CHAPTER - 6

IS MATTER AROUND US PURE

 Classification of matter :-
 On the basis of the physical state, matter is classified into three main types. They are solids,
liquids and gases.
 On the basis of chemical composition matter is classified into two main types. They are pure
substances and mixtures.
 Pure substances are of two types. They are elements and compounds.
 Mixtures are of two types, They are homogeneous mixtures and
heterogeneous mixtures.
Matter

Pure substances Mixtures

Elements Compounds Homogeneous Heterogeneous

mixture mixture
 Pure substance
 Pure substances are defined as  Element :- An element is a chemical substance
substances that are made of only that can't be divided or changed into other
one type of atom or only one type chemical substances by any ordinary chemical
of molecule (a group of atoms means. The smallest unit of an element is
bonded together). The measure of the atom
whether a substance is pure is Examples
known as purity
  Pure substances
include elements and compounds
 The composition of the substance
doesn’t change, no matter which
part of the substance you take for
examination.
  It is much more difficult to break
down pure substances into their
parts
 Compound :- A compound is a Examples
chemical substance that forms
when two or more different
elements combine in a fixed ratio,
for example, water () is a
compound that is made up of two
hydrogen atoms for every one
oxygen atom. Sodium chloride
(NaCl) is a compound made up of
one sodium atom for every
chlorine atom. An important
characteristic of a compound is
that it has a chemical formula,
which describes the ratio in which
the atoms of each element in the
compound occur.
 Differences between pure substances and mixtures :-
Si.No. Pure substance Mixture
1 Pure substance consists of a single type of substance Mixture consists of two or more pure substances.

2 Pure substance cannot be separated into other Mixture can be separated into its components by
substances by physical methods. physical methods.

3 Pure substance has its own definite properties. Mixture shows the properties of its components

Mixture
A mixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically combined (not
chemically combined) the substance in a mixture retain their own properties, and they can be physically
separated
 Types of mixtures :-
Mixtures are of two types. They are
homogeneous mixture and
heterogeneous mixture.
Homogeneous mixture :- is a
mixture which has a uniform composition.
1. The particles of the mixture are not
visible by the naked eye.
2. The particles cannot be separated by
filtration.
3. The mixture is stable (the particles do
not settle down).
4. The path of a beam of light is not
visible in the mixture.
Eg :- mixture of sugar in water, mixture
of salt in water, mixture of
copper sulphate in water etc.
Heterogeneous mixture :-
is a mixture which has a non -
uniform composition.
1. The particles are visible by the
naked eye.
2. The particles can be separated
by filtration.
3. The mixture is unstable (the
particles settle down).
4. The path of a beam of light is
visible in the mixture.
Eg :- mixture of salt and sand,
mixture of sulphur and iron filings,
mixture of oil and water etc.