1. The reservoir and vector for the Arenaviruses is which of the following?

A. Rodents

B. Birds

C. Mosquitos

D. Sandflies

E. Bats

2. For the arthropod-borne viruses (e.g. togaviruses, flaviviruses), it is important that the reservoirs:

A. Suffer severe disease with infection

B. Be a bird species

C. Shed the virus from mucosal surfaces

D. Maintain a viremia

E. Have acquired immunity to the virus

3. The natural reservoir of the virus of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is believed to be:

a. bats

b. ticks

c. feral swine

d. birds

e. small mammals

4. Toroviruses generally cause which of the following disease syndromes?

a. Encephalitis

b. Gastroenteritis

c. Acute renal failure

d. Vasculitis

e. Pneumonia

5. Within the Coronavirus genus of Coronaviridae, segregation of viruses into groups I-III is primarily
based on:
a. antigenicity

b. genomic sequence

c. virion diameter

d. capsomer number

e. animal host

6. The geographic distribution of arthropod-borne (arbo-) viruses is determined in large part by

a. mode of transmission among reservoirs

b. distribution of vector species that are permissive for the virus

c. anatomic site of viral shedding in reservoirs

d. hardiness of the virus in the environment

e. antigenicity of the virus

7. Arteriviridae members differ from Coronaviridae members in which of the following properties?

a. Capsid symmetry

b. presence of envelope

c. linear v s circular genome

d. genomic sense (i.e. positive vs negative)

8. The enterotropic Coronaviruses target which of the following intestinal cell types?

a. crypt epithelia

b. epithelia of villus tips

c. m cells

d. intestinal vascular endothelia

e. intraepithelial lymphocytes

9. The enteric Coronaviruses generally cause the most severe disease in:

a. ruminants

b. very young animals

c. cloven-hoffed animals

d. poultry

e. pregnant animals

10. Which of the following viruses has the highest mortality in infected horses?

a. eastern equine encaphalitis virus

b. western equine encaphalitis virus

c. venequelan equine encaphalatis virus

d. west nile virus

e. equine herpesvirus-1

11. Which of the following viruses has as its pathogenesis immune-mediated tissue destruction?

a. bovine herpesevirus-1

b. poliovirus

c. vesicular exanthema virus

d. west nile virus

e. feline coronavirus

12. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (EEV) differs from Eastern and Western EEV in that VEEV:

a. Can be amplified by horses during epidemic outbreaks

b. is not arthropod-borne

c. is transmitted by ticks as well as mosquitoes

d. is endemic in North and South America

e. cannot infect humans

13. Which of the following viruses causes anorexia, weight loss or poor weight gain, gastrointestinal
symptoms, and death in pigs by infection of the central nervous system?

a. coxsackie virus

b. hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus

c. transmissible gastroenteritis virus

d. swine vesicular disease

e. vesicular exanthema of swine

14. West Nile Virus is the most significant in terms of disease production (# of infected animals that
actually get sick) for which of the following species?

a. Humans

b. Horses

c. Dogs

d. Cattle

e. Rodents

15. Which of the following has the largest RNA genome of animal viruses?

a. Picornaviridae

b. Caliciviridae

c. Coronaviridae

d. Togaviridae

e. Flaviviridae

16. With feline infectious peritonitis, the etiologic agent mutates, altering its cellular tropism from __ to
__.

a. intestinal epithelia; respiratory epithelia

b. epithelia; lymphocytes

c. mucosal epithelia; white blood cells

d. intestinal epithelia; monocytes/macrophages

e. respiratory epithelia; dendritic cells

17. Which of the following strategies is used during mRNA translation of some Flaviviridae members?

a. cellular mRNA cap-snatching

b. cleavage of cellular cap-binding complex

c. use of internal ribosomal entry site during translation

d. degredation of cellular mRNA

e. translation of the first open reading frame of the genome

18. Arteriviruses target, in addition to vascular endothelia, which of the following cell types?

a. macrophages

b. mast cells

c. intestinal M cells

d. lymphocytes

e. granulocytes

19. Yellow fever and Dengue are both associated with:

a. encephalitis

b. polyarthritis

c. pneumonia

d. hemorrhagic fever

e. rash

20. Transcription for Togaviridae members involves which of the following strategies:

a. Production of genomic-length mRNA only

b. Production of genomic and subgenomic mRNA

c. Production of nested transcripts

d. Use of cellular mRNA caps

e. Use of cellular mRNA polymerase

21. The major consequence of post-natal infection with the Pestivirus Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus is
which of the following?

a. mucosal disease

b. encephalitis

c. skin lesions

d. immunosuppression
e. lameness

22. Mucosal disease in cattle due to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) occurs only in:

a. calves

b. cattle that are persistently infected with BVDV

c immunologically naive animals

d. BVDV-vaccinated animals

e. pregnant cattle

23. Persistent infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are due to:

a. immunosuppression of the calf caused by the virus

b. immunotolerance to the virus in calves infected in utero

c. tremendous antigenic variability of the virus

d. ability of the virus to mutate and escape the immune response

e. ability of the virus to achieve latency in neural tissue

24. The first stem in all virus infections is which of the following?

a. uncoating

b. fusion

c. migration to nucleus

d. attachment to cell receptor

e. transcription

25. The first step in virus replication after uncoating of the positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses is
which of the following?

