Gold Advanced Wordlist

Gold Advanced Wordlist
Part of Definition
Example sentence
Unit Page Act. Word or phrase Speech Pron
a good or useful feature that something One of the many advantages of living in New
has York is that you can eat out at almost any time
1 6 1 advantages noun ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ of day.
something that causes problems, or that
The disadvantage of the material is that it fades
makes someone or something less
in strong sunlight.
1 6 1 disadvantages noun ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ likely to be successful or effective
1 6 1 abroad adverb əˈbrɔːd in or to a foreign country She often goes abroad on business.
a part of something that you notice
An important feature of Van Gogh’s paintings is
because it seems important, interesting,
their bright colours.
1 7 7 feature noun ˈfiːtʃə or typical
an idea, belief, or opinion The traditional notion of marriage goes back
1 7 7 notion noun ˈnəʊʃən thousands of years.
the opinion that most people consider to
As traffic grew, the conventional wisdom was to
conventional be normal and right, but that is
widen the roads.
1 7 7 wisdom adj kənˈvenʃənəl sometimes shown to be wrong
1 7 7 desire noun dɪˈzaɪə a strong hope or wish She expressed a desire to visit us.
extremely happy, lucky etc in a way that
usually only happens in children’s The kiss was a fairytale ending to the evening.
1 7 7 fairytale adj ˈfeəriteɪl stories
a clear statement of what is needed or We need a clear specification of what role each
1 7 7 specification noun ˌspesəfəˈkeɪʃən wanted member will play.
to show or tell people about a new The club has unveiled plans to build a new
1 7 7 unveiled verb ʌnˈveɪl product or plan for the first time stadium.
to move smoothly over a surface while
He opened the oven door and slid the pan of
continuing to touch it, or to make
cookies in.
1 7 7 slide verb slaɪd something move in this way
a large object filled with air, often
They organised to have a bouncy castle for the
shaped like a castle, that children jump
children's party.
1 7 7 bouncy castle noun ˌbaʊnsi ˈkɑːsəl on for fun
a choice you can make in a particular
There are a number of options available.
1 7 7 options noun ˈɒpʃən situation
to show something that is usually
Potatoes turn green when exposed to light.
1 7 8 exposed verb ɪkˈspəʊz covered or hidden
to make known something that was He revealed that he had been in prison twice
1 7 8 revealed verb rɪˈviːl previously secret or unknown before.
to describe something in a general way,
The new president outlined plans to deal with
giving the main points but not the
crime, drugs, and education.
1 7 8 outlined verb ˈaʊtlaɪn details
PHOTOCOPIABLE © 2014 Pearson Education Ltd. 1

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to find out about something that has Customs officials uncovered a plot to smuggle
1 7 8 uncovered verb ʌnˈkʌvə been kept secret weapons into the country.
a subject or problem that is often
discussed or argued about, especially a We should raise the issue of discrimination with
social or political matter that affects the the council.
1 7 8 issues noun ˈɪʃuː interests of a lot of people
something that tests strength, skill, or
Martins now faces the biggest challenge of his
ability, especially in a way that is
career.
1 7 8 challenges noun ˈtʃæləndʒ interesting
to state that something is true, even The group claimed responsibility for the
1 7 8 claimed verb kleɪm though it has not been proved bombings.
to tell or show what you are feeling or
Parents have expressed their concerns about
thinking by using words, looks, or
their children’s safety.
1 7 8 expressed verb ɪkˈspres actions
to make a sound with your voice,
The wounded prisoner uttered a groan.
1 7 8 uttered verb ˈʌtə especially with difficulty
a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas The leaves were covered with a strange sticky
1 7 8 substance noun ˈsʌbstəns substance.
one of several parts that together make Exercise is one of the key components of a
1 7 8 component noun kəmˈpəʊnənt up a whole machine, system etc healthy lifestyle.
a solid substance such as wood, plastic,
Animals depend on plant material for food.
1 7 8 material noun məˈtɪəriəl or metal
one part or feature of a whole system,
plan, piece of work etc, especially one Honesty is a vital element of her success.
1 7 8 element noun ˈeləmənt that is basic or important
1 7 8 supreme adj sʊˈpriːm the greatest possible It required a supreme effort to stay awake.
better, bigger, worse etc than all other The Rolling Stones are the ultimate rock and roll
1 7 8 ultimate adj ˈʌltəmət things or people of the same kind band.
relating to the most basic and important We have to tackle the fundamental cause of the
1 7 8 fundamental adj ˌfʌndəˈmentl parts of something problem.
a large area that is different from other San Francisco and Tokyo are both located in
1 7 8 zone noun zəʊn areas around it in some way earthquake zones.
1 7 8 area noun ˈeəriə a particular part of a country, town etc Crime rates are much higher in urban areas.
the buildings and land that a shop, Schools may earn extra money by renting out
1 7 8 premises noun ˈpreməsəs restaurant, company etc uses their premises.
the land or gardens surrounding a large
We decided to take a stroll in the hotel grounds.
1 7 8 grounds noun ɡraʊnd building

Part of Definition
Example sentence
far from towns or other places where
They live in a remote mountain area.
1 8 2 remote adj rɪˈməʊt people live
1 8 3 hustle and bustle noun ˈhʌsəl busy and noisy activity I love the hustle and bustle of the market place.
if you retrace your steps, you go back We shall be retracing the route taken by Marco
1 8 3 retraced verb rɪˈtreɪs, exactly the way you came Polo.
when you are alone, especially when
Carl spent the morning in solitude.
1 8 3 solitude noun ˈsɒlətjuːd this is what you enjoy
to repair a building or old furniture so
The hotel has been renovated and redecorated.
1 8 4 renovating verb ˈrenəveɪt that it is in good condition again
a strong human feeling such as love,
Her voice was full of emotion.
1 8 5 emotions noun ɪˈməʊʃən hate, or anger
to say that something is not true, or that
I can’t deny her remarks hurt me.
1 8 5 deny verb dɪˈnaɪ you do not believe something
1 8 5 possess verb pəˈzes to have a particular quality or ability Different workers possess different skills.
to tell someone that you will definitely
Last night the headmaster promised a full
do or provide something or that
investigation.
1 8 5 promise verb ˈprɒməs something will happen
an irritating habit, situation etc keeps
He was smiling in a way I found very irritating.
1 9 1 irritating adj ˈɪrəteɪtɪŋ annoying you
if a machine whines, it makes a
The whining of the aircraft engine hurt her ears.
1 9 2 whine verb waɪn continuous high sound
1 9 2 wail verb weɪl to make a long high sound The wind wailed in the chimney.
a piece of equipment that makes very
loud warning sounds, used on police I heard police sirens in the distance.
1 9 2 sirens noun ˈsaɪərən cars, fire engines etc
to move slowly along while making a We watched the tanks rumbling past the
1 9 2 rumble verb ˈrʌmbəl series of long low sounds window.
your stomach or the deep part of
Magna erupts from the belly of the earth.
1 9 2 belly noun ˈbeli something
atmosphere created by sound The vibrant soundscape of the town
1 9 2 soundscape noun ˈsaʊndskeɪp encouraged people to relax.
the way you think about something and The public perception of the government’s
1 9 2 perception noun pəˈsepʃən your idea of what it is like performance is pretty miserable.
full of activity or energy in a way that is
Hong Kong is a vibrant, fascinating city.
1 9 2 vibrant adj ˈvaɪbrənt exciting and attractive
a continuous noise like the sound of a The constant buzz of the motorway traffic really
1 9 2 buzz noun bʌz bee annoyed him.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
something that consists of or comes
Now some companies reckon wheat hybrids are
from a mixture of two or more other
really on the horizon.
1 9 2 hybrid noun ˈhaɪbrəd things
phrasal to surprise someone by walking up Don’t yell – let’s creep up on them and scare
1 9 2 creep up on verb kri:p ʌp ɒn behind them silently them.
not knowing that something bad is Fake designer clothes are being sold to an
1 9 2 unsuspecting adj ˌʌnsəˈspektɪŋ happening or going to happen unsuspecting public.
someone who is walking, especially
It's important for pedestrians to keep to the
along a street or other place used by
pavements.
1 9 2 pedestrians noun pəˈdestriən cars
a person or animal that lives in a
City dwellers suffer higher pollution levels.
1 9 2 dwellers noun ˈdwelə particular place
relating to sound and the way people He's an acoustic engineer working in the
1 9 2 acoustic adj əˈkuːstɪk hear things theatre.
a group of vehicles that are controlled
He owns a fleet of taxis.
1 9 2 fleet noun fliːt by one company
if a bird or insect chirps, it makes short The machines chirped noisily like a flock of
1 9 2 chirping verb tʃɜːp high sounds excited birds.
a small brown bird, very common in
The old lady feeds the sparrows in her garden.
1 9 2 sparrow noun ˈspærəʊ many parts of the world
to breathe in and out making a long
‘Well, there’s nothing we can do about it now,’
sound, especially because you are
she sighed.
1 9 2 sighing verb saɪ bored, disappointed, tired etc
a gentle wind The early spring flowers were waving in the
1 9 2 breeze noun briːz breeze.
to laugh quickly, quietly, and in a high
voice, because something is funny or If you can’t stop giggling you’ll have to leave the
because you are nervous or room.
1 9 2 giggling verb ˈɡɪɡəl embarrassed
a very young child who is just learning When he was a toddler he was always climbing
1 9 2 toddlers noun ˈtɒdlə to walk over the furniture.
the low part at the edge of a road where
The gutters were blocked and overflowing.
1 9 3 gutter noun ˈɡʌtə water collects and flows away
a feeling of extreme unhappiness Luke’s behaviour caused his parents great
1 9 3 distress noun dɪˈstres distress.
when a dog barks, it makes a short loud
The dog always barks at strangers.
1 9 4 1 bark verb bɑːk sound or series of sounds

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to hit your hands against each other
many times to make a sound that The audience clapped politely but without much
shows your approval, agreement, or enthusiasm.
1 9 4 clap verb klæp enjoyment
to suddenly push air out of your throat
Matthew coughed and cleared his throat.
1 9 4 1 cough verb kɒf with a short sound, often repeatedly
to make a long deep sound because
you are in pain, upset, or disappointed, Charlie was holding his arm and groaning.
1 9 4 1 groan verb ɡrəʊn or because something is very enjoyable
if a cat purrs, it makes a soft low sound
The cat sat on his lap and purred loudly.
1 9 4 purr verb pɜː in its throat to show that it is pleased
a deep, loud noise made by an animal
He let out a roar of laughter.
1 9 4 1 roar noun rɔː such as a lion, or by someone’s voice
to shake for a short time because you
I shudder with embarrassment whenever I think
are afraid or cold, or because you think
about it.
1 9 4 shudder verb ˈʃʌdə something is very unpleasant
to speak with difficulty because you
cannot stop yourself from repeating the I’m D-d-david,’ he stuttered.
1 9 4 1 stutter verb ˈstʌtə first consonant of some words
if your voice trembles, it sounds You could hear his voice trembling as he started
1 9 4 1 tremble verb ˈtrembəl nervous and unsteady to speak.
1 9 4 sigh noun saɪ an act or sound of sighing He let out a sigh of impatience.
a performance of music or poetry,
She often goes to piano recitals.
1 9 5 recital noun rɪˈsaɪtl usually given by one performer
1 9 5 allergic adj əˈlɜːdʒɪk having an allergy I’m allergic to penicillin.
a fine powder produced by flowers,
which is carried by the wind or by Bees transfer the pollen from one flower to
insects to other flowers of the same another as it rubs off their legs.
1 9 5 pollen noun ˈpɒlən type, making them produce seeds
a sudden loud noise Suddenly an ear-splitting clap of thunder
1 9 6 clap noun klæp deafened us.
a continuous loud noise, especially You could hear the roar of the motorbike engine
1 9 6 2 roar noun rɔː made by a machine or a strong wind from miles away.
to say something quickly in a loud voice ‘Don’t just stand there, give me a hand,’ she
1 9 6 2 bark verb bɑːk barked at the shop assistant.
to make a sudden sound like someone The engine coughed and spluttered, then
1 9 6 2 cough verb kɒf coughing stopped altogether.
1 9 6 2 groan verb ɡrəʊn to make a low deep sound The kids all groaned when I switched off the TV.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
if a machine stutters, it keeps making The refrigerator stuttered and hummed the
1 9 6 2 stutter verb ˈstʌtə little noises and does not work smoothly whole time, much to his irritation.
phrasal if an engine or machine cuts out, it
The engine cut out halfway across the lake.
1 9 6 cutting out verb ˈkʌt aʊt suddenly stops working
1 9 6 2 tremble verb ˈtrembəl to shake slightly The whole house trembled as the train went by.
if you are baffled, you cannot We were all utterly baffled by his reaction.
1 11 2 baffled adj ˈbæfəld understand or explain something
having a special quality, character, or
distinctive appearance that is different and easy to The band has a distinctive sound.
1 11 2 adj dɪˈstɪŋktɪv recognize
something that is an impressive
It is no mean feat to perform such a difficult
achievement, because it needs a lot of
piece.
1 11 2 feat noun fiːt skill, strength etc to do
a special advantage that is given only to He had no special privileges and was treated
1 11 2 privilege noun ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ one person or group of people: just like every other prisoner.
a terrible or painful experience that She then had to go through the ordeal of giving
1 11 2 ordeal noun ɔːˈdiːl continues for a period of time evidence.
to learn words, music etc so that you He’s trying to memorize his speech.
1 11 2 memorise verb ˈmeməraɪz know them perfectly
to suggest that something is true, Cleo blushed. She had not meant to imply that
implies
1 11 2 verb ɪmˈplaɪ without saying this directly he was lying.
one of the tubes that carries blood from His arteries were blocked with cholesterol.
