Lakhmir Singh Science - 2 - V3

Lakhmir Singh’s
SCIENCE
FOR
CLASS 2
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This Book Belongs to :

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Name ..............................................................
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Roll No.............................................................
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Class and Section ...........................................

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School .............................................................
Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 2

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© 2017 Lakhmir Singh & Manjit Kaur

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or copied in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium in form of graphics,
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Jurisdiction : All disputes with respect to this publication shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Courts, Tribunals and Forums of New Delhi, India only.
First Published in 2017

First Impression 2017
ISBN : 9789352532728
PRINTED IN INDIA
By Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Plot 20/4, Site-IV, Industrial Area Sahibabad, Ghaziabad-201010
and Published by S. Chand And Company Limited, 7361, Ram Nagar, New Delhi -110 055.

An Open Letter
Dear Friend,
We would like to talk to you for a few minutes, just

to give you an idea of some of the special features
of this book. Before we go further, let us tell you that
this book conforms to the NCERT guidelines prescribed
by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).
Just like our earlier books, we have written this book
ABOUT THE AUTHORS in such a simple style that even the weak students will
be able to understand science very easily. Believe us,
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LAKHMIR SINGH did his M.Sc. from Delhi while writing this book, we have considered ourselves
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University in 1969. Since then he has been to be the students of the concerned class and tried
teaching in Dyal Singh College of Delhi
to make things as simple as possible.
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University, Delhi. He started writing books in
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1980. Lakhmir Singh believes that book writing The most important feature of this book is that we
is just like classroom teaching. Though a book have included a large variety of different types of
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can never replace a teacher but it should make questions for assessing the learning abilities of the
the student feel the presence of a teacher.
Keeping this in view, he writes books in such a
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students. This book contains:
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style that students never get bored reading his (i) Objective type questions,
books. Lakhmir Singh has written more than 15
(ii) Subjective type questions,
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books so far on all the science subjects: Physics,

Chemistry and Biology. He believes in writing (iii) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs),
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quality books. He does not believe in quantity.

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(iv) Questions based on Higher Order Thinking Skills

MANJIT KAUR did her B.Sc., B.Ed. from Delhi
(HOTS), and
University in 1970. Since then she has been
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teaching in a reputed school of Directorate of (v) Activities.

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Education, Delhi. Manjit Kaur is such a popular

science teacher that all the students want to join Please note that answers have also been given for
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those classes which she teaches in the school. the various types of questions, wherever required. All
She has a vast experience of teaching science to these features will make this book even more useful
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school children, and she knows the problems to the students as well as the teachers. “A picture
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faced by the children in the study of science. can say a thousand words”. Keeping this in mind, a
Manjit Kaur has put all her teaching experience large number of coloured pictures and sketches of
into the writing of science books. She has co- various scientific processes, procedures, appliances,
authored more than 15 books alongwith her
manufacturing plants and everyday situations involving
husband, Lakhmir Singh.
principles of science have been given in this book.
It is the team-work of Lakhmir Singh and This will help the students to understand the various
Manjit Kaur which has given some of the concepts of science clearly. It will also tell them how
most popular books in the history of science science is applied in the real situations in homes,
education in India. Lakhmir Singh and Manjit transport and industry.
Kaur both write exclusively for the most
reputed, respected and largest publishing We are sure you will agree with us that the facts
house of India : S. Chand and Company Pvt. and formulae of science are just the same in all
Ltd.

Books by Lakhmir Singh the books, the difference lies in the method of
and Manjit Kaur presenting these facts to the students. In this book,
1. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 1 the various topics of science have been explained
in such a simple way that while reading this book,
2. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 2 a student will feel as if a teacher is sitting by his
side and explaining the various things to him. We
3. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 3
are sure that after reading this book, the students
4. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 4 will develop a special interest in science and they
would like to study science in higher classes as well.
We think that the real judges of a book are the
teachers concerned and the students for whom it
7. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 7 is meant. So, we request our teacher friends as
well as the students to point out our mistakes, if
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any, and send their comments and suggestions for
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9. Science for Ninth Class (Part 1) PHYSICS the further improvement of this book.
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10. Science for Ninth Class (Part 2) CHEMISTRY Wishing you a great success,
11. Science for Tenth Class (Part 1) PHYSICS Yours sincerely,
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12. Science for Tenth Class (Part 2) CHEMISTRY
13. Science for Tenth Class (Part 3) BIOLOGY
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14. Rapid Revision in Science

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(A Question-Answer Book for Class X)

396, Nilgiri Apartments,
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15. Science for Ninth Class (J & K Edition) Alaknanda, New Delhi-110019
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E-mail : singhlakhmir@hotmail.com
16. Science for Tenth Class (J & K Edition)
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17. Science for Ninth Class (Hindi Edition) :

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PHYSICS and CHEMISTRY

18. Science for Tenth Class (Hindi Edition) :
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PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY and BIOLOGY

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19. Saral Vigyan (A Question-Answer Science

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Book in Hindi for Class X)
DISCLAIMER
While the authors of this book have made every effort to avoid any mistake or omission and have used their skill, expertise and
knowledge to the best of their capacity to provide accurate and updated information, the authors and the publisher do not give
any representation or warranty with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication and are selling this
publication on the condition and understanding that they shall not be made liable in any manner whatsoever. The publisher and
the authors expressly disclaim all and any liability/responsibility to any person, whether a purchaser or reader of this publication or
not, in respect of anything and everything forming part of the contents of this publication. The publisher and authors shall not be
responsible for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of the use of the information contained in this publication. Further, the
appearance of the personal name, location, place and incidence, if any; in the illustrations used herein is purely coincidental and
work of imagination. Thus the same should in no manner be termed as defamatory to any individual.

CONTENTS
UNIT I: PLANT LIFE
1. TYPES OF PLANTS 7
2. FOOD FROM PLANTS 15
3. OTHER USES OF PLANTS 23
UNIT II: ANIMAL LIFE
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4. WILD ANIMALS 32
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5. DOMESTIC ANIMALS 41
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UNIT III: ABOUT US pa
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6. INTERNAL BODY PARTS 50
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7. BONES AND MUSCLES 57

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8. FOOD AND MEALS 65

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9. HOUSING AND CLOTHING 73

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UNIT IV: MATERIALS

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10. WHAT THINGS ARE MADE OF 83

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11. ROCKS AND MINERALS 89
UNIT V: SPACE AND OUR ENVIRONMENT
12. AIR 96
13. WATER 102
14. LIGHT AND SHADOW 110
TEST PAPER 1 117
TEST PAPER 2 119

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CHAPTER
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TYPES OF PLANTS
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Learning Objectives: pa
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• Different types of plants
• Parts of plants
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Look at the picture clues. Complete the crossword.

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1. 2. 3. 1 2
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G A E
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3 4
M I T
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4. 5. 6.
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TYPES OF PLANTS
Plants make our surroundings green and beautiful. We see different
types of plants around us.
Trees
Big and tall plants are known as trees. They have strong, woody
stems called trunks. The trunk helps a tree stand straight and upright.
Some trees grow very tall while others spread out wide.
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Mango, apple, banyan and neem are trees.
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Mango tree Banyan tree

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Shrubs
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Short, bushy plants with woody stems are known as shrubs. Shrubs
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have woody stems that rise up from the ground and branch out.
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Rose, tulsi, hibiscus and henna are shrubs.