a. transcription

b. translation

c. genome replication

d. splicing

e. assembly
26. Which of the following transmissible spongioform encephalopathies occurs naturally in wildlife?

a. chronic wasting disease

b. bovine spongioform encephalopathy

c. kuru

d. scrapie

e. transmissible mink encephalopathy

27. In the replication cycle of viruses that have distinct phases of transcription, the phases are separated
by which of the following?

a. translation

b. uncoating

c. splicing

d. genomic replication

e. assembly

28. The transmissible spnogioform encephalopathy that appears to cross special lines relatively easily is
which of the following?

a. chronic wasting disease

b. bovine spongioform encekphalopathy

c. kuru

d. scrapie

e. transmissible mink encephalopathy

29. Which of the following is a requirement for a reservoir of an arthropod borne virus?

a. infection with the virus leads to mortality in the reservoir

b. infection with the virus leads to a brief low-titer viremia in the reservoir

c. reproduction of the reservoir is rapid

d. the reservoir population is sparse

e. the reservoir must be warm blooded

30. Immediately after uncoating, translation of the coronavirus genome produces which of the following
proteins?

a. capsomer

b. peplomer

c. polymerase

d. hemagglutinin

e. matrix

31. Nested transcription is done by all of the following viruses except:

a. equine viral arteritis virus

b. vesicular exanthema virus

c. mouse hepatitis virus

d. avian infectious bronchitis virus

e. breda virus

32. Which of the following has as its pathogenesis immune-mediated destruction of cells?

a. transmissible gastroenteritis

b. feline infectious peritonitis

c. avian infectious bronchitis

d. porcine hamgglutinating encephalomyelitis

e. mouse hepatitis

33. Which of the following causes the most severe disease in adult animals?

a. winter dysentery

b. transmissible gastroenteritis

c. bluecomb disease

d. porcine epidemic diarrhea

e. canine enteric coronavirus

34. Which of the following viruses of veterinary importance may have high mortality in humans?
a. rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus

b. eastern equine encephalitis virus

c. canine respiratory coronavirus

d. san Miguel sea lion virus

e. porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus

35. Transmission of African Swine Fever Virus may occur via all of the following modes except:

a. mosquitoes

b. ticks

c. aerosol

d. direct contact

e. virus-contaminated objects

36. Rubella has the most serious consequences in:

a. children

b. pregnant women

c. elderly

d. summer months

e. years with heavy rainfall

37. Mouse hepatitis virus infects and causes lesions in liver and ___.

a. intestines

b. lungs

c. spleen

d. kidneys

e. central nervous system

38. The epidemic types of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus:

a. Occur yearly in temperate zones

b. arise by importation of foreign strains

c. occur during periods of drought

d. are due to mutation of endemic strain

e. have low mortality

39. The toroviruses cause disease primarily of which of the following systems

a. enteric tract

b. respiratory tract

c. hepatic tissue

d. cardiovascular

e. genitourinary

40. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of equine viral arteritis?

a. abortion in pregnant mares

b. persistent infection of stallions

c. respiratory disease

d. edema and hemorrhage

e. small bowel diarrhea

41. A major target tissue of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus is which of the following?

a. liver

b. spleen

c. endocrine tissue

d. central nervous system

e. lymphatics

42. Which of the following agents may be spread horixontally between infected horses without an insect
vector?

a. West Nile Virus

b. Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus

c. Western Equine Encephalitis Virus

d. Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus

e. Japanese Encephalitis Virus

43. The enteric coronaviruses cause diseae by targeting which of the following?

a. intestinal villus tips

b. intestinal crypts

c. M cells

d. intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes

e. Peyer’s patches

44. The viruses of equine arteritis and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome infect which of
the following cell types?

a. lymphocytes

b. enterocytes

c. macrophages

d. neutrophils

e. neurons

45. Immunopathology (immune-mediated disease) may be involved with a severe form of which of the
following flavivirus infections?

a. dengue fever

b. yellow fever

c. St. Louis encephalitis

d. West Nile

e. Hepatitis C

46. Which of the following coronaviruses migrates to the target tissue via neurons?

a. Winter dysentery virus of cattle

b. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

c. Vomiting and wasting disease virus of swine

d. Feline infectious peritonitis virus

e. Infectious bronchitis virus of poultry

47. The genome of this family encodes non-structural proteins in the 5’ half, produces subgenomic
mRNA, and one member causes rubella, or German measles.

Togaviridae

48. Members of one genus within this family are associated with “hairy shaker”

Flaviviridae

49. This family contains the Berne and Breda viruses which are kidney shaped viruses and cuase
gastrointestinal disease in horse and cattle respectively.

Coronaviridae

50. The genome of this family encodes structural proteins are the 5’ end of the genome, and contains
the agents of Wesselsbron, Louping ill, and Tickborne encephalitis.

Flaviviridae