem (b) Germination (c) Pollination (d) Predation
m
16. Natural resources are obtained from
Li
(a) Land (b) Water (c) Soil (d) All of these
17. Large deposits of gold in India is found in
ny
(a) Karnataka (b) Punjab (c) Bengal (d) Rajasthan
18. Availability of solar energy is affected by
pa
(a) Fog (b) Clouds (c) Rain (d) All of these
19. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
om
(a) Gold (b) Coal (c) Copper (d) Silver
20. Tarapur nuclear power station is located in
C
(a) Gujarat (b) Punjab (c) Maharashtra (d) Rajasthan

d
An
nd
ha
C
S.
©

WORKSHEET II
Time : 3 Hours Marks : 90
d
SECTION A – HISTORY
ite
1. On an outline map of India, locate and mark the following. 1 × 5 = 5 Marks
m
(a) State to which Jyotiba Phule belonged to
(b) City in which Gateway of India is located
Li
(c) Place where Jallianwala Bagh incident took place.
(d) Calcutta
ny
(e) Lucknow
pa
2. Answer any two of the following questions in detail. 4 × 2 = 8 Marks
(a) Why did Gandhi ji start the Non-Cooperation movement? Write down the methods adopted by
people to make it successful.
om
(b) Write down the four main objectives of the Woods Dispatch.
(c) Women played an important role in improving the status of women. Explain with the help of
C
two examples.
(d) Explain any two problems which newly independent India faced in 1947.
d
An
3. Answer any three of the following questions. 3 × 3 = 9 Marks

(a) Why did Simon Commission come to India? Why and how did people oppose it?
(b) Write about the role played by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar in improving the condition of women.
nd
(c) Explain any three reasons for the rise of extremists.

(d) Give reasons for the decline of the Indian textile industry in the 18th Century.
ha
4. Name the following. 1 × 4 = 4 Marks

C
(a) Weave in which motifs of animals are used.

(b) Orientalist who started the Asiatic Society.
S.
(c) Founder of Arya Samaj.

(d) Founder of Indian National Army.
©
5. Answer any two of the following questions. 2 × 2 = 4 Marks

(a) Why did British Parliament pass a Calico Act?
(b) List two important changes which came in the art scene with the coming of the British.
(c) Give two main features of India’s Foreign Policy.
(d) Give two salient features of Gandhi- Irwin Pact
81

82
SECTION B – GEOGRAPHY
6. Answer any three of the following questions in detail. 3 × 4 = 12 Marks

(a) Write about the soil and climatic conditions required for the growth of jute and cotton.
d
(b) Suggest any eight ways by which agricultural production can be increased.
(c) Explain the classification of industries on the basis of raw material.
ite
(d) Topography and climate affect the density of population. Explain.
m
7. Answer the following questions. 3 × 2 = 6 Marks
Li
(a) Suggest three measures by which the capability of human resource can be increased.
(b) Why is population explosion a serious world concern? Explain any three points
ny
(c) How are farms in India different from USA?
8. Define the following terms. 1 × 5 = 5 Marks
pa
(a) Primary activities (b) Pisciculture
om (c) Private sector industries
(d) Growth rate (e) Population pyramid

C
(a) In Mexico shifting cultivation is known as _______________.
(b) Telecommunication is an example of _______________ sector.
d
(c) _______________ in India is known as Manchester of India.

An
(d) TISCO is close to the confluence of rivers Subarnarekha and _______________.
SECTION C – SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE

nd
10. Answer the following questions in detail. 4 × 2 = 8 Marks

ha
(a) Write down the various initiatives taken by the Government to conserve water and increase its
availability to people.
C
(b) List any four steps taken by the Government to control pollution.
(c) Write down the key functions of SC/ST Atrocities Act 1989.
S.
(d) How are Adivasis affected by industrialization and building of dams?
©
(a) ______________ is the major language spoken by adivasis.

(b) ______________ means living on the fringes of society.
(c) Article ______________ of the constitution guarantees Equality before Law.
(d) Prevention of ______________ labour laws safeguards the interests of the children..
(e) Union Carbide factory which caused a huge disaster was located in ______________ .

83
12. Multiple Choice Questions. (Write down only the correct answer
on the answer sheet). 20 Marks
1. Who was the ruler of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947?