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Rose Hibiscus

Know more 9
Herbs Banana plants are a type of
herb, not tree.
Small, leafy plants with very soft stems
are called herbs. Grass, coriander, mint and marigold are herbs.
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Marigold Coriander
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Climbers
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Climbers are small plants with weak stems. They need support to grow
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upright. Such plants grow with the support of sticks, fences, walls and
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buildings. Grapevine, money plant and peas are climbers.
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Grapevine Money plant

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Creepers
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Creepers are plants with very weak stems. They creep along the ground
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as they grow.
Pumpkin, bottle gourd, watermelon and sweet potato are creepers.

Pumpkin Watermelon

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PARTS OF PLANTS
A plant has many parts and each part has its own function.
Flower
Flower is the most beautiful part of
the plant. It produces fruit.
Fruit Seeds
Fruit contains seeds.
Seed is present in the

fruit. A baby plant
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grows from the seed.
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Leaf
Leaf is the kitchen of the plant.
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It makes food for the plant.
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Stem
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It holds the plant upright. It carries

food and water from the roots to
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different parts of the plant.

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Roots
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Roots keep the plant fixed to

the soil. They absorb water and
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nutrients from the soil for the

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growth of the plant.

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SUMMARY
• Depending upon the kind of stem, plants are of different types.
• Trees are big and tall with strong, woody stems called trunks.
• Shrubs are short, bushy plants with woody stems.
• Small, leafy plants with very soft stems are called herbs.
• Climbers are small plants with weak stems. They need support to
grow upright.
• Creepers have very weak stems and they creep along the ground.
• A plant has different parts – roots, stem, leaf, flower, fruit and seed.
Each part has its own function.

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GLOSSARY
• Climber: plant with weak stem that needs support to grow upright
• Creeper: plant with very weak stem that creeps along the ground
• Flower: part of the plant that produces fruits
• Fruit: part of the plant that contains seeds
• Herb: small, leafy plants with very soft stems
• Leaf: part of the plant which produces food
• Root: part that fixes the plant tightly to the soil
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• Seed: part of the plant from which a baby plant grows
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• Shrub: short, bushy plants with woody stems
• Stem: holds the plant upright and carries food and water from roots
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to different parts of the plant
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• Tree: tall, big plant with thick and strong stem
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• Trunk: the thick and hard woody stem of a tree

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Objective Type Questions

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1. Choose the correct words to fill in the blanks.

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(a) The ............................. (pumpkin plant/neem tree) has a trunk.

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(b) Seeds are present inside ......................... (fruits/leaves).

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(c) The money plant is a .......................... (shrub/climber).

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(d) ...................... (Fruits/Roots) fix the plant to the soil.

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(e) Grass and coriander are ..................... (shrubs/herbs).
2. Write true or false.

(a) Herbs have soft stems. ....................
(b) Leaves produce food for the plant. ........................
(c) Flowers produce leaves. .................
(d) Grapevine is a shrub. ....................
(e) Trees have strong, woody stems. ........................

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3. Look at the pictures and name the types of plants.
(a) (b) (c)

.................................... .................................. .................................
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(d) (e)
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...................................... .....................................
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4. Match the following:

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Column A Column B
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(a) big, tall plants (i) shrubs

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(b) small, leafy plants (ii) climbers

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(c) short, bushy plants with woody (iii) trees

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stems
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(d) grow with the support of sticks, (iv) creepers

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walls or other structures

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(e) creep along the ground (v) herbs
5. Name the following:

(a) Two trees: .............................., ................................
(b) Part of a plant that carries food and water, and holds it upright:
.......................
(c) Two herbs: ............................, ............................
(d) Part of a plant that has seeds: .....................
(e) Baby plant grows from it: .......................

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Subjective Type Questions
6. Answer the following.
(a) What are the different types of plants?
(b) How are trees different from shrubs?
(c) Why a climber is called so?
(d) Why is a pumpkin plant known as a creeper?
(e) What are the functions of stem and roots?
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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
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7. Tick (ü) the correct options.
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(a) Hibiscus and rose plants are examples of
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(i) herb (ii) creeper (iii) shrub (iv) tree
(b) Which of these are creepers? pa
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(i) neem, mango (ii) tulsi, henna
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(iii) mint, marigold (iv) bottle gourd, sweet potato

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(c) It produces food.

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(i) stem (ii) root (iii) leaf (iv) seed

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(d) Which of these is NOT a climber?

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(i) bottle gourd (ii) money plant (iii) peas (iv) grapevine
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Questions Based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

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8. Tina dropped some seeds in the garden. A few days later, a small plant grew
in the spot. How?
9. Dhruv saw that the gardener was finding it difficult to pull out the dry grass
from the lawn. Why?
10. Grandma was planting a money plant in a pot. She put a moss stick into the
soil in the pot. Why?

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Fun zone!
• Go on a nature walk and collect fallen stems, seeds, flowers, leaves
and other parts of plants. Paste these on an A3 sheet to make a tree of
your own.
• Take help from an elder or your gardener and plant the seed of a plant
you like the most. Give it water, air and sunlight. Observe when and
how the new baby plant appears. How does your baby plant look?
Draw a picture of it in the box given below.
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ANSWERS
1. (a) neem tree (b) fruits (c) climber (d) Roots (e) herbs 2. (a) T (a) T (c) F (d) F (e) T
3. (a) Shrub (a) Herb (c) Climber (d) Creeper (e) Tree 4. (a)(iii); (b)(v); (c)(i); (d)(ii); (e)(iv)
5. (a) Neem tree; Mango Tree (b) Stem (c) Coriander; Grass (d) Fruit (e) Seed 7. (a)(iii);
(b)(iv); (c)(iii); (d)(i)

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FOOD FROM PLANTS
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Learning Objectives:
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• Plants as source of food

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• Different types of food from plants

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Look at the images and solve the crossword.

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1 2
C O 1. 2. 3.
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R N E
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5 6
P O A O
4. 5.
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T C R T
6. 7.
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PLANTS AS SOURCE OF FOOD
Plants give us different types of foods.
Fruits and vegetables

We eat different fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables are an
important part of our meal.
Apple, orange, banana, watermelon, grapes, peach, plum, guava,
pineapple and kiwi are some fruits we eat.
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Fruits
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Potato, onion, cabbage, cauliflower, radish, carrot, spinach, pumpkin

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and lady’s finger are some vegetables we eat in our meals.

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Vegetables
When we eat vegetables, we eat different parts of plants. For example,
• Potato and onion are stems Know more
we eat Fruits are often used to make
• Cabbage, spinach and different things we enjoy eating,
lettuce are leaves we eat such as, tomato sauce, pineapple
jam and orange juice.

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• Turnip, carrot and radish are roots we eat
• Cauliflower and broccoli are flowers we eat
Most fruits are sweet and juicy. Different vegetables have different taste.
Cereals
We get different food grains from plants. Wheat, rice, barley, maize and
oat are food grains we eat. These are called cereals.
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Wheat Rice Maize Oats
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Cereals such as wheat are ground to make flour. The flour is used to
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make chapattis and bread.

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Pulses
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Pulses or dals are other food grains we eat. Kidney beans, red lentil,
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green gram and Bengal gram or chana are all pulses.

