NAME : FAJAR EKA PUTRA

NO : 08
CLASS : EK-3A
INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATION 1
THE CAPASITORS

Hai guys, Good Morning. I’m standing here to tell you about my topic, that are the capasitors.
I will describe the five sub topics of capasitors, that are the meaning of capasitors, the
materials of capasitors, many types and symbol of capasitors, the function and characteristic
of capasitors, and the last is application of capasitors in the electronics circuit.
1. The Meaning of capasitors.
The capasitor is an electronic component which can save an electric energy. The
capasitors have an ability to save an electric energy. Ability of capasitors to save an
electric energy was declared in Farad (F). One Farad (1 Farad) equals is 9 x 1011 𝑐𝑚2 , it
means that wide of surface conductors. In the capasitors there is an electric load which
declared in Coulomb Unit. The capasitor is one of passive component in electronics. It
finds by Michael Faraday in the 1791-1867. Giving name of capasitor is Alessandro
Volta, the scientist from Italy in the 1782. He gives it a name is “Condensatore”. In the
electrical charge storage capacity of capacitor called Farad with the symbol "F". The
symbol of the capacitor itself is C (capacitors) with units :
1 µFarad = 10−6 Farad
1 nFarad = 10−9 Farad
1 pFarad = 10−12 Farad
2. The materials of capasitors.
In general, capasitor is made by two conductors element and in the middle of two
conductors there is dielectric material. Dielectric is a material that can affect the value of
the capacitance of the capacitor. Dielectric material used is ceramic, paper, air, metal
films, glass, vacuum and there are more other materials.

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NAME : FAJAR EKA PUTRA
NO : 08
CLASS : EK-3A
3. Types and Symbols of Capasitors.
Capasitors have many types and every types have a different materials. But we can
divide by 2 groups based on the value of capasitor, that are the fixed value of capasitor
and variable capasitor. And based on the polarity of capasitors, we can divide by 2
groups, that are the polarized capasitor and non polarized capasitor
a. First, we can call it the fixed value of capasitor and the second is variable
condensator. The fixed value of capasitor is a capasitor which has the value is fixed
from the manufacturer, other people can not change the value capasitance of
capasitors. For the example are ceramic of capasitor, paper of capasitor, polyester
capasitor, electrolyte of capasitor, mica of capasitor, and tantalum of capasitor. And
variable condensator is a capasitor which has the non fixed value capasitance, so
other people can change the value based on their need.

b. When we classification the capasitor based on the polarity, we can call it the
polarized capasitors, such as electrolyte capasitor and tantalum capasitor. We must
pay attention with junction of capasitor, do not inversed when connect the circuit.
And non polarized capasitor is a capasitor which does not has a polarity on junction,
so we don’t worry when connect it with the electronic circuit.

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NAME : FAJAR EKA PUTRA
NO : 08
CLASS : EK-3A
4. The function and characteristic of capasitors
a. The Function of capasitors. The capacitor is a component which has the ability or
capacity to store energy in the form of an electrical charge producing a potential
difference (Static Voltage) across its plates, much like a small rechargeable battery.
Its function is to store the electrical energy and give this energy again to the circuit
when necessary. In other words, it charges and discharges the electric charge stored
in it. Besides this, the functions of a capacitor are as follows: It blocks the flow of
DC and permits the flow of AC.

b. Characteristic of capasitors. The capacitor, as with any other electronic component,

comes defined by a series of characteristics. These Capacitor Characteristics can
always be found in the data sheets that the capacitor manufacturer provides to us so
here are just a few of the more important ones.
b.1. Nominal Capacitance, ( C )
The nominal value of the Capacitance, C of a capacitor is the most important of all
capacitor characteristics. This value measured in pico-Farads (pF), nano-Farads (nF)
or micro-Farads (µF) and is marked onto the body of the capacitor as numbers, letters
or coloured bands.
b.2. Working Voltage, ( WV )
The Working Voltage is another important capacitor characteristic that defines the
maximum continuous voltage either DC or AC that can be applied to the capacitor
without failure during its working life. Generally, the working voltage printed onto
the side of a capacitors body refers to its DC working voltage, (WVDC).
b.3. Tolerance, ( ±% )

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NAME : FAJAR EKA PUTRA
NO : 08
CLASS : EK-3A
As with resistors, capacitors also have a Tolerance rating expressed as a plus-or-
minus value either in picofarad’s (±pF) for low value capacitors generally less than
100pF or as a percentage (±%) for higher value capacitors generally higher than
100pF. The tolerance value is the extent to which the actual capacitance is allowed to
vary from its nominal value and can range anywhere from -20% to +80%. Thus a
100µF capacitor with a ±20% tolerance could legitimately vary from 80µF to 120µF
and still remain within tolerance.

5. Application of capasitor in the electronic circuit.

The capasitors have many application in the electronic circuit, such as power
supply circuit. It is source of Direct Current for other the electronic circuit. We can
design and build the power supply circuit with the electrolyte capasitor. Of course, we
must know the formula to choose the value of capasitor rightly.
When the voltage source (input) is turned on, the output of diode will conduction.
Filter In the Wave Rectifier have function to obtain a flat unidirectional output voltage of
the rectifier circuit. The purpose of rectification is to obtain a direct current. In the
rectifier, we did not get pure DC Current but also AC current. This voltage variation is
called ripple voltage.
To reduce voltage ripple we can use filter. There are so many filter such as
inductor and capacitors but for the efeciency we use capacitors filter. Because capacitors
have a characteristic for blocking AC and allowed DC. By adding a capacitor and
Resistor in parallel circuit at half-wave rectifier circuit,so we can reduce the ripple
voltage better. The time of the charge and discharge of capacitors is up to the Value of R
and C combination with the formula T = R x C , R in ohm, C in Farad, T in second.
As we know, the capacitor can store energy. At the time of the source voltage
rises, the capacitor will be charged until it reaches the maximum voltage. At the time of
the source voltage decreases, the capacitor will release energy that store by itself through

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NAME : FAJAR EKA PUTRA
NO : 08
CLASS : EK-3A
the load (since at this time the diode is not conduction). Therefore the load will still get
the energy flow though the diode is not conducting. Furthermore, if the diode conduction
again, the capacitor will be charged and stored energy will be released again when the
diode is not conducting and so on. Filters of this kind can of course also be used on a full
wave rectifier.