(a) Maharaja Ranjit Singh (b) Maharaja Hari Singh.
d
(c) Maharaja Karan Singh. (d) Maharaja Dhirender Singh
ite
2. India sent IPKF to
(a) China (b) Nepal (c) Bangla Desh (d) Srilanka
m
3. Gandhi ji called of Non Cooperation movement after the incident at
Li
(a) Kheda (b) Surat (c) Lucknow (d) Chaurichaura
ny
4. Who gave the slogan ‘Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it’.
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak. (b) Lala Lajpat Rai.
pa
(c) C R Das. (d) Mahatma Gandhi.
5. Kalighat paintings developed in
om
(a) Madras (b) Calcutta (c) Surat (d) Delhi
6. Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College was set up at
C
(a) Lucknow (b) Meerut (c) Jhansi (d) Aligarh

d
7. Periyar started
(a) Self respect movement (b) Satya Shodhak Samaj
An
(c) Arya Samaj (d) Prarthna Samaj.

8. The first cotton mill at Bombay was established by
nd
(a) Jamshedji Tata (b) Cowasjee Nanabhai

(c) Charles Weld (d) Dorabji Tata
ha
9. Adivasis in India constitute of

(a) 8.1 % of Indian Population (b) 7.1% of Indian Population
C
(c) 6.1 % of Indian Population (d) 1.8% of Indian Population

S.
10. Adivasis worship

(a) Rain (b) Fire (c) Ancestral Spirits (d) All of these
©
11. Government of India Passed an Act to prohibit employment of manual scavengers in the year
(a) 1993 (b) 1994 (c) 1995 (d) 1996
12. Contaminated water causes
(a) AIDS (b) Jaundice (c) Malaria (d) Swine Flu

84
13. The City in Japan known as Manchester of Japan is

(a) Ontario (b) Kobe (c) Osaka (d) Tokyo
14. Cotton grows well on
(a) Red Soil (b) Black soil (c) Desert soil (d) Laterite Soil
d
15. Anand Milk Union Limited is an example of
ite
(a) Private Sector Industries (b) Public Sector Industries
(c) Cooperative (d) None of these
m
16. Industrial system consists of
Li
(a) Input (b) Output (c) Processing (d) All of these
ny
17. Gangetic plains of India are
(a) Thickly populated (b) Sparsely Populated
pa
(c) Moderately Populated (d) Uninhabited
18. The world population is growing at the rate of
om
(a) 1% (b) 1.8% (c) 2% (d) 0.8%
19. Millets are grown in
C
(a) Black soil (b) Sandy soil (c) Rocky soil (d) Red soil
d
20. Coffee is an example of

An
(a) Beverage crop (b) Fibre crop (c) Food crop (iv) None of these
nd
ha
C
S.
©

WORKSHEET I - ANSWERS
HISTORY
d
1. Map work
ite
(a) Lord Wellesley introduced it.
m
Features:
Li
• Indian state accepting the policy had to maintain the British army or give a part of its territory
for maintenance.
ny
• British resident was stationed in Indian states.
• Indian states could not enter into any agreement with any other state.
pa
(b) • Indian soldiers were denied promotions. They were sent to foreign land and was not given
any foreign allowance. om
• Not allowed to wear any religious marks.
• They were paid less.
• They were looked down upon.
C
(c) Lord Cornwallis introduced it.

Features:
d
• Land revenue was fixed permanently and not to be revised.

An
• Zamindar had to pay a fixed revenue to the company and he could retain the surplus collection
as his profit.
• Failure on the part of zamindar to pay revenue meant loss of zamindari rights.
nd
Effect on Peasants:
• Peasants had to pay high revenue which forced them to take loan and non-payment of loan
ha
led to loss of land.

3. Answer the questions.
C
(a) Effects of colonial rule on the tribals:

• They were uprooted from their land.
S.
• Compensation given to them was too meagree for them to sustain.

• They had to go to city to look for work and had to work as labourers on the construction
©
sites.
(b) Reasons for Conflict:
• Company officials had started to do private trade without paying and duty.
• Company started doing the fortification of Fort William.
• Company started to write disrespectful letters to Nawab and started to interfere in the political
affairs.
85

86
(c) • Indigo cultivation required large consolidated land holdings which was difficult to get.
• Labour was required at a time when it was the cropping season for rice.
• Large amount of ploughs and bullocks were required which were not easily available.
(d) • Educated class did not participate.
d
• Lacked nationalist outlook.
ite
• No leader to guide the people.
4. (a) Lord Dalhousie
m
(b) Dina Bandhu Mitra.
(c) Lord Clive
Li
(d) Bahadur Shah Jafar
5. (a) • Tipu Sultan tried to restrict British spice trade in Malabar coast.
ny
• Tipu Sultan started to modernize the army with the help of French.
(b) • It affected the fertility of the soil.
pa
• Cultivators were not getting the good price for Indigo.
(c) Surveys on topography, flora fauna, local histories, forests etc.
om
It was done to exploit the mineral wealth of India.
GEOGRAPHY
C

d
(a) On the basis of development:

An
• Actual and Potential

Actual – Their quantity is known and are used in various ways at present.
Examples: Dark soils of Deccan
nd
Petroleum in West Asia.