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Kidney beans Red Lentil Green gram Bengal gram

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Cooking oil
We need oil to cook food. We get oil from the seeds or fruits of different
plants. Seeds of different plants are ground to get oil. Groundnut oil,
mustard oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil and olive oil are examples.
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Sunflower oil Olive oil
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Spices pa
A spice can be a dried fruit, seed, root or bark of a plant. Spices make food
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taste better. Bay leaf, black pepper, cloves, cardamom, cinnamon, ginger,
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turmeric and coriander are different spices we use while cooking food.
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Bay leaf Black pepper Cloves Cardamon

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We also get tea, coffee and sugar from plants. Cocoa, used for making
chocolate, is also obtained from plants.

Tea Coffee Chocolate

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SUMMARY
• Plants are an important source of food.
• We get fruits, vegetables, food grains, spices and oils from plants.
• We eat different parts of plants.
• Cereals and pulses are food grains we get from plants.
• We get oil from the seeds or fruits of different plants.
• A spice can be a dried fruit, seed, root or bark of a plant. Spices make
food tastier.
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• We also get tea, coffee, sugar and cocoa from plants.
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GLOSSARY
• Cereal: any plant whose grains are used for food, such as wheat, oats,
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rice
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• Pulses: grains such as kidney beans and chana
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• Spice: a dried root, bark, fruit or seed used to make food tastier
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(a) Kiwi and plum are …………………… (vegetables/fruits).

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(b) Cabbage and spinach are …………….. (leaves/flowers) of plants.

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(c) Wheat and rice are ………………………… (pulses/cereals).

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(d) …………………….. (Sugar/Bay leaf) is a spice.

(e) Carrot and radish are ………………… (stems/roots) we eat.

(a) Potato and onion are stems we eat. …………………….
(b) Kidney bean is a cereal. ……………
(c) Wheat is ground to make flour. ………………
(d) We eat only stems and roots of plants. …………………..
(e) Cocoa is used to make chocolate. …………………..

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3. Name each kind of plant food.
pulses vegetable cereal fruit spice

(a) .............................. (b) .............................. (c) ..............................
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(d) .............................. (e) ..............................

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Column A Column B
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(a) pineapple, kiwi (i) cereals

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(b) spinach, pumpkin (ii) pulses

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(c) barley, maize (iii) fruits

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(d) green gram, Bengal gram (iv) spices

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(e) black pepper, cardamom (v) vegetables
5. Name two for each of the following:

(a) Vegetables: …………………………., …………………………
(b) Fruits: …………………….., …………………………
(c) Cereals: …………………….., ………………………..
(d) Pulses: ………………….,……………………
(e) Spices: …………………………, …………………………..

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(a) What are some foods we get from plants?
(b) What is wheat flour?
(c) How are spices useful?
(d) What is cocoa used for?
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(a) Clove is a
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(i) cereal (ii) pulses (iii) spice (iv) fruit
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(b) Kidney beans and green gram are
(i) pulses (ii) cereals pa(iii) spices (iv) vegetables
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(c) Potato and onion are …………….. we eat.
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(i) stems (ii) roots (iii) leaves (iv) flowers

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(d) Carrot and radish are ……………… we eat.

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(i) leaves (ii) flowers (iii) stems (iv) roots

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8. Name two foods you eat that are from plants and two foods that are not from
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plants.
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Food from plants: …………………………., …………………………………..

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Food not from plants: …………………………., …………………………….

9. Which part of a plant do we eat when we eat the following:
(a) Peas: ……………
(b) Corn: ………………..
(c) Pomegranate: …………………..

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Fun zone!
• Collect pictures of food we get from plants. Paste them to make an album
on ‘Plants as source of food’.
• In the given empty boxes, draw and colour the picture of your favourite
fruit and vegetable.
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Fruit Vegetable
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• Collect a small amount of the following from your kitchen and put them
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in small pouches:
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(a) Two cereals

(b) Two pulses
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(c) Two spices

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(d) Tea
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(e) Sugar
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(f) Coffee
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Staple the pouches and paste them in your EVS notebook. Name the
plant product under each pouch.
ANSWERS
1. (a) fruits (b) leaves (c) cereals (d) Bay leaf (e) roots 2. (a) T (b) F (c) T (d) F (e) T
3. (a) spice (b) fruit (c) vegetable (d) cereal (e) pulses 4. (a)(iii); (b)(v); (c)(i); (d)(ii); (e)(iv)
5. (a) Spinach; Turnip (b) Mango; Kiwi (c) Wheat; Rice (d) Kidney beans; Bengal gram
(e) Bay leaf; Turmeric 7. (a)(iii); (b)(i); (c)(i); (d)(iv)

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CHAPTER
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OTHER USES OF PLANTS
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• Fibre plants, medicinal plants
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• Wood, paper, rubber, gum

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• Other uses
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Circle the things we get from plants.

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Plants are important source of food for us. Plants also give us many
other things. Let us learn about them here.
FIBRE PLANTS
Fibres are used to make cloth. Different types of fibres are used to make
clothes, napkins, bags and other things.
We get cotton and jute fibres from cotton and jute plants. Such plants
that gives us fibres are called fibre plants. These fibres are used to make
threads. The thread is then used to make cloth.
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Cotton plant Cotton products
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Jute plant Jute products

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MEDICINAL PLANTS
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Some plants are used to make

medicines. These are known as
medicinal plants. Examples: Neem,
tulsi, turmeric, garlic and clove.
The leaves of tulsi are used to cure cold
and cough. Cloves and clove oil help
to soothe toothache. Neem is known
Tulsi
to cure skin infections.

25
WOOD, PAPER, RUBBER, GUM
Many things we use in our day-to-day life are made of wood. Furniture,
doors, windows, pencils, cricket bats, musical instruments and boats are
some examples.
Wood is also needed for making houses, bridges and other buildings.
Wood from trees such as teak, sal and mahogany are commonly used
to make different things.
Paper is another important product we get from
d
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plants. Paper is needed to make books, notebooks,
calenders, bags, napkins and many other things.
t
Pv
ny
Another important plant product is rubber. Erasers, tyres
pa
for vehicles, rubber bands and gum boots are things made
om
of rubber. We get rubber from the juice of the rubber tree.

C
d
an
We get gum from the acacia tree. Gum is used

to make glue that we use for craft work and
nd
many other purposes.

ha
OTHER USES OF PLANTS

C
S
Flowers and other plant parts are used to make soap, shampoo and
©
toothpaste. Many flowers have a pleasant smell, for example, rose and
jasmine. These are used to make perfumes.

Other plant products

26 Know more
Flower is the most beautiful part of Honey bees visit flowers to
a plant. Colourful flowers are used collect nectar. They use the
for decoration and to make flower nectar to make honey.
rangoli.
d
t Lt
Pv

ny
Bouquets are gifted on special occasions
such as birthdays and weddings. pa
om
Mehandi leaves are made into paste. This
paste is applied on palms during weddings
C
and other special occasions.

d
an
Often climbers are used to decorate

buildings. Indoor and outdoor plants make
nd
our surroundings green and beautiful. Plants also help to keep the air
ha
fresh and clean.

C
They provide shelter to small animals, birds and insects.