1 11 2 arteries noun ˈɑːtəri your heart to the rest of your body
one of the tubes which carries blood to She felt the blood racing through her veins as
1 11 2 vein noun veɪn your heart from other parts of your body they kissed.
the smallest type of blood vessel Capillaries are the tiny blood vessels that
connect the arteries and the veins throughout
1 11 2 capillaries noun kəˈpɪləri the body.
something that is easy to recognize, One of Belfast’s most famous landmarks, the
such as a tall tree or building, and that Grosvenor Hall, has been demolished.
1 11 2 landmark noun ˈlændmɑːk helps you know where you are
someone who is likely to do a particular There are three prospective candidates for the
1 11 2 prospective adj prəˈspektɪv thing or achieve a particular position job.
to tell someone a series or list of things Len recited the breakfast menu – cereal, bacon
1 11 2 recite verb rɪˈsaɪt and eggs, and toast.
to tell a story by describing all the The main character narrates the story.
1 11 2 narrate verb nəˈreɪt events in order, for example in a book

Part of Definition
Example sentence
if you undergo a change, an unpleasant The country has undergone massive changes
experience etc, it happens to you or is recently.
1 11 2 undergo noun ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ done to you
ordinary people, as compared with She dines in the executive suite, while we
people who are more important, more lesser mortals use the staff cafeteria.
powerful, or more skilled – used
1 11 2 mortal noun ˈmɔːtl humorously
the scientific study of the structure of Knowledge of human anatomy is essential to
1 11 2 anatomy noun əˈnætəmi human or animal bodies figure drawing.
the science that studies the way in He's just written a book on biochemistry and
1 11 2 physiology noun ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi which the bodies of living things work physiology.
to clearly show a particular quality, This patient is exhibiting classic symptoms of
1 11 2 exhibit verb ɪɡˈzɪbət, emotion, or ability depression.
someone or something that has won a She's a top international athlete and an Olympic
1 11 2 champion noun ˈtʃæmpiən competition, especially in sport champion.
relating to the position, size, shape etc Many drivers seem to lack the spatial
1 11 2 spatial adj ˈspeɪʃəl of things awareness required.
a group of things of the same kind that They arrived at a cluster of farm buildings.
1 11 2 cluster noun ˈklʌstə are very close together
the science or job of planning which His navigation skills were invaluable during the
way you need to go when you are road race.
1 11 2 navigation noun ˌnævəˈɡeɪʃən travelling from one place to another
thorough, complete, and considering all The doctors carried out an in-depth study of
1 11 2 in-depth adj ˈin-depθ the details patients’ needs.
an attempt to achieve or obtain He changed his name in a bid to avoid the
1 11 2 bid noun bɪd something press.
if you replicate someone’s work, a There is a need for further research to replicate
scientific study etc, you do it again, or these findings.
1 11 2 replicate verb ˈrepləkeɪt try to get the same result again
existing only in a particular place or in The issues being discussed here are not unique
1 11 2 unique adj juːˈniːk relation to a particular person or people to the US.
if a quality sets someone or something
set something phrasal apart, it makes them different from or Man’s ability to reason sets him apart from other
1 11 2 apart verb ˈset ˌəpaːt better than other people or things animals.
1 11 2 somewhat adverb ˈsʌmwɒt more than a little but not very The price is somewhat higher than I expected.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
if you are in awe of somebody, you All of the neighbours were a little in awe of my
admire them and have great respect for mother.
them and sometimes a slight fear of
1 11 2 in awe of noun ɔː them
if you fare well or badly you are Although Chicago has fared better than some
1 11 2 fare verb feə successful, unsuccessful etc cities, unemployment remains a problem.
something that you think is very wrong There’s so much lovely food here, it would be a
1 11 2 sins noun sɪn sin to waste it.
if you ply your trade, you work at your In some areas, drug dealers openly ply their
business, especially buying and selling trade on street corners.
1 11 2 ply their trade verb plaɪ things on the street
to exist in very large numbers Rumours abound as to the reasons for his
1 11 2 abound verb əˈbaʊnd resignation.
extremely hurried and using a lot of I spent three frantic days trying to get everything
1 11 2 frantic adj ˈfræntɪk energy, but not very organized ready.
a large network of paths or passages We descended into a labyrinth of underground
which cross each other, making it very tunnels.
1 11 2 labyrinth noun ˈlæbərɪnθ difficult to find your way
to call to someone in order to greet The hotel doorman will hail a cab for you.
1 11 2 hail verb heɪl them or try to attract their attention
to show a lot of a particular quality or Andrew laughed gently, oozing charm.
1 11 2 ooze verb uːz feeling
a book or list of names, facts etc, I couldn’t find your number in the telephone
1 10 3 directory noun daɪˈrektəri usually arranged in alphabetical order directory.
spending a lot of time studying and John's brother is a very studious young man -
studious
1 10 3 adj ˈstjuːdiəs reading quite different from John!
unusual and attractive, especially in an She has a house in a quaint little village in
1 10 3 quaint adj kweɪnt old-fashioned way Yorkshire.
a taxi driver There were several cabbies standing around at
1 10 3 cabbies noun ˈkæbi the station.
very shocked and upset by something He was appalled at how dirty the place was.
1 10 3 appalled adj əˈpɔːld very bad or unpleasant
remarks that say what you think is bad My main criticism of the scheme is that it does
1 10 3 criticisms noun ˈkrɪtəsɪzəm about someone or something nothing to help families on low incomes.
a good and acceptable reason for doing
1 10 3 justification noun ˌdʒʌstəfəˈkeɪʃən something There is no justification for holding her in jail.
the lack of something or the fact that it In the absence of any evidence, the police had
1 12 2 absence noun ˈæbsəns does not exist to let Myers go.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
1 12 2 uninspiring adj ˌʌnɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ not at all interesting or exciting No one deserved to win this uninspiring game.
a strong fear of being in a small
enclosed space or in a situation that
1 12 2 claustrophobia noun ˌklɔːstrəˈfəʊbiə limits what you can do She suffers from claustrophobia.
a small job that you have to do
regularly, especially work that you do to
1 12 2 chores noun tʃɔː keep a house clean We share the domestic chores.
if you get rid of something, you throw it
away or destroy it because you do not
1 12 5 get rid of adj rɪd want it any more It’s time we got rid of all these old toys.
if something is world-renowned, it is
known and admired around the world by
a lot of people, especially for a special
1 13 2 world-renowned adj rɪˈnaʊnd skill, achievement, or quality He's a world-renowned expert in the field.
a place that many people want to visit
1 13 2 mecca noun ˈmekə for a particular reason Florence is a mecca for students of Art History.
if a place, object, or organization boasts
something, it has something that is very
1 13 2 boast verb bəʊst good The city boasts two excellent museums.
very famous or popular, thought to be
representative of particular ideas or a
1 13 2 iconic adj aɪˈkɒnɪk particular time The Eiffel Tower is an iconic landmark in Paris.
if something or someone is endowed
with something, they naturally have a
1 13 2 endowed verb ɪnˈdaʊ good feature or quality She was endowed with good looks.
something or someone that is useful
because they help you succeed or deal A sense of humor is a great asset in this
1 13 2 assets noun ˈæset with problems business.
a small design that is the official sign of
1 13 2 logo noun ˈləʊɡəʊ a company or organization We are thinking of changing the company logo.
a short phrase that is easy to remember
and is used in advertisements, or by The demonstrators were shouting political
1 13 2 slogan noun ˈsləʊɡən politicians, organizations etc slogans.
a law made by a local government that
1 13 2 by-law noun ˈbaɪlɔː people in that area must obey Fishing on the river is forbidden under a by-law.
1 13 4 artistry noun ˈɑːtəstri skill in a particular artistic activity The band's solos are displays of true artistry.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
special skills or knowledge in a
particular subject, that you learn by What he’s bringing to the company is financial
1 13 4 expertise noun ˌekspɜːˈtiːz experience or training expertise.
a dress code is set of rules about what There were plans to introduce a dress code for
1 13 4 dress code noun kəʊd to wear civil servants.
to hold a group discussion in order to They brainstormed some ideas and came up
1 14 2 brainstorm verb ˈbreɪnstɔːm get ideas with a preliminary plan to save the company.
a radio programme that can be She downloaded all the podcasts from her
1 14 2 podcast noun ˈpɒdkɑːst downloaded from the Internet favourite programme.
an area where people live which is Don’t you get bored living out here in the
1 14 3 suburbs noun ˈsʌbɜːb away from the centre of a town or city suburbs?
urban renewal is when the poor areas
of towns are improved by making new Many cities have plans in place for urban
1 14 3 urban renewal adj rɪˈnjuːəl jobs, industries, homes etc renewal schemes.
the basic systems and structures that a
country or organization needs in order
to work properly, for example roads, Some countries lack a suitable economic
1 14 3 infrastructure noun ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃə railways, banks etc infrastructure.
to make someone less confident or less
discourage
1 14 5 verb dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒ willing to do something You should not let one failure discourage you.
a simple, quickly made drawing that Cantor drew a rough sketch of his apartment on
1 15 3 sketch noun sketʃ does not show much detail a napkin.
positive and making you feel that good For all the trouble she's been, she's remarkably
1 15 3 upbeat adj ˈʌpbiːt things will happen upbeat.
rude, humorous, or political writing and
pictures on the walls of buildings, trains
1 15 3 graffiti noun ɡræˈfiːti etc The walls are daubed with graffiti.
the effect or influence that an event,
situation etc has on someone or We need to assess the impact on climate
1 15 3 impact noun ˈɪmpækt something change.
The leaves are green on top and silvery on the
1 15 3 underside noun ˈʌndəsaɪ the bottom side or surface of something underside.
He was a bit anxious about the safety of the
anxious
2 16 2 adj ˈæŋkʃəs worried about something machinery.
a face-to-face meeting, conversation etc
is one where you are with another It's important to have regular face-to-face
2 16 2 face-to-face adj ˌfeɪs tə ˈfeɪs person and talking to them interviews with staff.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
liking something so much that you do Millions of young children are addicted to
2 audio 2 addicted adj əˈdɪktəd not want to stop doing it or having it computer games.
2 audio 2 dumped verb dʌmp to end a relationship with someone Vicky dumped Neil yesterday.
not noticing, or not taking the care to
notice, other people’s feelings, and not
realizing when they are upset or when One insensitive official insisted on seeing her
2 audio 2 insensitive adj ɪnˈsensətɪv something that you do will upset them husband’s death certificate.
Try to keep your account of events as factual as
2 17 6 factual adj ˈfæktʃuəl based on facts or relating to facts possible.
a quality or feature of something or
someone that is typical of them and What are the personal characteristics that a
2 17 8 characteristics noun ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk easy to recognize leader requires?
A man narrowly escaped death when a fire
2 17 9 narrowly adverb ˈnærəʊli by only a small amount broke out in his home on Sunday morning.
to win a victory over someone in a war,
2 17 9 defeated verb dɪˈfiːt competition, game etc They hoped to defeat the enemy at sea.
2 17 9 bizarre adj bəˈzɑː very unusual or strange The dancers were wearing bizarre costumes.
with your eyes covered by a piece of She managed to find her way around the room
2 17 9 blindfolded adverb ˈblaɪndfəʊldəd, cloth blindfolded.
to succeed in getting past or over a Guido swung the steering-wheel round to
2 17 9 negotiate verb nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt difficult place on a path, road etc negotiate a corner.
a line of objects which people have to The first person to complete the obstacle course
2 17 9 obstacle course noun ˈɒbstəkəl kɔːs jump over, climb through etc in a race was the overall winner.
a meeting, argument, fight etc that will
settle a disagreement or competition Britain has a World Cup showdown with
2 17 9 showdown noun ˈʃəʊdaʊn that has continued for a long time Australia next month.
2 17 9 abbreviations noun əˌbriːviˈeɪʃən a short form of a word or expression ˈDr’ is the written abbreviation of ‘Doctor’.
to write a letter of the alphabet using a It's important to learn the capitalisation rules in
2 17 9 capitalisation noun ˌkæpɪtl-aɪˈzeɪʃən capital letter English.
made, done, seen etc on the internet or
on a computer, rather than in the real The website allows you to take a virtual tour of
2 17 9 virtual adj ˈvɜːtʃuəl world the art gallery.
using a particular person, machine etc
2 17 9 via preposition ˈvaɪə to send something I sent a message to Kitty via her sister.
to refuse to consider someone’s idea,
opinion etc, because you think it is not He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as
2 17 9 dismiss verb dɪsˈmɪs serious, true, or important unrealistic.
2 17 9 astonish verb əˈstɒnɪʃ to surprise someone very much Her reply astonished me.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
someone who is quiet and shy, and Jennifer is an introvert whereas her sister is an
2 18 1 introvert noun ˈɪntrəvɜːt does not enjoy being with other people extrovert.
to feel anxious or worried about
something that is going to happen or
2 18 1 dread verb dred may happen I’m dreading going back to work.
a report, argument etc that is
unbalanced unbalanced is unfair because it The government's report is a totally unbalanced
2 18 2 argument adj ʌnˈbælənst emphasizes one opinion too much one and should not be taken as true.
the state of being free from public Freedom of the press has to led a lack of
2 18 2 privacy noun ˈprɪvəsi attention privacy for many people.
the ability to understand other people’s
2 18 2 sensitivity noun ˌsensəˈtɪvəti feelings and problems His comments show a lack of sensitivity.
2 18 2 concerned adj kənˈsɜːnd worried about something She is concerned about how little food I eat.