Potential – Resources whose quantity is not known and may not be used at present. They can
ha
be used in future with use of technology.

Examples: Uranium in Ladakh may be used in future.
Sea water is potential source. Once its salinity is taken out it can be used.
C
(b) Landslide is a geological phenomenon wherein huge chunks of top soil of the earth slides down.
S.
Human Causes
• Removal of deep rooted vegetation.
• Construction and any other work which alters the shape of a slope.
©
Natural Causes
• Volcanic eruptions or earthquake.
• Erosion of the base of a slope by rain water or river.
Effects
• Causes damage to life and property.
• Disrupt rail and road communication.

87
(c) Factors of soil formation

• Nature of parent rock-determines the colour, texture, chemical properties, mineral content
etc.
• Climate of the region.
d
• Flora and fauna.
ite
• Altitude and slope.
(d) Formation of Coal – Formed from the remains of swamp vegetation under the pressure of rocks
for thousands of years.
m
Advantages of Coal –
Li
• Available all over the world.
• Efficient means of producing energy.
ny
Disadvantages –
• Causes pollution.
pa
• Exhaustible.
7. Distinguish between.
om
(a) Conventional Non-conventional
• Are exhaustible. • Inexhaustible
C
• Causes pollution. • Do not cause pollution.

• Examples: Coal, firewood. • Examples: Tidal energy, Solar energy.
d
(b) Metallic Non-metallic

An
• Are found in igneous and metamorphic • Are found in sedimentary rocks.

rocks. • Non-malleable and do not have any lustre.
nd
• Have lustre and are ductile.
(c) Deciduous Forest Evergreen Forest

ha
• Are found in areas where the rainfall is • Rainfall exceeds 140 cm

from 75-140 cm
C
• Trees shed their leaves in a particular • Trees do not shed their leaves in a particular season.
season.
S.

(a) • Resources are limited, wastage and neglect will lead to exhaustion of resources.
©
• For the continued progress of mankind.

(b) Mulching – Bare ground between the plants is convered with grasses which prevents erosion.
Terrace Farming – In hilly areas steps are built into the side of a hill and on each step crop is
planted which stops erosion.
(c) • Due to construction activities by man.
• Forest fire.

88
(d) Nuclear power is generated from the fission reaction of nuclear material (uranium and thorium)
in a controlled environment of nuclear reactors.
9. Define the terms.
(a) Drilling – The process of extraction which involves drilling into the earth surface with huge
d
machines.
(b) Biogas – It is energy derived from the animal and human waste as well as farm wastes.
ite
(c) Humus – Decayed remains of plants and animals.
m
Li
ny
(a) • To protect the rights of the citizens irrespective of the caste, gender, religion etc.
• To limit the powers of the govt.
pa
(b) • The state does not have any religion. It allows citizens to preach and practice any religion.
• To enable the people to exit from one religion and to embrace another.
om
(c) • By asking questions, calling attention notices, debates, censure motions etc.
• By passing a vote of no-confidence .
(d) • To protect fundamental rights of the people.
C
• To settle the disputes between the people and between the govt’s.
(e) • Cases relating to fundamental rights of the citizens.
d
• Cases related to conflict between two states and state and the
An
central govt.
(f) Case is held in an open court where the accused’s relative can hear the case and accuse can hire
a lawyer and judge gives impartial judgement.
nd

(a) Lok Sabha (b) Legislature
ha
(c) Lok Adalat (d) 2006

(e) 24
C
12. Choose the correct option.

1. (c) Lord Cornwallis 2. (d) 1757
S.
3. (a) Buxar 4. (a) Labour Itensive

5. (b) Mangal Pandey 6. (b) Meerut
7. (d) All of the above 8. (d) Pondicherry
©
9. (a) Police 10. (d) 26 Nov 1949

11. (b) 25 years of age 12. (a) 1/3
13. (b) Actual resources 14. (a) Moderate rainfall
15. (d) Predation 16. (d) All of the above
17. (a) Karnataka 18. (d) All of the above
19. (b) Coal 20. (c) Maharashtra