S
©

27
SUMMARY
• Plants give us many things.
• Fibre plants such as cotton and jute provide fibres for making clothes.
• Medicinal plants, like neem and tulsi are used to make medicines.
• Plants give us wood, paper, rubber and gum. These are further used
to make many things of day-to-day use.
• Parts of different plants are used to make perfume, soap, shampoo and
toothpaste.
d
• Flowers are used for decoration. Bouquets are gifted on special
Lt
occasions.
t
Pv
• Trees provide shelter to small animals, birds and insects.
ny
• Trees make the air around us clean and fresh. They also make our
surroundings green and beautiful. pa
om
GLOSSARY
C
• Medicinal plants: plants used to make medicines

d
an
• Fibre plants: plants that give materials such as cotton and jute that are
used to make clothes
nd
ha

C
1. Choose words from the box to fill in the blanks.

S
©
wood clove air skin thread
(a) Fibres such as cotton and jute are used to make …………………...
(b) ………………………. oil helps to soothe toothache.
(c) Neem is known to cure ………………… infections.
(d) …………………….. from trees such as teak, sal and mahogany are
commonly used to make different things.
(e) Plants help to keep the …………………… fresh and clean.

28
Column A Column B
(a) (i) jute plant
(b) (ii) rose plant
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Pv
(c) (iii) rubber plant
ny

pa
om
(d) (iv) cotton plant

C
d
an
nd
(e) (v) teak tree

ha

S
©
(a) Fibres are used to make clothes. ………………….

(b) The rubber plant gives us wood. ……………………
(c) Rubber is used to make tyres for vehicles. ………………….
(d) Clove oil is often used to cure skin infections. …………………
(e) Flowers are used for decoration. …………………….

(a) Two medicinal plants: ……………………………….., ………………………
(b) Two fibre plants: ……………………………., …………………………….

29
(c) Two trees for wood: ……………………….., ……………………………..
(d) A plant that gives us gum: ……………………….
(e) Two uses of plants for animals: ……………………………., ……………………

(a) How are plants useful?
(b) What are fibre plants?
d
(c) Why are tulsi and neem known as medicinal plants?
t Lt
(d) How are plants used for decoration? Give two examples.
Pv
(e) Give some uses of rubber that we get from the rubber plant.
ny
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) pa
om
(a) This is a medicinal plant.
C
d
(i) cotton (ii) jute (iii) neem (iv) rubber

an
(b) Which of these are uses of wood?

nd
(i) making furniture

ha
(ii) building houses and bridges

C
(iii) making pencils, toys and many other things of use

S
(iv) all of these

©
(c) Leaves of this plant are crushed and made into a paste to decorate palm.
(i) jasmine (ii) turmeric (iii) mehandi (iv) tulsi
(d) Fibre we get from plants
(i) cotton (ii) jute
(iii) both cotton and jute (iv) none of these
(e) Animals depend on plants for
(i) food (ii) shelter (iii) air (iv) all of these

30
7. Fill in the blanks.
(a) neem:medicine :: cotton plant:………………..
(b) acacia:……………….. :: sal:wood
8. Payal’s grandpa wants to grow medicinal plants in his garden.
Which of these he might choose to plant?
(i) neem tree (ii) tulsi plants (iii) turmeric (iv) all of these
9. Look around and name three things in your classroom that are made of
d
wood.
Lt
Fun zone!
t
Pv
• Guess the name.
ny
(a) It is a spice and a medicine too: ................................
pa
(b) It grows on a shrub with thorns, you may find its fragrance in soaps
and perfumes: ................................
om
(c) Stick stamps on an envelope or use it for craftwork, remember it is a

C
plant product: ................................

d
(d) Plants give us .........................., use both the sides or it will vanish like
an
vapour
nd
(e) Breathe in fresh air and enjoy the shade if you please, remember to
thank ‘them’ for all of these: ................................
ha
• Spot and circle some things that we get from plants in the word maze
C
below. How many could you spot in 60 seconds?

S
D T E U Q U O B G I
©
S L A M A N G O U V
T K L E N P O U M B
I W G D R E P A P N
U O O I E H J K L F
R O D C B K W I N R
F D O I B L M O L A
D R T N U T S S M G
U E L E R B I F E U
V E G E T A B L E S


31
• On an A3 sheet draw and colour a big tree. On the tree paste pictures of
as many plant products as you can.
• Trace the correct path to help the flower reach the bouquet.
d
t Lt
Pv
ny
pa
om
C
d
an
nd
ha
C
S
©
ANSWERS
1. (a) thread (b) clove (c) skin (d) wood (e) air 2. (a)(v); (b)(iv); (c)(i); (d)(ii); (e)(iii)
3. (a) T (b) F (c) T (d) F (e) T 4. (a) Neem; Tulsi (b) Cotton; Jute (c) Teak; Sal (d) Acacia tree
(e) Food; Shelter 6. (a)(iii); (b)(iv); (c)(iii); (d)(iii); (e)(iv)

CHAPTER
4
WILD ANIMALS
d
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ny
• What are wild animals
• Wild animals – Shelter
pa
om
• Wild animals – Food
C
• Protecting animals
d
an
Write ‘F’ for animals that would be found in a forest and ‘S’ for
animals that you would usually find in your surroundings.
nd
ha
C
S
©
33
ANIMALS IN THE WILD
Animals such as tigers, lions, wolves, zebras, giraffes, bear, birds, snakes,
monkeys, elephants and leopards that live in their natural surroundings
are known as wild animals.
d
t Lt

Pv
WILD ANIMALS – SHELTER
ny
pa
Wild animals may live on land, in water or on trees.
om
Lion, tiger and elephant live on land. Monkeys and squirrels live on trees.
C
d
an
nd
ha
C
Crocodiles and turtles can live on land as well as in water.

©

34
Fish, octopus and whales live in water.
Some wild animals build homes for themselves. For example, birds
build nests and rabbits dig burrows.
d
t Lt
Pv
ny
pa
om
Some wild animals find homes in the wild. For example, lions, tigers
d
and bear live in caves or dens they find in the forest.

an
Know more
nd
Gorillas sleep in nests, which they

ha
build on the ground or in trees. Every

C
evening mountain gorillas build a

S
new nest. At times, they also build

©
nests for midday rest.

WILD ANIMALS – FOOD
We give food to our pets and farm animals. However, wild animals have
to move from place to place in search of food. Different wild animals
eat different kinds of food.
Tigers, lions, crocodiles and leopards eat the flesh of other animals.
They are known as flesh-eating animals or carnivorous animals.
The animal that catches and kills a smaller animal is called the predator.

35
The animal that gets caught and eaten is called the prey.
Tigers first catch their prey, kill it and then eat its flesh. Snakes swallow
their prey whole.
Lt
Carnivorous animals
t
Pv
Some other flesh-eating animals such as foxes, jackals and vultures eat
ny
the flesh of dead animals. They do not hunt themselves and are known
as scavengers. They are important for the forest as they help to keep it
pa
clean.
om
Plant-eating animals eat different parts of plants. Elephants, zebras,

C
giraffes, rhinoceroses and deer are plant-eating animals or herbivorous

d
an
animals.
nd
ha
C
S
©

Herbivorous animals
Bear and crow eat both plants and the flesh of other animals. They are
known as omnivorous animals.
PROTECTING ANIMALS
Animals always face the danger of being harmed or killed.
• We cut trees in forests for wood and land. So, many animals lose
their shelter.