2 18 2 disturbed adj dɪˈstɜːbd worried or upset Police are very disturbed about the latest trend.
when someone feels alone and unable
2 18 2 isolation noun ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən to meet or speak to other people Retirement can often cause feelings of isolation.
the ability to make yourself do the
things you know you ought to do,
2 18 2 self-discipline noun ˌself ˈdɪsəplən without someone making you do them A lot of the kids seemed to lack self-discipline.
making you feel less worried or
2 audio 2 reassuring adj ˌriːəˈʃʊərɪŋ frightened It’s reassuring to know that problems are rare.
someone who is active and confident,
and who enjoys spending time with
2 audio 2 extroverts noun ˈekstrəvɜːt other people Her sister was always more of an extrovert.
a piece of work that takes a lot of time
2 audio 2 slog noun slɒɡ and effort and is usually boring It’ll be a slog, but I know we can do it.
tending to disagree with what other I’m extremely sceptical about what I read in the
2 audio 2 sceptical adj ˈskeptɪkəl people tell you press.
not seeming to be ashamed of your bad
behaviour although other people think
2 audio 2 shameless adj ˈʃeɪmləs you should be ashamed She shamelessly took advantage of him.
to take someone’s attention away from
something by making them look at or
2 audio 2 distract verb dɪˈstrækt listen to something else Try not to distract the other students.
very strange and unusual, and difficult
2 audio 2 weird adj wɪəd to understand or explain A really weird thing happened last night.
a cultivated image is one which has Her cultivated image makes her appear more
2 18 4 cultivated adj ˈkʌltəveɪtəd, been carefully improved or developed interesting than she really is.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
the opinion people have of a person,
organization, product etc, or the way a
person, organization etc seems to be to
2 18 4 image noun ˈɪmɪdʒ the public He is trying to improve his public image.
something that is invisible cannot be
2 18 4 invisible adj ɪnˈvɪzəbəl seen The plane is meant to be invisible to radar.
to do or provide what is necessary or Britain was accused of failing to fulfil its
2 19 1 fulfils a need verb fʊlˈfɪl needed obligations under the EU Treaty.
an attempt to do something new or They made every endeavour to find the two
2 19 1 endeavour noun ɪnˈdevə difficult boys.
to willingly stop having something you
want or doing something you like in He sacrificed a promising career to look after
2 19 1 sacrifice verb ˈsækrəfaɪs order to get something more important his kids.
finally, after everything else has been Ultimately, the decision rests with the child’s
2 19 1 ultimately adverb ˈʌltəmətli done or considered parents.
notes of music combined together in a
2 19 1 harmony noun ˈhɑːməni pleasant way The choir were singing in perfect harmony.
a regular repeated pattern of sounds or
2 19 1 rhythm noun ˈrɪðəm movements Drums are basic to African rhythm.
The meeting ended on a sour note, with neither
2 19 1 sour adj saʊə sharp, bad, unpleasant etc side able to reach agreement.
not easy to notice or understand unless The pictures are similar, but there are subtle
2 19 4 subtle adj ˈsʌtl you pay careful attention differences between them.
a method that you use to achieve Shock tactics are being used in an attempt to
2 19 4 tactics noun ˈtæktɪk something stop drink drivers.
something that is done as a reaction to
something that has happened or been The law was passed in response to public
2 19 4 response noun rɪˈspɒns said pressure.
2 19 4 awesome adj ˈɔːsəm very good Their last concert was really awesome.
someone who is taking part in an He has been an active participant in the
2 20 3 participants noun pɑːˈtɪsəpənt activity or event negotiations.
His unambitious approach to work held him
2 20 4 unambitious adj ˌʌnæmˈbɪʃəs feeling or showing lack of ambition back from any promotion.
using words in a clever and amusing
2 20 4 witty adj ˈwɪti way He's always making witty remarks.
2 20 4 curious adj ˈkjʊəriəs wanting to know about something He was curious about how she would react.
an expression or way of behaving that
2 20 4 mask noun mɑːsk hides your real emotions or character Her sarcasm is a mask for her insecurity.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to be able to understand someone
else’s feelings, problems etc, especially
because you have had similar My mother died last year so I can really
2 20 4 empathise verb ˈempəθaɪz experiences empathize with what he’s going through.
the quality of being brave when you are
facing a difficult or dangerous situation, Sue showed great courage throughout her
2 20 4 courage noun ˈkʌrɪdʒ or when you are very ill illness.
phrasal to continue doing something or being in
2 20 4 went on verb ˈgəʊ ɒn a situation He went on working until he was 91.
ability to express your ideas and
opinions well, especially in a way that
2 20 4 eloquence noun ˈeləkwəns influences people She spoke with feeling and eloquence.
friendly conversation in which people
make a lot of jokes with, and amusing She enjoyed the easy banter amongst her
2 20 4 banter noun ˈbæntə remarks about, each other friends.
saying things that are the opposite of
what you mean, in order to make an
unkind joke or to show that you are
2 20 4 sarcastic adj sɑːˈkæstɪk annoyed He can’t help making sarcastic comments.
2 20 4 sporadic adj spəˈrædɪk happening fairly often, but not regularly There has been sporadic violence downtown.
a feeling of worry or slight fear about As she neared the door, Amy felt a growing
2 20 4 unease noun ʌnˈiːz something sense of unease.
a short sudden effort or increase in
2 20 4 burst noun bɜːst activity The van gave a sudden burst of speed.
a small piece of film in a frame that you
shine a light through to show a picture The speaker showed us some interesting slides
2 20 4 slide noun slaɪd on a screen or wall of the new building.
to gradually get rid of a system or They made an election promise to dismantle the
2 20 4 dismantled verb dɪsˈmæntl organization existing tax legislation.
to gradually become less and less or
2 20 4 dwindle verb ˈdwɪndl smaller and smaller His money had dwindled away.
polite and showing respect for other
2 20 4 courteous adj ˈkɜːtiəs people The staff are always courteous and helpful.
phrasal to kill someone or make them extremely Over 50 nurses at the clinic have been struck
2 21 2 struck down by verb ˈstraɪk daʊn ill down with a mystery virus.
someone you know, but who is not a She was a casual acquaintance of my family in
2 21 2 acquaintance noun əˈkweɪntəns close friend Vienna.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
phrasal to completely close something such as
2 21 2 blocked off verb ˈblɒk ɒf a road or an opening Police blocked off the city centre streets.
if your mind, thoughts etc wander, you
no longer pay attention to something,
especially because you are bored or Mrs Snell’s mind wandered and the voices went
2 21 2 wandered verb ˈwɒndə worried on and on.
to move with a sudden quick
movement, or to make something move
2 21 2 flicked verb flɪk in this way The cow’s tail flicked from side to side.
the reason that makes someone do
something, especially when this reason The police believe the motive for this murder
2 21 2 motives noun ˈməʊtɪv is kept hidden was jealousy.
the action of deciding unfairly that a
type of person has particular qualities or
abilities because they belong to a
2 21 2 stereotyping noun ˈsteriətaɪpɪŋ particular race, sex, or social class Stereotyping is not only hurtful, it is also wrong.
something that someone says in order
to start a conversation with someone Despite your awful chat-up line I will go out for
2 21 2 chat-up line noun ˈtʃætʌp laɪn they think is sexually attractive dinner with you.
existing only as an idea or quality rather
than as something real that you can see His ideas were too abstract to be of any
2 21 2 abstract adj ˈæbstrækt or touch practical use.
making you feel pity, sympathy, sadness
2 21 2 touching adj ˈtʌtʃɪŋ etc It was a touching reunion of father and son.
the state of being very keen and excited
about something that is going to happen People were pushing each other out of the way
2 21 2 eagerness noun ˈiːɡənəs or about something you want to do in their eagerness to get to the front.
information that is passed from one
person to another about other people’s
behaviour and private lives, often Here’s an interesting piece of gossip about Mrs
2 22 1 gossip noun ˈɡɒsəp including unkind or untrue remarks Smith.
unable or unlikely to hurt anyone or Her brother’s a bit simple, but he’s quite
2 22 1 harmless adj ˈhɑːmləs cause damage harmless.
2 22 2 chat noun tʃæt an informal friendly conversation I’ve had a long chat with Vinnie.
an informal talk in which people Children quickly get bored by adult
2 22 2 conversation noun ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃən exchange news, feelings, and thoughts conversation.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
a formal discussion of a particular
problem, subject etc in which people
express different opinions, and There was much lively debate about whether
2 22 2 debate noun dɪˈbeɪt sometimes vote on them women should spend more time in the home.
The embassy will continue discussions with the
2 22 2 discussion noun dɪˈskʌʃən when you discuss something Chinese government.
an event at which you describe or We will begin a series of presentations to help
2 22 2 presentation noun ˌprezənˈteɪʃən explain a new product or idea the public fully understand our system.
a talk, especially a formal one about a
particular subject, given to a group of Each child had to give a short speech to the rest
2 22 2 speech noun spiːtʃ people of the class.
something you say or write, especially
publicly or officially, to let people know
your intentions or opinions, or to record In an official statement, she formally announced
2 22 2 statement noun ˈsteɪtmənt facts her resignation.
If you have any financial problems John can
2 22 4 trustworthy adj ˈtrʌstˌwɜːði able to be trusted and depended on help you. He's a very trustworthy person.
behaving or speaking in a confident
determined way that makes people He has a commanding presence and an
2 22 4 authoritative adj ɔːˈθɒrətətɪv respect and obey you authoritative voice.
2 22 5 deep adj diːp a deep sound or voice is very low Her laugh was deep and loud.
not showing much emotion, or not
2 22 5 flat adj flæt changing much in sound as you speak ‘He’s dead,’ she said in a flat voice.
2 22 5 harsh adj hɑːʃ unpleasantly loud and rough His voice was harsh and menacing.
a high-pitched voice or sound is very
2 22 5 high-pitched adj ˌhaɪ ˈpɪtʃt high She spoke in a very high-pitched voice.
a husky voice is deep, quiet, and
2 22 5 husky adj ˈhʌski attractive ‘Come quickly,’ she said in a husky whisper.
We watched them do a lively native dance
2 22 5 lively adj ˈlaɪvli very quick and exciting around the fire.
He had such a warm, mellow voice, that I began
2 22 5 mellow adj ˈmeləʊ a mellow sound is pleasant and smooth to drift off to sleep.
boring because of always being the You need to avoid speaking in a monotonous
2 22 5 monotonous adj məˈnɒtənəs same voice when you are giving a presentation.
a sound or voice that is nasal comes
2 22 5 nasal adj ˈneɪzəl mainly through your nose He spoke in a high nasal voice.
a soft sound or voice, or soft music, is
2 22 5 soft adj sɒft quiet and pleasant to listen to His voice was softer now.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
a soothing sound makes someone feel The soothing sound of her singing helped the
2 22 5 soothing adj suːðɪŋ calmer and less anxious, upset or angry baby to fall asleep.
making very high noises that are not
2 22 5 squeaky adj ˈskwiːki loud I can’t stand her squeaky voice.
friendly or making someone feel Please give a warm welcome to our special
2 22 5 warm adj wɔːm comfortable and relaxed guest.
a wobbly voice is weak and shakes,
especially because you feel frightened Her wobbly voice gave away how emotional she
2 22 5 wobbly adj ˈwɒbli or upset was feeling.
2 22 6 celebrities noun səˈlebrəti a famous living person We invited a number of minor celebrities.
2 23 2 visual adj ˈvɪʒuəl relating to seeing Artists translate their ideas into visual images.
Allison’s vocal style is influenced by country and
2 23 2 vocal adj ˈvəʊkəl relating to the voice or to singing blues music.
if something speaks volumes, it clearly
verb shows the nature of something or the
2 23 2 speaks volumes phrase spiːk feelings of a person What you wear speaks volumes about you.
if someone’s voice is breathy, you can
2 23 2 breathy adj ˈbreθi hear their breath when they speak She had an attractive, breathy voice.
offensive or rude, especially in a sexual
2 23 2 crude adj kruːd way His language was often crude.
letting yourself phrasal to not do something that someone He felt he had let himself down when he didn’t
2 23 2 down verb ˈlet daʊn trusts or expects you to do win the race.
the money that is available to an
organization or person, or a plan of how
2 24 2 budget noun ˈbʌdʒət it will be spent The budget for photography has been cut.
if you address a problem, you start
2 24 2 addressed verb əˈdres trying to solve it Our products address the needs of real users.
advice, criticism etc about how How can I provide feedback without making
2 24 2 feedback noun ˈfiːdbæk successful or useful something is someone angry?
when you offend or upset someone by The problem was how to say ‘no’ to her without
2 24 2 offence noun əˈfens something you do or say causing offence.
2 24 2 disinclined adj ˌdɪsɪnˈklaɪnd to be unwilling to do something I was disinclined to talk to Sam about it.
a small, useful, and cleverly-designed She's just bought a gadget that peels apples for
2 25 1 gadgets noun ˈɡædʒət machine or tool her.
to try extremely hard to achieve
something, even though it is very
2 25 1 struggles verb ˈstrʌɡəl difficult She’s struggling to bring up a family alone.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
very rude or insulting and likely to upset
2 25 1 offensive adj əˈfensɪv people I found her remarks deeply offensive.
2 25 2 heavy-going adj ˈhevi difficult to understand or deal with I found his latest novel a bit heavy-going.
to give an acceptable explanation for
something that other people think is Ministers must appear before Parliament and
2 25 2 justify verb ˈdʒʌstəfaɪ unreasonable justify their actions.
behaviour and attitudes that most
people in a society consider to be Playing together teaches children social
2 25 2 conventions noun kənˈvenʃən normal and right conventions such as sharing.
related to the process of knowing, The cognitive abilities of young children are
2 25 3 cognitive adj ˈkɒɡnətɪv understanding, and learning something often underestimated.
if facts or information bear out a claim,
phrasal story, opinion etc, they help to prove Evidence bears out the idea that students learn
2 25 3 bears …. out verb ˈbeə aʊt that it is true best in small groups.
silly and typical of a child rather than an
3 26 2 juvenile adj ˈdʒuːvənaɪl adult He has a very juvenile sense of humour.
having qualities that are typical of a
child, especially positive qualities such ‘You know I love you,’ she said with childlike
3 26 2 childlike adj ˈtʃaɪldlaɪk as innocence and eagerness simplicity.
typical of young people, or seeming She has managed to maintain her youthful
3 26 2 youthful adj ˈjuːθfəl young appearance.
the way someone behaves, dresses,
speaks etc that shows what their I like his quiet, reserved demeanor. It has a
3 26 2 demeanor noun dɪˈmiːnə character is like very calming effect on those around him.
someone, especially a child or young
person, who is mature behaves in a
sensible and reasonable way, as you
3 26 2 mature adj məˈtʃʊə would expect an adult to behave Laura is very mature for her age.