WORKSHEET II - ANSWERS
HISTORY
d
1. Map work.
ite
(a) • He started it against the injustice done to the people of Punjab.
m
• To ask for Swaraj.
Li
• Against the injustice done to Muslims by giving non-sympathetic treatment to the Sultan of
Turkey who was considered as Khalifa by Muslims.
ny
• To boycott british goods, schools, and colleges run by them.
• Boycott of legislatures.
pa
• Return of honorary titles.
(b) • Setting up of several vernacular schools in the villages.
om
• To give grants – in aid to encourage and foster the private enterprise in the field of education.
• To develop practical and vocational skill of the Indian people.
• To raise intellectual standard of the Indians.
C
(c) • Tarabai Shinde – worked for women equality and wrote a book called stripurush tulana and
challenged the customs which were the cause of oppression of women.
d
• Pandita Ramabai wrote number articles to improve the condition of women and even started
An
Mukti Mission and Krupa Sadan for destitude women.

(d) • Economic development – To set up industries and infrastructure, to improve agriculture.
• To rehabiliate the refugees and to provide food, clothing, shelter and jobs to the people who
nd
migrated to India.
ha
(a)
• To look into the working of govt. of India Act 1919.
• Greeted by the slogan ‘Simon Go back’.
C
• People carried out protest marches.

(b)
S.
• Opened Hindu Balika Vidalaya in Calcutta for women.

• Supported widow remarriage and got a law passed in its favour in 1856.
• Helped Drinkwater Bethune to start a school for women in Bengal.
©
(c)
• Partition of Bengal into East and West with a purpose of dividing the people on religion
basis.
• Unsympathetic attitude of the British towards Indians.
• Inspiration from International events. A defeat of Russia by Japan gave inspiration to Indians
to fight against the British.
89

90
(d) • Britishers took away the raw materials from India.

• Indian market was flooded with cheap machine made goods.
• Indian goods were subject to duty in European markets.
4. Name the following.
d
1. Patola 2. William Jones
ite
3. Swami Dayanand Saraswati 4. Subhas Chandra Bose
m
(a) To protect the native British textile industry.
Li
(b) • Use of oil colours and paints.
• Britishers depicted battle scenes and killing of Indian soldiers in the paintings.
ny
(c) • To follow the policy of non-alignment.
• To follow the principle of panchsheel.
pa
(d) • Congress will discontinue the civil disobedience movement.
• The congress would participate in the IInd round table conference.
om
GEOGRAPHY
C

d
(a) • Soil and climatic conditions for Jute.

An
• Warm and wet climate.

• Alluvial soil and stagnate water.
nd
• Cotton: long forest free period with plenty of sunshine and moderate rainfall.
• Black and alluvial soil.
(b) • Use of high yielding variety of seeds.
ha
• Use of fertilizers.
C
• Improved irrigation.
• Use of pesticides.
S.
• Consolidation of land holdings.

• Proper storage.
©
• Use of machinery
• Soil testing.
(c) On the basis of raw-material:
• Agro based – It works on produce of agricultural sector like sugar industry is dependent on
sugarcane.
• Mineral based is dependent on minerals like coal, petroleum, steel etc.

91
• Forest based works on forest produce like paper industry.

• Marine based works on raw-material obtained from oceans, rivers etc. like sea food industry.
(d) People prefer to live in moderate climate. Deserts where the climate is harsh is not densely
populated.
d
People prefer to live in plains than mountains as it is easier to construct rail, roadways etc. in
plains.
ite
m
(a) • Providing them with technical and vocational education.
• Opportunities for good training.
Li
• Making available the tools and machines.
(b) • Leads to unemployment.
ny
• Shortage of raw material.
• Lack of space and food.
pa
(c) • In India farms are very small whereas in USA they are very large.
• In India soil testing is not done whereas it is done in U.S.A.
om
• In India agriculture is done using very little use of machinery whereas in USA combine
harvesters are used.
C
8. Terms.
(a) Primary Activities – All those activities which are connected with extraction of goods from
d
nature by man.
An
(b) Pisciculture – The art and science of breeding fish in specially constructed tanks.
(c) Private sector Industries – Industries which are established and operated by Individual or group
of individuals.
nd
(d) Growth rate – Difference between birth rate and death rate.
(e) Population Pyramid – It is a graphical representation of the age, sex composition of a population.
ha

(a) Milpa (b) Tertiary
C
(c) Ahmedabad (d) Kharkoi

S.

©

(a) Steps to conserve water:
• Save - water campaign.
• Rain - water harvesting.

92
• Water recycling plants.