36
• Tigers are often hunted for their skin,
teeth and claws.
• Crocodiles and snakes are killed for their
skin.
• Elephants are killed for their tusks.
• Rhinoceros are killed for their horns.
There are some animals that lived many years ago. However, they got
killed and today, they are no longer found. These are known as extinct
d
animals. Dinosaurs and dodos are such examples.
t Lt
Pv
ny
pa
om
C
Extinct animals
an
Animals such as tiger, panda and rhinoceros are decreasing in numbers

nd
very fast. If they are not protected, they might become extinct soon.
ha
These are known as endangered animals.

C
S
©

Endangered animals
We should save our forests and protect animals from any harm. Any
kind of cruelty towards animals needs to be stopped.

37
SUMMARY
• Wild animals live in their natural surroundings.
• Some animals live on land, some live in water and some live on trees.
• Some wild animals build homes for themselves.
• Some wild animals find homes in the wild.
• Wild animals have to move from place to place in search of food.
• Different wild animals eat different kinds of food.
• Tigers, lions, crocodiles and leopards eat the flesh of other animals. They
d
are known as flesh-eating animals or carnivorous animals.
Lt
• Plant-eating animals eat different parts of plants. Elephants, zebras,
t
Pv
giraffes, rhinoceroses and deer are plant-eating animals or herbivorous
animals.
ny
• Bear and crow eat both plants and the flesh of other animals. They are
known as omnivorous animals.
pa
om
• Animals always face the danger of being harmed or killed.
C
• Extinct animals are no more found on Earth.

d
• Endangered animals are the ones that face the danger of becoming
an
extinct, if not protected.

nd
• We should save our forests and protect animals from any harm.
ha
GLOSSARY
C
S
• Carnivorous animals: animals that eat flesh

©
• Endangered animals: animals whose numbers have decreased and

might vanish forever if not protected
• Extinct animals: animals that are no longer seen anywhere in the world
• Herbivorous animals: animals that eat plants and its parts
• Omnivorous animals: animals that eat both plants and other animals
• Predator: an animal that catches and kills a smaller animal for food
• Prey: an animal that gets caught and eaten by a bigger and stronger animal
• Wild animals: animals that live in their natural surroundings or forests

38
(a) Tigers and lions are …………………. (water/land) animals.
(b) Herbivorous animals eat …………………….. (plants/other animals).
(c) ……………………… (Predator/Prey) is an animal that catches and kills a
smaller animal for food.
(d) …………………. (Omnivores/Scavengers) eat plants as well as flesh of
other animals.
d
(e) …………………… (Endangered/Extinct) animals are no longer seen
Lt
anywhere in the world.
t
Pv
ny
(a) Wild animals live in their natural surroundings. ……………………
pa
(b) Elephants and leopards are water animals. …………………….
(c) A prey hunts and eats a predator. …………………..
om
(d) Rabbits dig burrows. ………………….

C
(e) Scavengers help to keep the forest clean. ……………………….

d
an

nd
Column A Column B
ha
(a) carnivorous (i) scavenger

C
(b) herbivorous (ii) extinct

S
(c) vulture (iii) plant-eaters

©
(d) omnivorous (iv) both plants and animals

(e) dodo, dinosaur (v) flesh-eaters

(a) Three wild animals: ……………………….., ………………………..,
…………………….
(b) Two land animals: ……………………., ……………………..
(c) Two water animals: …………………….., ………………………..

39
(d) Two animals that live both on land and in water: ………………………..,
………………………….
(e) Two extinct animals: …………………., ……………………..
(f) Two endangered animals: ………………………., ……………………

(a) What are wild animals?
(b) Where do wild animals find shelter?
d
(c) How are land animals different from water animals?
Lt
(d) What is a prey?
t
Pv
(e) Why are tigers and elephants killed?
ny
pa
om
(a) Which of the following is NOT a plant-eater?

C
(i) monkey (ii) giraffe (iii) tiger (iv) elephant

d
(b) Which of the following is NOT a flesh-eater?

an
(i) lion (ii) zebra (iii) leopard (iv) snake

nd
(c) Which of these is endangered?

(i) tiger (ii) panda (iii) rhinoceros (iv) all of these
ha
(d) An animal that catches and kills a smaller animal for food is called
C
(i) prey (ii) extinct (iii) predator (iv) endangered

S
(e) Which of these is a scavenger?

©
(i) jackal (ii) zebra (iii) elephant (iv) lion

7. Fill in the blanks.
(a) lion : carnivore :: ………………. : herbivore
(b) dodo : …………………….. :: tiger : endangered
8. How can you protect animals?
(a) By cutting trees (b) By planting more trees
Give reason for your answer.

40
9. Pick the odd one in the group (in terms of food habits) and say why.
(a) (i) tiger (ii) bear (iii) crow
(b) (i) vulture (ii) lion (iii) leopard
Fun zone!
• Help the rabbit come out of its burrow:
d
t Lt
Pv
ny
pa
om
C
d
an
nd
ha
C
• Visit a zoo. Observe how the animals are being taken care of there.
S
Who provides them food and shelter?

©
• Play in pairs. Think of a wild animal. Give three hints to your partner
about the animal and let him or her guess its name. Take turns.
• Have a fancy dress day on wild animals.
• Make a colourful poster on ‘SAVE ANIMALS’ on an A3 sheet. Get your
poster laminated.
ANSWERS
1. (a) land (b) plants (c) Predator (d) Omnivores (e) Extinct 2. (a) T (b) F (c) F (d) T
(e) T 3. (a)(v); (b)(iii); (c)(i); (d)(iv); (e)(ii) 4. (a) Bear; Lion; Tiger (b) Elephant; Giraffe
(c) Fish; Octopus (d) Crocodile; Turtle(e) Dodo; Dinosaur (f) Tiger; Panda 6. (a)(iii); (b)(ii);
(c)(iv); (d)(iii); (e)(i)

CHAPTER
d
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
tLt
Pv
ny
• Domestic animals pa
om
• Food and shelter of domestic animals
• Domestic animals help us
C
d
Look at the pictures below. Paste the picture of another pet in the
an
empty circle.
nd
ha
C
S
©
Pets
people
have
42
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
There are some animals that we keep at homes and in farms. These are
known as domestic animals. We tame domestic animals.
Lt
Pet animal Farm animals
t
Pv
Animals such as dogs, cats, rabbits and fish are often kept as pets.
ny
Cows, goats, hens, ducks, horses and sheep are some farm animals.
pa
FOOD AND SHELTER FOR DOMESTIC ANIMALS
om
Wild animals find their own food and shelter. However, we need to
C
provide food and shelter for our pets and farm animals.
d
an
nd
ha
C
S
DOMESTIC ANIMALS HELP US

Domestic animals help us in many ways. They give us food and other
products.
Useful products from domestic animals
We get milk from cows, buffaloes and goats. Milk is an important part
of our diet.
Milk is used to make milk products such as butter, ghee, curd and cheese.

43
We get eggs from hens and ducks.
Some people eat chicken, meat and fish. We get such food from animals.
Honeybees make honey for us. We collect honey and beeswax from
beehives. The wax is used to make candles.
d
t Lt
Pv

ny
Know more pa
om
Apiaries are places where bees are kept. An apiary is a collection of
beehives. Honey and wax are collected from the hives in an apiary.
C
d
an
Wool and silk are fibres we get from animals. These fibres are woven
into threads. Threads are used to make cloth.
nd
We get wool from sheep. Wool is used to make woollen clothes such as
ha
sweaters, caps and mufflers.