3 26 2 puerile adj ˈpjʊəraɪl silly and stupid He's always making puerile jokes.
3 26 2 geriatric adj ˌdʒeriˈætrɪk too old to work well He's a geriatric rock star.
a young person, usually between the
ages of 12 and 18, who is developing
3 26 3 adolescent noun ˌædəˈlesənt into an adult His adolescent behaviour drives us mad.
behaving in a silly way that makes you I wish politicians would stop this childish name-
3 26 3 childish adj ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ seem much younger than you really are calling.
someone who is boyish looks or
behaves like a boy in a way that is
3 26 3 boyish adj ˈbɔɪ-ɪʃ attractive At 45, she still had a trim boyish figure.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
infantile behaviour seems silly in an
3 26 3 infantile adj ˈɪnfəntaɪl adult because it is typical of a child He's always laughing at infantile jokes.
The aging population of the country is causing
3 26 3 aging adj ˈeɪdʒɪŋ becoming old problems for the government.
typical of an adult’s behaviour or of the
3 26 3 adult adj ˈædʌlt things adults do That wasn’t very adult of you.
an extreme unhealthy interest in
something or worry about something,
which stops you from thinking about Gambling became an obsession, and he
3 27 6 obsession noun əbˈseʃən anything else eventually lost everything.
in stories, a dead person that sucks
3 27 6 vampires noun ˈvæmpaɪə people’s blood by biting their necks Teenagers seem to love vampire stories.
the state of being very interested in
something, so that you want to look at
3 27 6 fascination noun ˌfæsəˈneɪʃən it, learn about it etc Police knew of his fascination with guns.
a very strong desire to have something, He has the happy-go-lucky lust for life so typical
3 27 6 lust noun lʌst usually power or money of southern Italy.
3 27 6 barely adverb ˈbeəli only with great difficulty or effort He was very old and barely able to walk.
if someone or something appeals to
you, they seem attractive and
3 27 6 appealed to verb əˈpiːl interesting The programme appeals to young children.
an idea or story that many people It was important to dispel the myth that Aids was
3 27 6 myth noun mɪθ believe, but which is not true a gay disease.
She’s an eternal optimist, always expecting the
3 27 6 eternal adj ɪˈtɜːnəl continuing for ever and having no end best to happen.
3 27 6 youth noun juːθ the quality or state of being young Despite his youth, he had travelled alone.
to be a very good example of an idea or
3 27 6 embodied verb ɪmˈbɒdi quality She embodies everything I admire in a teacher.
mysterious events or situations are Benson later disappeared in mysterious
3 27 6 mysterious adj mɪˈstɪəriəs difficult to explain or understand circumstances.
unable to talk in a relaxed way because When adults spoke to her, she became tongue-
3 27 6 tongue-tied adj ˈtʌŋtaɪd you feel nervous or embarrassed tied and shy.
what someone wants to happen in a He accused her of trying to impose her will on
3 27 6 will noun wɪl particular situation others.
the feeling of not being part of society or Unemployment may provoke a sense of
3 27 6 alienation noun ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃən a group alienation from society.
the place or situation in which
3 27 8 origin noun ˈɒrədʒən something begins to exist The tradition has its origins in the Middle Ages.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
The mother’s behaviour has a profound impact
3 27 9 profound adj prəˈfaʊnd having a strong influence or effect on the developing child.
someone who writes articles, especially
about a particular subject, that appear
3 28 3 columnist noun ˈkɒləməst regularly in a newspaper or magazine She's a columnist for a national newspaper.
two statements, beliefs etc that are
contradictory are different and therefore The public is being fed contradictory messages
3 28 3 contradictory adj ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri cannot both be true or correct about the economy.
the feeling you have when you think
3 29 2 amusement noun əˈmjuːzmənt something is funny Her eyes sparkled with amusement.
to feel embarrassed by something you
have said or done because you think it
3 29 2 cringe verb krɪndʒ makes you seem silly She cringed at the sound of her own voice.
raw feelings are strong and natural, but Linda didn’t want to see Roy while her emotions
3 29 2 raw adj rɔː not fully controlled were still raw.
3 29 2 trivial adj ˈtrɪviəl not serious, important, or valuable We were punished for the most trivial offences.
The single-storey structures were built from
3 29 2 impermanent adj ɪmˈpɜːmənənt not staying the same forever cheap and impermanent materials.
Most young smokers are influenced by their
3 29 2 siblings noun ˈsɪblɪŋ a brother or sister friends’ and older siblings’ smoking habits.
a strong desire to have or do something Resist the temptation to buy the item until you’re
3 29 2 temptation noun tempˈteɪʃən even though you know you should not certain you need it.
noun to make unkind insulting remarks about I’m not making fun of you. I admire what you
3 29 2 made fun of phrase fʌn someone or something did.
the possibility that something will
3 29 2 prospect noun ˈprɒspekt happen I see no prospect of things improving here.
a belief or feeling etc that is well-
founded is based on facts or good
3 29 2 well-founded adj ˌwelˈfaʊndəd judgment My suspicions proved to be well-founded.
the possibility that something very bad The threat of famine is very real in parts of
3 29 2 threat noun θret will happen Africa this year.
to exist in a way that may cause a Officials claim the chemical poses no real
3 29 2 pose verb pəʊz problem, danger, difficulty etc threat.
to persuade someone to do something,
especially something that does not
3 29 2 induce verb ɪnˈdjuːs seem wise Nothing would induce me to vote for him again.
pent-up feelings or energy have not His outburst was the result of years of pent-up
3 29 2 pent up adj ˌpent ˈʌp been expressed or used for a long time anger and frustration.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
a feeling of anger because something She was filled with deep resentment at being
3 29 2 resentment noun rɪˈzentmənt has happened that you think is unfair passed over for promotion.
Polly felt a sharp pang of jealousy when she
3 29 2 jealousy noun ˈdʒeləsi a feeling of being jealous saw Paul with Suzanne.
a strong feeling of love for someone or
interest in something, especially a
feeling that is unreasonable and does Shaw’s infatuation with the actress is evident in
3 29 2 infatuation noun ɪnˌfætʃuˈeɪʃən not continue for a long time his writing.
We're too busy listening to the outpourings of
3 29 2 outpouring noun ˈaʊtpɔːrɪŋ an expression of strong feelings others to think about ourselves.
3 29 2 rage noun reɪdʒ a strong feeling of uncontrollable anger His face was red with rage.
It was an irksome journey to get to her house in
3 29 2 irksome adj ˈɜːksəm annoying the Scottish Highlands.
to deal with something very difficult or
unpleasant in a brave and determined
3 29 2 confront verb kənˈfrʌnt way We try to help people confront their problems.
a person or thing that you use instead
of the one that you usually have, Sweeteners are an unhealthy substitute for real
3 29 2 substitute noun ˈsʌbstətjuːt because the usual one is not available sugar.
someone who writes a diary, especially
3 29 2 diarist noun ˈdaɪərəst one that is later sold Charles Darwin was an enthusiastic diarist.
to imagine that you are doing something
which is very pleasant or exciting, but Sometimes she fantasized about buying a boat
3 29 2 fantasising verb ˈfæntəsaɪz which is very unlikely to happen and sailing around the world.
to make something seem better, larger, It’s difficult to exaggerate the importance of
3 29 2 exaggerate verb ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪt worse etc than it really is sleep.
to make something seem less important White House officials attempted to downplay the
3 29 2 downplay verb ˌdaʊnˈpleɪ than it really is President’s role in the affair.
to cause someone or something to be in He was rendered almost speechless by the
3 29 2 rendered verb ˈrendə a particular condition news.
a book in which someone writes about
3 29 2 autobiography noun ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi their own life, or books of this type I enjoyed reading her autobiography.
the state of being unwilling to talk about Her reticence to talk about her family made me
3 29 2 reticence noun ˈretəsəns what you feel or what you know suspicious.
to keep something or continue to have You have the right to retain possession of the
3 29 2 retained verb rɪˈteɪn something goods.
when something or someone is liked or The president’s popularity has declined
3 29 2 popularity noun ˌpɒpjəˈlærəti supported by a lot of people considerably.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
when a plan, decision, or person is The president has already given his approval to
3 29 2 approval noun əˈpruːvəl officially accepted the plan.
an attitude that shows you think that
someone or their behaviour, ideas etc Baxter eyed our clothes with obvious
3 29 2 disapproval noun ˌdɪsəˈpruːvəl are bad or not suitable disapproval.
the activity of sending internet or text
messages that threaten or insult She was very upset by the cyber bullying she
3 29 2 cyber bullying noun ˈsaɪbə ˌbʊliɪŋ someone was subjected to after she lost the race.
verb She had never bared her feelings to anyone
3 29 2 baring one's soul phrase beə to reveal your most secret feelings before.
3 29 2 sentimentality noun ˌsentəmenˈtæləti, the quality of being sentimental He despised any kind of sentimentality.
someone who is dedicated works very
dedicated hard at what they do because they care
3 29 2 adj ˈdedəkeɪtəd a lot about it She is a dedicated and thoughtful teacher.
3 29 2 fancied verb ˈfænsi to feel sexually attracted to someone All the girls fancied him.
Most companies are now reliant on computer
3 31 2 reliant adj rɪˈlaɪənt dependent on someone or something technology.
your social or professional rank or
position, considered in relation to other Doctors have traditionally enjoyed high social
3 31 2 status noun ˈsteɪtəs people status.
when something changes from one Making the transition from youth to adulthood
3 31 3 transition noun trænˈzɪʃən form or state to another can be very painful.
the amount of time that someone or
3 32 2 longevity noun lɒnˈdʒevəti something lives Worms have a longevity of about two years.
consisting of many different parts and Peter seemed to have an instant understanding
3 32 2 complex adj ˈkɒmpleks often difficult to understand of the most complex issues.
the way in which two people or things There's a lot of interplay between the writer and
3 32 2 interplay noun ˈɪntəpleɪ affect each other his characters.
the study of how the qualities of living The United States has pioneered the use of
3 32 2 genetics noun dʒəˈnetɪks, things are passed on in their genes genetics in agriculture.
There are several centenarians living in the
3 32 2 centenarians noun ˌsentəˈneəriən someone who is 100 years old or older mountain village.
a physical or mental condition that
makes it difficult for someone to use a
part of their body properly, or to learn Public places are becoming more accessible to
3 32 2 disability noun ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti normally people with disabilities.
The study looked at a diverse group of
3 32 2 diverse adj daɪˈvɜːs very different from each other teenagers from many different schools.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to eat too much, or eat more than is Overeating has become a serious problem in
3 32 2 overeating verb ˌəʊvərˈiːt healthy the developed countries.
3 32 2 purposeful adj ˈpɜːpəsfəl having a clear aim or purpose They make life meaningful and purposeful.
to understand how good or useful Her abilities are not fully appreciated by her
3 32 2 appreciate verb əˈpriːʃieɪt someone or something is employer.
to ask for something in an anxious or
urgent way, because you want it very She begged and pleaded with them until they
3 32 2 beg verb beɡ much finally agreed.
a quantity of something such as time, They spend equal amounts of time in California
3 32 2 amount noun əˈmaʊnt money, or a substance and New York.
an example of a particular kind of They came across many instances of
3 32 2 instance noun ˈɪnstəns situation discrimination.
the ability to think about something She needed all her powers of concentration to
3 32 2 concentration noun ˌkɒnsənˈtreɪʃən carefully or for a long time stop herself from slipping on the icy road.
a number representing an amount, The sales figures have improved greatly in the
3 32 2 figure noun ˈfɪɡə especially an official number last quarter.
when you are expecting something to She waited in eager anticipation for Robert to
3 32 2 anticipation noun ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən happen arrive.
the feeling that something pleasant or I saw the look of expectancy in the children’s
3 32 2 expectancy noun ɪkˈspektənsi exciting is going to happen eyes.
someone who is as important, intelligent
etc as you are, or who has the same
3 32 2 equals noun ˈiːkwəl rights and opportunities as you do He treats all his staff as equals.
your peers are the people who are the
same age as you, or who have the American children did less well in math than
3 32 2 peers noun pɪə same type of job, social class etc their peers in Japan.
someone you work with - used She discussed the idea with some of her
3 32 2 colleagues noun ˈkɒliːɡ especially by professional people colleagues.
one of two people who are married, or
who live together and have a sexual
3 32 2 partners noun ˈpɑːtnə relationship Discuss your worries with your partner.
the land and buildings of a university or
college, including the buildings where
3 32 3 on-campus noun ˈkæmpəs students live Most first-year students live on campus.
a part of a number or an amount, The proportion of women graduates has
3 32 3 proportion noun prəˈpɔːʃən considered in relation to the whole increased in recent years.
I’d like to withdraw £500 from my current
3 32 3 withdrawn verb wɪðˈdrɔː to take money out of a bank account account.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
one of the 100-year periods measured
from before or after the year of Christ’s
3 33 1 centuries noun ˈsentʃəri birth The church was built in the 13th century.
a job, experience, or situation that is Moving to a new house is a very stressful
3 33 1 stressful adj ˈstresfəl stressful makes you worry a lot experience.