• Provision of deep hand - pumps in rural areas.
(b) • Use of CNG in vehicles.
• Mandatory for all new vehicles to abide by pollution under control certificate.
d
• Incorporating CFC free refrigeration and cooling systems.
ite
• Initiatives for cleaning up of rivers.
(c) • To list horrible crimes under which people can be punished.
m
• To stop the atrocities against SC/ST.
• To safeguard the property interests of SC/ST.
Li
• To safeguard the women against the atrocities.
(d) • Displaced from their land.
ny
• Are forced to work in cities as labourers.
• Affected their social and cultural life.
pa
(a) Santhali (b) Marginalisation
om
(c) 14 (d) Child
(e) Bhopal
C
12. Choose the correct option.

1. (b) Maharaja Hari Singh 2. (d) Sri Lanka
d
3. (d) Chauri Chaura 4. (a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

An
5. (b) Calcutta 6. (d) Aligarh

7. (a) Self-respect Movement 8. (b) Cowasjee Nanabhai
9. (a) 8.1% of Indian population 10. (d) All of the above
nd

11. (a) 1993 12. (b) Jaundice
13. (c) Osaka 14. (b) Black soil
ha

15. (c) Cooperative 16. (d) All of the above
17. (a) Thickly populated 18. (b) 1.8%
C

19. (b) Sandy soil 20. (a) Beverage
S.
©

Ncert History

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ncert History

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TEACHER’S

Pune : Ph: 64017298, pune@schandpublishing.com

Ranchi : Ph: 2361178, ranchi@schandpublishing.com

© 2013, S. Chand And Company Limited

er care (toll free) No: 1800 3070 2850

First Published 2013

Code: 10SE000398 Product Code: SCS2ASC086SSTAB18CBN

Typesetting by Ram Avtar

Lesson Plan for History 4

HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL SCIENCE_VIII.indd 3 12/26/2018 7:57:57 PM

Periods & Contents/Flow Chart Expected Learning

• The Conquest of Bengal the progressive control over

• The Battle of Buxar (1764 CE)

• The Marathas: The Anglo-Maratha Wars

and Pitt’s India Act

HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL SCIENCE_VIII.indd 4 12/26/2018 7:57:57 PM

Periods & Contents/Flow Chart Expected Learning

Chapter 5: When People Rebel

Teaching Aids: Blackboard, Textbook, PPTs, e-Content.

can lead to revolts.

Teaching Aids: Blackboard, Textbook, Maps, PPTs, e-Content.

Stations, Civic Agencies and Police and Law

HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL SCIENCE_VIII.indd 5 12/26/2018 7:57:57 PM

Periods & Contents/Flow Chart Expected Learning

• Baroda – A Case Study

Teaching Aids: Blackboard, Textbook, Maps, PPTs, e-Content.

6 periods • Upliftment of the Status of Women To help students

Ahmed Khan, Kandukuri Veeresaligam, Jyotiba Phule upliftment of oppressed

• The Women Who Championed the Cause: Pandita

• The Reformists of a Caste based Society: Shri

Venkata Ramaswamy and Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar

Teaching Aids: Blackboard, Textbook, PPTs, e-Content.

HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL SCIENCE_VIII.indd 6 12/26/2018 7:57:57 PM

Periods & Contents/Flow Chart Expected Learning

• Two Nation Theory: The Cripps Mission

• Quit India Movement 1942

Chapter 12: Indian History – Post Independence

6 periods • Initial Challenges: Rehabilitation of Refugees and Students should be able

• Government and Administration: Planning faced by India at the time

Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka

HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL SCIENCE_VIII.indd 7 12/26/2018 7:57:57 PM

2. It gives us elaborate accounts of trading and economic conditions of those times.

social, economic and political life.

4. To understand the topography, flora-fauna, local histories, archaeology etc.

1. • It can be obtained from newspapers, magazines, letters, pamphlets, autobiographies, text of

• It also includes photographs and audio-video clips.

HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL SCIENCE_VIII.indd 8 12/26/2018 7:57:57 PM

A. Choose the correct option.

C. State whether true or false.

1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. False

D. Match the following.

1. Dupleix French Governor

5. Lord Dalhousie Doctrine of Lapse

8. Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab

E. Answer the following questions briefly.

HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL SCIENCE_VIII.indd 9 12/26/2018 7:57:57 PM

• New muskets and matchlock were introduced.

F. Answer the following questions in detail.

All this led to conflict.

HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL SCIENCE_VIII.indd 10 12/26/2018 7:57:58 PM

relating to civil military and revenue matters relating to India.

• Provided with muskets and matchlock.

HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL SCIENCE_VIII.indd 11 12/26/2018 7:57:58 PM

Lesson Plan for History 4