C
S
We get silk from silkworms. Silk is used to make sarees and scarves.
©

Wool Silk

44
When animals such as buffaloes, camels and goats die, their skin is used
to make leather. Leather is used to make bags, shoes, belts and jackets.
d
Leather products
Lt
Animals help in other ways
t
Pv
Donkeys, elephants and camels are animals that help us carry heavy
ny
loads. Some animals help us to travel from place to place.
pa
om
C
d
an
nd
ha
Camels carrying load Horse cart carries people

S
Pets are our friends. It is fun to play with pets. They help us in many
©
ways.
Tina’s pet dog fetches Neel’s pet cat keeps Shelley’s pet dogs guard
the frisbee. the mice away. their house from thieves.

45
SUMMARY
• Domestic animals are kept at homes and in farms.
• Taming an animal is to train it so that it can live with people.
• Domestic animals help us in many ways. They give us food and other
products.
• We get milk from cows, buffaloes and goats.
• We get eggs from hens and ducks.
d
• We collect honey and wax from beehives.
Lt
• Wool and silk are fibres we get from animals.
t
Pv
• When animals such as buffaloes, snakes, camels and goats die, their
ny
skin is used to make leather.
pa
• Leather is used to make bags, shoes, belts and jackets.
om
• Donkeys, elephants and camels are animals that help us carry heavy
C
loads.
d
• Some animals help us to travel from place to place.

an
• Pets are our friends.

nd
ha
GLOSSARY
C
S
• Beeswax: wax collected from beehives

©
• Domestic animals: animals that are kept at homes and in farms

• Fibre: material used to make thread
• Milk products: products such as butter, curd and cheese that are
made from milk
• Pets: animals that live in our homes
• Tamed animal: an animal that is trained so that it can live with people
• Thread: material used to weave cloth

46
(a) We get eggs from ……………… (ducks/sheep).
(b) Cows and buffaloes give us ………………….. (milk/silk).
(c) …………………. and …………….. (Chicken, cheese/Curd, cheese) are
milk products.
(d) ………………….. (Lions/Elephants) help us carry heavy load.
(e) We collect honey and …………………… (wax/leather) from beehives.
d
Lt
t
Pv
Column A Column B
ny
(a) butter, ghee (i) leather
(b) hens, ducks
pa
(ii) honeybees
om
(c) wax, honey (iii) milk products

C
(d) bags, belts (iv) pets

d
an
(e) fish, rabbits (v) eggs

nd
3.
Write true or false.
ha
(a) Domestic animals are tamed. ………………….

C
(b) Honeybees give us leather. …………………….

S
©
(c) Ducks and horses are common pets. ……………………

(d) Beeswax is used to make candles. ………………..
(e) Donkeys and elephants help us to carry heavy load. …………………
(a) Three farm animals: ………………….., ………………………., ………………
(b) Three pets: ………………….., …………………………., ………………………
(c) Two animals that give us milk: ……………………, ………………………..

47
(d) Two animals that give us eggs: ………………….., …………………………….
(e) Two things that we get from honeybees: ………………………, ……………
5. What are these? Answer in one word.
d
Lt
(a) .......................... (b) .......................... (c) ..........................
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Pv
ny
pa
om
(d) .......................... (e) ......................................

d
an

nd

ha
(a) What are domestic animals?

C
(b) What are pets?

S
(c) How do domestic animals help us?

©
(d) Where do we get leather from?

(e) How do pets get food and shelter?

(a) This is a milk product.
(i) honey (ii) wax (iii) cheese (iv) eggs
(b) Which of the following is a pet?
(i) lion (ii) tiger (iii) fish (iv) elephant

48
(c) A pet that keeps the mice away.
(i) dog (ii) rabbit (iii) fish (iv) cat
(d) They give us eggs.
(i) camels and horses (ii) ducks and hens
(iii) cows and buffaloes (iv) sheep and honeybees
(e) We get wool from
(i) fish (ii) sheep (iii) donkey (iv) buffalo
d
Lt
8. Can we keep a tiger as a pet? Say why.
t
9. Why are food such as curd, cheese and butter known as animal products?
Pv
10. Are there some animals that live in our house but are not our pets? If yes,
ny
can you name two such animals?
11. Pick the odd one in the group and say why. pa
om
(a) (i) curd (ii) cheese (iii) milk (iv) butter
(b) (i) wool (ii) silk (iii) leather (iv) cotton
C
(c) (i) sheep (ii) rabbit (iii) cow (iv) goat

d
an
Fun zone!
nd
• Find words related to farm and pet animals hidden in the maze below.
ha
How many could you spot in 60 seconds?

C
F L H O R S E C A R T K
S
K S O C F M M S Y E G P
©
P L N D K E P P G T H L
S H E D Y A D A A L F P
M U Y L U T S L U E D R
S S J K T X E P R H S X
L Y D D T N G I D S D A
P E F R N S G T E R E W
O K D E M A T A S P R S
S N K R T U O I L D T E
D O G M R O W K L I S E
F D H Y L D E R T Y U B

49
• Collect pictures to show different ways in which domestic animals help
us. Paste them on an A3 sheet and add captions under each picture.
• Make a sheep collage.
Things you will need: Green craft paper, black pen, glue, cotton bolls
Steps:
Use the black pen to draw the picture of a sheep on the green craft paper.
Spread some glue on the body of the sheep and stick the cotton balls on it.
You may make collage of other domestic animals as well.
• Solve the riddles!
d
(a) ‘Wag-wag’ goes my tail when you call me your best friend! ……………………
Lt
(b) ‘Trot-trot’ I love to race, oats and hay is what I munch on. ……………………
t
Pv
(c) A talkative pet is what you are looking for? Here I am all feathery and
green. …………………………..
ny
(d) My little one is called a chick. I stay in a cosy coop. ………………….
pa
(e) You remember me in your favourite nursery rhyme. ‘Baa-Baa’ is my call.
om
…………………………..
C
(f) When I eat grass, I chew and chew. When I want to speak, I utter ‘moo
and moo’. …………………….
d
an
ANSWERS
nd
1. (a) ducks (b) milk (c) Curd; cheese(d) Elephants (e) wax 2. (a)(iii); (b)(v); (c)(ii);
ha
(d)(i); (e)(iv) 3. (a) T (b) F (c) F (d) T (e) T 4. (a) Horse; Sheep; Cow (b) Dog; Cat; Fish
C
(c) Cow; Buffalo (d) Hen; Duck (e) Honey; wax 5. (a) Beehive (b) Horse cart
(c) Farm animal (d) Silkworm (e) Pet animals 7. (a)(iii); (b)(iii); (c)(iv); (d)(ii); (e)(ii)
S
©

50
CHAPTER
6
INTERNAL BODY PARTS
d
t Lt
Pv
ny
• Internal body parts and their functions
pa
om
Hidden in the word maze below are some body parts. How many can
C
you spot in 60 seconds?

d
an
D S H O P W O P D H W M
nd
F K I S O F H A T E R R
ha
G E N M P O J E I G A A
C
H E D J K O E P N E T K
S
J H M O U T H P S L H P
©
K C H I N K A O E N S S
L S A D F L N L A J A D
D W I R T Y D E P K L F
J E R K F E P M A L E R
K R J D R W O R B E Y E
L T P K L W G T Y U E F
F O R E H E A D P O D G
Eyes, nose, ears, hands and legs are some of our body parts. We can see
these parts. These are known as the external body parts. There are some