The fall in the number of deaths from heart
to believe or say that a situation or disease is generally attributed to improvements
3 33 2 attribute verb əˈtrɪbjuːt event is caused by something in diet.
3 33 2 genetic adj dʒəˈnetɪk relating to genes or genetics Each person has a unique genetic make-up.
done in a way that is intended or
3 33 2 deliberately adverb dɪˈlɪbərətli planned He shook his head slowly and deliberately.
not wanting to do something and
3 33 2 unwilling adj ʌnˈwɪlɪŋ refusing to do it He was unwilling or unable to pay the fine.
the possibility that something bad,
3 33 2 risks noun rɪsk unpleasant, or dangerous may happen Skiers always face the risk of serious injury.
the quality of being common at a
particular time, in a particular place, or There is a prevalence of deafness in older age
3 33 2 prevalence noun ˈprevələns among a particular group of people groups.
an untreatable illness or injury cannot Certain forms of cancer are currently
3 33 2 untreatable adj ʌnˈtriːtəbəl be helped with drugs or an operation untreatable with drugs.
3 33 2 disagreeable adj ˌdɪsəˈɡriːəbəl not at all enjoyable or pleasant The conversation was disagreeable to him.
something difficult or worrying that you His family responsibilities had started to
3 33 2 burden noun ˈbɜːdn are responsible for become a burden.
a date or time by which you have to do
3 33 2 deadlines noun ˈdedlaɪn or complete something He missed the deadline for applications.
in accordance noun Use this product only in accordance with the
3 33 2 with phrase əˈkɔːdəns according to a rule, system etc manufacturer’s instructions.
the quality of being careful to do
everything that it is your job or duty to He has been rewarded for his
3 33 2 conscientiousness noun ˌkɒnʃiˈenʃəsnəs do conscientiousness and loyalty to the company.
Alcohol contributes to 100,000 deaths a year in
3 33 2 contributes verb kənˈtrɪbjuːt to help to make something happen the US.
We’ll be content with a respectable result in
3 33 2 content adj kənˈtent happy and satisfied tomorrow’s match.
Molly agreed, but she did not sound very
3 33 2 convinced adj kənˈvɪnst feeling certain that something is true convinced.
a reason, argument etc that is based on Police officers must have a valid reason for
3 33 2 valid adj ˈvæləd what is reasonable or sensible stopping motorists.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
an alternative idea, plan etc is different
from the one you have and can be used
3 33 2 alternative adj ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv instead Have you any alternative suggestions?
when you guess about the possible
causes or effects of something without
knowing all the facts, or the guesses
3 33 2 speculation noun ˌspekjəˈleɪʃən that you make There is speculation that the president is ill.
when you believe that what you want to
happen will happen, when in fact it is I think she rather likes me. But maybe that’s just
3 33 4 wishful thinking noun ˌwɪʃfəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ not possible wishful thinking.
Holding onto a moving car while wearing skates
3 33 4 foolhardy adj ˈfuːlhɑːdi taking stupid and unnecessary risks is illegal and foolhardy.
used when you admit that something is Granted, the music is not perfect, but the flaws
3 33 4 granted adverb ˈɡrɑːntəd true are outweighed by the sheer joy of the piece.
relaxed and seeming not to be worried I don’t know how you can be so laid-back about
3 33 4 laid-back adj ˌleɪd ˈbæk about anything your exams.
if opinions, ideas, attitudes etc veer in a
particular direction, they gradually This latest proposal appears to veer in the
3 33 4 veer verb vɪə change and become quite different direction of Democratic ideals.
used to say someone who has caused
problems for other people in the past is
the boot is on the now in a situation in which people are Suddenly she found that the boot was on the
3 33 4 other foot idiom buːt causing problems for them other foot.
3 34 1 generations noun ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃən all people of about the same age In my generation the divorce rate is very high.
the opinions and feelings that you
usually have about something,
especially when this is shown in your As soon as they found out I was a doctor, their
3 34 2 attitude noun ˈætətjuːd behaviour whole attitude changed.
to carry out a particular activity or
process, especially in order to get We are conducting a survey of consumer
3 34 2 conduct verb kənˈdʌkt information or prove facts attitudes towards organic food.
a set of questions that you ask a large
number of people in order to find out
3 34 2 survey noun ˈsɜːveɪ about their opinions or behaviour We conducted a survey of parents in the village.
to think of an idea, story etc that is not
3 34 4 invented verb ɪnˈvent true, usually in order to deceive people They invented a very convincing alibi.
a set of numbers which represent facts Statistics show that 50% of new businesses fail
3 34 4 statistics noun stəˈtɪstɪk or measurements in their first year.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
3 34 4 succinct adj səkˈsɪŋkt clearly expressed in a few words He gave us a very succinct explanation.
correct or suitable for a particular time, It would not be appropriate for me to discuss
3 34 4 appropriate adj əˈprəʊpri-ət situation, or purpose that now.
to not trust someone, especially
because you think they may treat you As a very small child she had learned to
3 35 1 mistrust verb mɪsˈtrʌst unfairly or dishonestly mistrust adults.
to make someone feel ashamed,
nervous, or uncomfortable, especially in He didn’t want to embarrass her by asking
3 35 1 embarrass verb ɪmˈbærəs front of other people questions.
language or words that are colloquial
are used mainly in informal
conversations rather than in writing or He has a very good knowledge of colloquial
3 35 1 colloquial adj kəˈləʊkwiəl formal speech English.
to invent a new word or expression,
especially one that many people start to The word ‘aromatherapy’ was coined in the
3 35 3 coined verb kɔɪn use 1920s.
to describe something or someone in
writing or speech, or to show them in a The god is depicted as a bird with a human
3 35 3 depicting verb dɪˈpɪkt painting, picture etc head.
a state of disagreement or argument Doctors exercise considerable power and often
3 35 3 conflicts noun ˈkɒnflɪkt between people, groups, countries etc come into conflict with politicians.
if you jump on the bandwagon, you start
doing or saying something that a lot of I don’t want to look as if I’m jumping on a green
3 35 3 bandwagon noun ˈbændˌwæɡən people are already doing or saying bandwagon.
a period during which something is the
most powerful or most important feature The reign of technology seems as if it will last a
3 35 3 reign noun reɪn of a place long time.
a group of words that has a special
meaning that is different from the
ordinary meaning of each separate
word. For example, ‘under the weather’
3 35 3 idiom noun ˈɪdiəm is an idiom meaning ‘ill’. I find it hard to learn English idioms.
to stay alive when you only have small Old people often have to subsist on very low
3 35 3 subsisted verb səbˈsɪst amounts of food or money incomes.
to remain alive or continue to exist for a
3 35 3 endured verb ɪnˈdjʊə long time Some friendships can endure for a lifetime.
something you hope to achieve by The aim of the research is to find new food
3 35 3 aiming noun eɪm doing something sources.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to make something have an effect on a The programme is targeted at improving the
3 35 3 targeting verb ˈtɑːɡət particular limited group or area health of women of all ages.
to aim a product at a particular type of
organization, group of people etc, or to
describe it in a particular way, in order The new machine will be pitched at users in the
3 35 3 pitched verb pɪtʃ to sell it hotel and air reservation business.
someone who is not satisfied with Many top athletes are perfectionists who drive
4 36 1 perfectionist noun pəˈfekʃənəst anything unless it is completely perfect themselves to excel.
She is a clinical psychologist working in the
4 36 2 psychologist noun saɪˈkɒlədʒəst someone who is trained in psychology local hospital.
the quality of wanting to be perfect all
4 36 2 perfectionism noun pəˈfekʃənɪzəm the time His perfectionism used to drive her mad.
The advertisement is aimed primarily at
4 36 2 primarily adverb ˈpraɪmərəli mainly children.
if a business underperforms, it does not
make as much profit as it expected to The company has underperformed for the last
4 36 2 underperform verb ˌʌndəpəˈfɔːm make three years.
someone who competes in sports
competitions, especially running, Jonathan has been a professional athlete for
4 36 2 athletes noun ˈæθliːt jumping, and throwing ten years now.
4 36 2 participate verb pɑːˈtɪsəpeɪt to take part in an activity or event Some members refused to participate.
someone who is successful because I guess it was clear to all that I was bright and
4 37 6 achiever noun əˈtʃiːvə they are determined and work hard an achiever.
to stop something from happening, or
4 37 6 preventing verb prɪˈvent stop someone from doing something The rules are intended to prevent accidents.
to feel sorry about something you have
4 37 6 regret verb rɪˈɡret done and wish you had not done it I regret leaving school so young.
if you fulfil your potential you are as We want to make sure that all children are able
4 37 6 fulfil your potential verb fʊlˈfɪl successful as you possibly can be to fulfil their potential.
noun
4 37 6 make their mark phrase mɑːk to become successful or famous It took him only two games to make his mark.
to take an opportunity, accept an I think you should grab your chance to travel
4 37 6 grab verb ɡræb invitation etc immediately while you’re young.
to be brave enough to do something
4 37 6 dare verb deə that is risky or that you are afraid to do Only a few journalists dared to cover the story.
your comfort zone is the range of
activities or situations that you feel Living in the jungle, he was completely out of
4 37 6 comfort zone noun ˈkʌmfət ˌzəʊn happy and confident in his comfort zone.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to stay away from someone or
4 37 6 avoid verb əˈvɔɪd something, or not use something Everyone seemed to be avoiding Nick.
to make someone do something they do
4 37 6 forcing yourself verb fɔːs not want to do I had to force myself to get up this morning.
4 37 6 unproductive adj ˌʌnprəˈdʌktɪv not achieving very much They had a very unproductive meeting.
determination to do something even
though it is difficult or other people Her persistence paid off when she was offered
4 37 6 persistence noun pəˈsɪstəns oppose it the job of manager.
if something pays dividends, it is very
noun useful and brings a lot of advantages, Good eating habits will pay dividends later on in
4 37 6 pays dividends phrase ˈdɪvədənd especially later in the future life.
someone who is extremely successful Jeremy is considered a high flyer and should do
4 37 6 high flyers noun ˌhaɪ ˈflaɪə in their job or in school well in the new job.
someone who starts a new business or
arranges business deals in order to
make money, often in a way that Being an entrepreneur is a way of fulfilling your
4 38 1 entrepreneurs noun ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː involves financial risks creative potential.
giving people a feeling of excitement
4 38 1 inspiring adj ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ and a desire to do something great King was a great orator and an inspiring leader.
the attention that someone or
something gets from newspapers, The failure of their marriage has got a lot of
4 38 2 exposure noun ɪkˈspəʊʒə television etc exposure recently.
The new series has gone down well with
4 38 2 viewers noun ˈvjuːə someone who watches television viewers.
to sell more goods or products than a
4 38 2 outselling verb aʊtˈsel competitor Australia now outsells the US in wines.
the attitude or set of ideas that guides
the behaviour of a person or The company explained their management
4 38 2 philosophy noun fəˈlɒsəfi organization philosophy.
a word or phrase representing a rule or
principle which someone often uses, but
which other people often find annoying The Treasury Secretary has stuck to his mantra
4 38 2 mantra noun ˈmæntrə or boring that ‘a strong dollar is in America’s interest’.
to give someone something or allow
them to have something that they have The council have granted him permission to
4 38 2 granted verb ɡrɑːnt asked for build on the site.
to stop working, usually because you He was forced to retire early because of poor
4 38 2 retire verb rɪˈtaɪə have reached a certain age health.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
a new business activity that involves
4 38 2 venture noun ˈventʃə taking risks He was very excited about the new venture.
1 grasp an to eagerly and quickly use an She is ready to grasp any opportunity to expand
4 38 4 opportunity verb ɡrɑːsp opportunity to do something the business.
to completely understand a fact or an Some people find the idea of relativity difficult to
4 38 4 2 grasp the fact verb ɡrɑːsp idea, especially a complicated one grasp.
if you seize an opportunity, you quickly
1 seize every and eagerly do something when you She seized the opportunity to travel when it was
4 38 4 opportunity verb siːz have the chance to offered to her.
to take control of a place suddenly and
4 38 4 2 seize power verb siːz quickly, using military force The rebels have seized power.
to get possession or control of Youngsters need to take control of their own
4 38 4 take control verb teɪk something lives.
if something is doomed, it is certain to
4 38 4 doomed verb duːm fail, die, be destroyed We are all doomed to die in the end.
to think that something may not be true
4 38 4 doubt verb daʊt or that it is unlikely Kim never doubted his story.
to be more than a particular number or
4 38 4 exceed verb ɪkˈsiːd amount His performance exceeded our expectations.
to experience something, especially They encountered serious problems when two
4 38 4 encounter verb ɪnˈkaʊntə problems or opposition members of the expedition were injured.
a problem that delays or prevents
progress, or makes things worse than The team’s hopes of playing in Europe suffered
4 38 4 setback noun ˈsetbæk they were a setback last night.
Anne left Germany in the expectation of seeing
4 38 4 expectation noun ˌekspekˈteɪʃən what you think or hope will happen her family again before very long.
to be sure that something is correct or
4 38 4 trust verb trʌst right I trust his judgment completely.
to say that you admire and approve of
someone or something, especially The mayor praised the rescue teams for their
4 38 6 praise noun preɪz publicly courage.
an ambitious plan, idea etc shows a
4 39 2 ambitious adj æmˈbɪʃəs desire to do something good but difficult It was an ambitious engineering project.
something that you hope to achieve in Your goal as a parent is to help your child
4 39 2 goals noun ɡəʊl the future become an independent adult.
to add the most recent information to
4 40 1 updating verb ʌpˈdeɪt something The files need updating.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
a useful machine, tool, instrument etc
4 40 1 inventions noun ɪnˈvenʃən that has been invented The dishwasher is a wonderful invention.
