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Smart Grid (6EE5A)

Smart Grid RTU Syllabus (../subject.aspx?id=3&code=6EE5A&unitid=1&topicid=0)

Introduction to Smart Grid

Smart Grid Technologies

Smart Meters and AMI

Power Quality Management

High Performance Computing for Smart Grid Applications

Challenges for Smart Grids

A combination of e ective legislation and regulation will be needed to secure developments in a timely
way. The Smart Grids Technology Platform has identi ed following key challenges that impact on the
delivery of the mandated targets for utilization of renewable energy, increasing e ciency, minimising
costs, carbon emission and environmental impacts while maximising system reliability, resilience and
stability by 2020 and 2050.

1. Government Support: The industry may not have the nancial capacity to fund new technologies
without the aid of government programs to provide incentives for investment.

2. Lack of policy and regulation: No de ned standards and guidelines exist for the regulation of smart
grid initiatives in India.

3. Speed of technology development: The solar cell, the basement fuel cell, and the chimney wind
generator were predicted 50 years ago as an integral part of the home of the future. This modest
historical progress will need to accelerate.

4. Compatible equipment: Some older equipment must be replaced as it cannot be compatible with
smart grid technologies. This may present a problem for utilities and regulators since keeping
equipment beyond its depreciated life minimizes the capital cost to consumers. The early retirement
of equipment may become an issue.

5. Capacity to absorb advanced technology: Most DISCOMS have limited experience with even basic
information and communications technology (ICT) and, as a result, they have weak internal skills to
manage this critical component of smart grids.

6. Consumer education: If a company installs advanced metering and two-way communication along
with time-of-use rates, the question is “Will customers use it?” If there aren’t enough customers who
use the features, the bene ts of a smart grid will not be achieved. Thus, for a smart grid
implementation su cient marketing analysis and product design to optimize the likelihood that
customers will use the new technology, and an education, communication and public relations
program aimed at creating an understanding of smart grids.
7. Strengthening the grid: ensuring that there is su cient transmission capacity to interconnect energy
resources, especially renewable resources.

8. Developing decentralized architectures: enabling smaller scale electricity supply systems to operate
harmoniously with the total system.

9. Developing communications infrastructure: to allow potentially millions of parties to operate and

trade in the single market.

10.Active demand side: enabling all consumers, with or without their own generation, to play an active
role in the operation of the system.

11.Integrating intermittent generation: nding the best ways of integrating intermittent generation
including residential micro-generation.

12.Enhanced intelligence: of generation, demand and most notably in the grid.

13.Capturing the bene ts of DG and storage.

14.Preparing for electric vehicles: whereas Smart Grids must accommodate the needs of all consumers,
electric vehicles are particularly emphasized due to their mobile and highly dispersed character and
possible massive deployment in the next years, what would yield a major challenge for the future
electricity networks.

Smart Grid Implementation Challenges in India

The Power Industry calls for a complete switch into the next generation through automation. Despite
monetary issues, power utilities need to begin with basic automation systems eventually upgrading to
the advanced systems. By analyzing the growing power demand and market competence, this is the
only way-forward for the domestic power industry. The implementation of Smart Grid is not going to be
an easy task as the Indian power sector poses a number of issues such as minimizing T&D losses, power
theft, inadequate grid infrastructure, low metering e ciency and lack of awareness.

  Power theft: Power theft has been one of the major issues in India. A few ways to help prevent the
power theft are the use of overhead lines that are insulated and the LT overhead wires used for
distribution of power could be replaced with insulated cables in order to minimize the theft of
energy through hooking. The conventional energy meters could be replaced with digital tamper
proof meters and the use of prepaid card is yet another solution to eradicate theft of energy.

  Inadequate Grid Infrastructure: For India to continue along its path of aggressive economic growth, it
needs to build a modern, intelligent grid. It is only with a reliable, nancially secure Smart Grid that
India can provide a stable environment for investments in electric infrastructure - a prerequisite to
xing the fundamental problems with the grid.

  Low metering e ciency: The commercial losses are mainly due to low metering e ciency, theft &
pilferage. This may be eliminated by improving metering e ciency, proper energy accounting &
auditing and improved billing & collection e ciency. Fixing of accountability of the personnel /
feeder managers may help considerably in reduction of AT&C loss.

  Lack of awareness: The understanding of consumers on how power is delivered to their homes is
very minimal. Before implementing Smart Grid concepts, they should be educated about the Smart
Grids, the bene ts of Smart Grid and Smart Grid’s contribution to low carbon economy. Consumers
should be made aware about their energy consumption pattern at home, o ce etc. Utilities need to
focus on the overall capabilities of Smart Grids rather than mere implementation of smart meters.
Policy makers and regulators must be very clear about the future prospects of Smart Grids.
 

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