51
body parts that lie inside the body and are not visible from outside.
Let us learn about these parts here.
INTERNAL BODY PARTS
Parts of the body that lie inside the body and cannot be seen from
outside are known as the internal body parts.
Brain, lungs, heart and stomach are some important internal body parts.
Brain
d
Lt
It is the control centre of the body.
It helps us to think and perform
t
Pv
various actions. It guides the other
body parts with their actions.
ny
pa Lungs
om
We have a pair of lungs. These help
us to breathe. They help us to take
C
in fresh air and give out stale air.

d
an
Heart
The heart works all the time. It
nd
pumps the blood around the body.

ha
C
Stomach
The stomach is a stretchy bag that
S
stores the food we eat. It smashes

©
the food into a pulp.
Internal body parts

52
Know more
Stethoscope is an instrument that makes sounds inside the body
louder. Doctors and nurses listen to the heart with a stethoscope.
SUMMARY
• Eyes, nose, ears, hands and legs are some of our external body parts.
We can see these parts.
• Brain, lungs, heart and stomach are some of our internal body parts.
d
Lt
• The internal body parts lie inside the body and are not visible from
outside.
t
Pv
• The brain is the control centre of the body. It helps us think and perform
ny
all other actions.
pa
• We have a pair of lungs. These help us to breathe.
om
• The heart works all the time. It pumps blood around the body.
C
• The stomach is a stretchy bag that stores the food we eat.

d
an
GLOSSARY
nd
• Brain: the control centre of the body; it controls the actions of all the
ha
body parts
C
• External body parts: body parts that we can see

S
• Heart: the part that pumps blood around the body

©
• Internal body parts: body parts that lie inside the body and are not
visible from outside
• Lungs: a pair of organs that helps us breathe in fresh air and breathe
out stale air
• Stomach: a stretchy bag that stores the food we eat and smashes it
into pulp

53
(a) ...................... (Nose/Stomach) is an internal body part.
(b) We have a pair of ..................... (hearts/lungs).
(c) The ........................... (stomach/heart) pumps blood around the body.
(d) .......................... (Hands/Lungs) are external body parts.
(e) The ....................... (stomach/brain) stores the food we eat.
d
t Lt
Column A Column B
Pv
(a) a pair (i) brain
ny
(b) stretchy bag (ii) heart
(c) control centre
pa
(iii) lungs
om
(d) pump (iv) external body parts
C
(e) nose, ears (v) stomach

d
an
3.
Name the following:
nd
(a) Body parts that we can see: ..................................

ha
(b) Body parts that lie inside the body: ...............................

C
(c) The body part that pumps blood around the body: ....................
S
(d) A pair of body parts that helps in breathing: ......................

©
(e) A stretchy bag that holds the food we eat: ......................

(a) We can see the external body parts. .........................
(b) Heart is a stretchy bag. .........................
(c) Stomach helps us to breathe in fresh air and breathe out stale air.
....................
(d) The brain is the control centre of the body. ......................
(e) The stomach smashes the food into pulp. ....................

54
5. Name the body parts.
(a)
(b) (c)

(a) ......................................................
(b) ......................................................
d
Lt
(d) (c) ......................................................
t
Pv
(d) ......................................................

ny
Subjective Type Questions pa
om
(a) What are external body parts?
C
d
(b) What are internal body parts?

an
(c) Why is the brain known as the control centre of the body?
nd
(d) What is the function of the lungs?

ha
(e) Which body part stores the food we eat?

C
S

©

(a) Which of these is NOT an external body part?
(i) hands (ii) ears (iii) lungs (iv) legs
(b) Which of these is NOT an internal body part?
(i) brain (ii) lungs (iii) nose (iv) stomach
(c) It controls the actions performed by all the other body parts.
(i) heart (ii) stomach (iii) brain (iv) hand
(d) Body part present in a pair
(i) stomach (ii) heart (iii) lungs (iv) brain

55
(e) Which of these is TRUE about the stomach?
(i) it is like a stretchy bag (ii) it stores the food we eat
(iii) it smashes food into a pulp (iv) all of these

8. Tick (ü) the odd one. Say why.
(a) (i) stomach (ii) brain (iii) eyes (iv) heart
(b) (i) heart (ii) brain (iii) stomach (iv) lungs
(c) Which of these is NOT TRUE about the lungs?
d
Lt
(i) helps in breathing
(ii) helps to take in fresh air
t
Pv
(iii) smashes food into pulp
ny
(iv) helps to give out stale air
pa
9. Name an external body part that helps the lungs with their work.
om
Fun zone!
C
• Imagine the brain, heart, stomach and lungs had a fight! Write something
d
an
funny each would say.

nd
ha
C
S
©

56
• Make flash cards on external and internal body parts. Draw and colour
pictures of different body parts. Cut and paste the pictures on card paper
to make the flash cards. Write the name and function of each part at the
backside of its flash card.
• Solve the riddles!
(a) It tastes everything and eats nothing. .......................................
(b) We work in a team

to take in fresh air
d
and blow the stale out!
Lt
.......................................
t
Pv
(c) Hop or skip, jump or run with the two of us its exercise and fun!
ny
.......................................
pa
(d) It beats and beats and never sleeps! .......................................
om
(e) Sitting inside your head, I help you think. .......................................

C
d
(f) I bag your cookies, I bag your peach

an
I bag your veggies, and help you digest each.

nd
.......................................
ha
C
ANSWERS
S
©
1. (a) Stomach (b) lungs (c) heart (d) Hands (e) stomach 2. (a)(iii); (b)(v); (c)(i); (d)(ii);
(e)(iv) 3. (a) External body parts (b) Internal body parts (c) Heart (d) Lungs (e) Stomach
4. (a) T (b) F (c) F (d) T (e) T 5. (a) Heart (b) Lungs (c) Stomach (d) Brain 7. (a)(iii);
(b)(iii); (c)(iii); (d)(iii); (e)(iv)

CHAPTER
d
Lt
BONES AND MUSCLES
t
Pv
ny
• Bones and skeleton pa
om
• Muscles
• Posture
C
• Exercise and proper food

d
an
Identify the animals. Write the correct letter to name them.

nd
1. 2.
ha
3.
C
S
©
4. 5.
(a) ostrich
(b) frog
(c) wolf
(d) dinosaur
(e) fish
58
BONES AND MUSCLES
Our body is made up of bones and muscles. Press your upper arms.
The portion that feels hard to touch is the bones. The portion that feels
soft to touch is the muscles.
Bones Know more

A baby has about 300 bones
The human body is made up of 206
but an adult has 206. Many
bones. In the activity on the previous
bones, such as those in the
page, you could identify the animals by
d
skull join together as the
Lt
looking at their framework of bones or
baby grows.
t
skeletons. In the same way, the bones in
Pv
the human body join together to form the human skeleton.
ny
Functions of the skeleton:
pa
• The skeleton helps us to stand straight and walk.
om
• It gives shape to our body.