They have just built a new storehouse for all the
4 40 4 storehouse noun ˈstɔːhaʊs a building where things are stored extra items.
to look like or be similar to someone or It’s amazing how closely Brian and Steve
4 40 4 resemble verb rɪˈzembəl something resemble each other.
fairly dark or not giving much light, so She walked into the dimly-lit room and wasn't
4 40 4 dimly-lit adverb dɪmli that you cannot see well sure if anyone else was there or not.
to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree
4 40 4 rejected verb rɪˈdʒekt with something Gibson rejected the idea as ‘absurd’.
someone who buys and uses products
4 40 4 consumers noun kənˈsjuːmə and services Consumers will soon be paying higher airfares.
the feeling of being sorry for someone I have absolutely no sympathy for students who
4 40 4 sympathy noun ˈsɪmpəθi who is in a bad situation get caught cheating in exams.
an idea of how something is, or how
4 40 4 concepts noun ˈkɒnsept something should be done It’s very simple, once you grasp the concept.
careful about what you choose to do, We’re very selective about what we let the
4 40 4 selective adj səˈlektɪv, buy, allow etc children watch.
lack of knowledge or information about Excuse my ignorance, but how does it actually
4 40 4 ignorance noun ˈɪɡnərəns something work?
having happened or existed before the
event, time, or thing that you are talking
4 40 4 previous adj ˈpriːviəs about now I’ve met him before on two previous occasions.
if someone or something has a
tendency to do or become a particular Greg’s tendency to be critical made him
4 40 4 tendency noun ˈtendənsi thing, they are likely to do or become it unpopular with his co-workers.
It was a poignant film, which she wished had
4 40 6 poignant adj ˈpɔɪnjənt making you feel sad or full of pity been longer.
having an important effect or influence,
especially on what will happen in the His most significant political achievement was
4 40 6 significant adj sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt future the abolition of the death penalty.
happening or done in a way that is not The landscape was mainly sandy with bushes
4 40 6 haphazardly adverb ˌhæpˈhæzədli planned or organized growing haphazardly here and there.
using a thinking process in which facts
and ideas are connected in a correct
4 40 6 logically adverb ˈlɒdʒəkli way He tried to think logically.
happening or chosen without any
4 40 6 randomly adverb ˈrændəmli definite plan, aim, or pattern The gang picked their victims randomly.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
For one fleeting moment, Paula allowed herself
4 40 6 fleeting adj ˈfliːtɪŋ lasting for only a short time to forget her troubles.
4 40 6 durable adj ˈdjʊərəbəl continuing for a long time Wood is durable material.
if something is done indiscriminately, it
is done without thinking about what
4 40 6 indiscriminately adverb ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmənətli harm it might cause Soldiers fired indiscriminately into the crowd.
a strong dislike of something or Despite his aversion to publicity, Arnold was
4 40 6 aversion noun əˈvɜːʃən someone persuaded to talk to the press.
a place where things that are no longer
4 41 2 graveyard noun ˈɡreɪvjɑːd wanted are left This place has become a graveyard for old cars.
to completely destroy or ruin something A tragic accident shattered her dreams of
4 41 2 shattered verb ˈʃætəd such as someone’s beliefs or life Olympic glory.
to gradually become familiar with a new It took a few seconds for her eyes to adjust to
4 41 2 adjust verb əˈdʒʌst situation the darkness.
a long passage between rows of seats
aisle in a church, plane, theatre etc, or
4 41 2 noun aɪl between rows of shelves in a shop Would you like a window seat or an aisle seat?
4 41 2 crammed adj kræmd completely full of things or people The streets were crammed with people.
producing a harsh, discordant mixture The cacophonous chaos of the room assaulted
4 41 2 cacophonous adj kəˈkɒfənəs of sounds their senses as they peered in.
to obtain something by buying it or Manning hoped to acquire valuable works of art
4 41 2 acquired verb əˈkwaɪə being given it as cheaply as possible.
a name given to someone, especially by
their friends or family, that is not their
real name and is often connected with
what they look like or something they
4 41 2 nickname noun ˈnɪkneɪm have done We had nicknames for all the teachers.
an economic and political system in
which businesses belong mostly to The existence of surplus labour is not confined
4 41 2 capitalism noun ˈkæpətl-ɪzəm private owners, not to the government to capitalism.
to stop doing, producing, or providing I'm afraid that this model has been
4 41 2 discontinued verb ˌdɪskənˈtɪnju something discontinued.
4 41 2 caffeinated adj ˈkæfiːneɪtəd containing caffeine She tried to avoid all caffeinated drinks.
something that is regrettable is
unpleasant, and you wish things could It’s regrettable that classical music receives so
4 41 2 regrettable adj rɪˈɡretəbəl be different little attention.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to burst, or to make something burst,
into small pieces, usually with a loud The device was thrown at an army patrol but
4 41 2 explode verb ɪkˈspləʊd noise and in a way that causes damage failed to explode.
the quality that a person, situation, film,
or play has that makes you feel pity and The opera's mixture of comedy, pathos, and
4 41 2 pathos noun ˈpeɪθɒs sadness desire will break your heart.
feelings, memories, or experiences that
are bittersweet are happy and sad at
4 41 2 bittersweet adj ˌbɪtəˈswiːt the same time She has bittersweet memories of her childhood.
a feeling of sadness for no particular
4 41 2 melancholy noun ˈmelənkəli reason He sank into deep melancholy.
the quality of not staying the same His philosophy stressed the impermanence of
4 41 2 impermanence noun ɪmˈpɜːmənəns forever the world.
Use a piece of fresh ginger to impart a far-
4 41 2 imparted verb ɪmˈpɑːt to give a particular quality to something eastern flavour to simple ingredients.
in a simple way that is attractive but She dressed in an understatedly fashionable
4 41 2 understatedly adverb ˌʌndəˈsteɪtədli without too much decoration way.
a legal arrangement by which you
borrow money from a bank or similar
organization in order to buy a house,
and pay back the money over a period Your building society or bank will help arrange a
4 41 2 mortgages noun ˈmɔːɡɪdʒ of years mortgage.
used to add information that reduces
the force or importance of what you He accepted the job, albeit with some
4 41 2 albeit conjunction ɔːlˈbiːət have just said hesitation.
to gradually increase in numbers or
amount until there is a large quantity in Fat tends to accumulate around the hips and
4 41 2 accumulate verb əˈkjuːmjəleɪt one place thighs.
to continue trying to do something in a
very determined way in spite of He persevered with his task until he had
4 41 2 persevering verb ˌpɜːsəˈvɪə difficulties succeeded in collecting an armful of firewood.
4 41 2 upstate adj ˈʌpsteɪt in the northern part of a particular state She lives in upstate New York.
to change something into a different
form, or to change something so that it
can be used for a different purpose or in They converted the spare bedroom into an
4 41 2 converted verb kənˈvɜːt a different way office.
a place where grain, especially wheat,
4 41 2 granary noun ˈɡrænəri is stored She lived in a converted granary.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
Congress voted overwhelmingly in favor of the
4 41 2 overwhelmingly adverb ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋli very largely, more importantly etc bill.
unusual or interesting enough to be There is a striking contrast between wealth and
4 41 2 striking adj ˈstraɪkɪŋ easily noticed poverty.
a viable idea, plan, or method can work The committee came forward with one viable
4 41 2 viable adj ˈvaɪəbəl successfully solution.
to think that something is true, although I didn’t see your car, so I assumed you’d gone
4 41 2 assume verb əˈsjuːm you do not have definite proof out.
to deserve to be thought about or
4 41 2 worthy adj ˈwɜːði treated in a particular way A couple of other books are worthy of mention.
to protect something or be responsible
for it, especially something such as The gardens are stewarded by a group of
4 41 2 stewarded verb ˈstjuːəd nature, public property, or money volunteers.
the money, property, skill etc that you
have available to use when you need His knowledge of the subject is a valuable
4 41 2 resource noun rɪˈzɔːs them resource for us.
one of a group of things that people can The newest model has several advantages over
4 41 2 rival noun ˈraɪvəl choose between its rivals.
4 41 2 belatedly adverb bɪˈleɪtədli happening or arriving late She belatedly acknowledged my promotion.
to stop doing something because there
are too many problems and it is The game had to be abandoned due to bad
4 41 2 abandoned verb əˈbændən impossible to continue weather.
to accept the possibility that something The thought that she might be dead was too
4 41 2 contemplate verb ˈkɒntəmpleɪt is true terrible to contemplate.
to secretly plan with someone else to do
4 41 2 conspired verb kənˈspaɪə something illegal All six men admitted conspiring to steal cars.
a sudden or unexpected change that
noun makes a situation develop in a different The president was stunned by the sudden turn
4 42 1 turn of events phrase tɜːn way of events.
4 42 1 vividly adverb ˈvɪvəd clearly brightly I can vividly remember the day we met.
4 42 1 devastated adj ˈdevəsteɪtəd feeling extremely shocked and sad She was left feeling totally devastated.
feeling less eager or willing to do your I became demotivated after failing my driving
4 43 3 demotivated adj diːˈməʊtɪveɪtəd job test three times.
to give someone more control over their
4 44 2 empowering verb ɪmˈpaʊə own life or situation She found the exercise quite empowering.
a situation in which you have a lot of
problems that seem to be caused by His courage in the face of adversity was truly
4 45 3 adversity noun ədˈvɜːsəti bad luck commendable.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
the way a person or group of people
live, including the place they live in, the
things they own, the kind of job they do,
5 46 1 lifestyle noun ˈlaɪfstaɪl and the activities they enjoy Regular exercise is part of a healthy lifestyle.
to try to find out the truth about
something such as a crime, accident, or The study investigates the impact of violent TV
5 46 2 investigate verb ɪnˈvestəɡeɪt scientific problem programming on children.
noun the time when something first begins to With the advent of the computer, the world
5 46 2 the advent of phrase ˈædvent be widely used changed dramatically.
to make someone decide to do
something, especially by giving them
reasons why they should do it, or asking I finally managed to persuade her to go out for a
5 46 2 persuaded verb pəˈsweɪd them many times to do it drink with me.
happening a number of times, usually at
5 46 2 periodically adverb ˌpɪəriˈɒdɪkli regular times Teachers meet periodically to discuss progress.
5 46 2 enlightening adj ɪnˈlaɪtnɪŋ giving more understanding of a situation It was an enlightening lecture.
if a machine beeps, it makes a short
5 46 2 beeped verb biːp high sound Why does the computer keep beeping?
an inopportune moment or time is not I’m afraid you’ve called at rather an inopportune
5 46 2 inopportune adj ɪnˈɒpətjuːn suitable or good for something moment.
5 46 2 distracted adj dɪˈstræktəd, anxious and unable to think clearly He's seems to be rather distracted today.
5 48 1 banking noun ˈbæŋkɪŋ the business of a bank He works in international banking.
the service that is responsible for
looking after the health of all the people The government has promised wide-ranging
5 48 1 health care noun ˈhelθkeə in a country or an area health care for all.
business such as hotels, bars,
restaurants that offer people drink, food She would like to work in the hospitality
5 48 1 hospitality noun ˌhɒspəˈtæləti or a place to sleep industry.
law as a subject of study, or the
5 48 1 law noun lɔː profession of being a lawyer She’s studying law in London.
the activity of deciding how to advertise
a product, what price to charge for it
etc, or the type of job in which you do
5 48 1 marketing noun ˈmɑːkətɪŋ this He's studying marketing at university.
all the organizations, such as television,
radio, and newspapers, that provide
news and information for the public, or They have always been interested in working in
5 48 1 media noun ˈmiːdiə the people who do this work media.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
a job or profession that you have been
trained for, and which you do for a long
5 48 4 career noun kəˈrɪə period of your life He realized that his acting career was over.
the ability to use your imagination to Editors complain about the lack of creativity in
5 48 4 creativity noun ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti produce new ideas, make things etc the ideas put to them.
if you are sacked, you are dismissed
5 48 4 sacked verb sæk from your job He was sacked for being drunk.
She stood on deck to gaze at the unfamiliar
5 48 4 unfamiliar adj ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə not known to you surroundings.
time that you spend working in your job
5 48 4 overtime noun ˈəʊvətaɪm in addition to your normal working hours They’re working overtime to get the job finished.
expecting people to obey rules or to do
5 48 4 stricter adj strɪkt what you say This company is very strict about punctuality.
to put pressure on someone in order to The government has made an attempt to tackle
5 48 4 bullying noun ˈbʊlijɪŋ make them do what you want the problem of bullying in schools.
noun the bare essentials are the most
5 48 4 bare essentials phrase ɪˈsenʃəl necessary things We only had the bare essentials.
an amount, usually small, of a quality or
5 48 4 element noun ˈeləmənt feeling There is an element of truth in your argument.
if you benefit from something, or it
benefits you, it gives you an advantage,
improves your life, or helps you in some Many thousands have benefited from the new
5 48 4 benefitting verb ˈbenəfɪt way treatment.
a dead end job is one with low wages If you don’t work harder, you'll end up with a
5 48 5 dead-end job noun ˌded ˈend and no chance of progress dead-end job.
keep your nose to noun to work very hard, without stopping to Jim had decided he was going to keep his nose
5 48 5 the grindstone phrase nəʊz rest to the grindstone.
up to your ears in noun She can’t join us as she's up to her ears in work
5 48 5 work phrase ɪə to have a lot of work etc at the moment.
a way of trying to persuade someone to
do something by offering them
carrot and stick noun something good if they do it, and a The government is trying a carrot and stick
5 48 5 approach phrase ˈkærət punishment if they do not: approach in getting young people to find jobs.
getting your foot noun to get your first opportunity to work in a I got my foot in the door by taking a job as a
5 48 5 in the door phrase fʊt particular organization or industry cleaner when I left school Now I'm the boss.
5 49 1 commute noun kəˈmjuːt the journey to work every day My morning commute takes 45 minutes.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
the things that will happen to someone
in the future, especially those that Nancy wondered whether it was her destiny to
5 49 1 destiny noun ˈdestəni cannot be changed or controlled live in England and marry Melvyn.
the ability to give a sensible amount of
time and effort to your work and to your
life outside work, for example to your You can’t have a proper work-life balance if
5 49 2 work-life balance noun ˌwɜːkˈlaɪf ˌbæləns family or to other interests you’re in the office for 12 hours a day.
if someone gets on your nerves, they
noun annoy you, especially by doing She’s always moaning. It really gets on my
5 49 4 gets on my nerves phrase nɜːv something all the time nerves.
She needed to find her stapler so she could
5 49 4 stapler noun ˈsteɪplə a tool used for putting staples into paper staple the sheets of paper together.
something that happens as a result of a Many believe that poverty is a direct
5 50 3 consequences noun ˈkɒnsəkwəns particular action or set of conditions consequence of overpopulation.
the regular way in which something
5 50 3 patterns noun ˈpætən happens, develops, or is done Weather patterns have changed in recent years.
doing things that are sensible and
5 50 3 wisely adverb waɪzli based on good judgment He nodded wisely.
a member of your family who lived a
5 50 6 ancestors noun ˈænsəstə long time ago My ancestors were French.
to receive money, property etc from
5 50 6 inherited verb ɪnˈherət someone after they have died He inherited a fortune from his grandmother.
someone who goes into houses, shops The burglar had climbed in through a
5 50 6 burglar noun ˈbɜːɡlə etc to steal things downstairs window.
a large amount or mass of something,
especially something that has been There is now a considerable body of knowledge
5 51 2 body of research noun ˈbɒdi collected of the different stages of childhood.
the money that you earn from your work
or that you receive from investments,
5 51 2 income noun ˈɪŋkʌm the government etc People on higher incomes should pay more tax.
something that is intriguing is very
interesting because it is strange, The magazine carries an intriguing mixture of
5 51 2 intriguing adj ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ mysterious, or unexpected high fashion, gossip and racing.
a situation that seems strange because
it involves two ideas or qualities that are It’s a paradox that in such a rich country there
5 51 2 paradox noun ˈpærədɒks very different can be so much poverty.
to carelessly waste money, time, The home team squandered a number of
5 51 2 squander verb ˈskwɒndə opportunities etc chances in the first half.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to let yourself do or have something that
you enjoy, especially something that is Most of us were too busy to indulge in heavy
5 51 2 indulge verb ɪnˈdʌldʒ considered bad for you lunchtime drinking.
if something or someone obsesses you,
you think or worry about them all the
time and you cannot think about A lot of young girls are obsessed by their
5 51 2 obsess verb əbˈses anything else weight.
dealing with, containing, or being used
5 51 2 devoted adj dɪˈvəʊtəd for only one thing The local museum is devoted to photography.
money added to someone’s wages, Further additions to your pay may take the form
5 51 2 bonuses noun ˈbəʊnəs especially as a reward for good work of bonus payments.
someone who gives information about
their language, social customs etc to The survey informants were offered a chance to
5 51 2 informant noun ɪnˈfɔːmənt someone who is studying them take part in meeting with experts.
The disaster cannot be definitively linked to
5 51 2 definitively adverb dɪˈfɪnətɪvli precisely and with authority climate change.
to give something, especially money, to
a person or an organization in order to Last year he donated $1,000 to cancer
5 51 2 donate verb dəʊˈneɪt help them research.
an organization that gives money,
goods, or help to people who are poor,
5 51 2 charity noun ˈtʃærəti sick etc Several charities sent aid to the flood victims.
an idea that is suggested as an
explanation for something, but that has One hypothesis is that the victim fell asleep
5 51 2 hypothesis noun haɪˈpɒθəsəs not yet been proved to be true while driving.
It was important that they secured a large and
widespread audience. They failed on both
5 51 2 on two counts noun kaʊnt on two counts means in two ways counts.
a quality that is inherent in something is
a natural part of it and cannot be I’m afraid the problems you mention are
5 52 1 inherent adj ɪnˈhɪərənt separated from it inherent in the system.
the state of being unwilling to believe
that people have good, honest, or There is a lot of cynicism today about
5 52 1 cynicism noun ˈsɪnɪsɪzəm sincere reasons for doing something politicians.
to do something or behave in the same
way as someone else, especially
5 52 1 emulating verb ˈemjəleɪt because you admire them He hoped to emulate the success of Wilder.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
the act of thinking deeply and seriously
5 52 1 meditation noun ˌmedəˈteɪʃən about something She found him sitting alone, deep in meditation.
a chemical substance produced by your
body that influences its growth, Her condition has improved since she had
5 52 1 hormone noun ˈhɔːməʊn development, and condition hormone treatment.
a chemical in the body that helps carry
messages from the brain and is Successful students seem to have high levels of
5 52 1 serotonin noun ˌserəˈtəʊnɪn believed to make you feel happy serotonin.
a long race of about 26 miles or 42 Garcia ran the marathon in just under three
5 52 1 marathon noun ˈmærəθən kilometres hours.
a chemical produced by your body that
reduces pain and can make you feel Exercises increases endorphins in the body and
5 52 1 endorphin noun enˈdɔːfɪn happier make you feel happier.
one of the small parts of the surface of Some people's taste buds don't work very well
your tongue with which you can taste and they find it difficult to taste the food they
5 52 1 taste buds noun ˈteɪst bʌd things eat.
a small thin red or green pepper with a
5 52 1 chillies noun ˈtʃɪli very strong hot taste She puts chillies in everything when she cooks.
5 52 1 agony noun ˈæɡəni very severe pain He groaned in agony.
Hopes of a peace settlement are beginning to
5 52 1 fades verb feɪd to gradually disappear fade.
to not allow someone or something to
5 52 1 banish verb ˈbænɪʃ stay in a particular place I was banished to a distant corridor.
an illness that makes people feel sad Those who suffer from seasonal affective
seasonal affective ˌsiːzənəl əˈfektɪv and tired in winter, because there is not disorder have a strong peak in the autumn and
5 52 1 disorder noun disˈɔːdə enough light from the sun winter months.
a sudden strong movement of wind or
5 52 1 blast noun blɑːst air A blast of cold air swept through the hut.
someone who does not like other He can only be described as a misanthrope. He
5 52 1 misanthropes noun ˈmɪsənθrəʊp people and prefers to be alone hates socialising.
to move so that you are lying or sitting
phrasal with your arms and legs bent close to
5 52 1 curling up verb kɜːl ʌp your body I just wanted to curl up and go to sleep.
to lightly touch someone or something
several times with your hand flat,
5 52 1 patting verb pæt especially to give comfort He patted the dog affectionately.
intended to be helpful but in fact making He described the government’s economic policy
5 53 1 misguided adj mɪsˈɡaɪdəd a situation worse as misguided.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
an idea which is wrong or untrue, but
which people believe because they do There is a popular misconception that too much
5 53 1 misconception noun ˌmɪskənˈsepʃən not understand the subject properly exercise is bad for you.
likely to make someone believe The article was misleading, and the newspaper
5 53 1 misleading adj mɪsˈliːdɪŋ something that is not true has apologized.
a feeling of doubt or fear about what
might happen or about whether Despite her misgivings about leaving the baby,
5 53 1 misgivings noun mɪsˈɡɪvɪŋ something is right she decided to accompany her husband.
the action of not understanding the
correct meaning of something that
someone says or does, or of facts that The problems were caused by a
5 53 1 misinterpretation noun ˌmɪsɪntɜːprəˈteɪʃən you are considering misinterpretation of the test results.
a small mistake, especially a spelling
5 53 1 misprint noun ˈmɪs-prɪnt mistake, in a book, magazine etc There rather a lot of misprints in that book.
showing no desire to be noticed or
5 53 2 unassuming adj ˌʌnəˈsjuːmɪŋ given special treatment His unassuming manner was rather charming.
Robinson’s name was inadvertently omitted
5 53 2 inadvertently adverb ˌɪnədˈvɜːtəntli without realizing what you are doing from the list.
food or drink that is insipid does not Our meal consisted of a very insipid pasta dish
5 53 2 insipid adj ɪnˈsɪpəd have much taste followed by an even more insipid dessert.
someone or something that is
nondescript looks very ordinary and is She was looking at an extremely nondescript
5 53 2 nondescript adj ˈnɒndəˌskrɪpt not at all interesting or unusual suburban house.
in the style of 20th century art or
literature in which the artist or writer
connects unrelated images and objects I find surrealist paintings very disturbing to look
5 53 2 surrealist adj səˈrɪəlɪst in a strange way at.
a work of art, a piece of writing or music
etc that is of very high quality or that is
the best that a particular artist, writer etc Mary Shelley was just 18 when she wrote the
5 53 2 masterpieces noun ˈmɑːstəpiːs has produced horror masterpiece ‘Frankenstein’.
behaving calmly and not seeming
interested in anything or worried about ‘Has he got a girlfriend?’ Jill asked, trying to
5 53 2 nonchalant adj ˈnɒnʃələnt anything sound nonchalant.
annoyed or disappointed, especially
because things have not happened in The company has several disgruntled clients,
5 53 2 disgruntled adj dɪsˈɡrʌntld the way that you wanted which is not good for business.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
used when talking about a situation in
which the opposite of what you Ironically, his cold got better on the last day of
5 54 2 ironically adverb aɪˈrɒnɪkli expected happens or is true his holiday.
oddly enough is used to say that Oddly enough, someone asked me the same
5 54 2 oddly enough adverb ˈɒdli something seems strange or surprising question only yesterday.
Curiously, the results were better than we
5 54 2 curiously adverb ˈkjʊəriəsli strangely or unusually expected.
making you feel happier and more It was an amazingly uplifting show and we came
5 54 4 uplifting adj ʌpˈlɪftɪŋ hopeful home feeling much happier.
a person or situation that stops you
5 54 4 downer noun ˈdaʊnə feeling happy The weather was a bit of a downer.
There was a general mood of depression in the
5 54 4 mood noun muːd the way you feel at a particular time office.
The building was closed purely on the grounds
5 54 4 purely adverb ˈpjʊəli completely and only of safety.
5 54 4 depressing adj dɪˈpresɪŋ making you feel very sad The whole experience was very depressing.
the parts of a town or city that are
5 55 2 outskirts noun ˈaʊtskɜːts furthest from the centre They live on the outskirts of Paris.
disappointed because you have lost
your belief that someone is good, or As she grew older, Laura became increasingly
5 55 2 disillusioned adj dɪsəˈluːʒənd that an idea is right disillusioned with politics.
a member of an all-male religious group
that lives apart from other people in a He left the world of high finance to become a
5 55 3 monk noun mʌŋk monastery monk.
A host of show business celebrities have
5 55 3 a host of noun həʊst a large number of people or things pledged their support.
not working properly, or not made Customers may ask for a refund if the goods
faulty
5 55 3 adj ˈfɔːlti correctly are faulty.
5 56 6 hard graft noun ɡrɑːft hard work Our success has been due to sheer hard graft.
consecutive numbers or periods of time
follow one after the other without any
5 56 6 consecutive adj kənˈsekjətɪv interruptions It had rained for four consecutive days.
to make a great effort to achieve
5 56 6 strive verb straɪv something I was still striving to be successful.
to make someone lose all hope, Their hopes and ambitions were crushed by his
5 56 6 crushes verb krʌʃ confidence etc harsh words.
something that encourages you to work Awards provide an incentive for young people to
5 56 6 incentive noun ɪnˈsentɪv harder, start a new activity etc improve their skills.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
5 56 6 sting noun stɪŋ the upsetting or bad effect of a situation She smiled to take the sting out of her words.
a remark that shows you admire All the guests paid her extravagant
5 57 8 compliments noun ˈkɒmpləmənt someone or something compliments.
an animal or plant that lived many
thousands of years ago and that has
been preserved, or the shape of one of
these animals or plants that has been The children picked up some tiny fossils from
6 58 1 fossils noun ˈfɒsəl preserved in rock the beach.
an animal like a large hairy elephant
that lived on Earth thousands of years They have recently discovered some mammoth
6 58 2 mammoth noun ˈmæməθ ago bones along the coastline.
to find something after searching for it,
especially something that has been
unearthed
buried in the ground or lost for a long In one shop, I unearthed a wonderful collection
6 58 2 verb ʌnˈɜːθ time of 1920s toys.
if a scientist or archaeologist excavates
an area of land, they dig carefully to find
6 58 2 excavated verb ˈekskəveɪt ancient objects, bones etc Schliemann excavated the ancient city of Troy.
a layer of soil that is always frozen in Most of Mars seems to be covered with a layer
6 58 2 permafrost noun ˈpɜːməfrɒst countries where it is very cold of permafrost, kilometers deep in places.
one of a pair of very long pointed teeth,
that stick out of the mouth of animals
6 58 2 tusk noun tʌsk such as elephants Sadly, elephants are being killed for their tusks.
a person who studies ancient societies
by examining what remains of their He works for English Heritage as an
6 59 6 archaeologists noun ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst buildings, graves, tools etc archaeologist.
6 59 6 unfavourably adverb ʌnˈfeɪvərəbli in a way that is unkind She spoke unfavourably about the experience.
failing to make you believe that Some readers will find the arguments
6 59 6 unconvincing adj ˌʌnkənˈvɪnsɪŋ something is true or real unconvincing.
one of the people who live in a
6 59 6 inhabitants noun ɪnˈhæbətənt particular place The city has six million inhabitants.