C
• It protects the delicate inner parts of our body.

d
an
Skull protects
The place where
the brain.
nd
two bones meet is Neck joint

known as a joint.
ha
Shoulder joint
We can bend our
C
body around the Ribcage protects the

S
Elbow joint heart and lungs.

joints.
©
Wrist joint
Knee joint
Joints helps us to bend

59
Muscles
Muscles are the soft parts that cover our bones. Muscles help us move
the bones.
The human body has more than 600 muscles. The skin covers the muscles
and bones. Muscles and bones work together as a team and help us to
d
tLt
Pv
ny
bend stand sit walk run
pa
POSTURE
om
Posture is the body position we have while standing, sitting and walking.
C
We must always have an upright and straight posture.

d
×  × 
an
nd
ha
(a) (b)
C
S
©
× 
× 
(c) (d)

60
To keep our bones and muscles healthy and strong, we must have the
correct posture while sitting, standing, bending and moving. Correct
posture keeps the body in good shape.
EXERCISE AND PROPER FOOD

In order to maintain healthy bones, we need to have healthy food, such
as milk, cheese and eggs.
For strong muscles we need to exercise and stay active. Activities such as
cycling, swimming and playing sports keep the muscles working well.
d
t Lt
Pv
ny
pa
om
Healthy food and regular exercise is essential for strong muscles and bones
d
an
SUMMARY
nd
• Our body is made up of bones and muscles.

ha
• The bones in the human body join together to form the human skeleton.
C
• The skeleton helps us to stand straight and walk; it gives shape to our
S
body; and it protects the delicate inner parts of our body.

©
• The place where two bones meet is known as a joint.

• We can bend our body around the joints.
• Muscles are the soft parts that cover our bones.
• Muscles help us move the bones.
• Posture is the body position we have while standing, sitting and
walking.
• We must always have an upright and straight posture.
• Exercise and healthy food are essential for strong bones and muscles.

61
GLOSSARY
• Joint: place where two bones meet
• Posture: position of our body when we sit, stand or walk
• Skeleton: framework of bones in our body

1. Choose the correct words from the box to fill in the blanks.
skeleton posture shape joint muscles
d
(a) Our body is made up of bones and ………………….
Lt
(b) Bones join together to form the ………………………….
t
Pv
(c) The skeleton gives …………………….. to our body.
ny
(d) ……………….. is the place where two bones meet.

pa
(d) An upright and straight …………………….. is important for healthy bones
om
and muscles.
C

d
(a) Bones are soft to touch. …………………..

an
(b) Muscles and bones work together to help our body parts move.
nd
…………………………..
ha
(c) Joint is the place where two muscles meet. ………………………..

C
(d) Posture is the position of the body when we sit, stand or walk.
S
……………………..
©
(e) An upright posture is harmful for the bones. ……………………….

Column A Column B
(a) framework of bones (i) joint
(b) position of the body (ii) healthy bones and muscles
(c) bones meet (iii) skeleton
(d) cycling, exercise (iv) around the joints
(e) bend body (v) posture

62
4.
Name the following:
(a) Place where two bones meet. ……………………….
(b) Framework of bones: …………………….
(c) Position of the body when we sit, stand or walk: …………………….
(d) Two things we need to do for healthy bones and muscles:
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Use the words given in the box to label the parts of the skeleton.
d
tLt
Pv
ny
pa
om
C
d
Ribcage
an
Knee joint
Shoulder joint
nd
Skull
ha
Elbow joint
C
S

©

(a) What is the skeleton?
(b) What is a joint?
(c) How do muscles and bones help us?
(d) What are the functions of the skeleton?
(e) What is posture? What kind of posture is good for our bones and
muscles?

63
(a) They are soft to touch.
(i) muscles (ii) bones (iii) both i and ii
(b) They are hard to touch.
(i) bones (ii) muscles (iii) both i and ii
(c) Which of these is a function of the skeleton?
(i) gives shape to the body
d
Lt
(ii) helps us to stand straight and walk
t
(iii) both i and ii
Pv
(d) Number of muscles in the human body
ny
(i) less than 500 (ii) less than 300
(iii) more than 600 (iv) about 206
pa
om

C
8. Cross (×) the incorrect posture.

d
an
nd
ha
C
S
©

9. Rini does not like drinking milk while Mini has two glasses of milk every
day. Who will have stronger bones?
10. How would it be if we had no bones? Talk about it.

64
Fun zone!
• Draw an outline of your body. Stick ear buds and matchsticks to make
a skeleton. You and your friends may paste the skeletons on cardboard
pieces and have a puppet show on a funny skeleton tale!
• On a paper plate, paste pictures of food essential for healthy and strong
bones.
• Find out:
(a) Which is the smallest bone in the body?
(b) Where do bones meet?
d
(c) How many bones does an adult human have?
Lt
(d) What is the centre of a bone?
t
Pv
(e) Which bone protects our brain?
ny
(f) What does the ribcage protect?
ANSWERS
pa
om
1. (a) muscles (b) skeleton (c) shape (d) joint (e) posture 2. (a) F (b) T (c) F (d) T (e) F
3. (a)(iii); (b)(v); (c)(i); (d)(ii); (e)(iv) 4. (a) Joint (b) Skeleton (c) Posture (d) Cycling; Exercise
C
7. (a)(i); (b)(i); (c)(iii); (d)(iii)

d
an
nd
ha
C
S
©

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Lakhmir Singh’s

This Book Belongs to :

Class and Section ...........................................

Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 2

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© 2017 Lakhmir Singh & Manjit Kaur

First Published in 2017

Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 2

We would like to talk to you for a few minutes, just

books so far on all the science subjects: Physics,

quality books. He does not believe in quantity.

(iv) Questions based on Higher Order Thinking Skills

teaching in a reputed school of Directorate of (v) Activities.

Education, Delhi. Manjit Kaur is such a popular

Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 2

11. Science for Tenth Class (Part 1) PHYSICS Yours sincerely,

14. Rapid Revision in Science

(A Question-Answer Book for Class X)

17. Science for Ninth Class (Hindi Edition) :

PHYSICS and CHEMISTRY

PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY and BIOLOGY

19. Saral Vigyan (A Question-Answer Science

Book in Hindi for Class X)

Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 2

UNIT II: ANIMAL LIFE

7. BONES AND MUSCLES 57

8. FOOD AND MEALS 65

9. HOUSING AND CLOTHING 73

UNIT IV: MATERIALS

10. WHAT THINGS ARE MADE OF 83

11. ROCKS AND MINERALS 89

UNIT V: SPACE AND OUR ENVIRONMENT

Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 2

Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 2

Look at the picture clues. Complete the crossword.

Mango tree Banyan tree

Rose, tulsi, hibiscus and henna are shrubs.

Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 2

Grapevine Money plant

Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 2

Seed is present in the

It holds the plant upright. It carries

different parts of the plant.

Roots keep the plant fixed to

nutrients from the soil for the

growth of the plant.

Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 2

• Trunk: the thick and hard woody stem of a tree

Objective Type Questions

1. Choose the correct words to fill in the blanks.

(a) The ............................. (pumpkin plant/neem tree) has a trunk.

(b) Seeds are present inside ......................... (fruits/leaves).

(c) The money plant is a .......................... (shrub/climber).

(d) ...................... (Fruits/Roots) fix the plant to the soil.

(e) Grass and coriander are ..................... (shrubs/herbs).

2. Write true or false.

Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 2

(a) (b) (c)

4. Match the following:

(a) big, tall plants (i) shrubs