The brochure tries to give a fair and accurate
6 59 7 accurate adj ˈækjərət, correct and true in every detail description of each hotel.
something that is believable can be
believed because it seems possible,
6 59 7 believable adj bəˈliːvəbəl likely, or real That scenario is entirely believable.
making you believe that something is Courtenay played the role in an utterly
6 59 7 convincing adj kənˈvɪnsɪŋ true or right convincing way.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
a favourable report, opinion, or reaction
shows that you think that someone or
something is good or that you agree The response has been overwhelmingly
6 59 7 favourable adj ˈfeɪvərəbəl with them favorable.
6 59 7 informative adj ɪnˈfɔːmətɪv providing many useful facts or ideas It was an informative and entertaining book.
to make something such as a system or They lived in a tastefully modernized old
6 59 7 modernised verb ˈmɒdənaɪz building more modern farmhouse.
6 60 4 boom noun buːm a quick increase of business activity The boom has created job opportunities.
if you are obliged to do something, you
have to do it because the situation, the The minister was obliged to report at least once
6 60 4 obliged verb əˈblaɪdʒ law, a duty etc makes it necessary every six months.
the number of people who attend a Last year’s fair saw attendance figures of
6 60 4 attendance noun əˈtendəns game, concert, meeting etc 32,000.
time when you are not working or
studying and can relax and do things Watching television is now the nation’s most
6 60 4 leisure noun ˈleʒə you enjoy popular leisure activity.
used for saying that something is
certain to happen and cannot be The decision will inevitably lead to political
6 60 4 inevitably adverb ɪˈnevətəbli avoided tensions.
a long search for something that is World leaders are now united in their quest for
6 60 4 quest noun kwest difficult to find peace.
careful thought, or an idea or opinion A moment’s reflection will show the stupidity of
6 60 4 reflection noun rɪˈflekʃən based on this this argument.
6 62 2 ancestral adj ænˈsestrəl relating to or inherited from an ancestor She lives in the large ancestral home.
to make someone want to have or do
something, even though they know they
6 62 2 tempted verb tempt really should not I’m tempted to buy that dress.
the attention that someone or
something gets from newspapers, It’s important to gain good publicity for the
6 62 2 publicity noun pʌˈblɪsəti television etc school.
intended to interest, excite, or shock Newspapers often write sensational stories
6 62 2 sensational adj senˈseɪʃənəl people about celebrities.
a place where a large number of
historical records are stored, or the If you want that information you need to visit the
6 62 2 archives noun ˈɑːkaɪv records that are stored national archives.
when you are very interested in I don’t understand James’ absorption with
6 62 2 absorption noun əbˈsɔːpʃən something military history.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
if something or someone is predictable,
you know what will happen or what they
6 62 2 predictable adj prɪˈdɪktəbəl will do The snow had a predictable effect on traffic.
very bad luck, or something that It seems the banks always profit from farmers’
6 62 2 misfortune noun mɪsˈfɔːtʃən happens to you as a result of bad luck misfortunes.
someone’s welfare is their health and
6 62 2 welfare noun ˈwelfeə happiness Our only concern is the children’s welfare.
exactly right or suitable for someone or
6 62 5 tailor-made adj ˌteɪlə ˈmeɪd something The job’s tailor-made for you.
kənˈsjuːmə influenced by the actions and needs of The company is offering consumer-driven
6 62 5 consumer-driven adj ˌdrɪvən consumers health plans.
having very high moral standards or She has a high-minded view of what the human
6 62 5 high-minded adj ˌhai ˈmaɪndəd principles spirit can achieve.
a moral rule or belief about what is right
and wrong, that influences how you It’s against my principles to accept gifts from
6 62 5 principle noun ˈprɪnsəpəl behave clients.
common aims, beliefs, ideas etc are It was exciting to discover that we had a
6 62 6 common adj ˈkɒmən shared by several people or groups common ancestor.
a family group that consists not only of
ɪkˌstendəd parents and children but also of She enjoyed the benefits of having an extended
6 62 6 extended family noun ˈfæməli grandparents, aunts etc family.
a family unit that consists only of a
6 62 6 nuclear family adj ˌnjuːkliə ˈfæməli husband, wife, and children Our nuclear family is quite large.
6 63 2 dead adverb ded completely The road was dead straight.
the traditional beliefs, values, customs These beautiful old buildings must be protected
6 63 2 heritage noun ˈherətɪdʒ etc of a family, country, or society as they are part of our heritage.
your relation to a place because you
were born there, or your family used to Alex Haley’s story about his search for his roots
6 63 2 roots noun ruːt live there became a bestseller.
someone who was a member of your
6 63 2 forebears noun ˈfɔːbeə family a long time in the past I think some of my forebears were criminals.
the activity of praying or singing in a
religious building in order to show Worship of the old gods still continues in remote
6 63 2 worship noun ˈwɜːʃɪp respect and love for a god areas of the country.
But now she puts her energy into helping others
genealogy
6 63 2 noun ˌdʒiːniˈælədʒi the study of the history of families research their own genealogy.
happening very easily or quickly, and
6 63 2 runaway adj ˈrʌnəweɪ not able to be controlled The film was a runaway success.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
the main bad character in a film, play, or Books and films often portray the villains as
6 63 2 villain noun ˈvɪlən story heroes.
a man who is admired for doing He had dared to speak out against injustice,
6 63 2 hero noun ˈhɪərəʊ something extremely brave and overnight he became a national hero.
when someone tries to make something
or someone seem better than they
6 63 2 sham noun ʃæm really are It all turned out to be sham and hypocrisy.
an attitude of doubting that particular
claims or statements are true or that I was disappointed by his scepticism when I
6 63 2 scepticism noun ˈskeptəsɪzəm something will happen announced my plans.
to use something that is bigger, better, They have brought out several DVDs that
or more successful in order to help piggyback onto the success of the TV
6 63 2 piggy-back verb ˈpɪɡibæk another product or project succeed programme.
6 63 2 rapture noun ˈræptʃə great excitement and happiness The boys gazed up at him in rapture.
phrasal to read or look at something very
6 63 2 poring over verb ˈpɔː əʊvə carefully for a long time She was poring over a book.
6 63 2 hunting noun ˈhʌntɪŋ the activity of looking for something We're going house-hunting later today.
to prove or officially announce that
someone is guilty of a crime after a trial
6 63 2 convicted verb kənˈvɪkt in a law court She was convicted of shoplifting.
an official process of counting a
country’s population and finding out We have to complete a census form every ten
6 63 2 census noun ˈsensəs about the people years.
a small sign that shows that someone There was no trace of anyone having entered
6 63 2 trace noun treɪs or something was present or existed the room since then.
language that sounds scientific but is
not really, that some people use when
6 63 2 psychobabble noun ˈsaɪkəʊˌbæbəl talking about their emotional problems I hate it when people start using psychobabble.
to stop being angry with someone and
stop blaming them, although they have
6 63 2 forgive verb fəˈɡɪv done something wrong He never forgave her for walking out on him.
to tell someone a story or describe a
6 63 2 recounted verb rɪˈkaʊnt series of events Alan recounted how he and Joyce had met.
to leave someone or something and no The price rise caused many readers to desert
6 63 2 deserted verb dɪˈzɜːt longer help or support them the magazine.
6 63 2 clergyman noun ˈklɜːdʒimən a male member of the clergy His uncle was a well-known clergyman.
They were scared of getting a snakebite in the
6 63 2 snakebite noun ˈsneɪkbaɪt the bite of a poisonous snake jungle.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to believe a story, explanation etc that is
6 63 2 swallowed verb ˈswɒləʊ not actually true I found his story a bit hard to swallow.
He was forced to eat humble pie when I got into
to eat humble pie is to admit that you university, as he had never believed I would
6 63 2 humble pie adj ˈhʌmbəl were wrong about something achieve my goal.
he things that happen to someone or
something, especially unpleasant things
that end their existence or end a No one knows what the fate of the hostages will
6 63 2 fate noun feɪt particular period be.
(deoxyribonucleic acid) a substance
that carries genetic information in the A DNA test showed that he was not the baby's
6 64 1 DNA noun ˌdiː en ˈeɪ cells of the body father.
a biscuit served in Chinese restaurants,
containing a piece of paper that says The children enjoyed opening the fortune
what is supposed to happen to you in cookies when they went to the Chinese
6 64 1 fortune cookie noun ˌfɔːtʃən ˈkʊki the future restaurant.
to produce a result, answer, or piece of Our research has only recently begun to yield
6 64 1 yield verb jiːld information important results.
a short description that gives important
details about a person, a group of She wrote a short profile of the history of the
6 64 1 profile noun ˈprəʊfaɪl people, or a place castle.
the members of your family who lived a
6 64 1 ancestry noun ˈænsəstri long time ago Her mother is of German ancestry.
Many birds are migratory and move to warmer
6 64 1 migratory adj maɪˈɡreɪtəri involved in or relating to migration countries in winter.
how easy or difficult it is for people to
enter a public building, to reach a place, We’re trying to improve access for disabled
6 64 4 access noun ˈækses or talk to someone visitors.
money that you gain by selling things or
doing business, after your costs have She sold the business and bought a farm with
6 64 4 profit noun ˈprɒfət been paid the profits.
the process of comparing two or more In comparison to other recent video games, this
6 64 4 comparison noun kəmˈpærəsən people or things one isn’t very exciting.
a refusal to accept new ideas or The no-smoking policy was introduced with little
6 64 4 resistance noun rɪˈzɪstəns changes resistance from staff.
a lot of things of the same type that are The girls come from a variety of different
6 64 4 variety noun vəˈraɪəti different from each other in some way backgrounds.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
She suffered temporary loss of vision after
6 64 4 vision noun ˈvɪʒən the ability to see being struck on the head.
6 65 2 exceptional adj ɪkˈsepʃənəl unusually good She is an exceptional student.
Residents in the area are furious at the
6 65 2 furious adj ˈfjʊəriəs very angry decision.
6 65 2 terrified adj ˈterəfaɪd very frightened She was terrified of being caught.
in a way that produces or shows The march was bitterly opposed by local
6 65 3 bitterly adverb ˈbɪtəli feelings of great sadness or anger residents.
6 65 3 entirely adverb ɪnˈtaɪəli completely and in every possible way Her reasons were not entirely clear.
It’s practically impossible to predict what will
6 65 3 practically adverb ˈpræktɪkli almost happen.
6 65 3 pretty adverb ˈprɪti fairly or more than a little She still looks pretty miserable to me.
6 65 3 seriously adverb ˈsɪəriəsli very much or to a great degree I’m seriously worried about Ben.
something that happens or exists in
society, science, or nature, especially
something that is studied because it is
6 65 7 phenomenon noun fɪˈnɒmənən difficult to understand Homelessness is not a new phenomenon.
the medical condition of not being able
6 65 7 amnesia noun æmˈniːziə to remember anything She's suffering from amnesia.
to show that something is definitely true, New evidence has confirmed the first witness’s
6 65 7 confirmed verb kənˈfɜːm especially by providing more proof story.
reasonable and likely to be true or
6 65 7 plausible adj ˈplɔːzəbəl successful His story certainly sounds plausible.
to include a variety of different things or The show had a massive audience, ranging
6 65 7 ranged verb reɪndʒ people in addition to those mentioned from children to grandparents.
a very narrow space between two
6 65 7 crack noun kræk things or two parts of something He squeezed into a crack between two rocks.
to make food or drink go down your He swallowed the last of his coffee and asked
6 65 7 swallowing verb ˈswɒləʊ throat and towards your stomach for the bill.
a way of selling something in which The company's success was put down to the
7 68 2 hard sell noun ˌhaːd ˈsel there is a lot of pressure on you to buy hard sell.
having a lot of experience of life, and
good judgment about socially important Clarissa’s hair was swept up into a
7 68 2 sophisticated adj səˈfɪstəkeɪtəd things such as art, fashion etc sophisticated style.
I agree whole-heartedly with the mayor on this
7 68 2 wholeheartedly adverb ˌhəʊl ˈhɑːtədli involving all your feelings, interest etc issue.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
letters, especially advertisements, that
are sent by organizations to large
7 68 2 junk mail noun ˈdʒʌŋk meɪl numbers of people Forty-four percent of junk mail is never opened.
an advantage or profit that you get as a With electric cars there is a big environmental
7 68 2 payoffs noun ˈpeɪɒf result of doing something payoff.
a series of actions intended to achieve
advertising a particular result relating to politics or The company's new advertising campaign has
7 68 3 campaigns noun kæmˈpeɪn business, or a social improvement certainly caught the public's eye.
always supporting your friends, She has given many years of loyal service to
loyal
7 68 3 adj ˈlɔɪəl principles, country etc the company.
friendly agreement and understanding
7 68 3 rapport noun ræˈpɔː between people He had an excellent rapport with his patients.
the sale of goods in shops to
customers, for their own use and not for He is a manager with twenty years’ experience
7 68 3 retail noun ˈriːteɪl selling to anyone else in the retail business.
to do what you have to do or are asked Failure to comply with the regulations will result
7 69 6 comply verb kəmˈplaɪ to do in prosecution.
7 69 6 savvy noun ˈsævi practical knowledge and ability He’s obviously got a lot of political savvy.
7 69 8 passion noun ˈpæʃən a very strong liking for something Gardening was her great passion.
a liquid that you put on your skin to
7 70 3 scent noun sent make it smell pleasant She loves scents that contain vanilla.
the introduction of new ideas or We must encourage innovation if the company
7 70 3 innovation noun ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən methods is to remain competitive.
a medical condition in which you
become ill or in which your skin
becomes red and painful because you
have eaten or touched a particular
7 70 3 allergy noun ˈælədʒi substance I have an allergy to cats.
noun to hear or find out about something You’d better hope the press doesn’t get wind of
7 70 4 get wind of phrase wɪnd secret or private this.
to make someone think and behave
exactly as you want them to, by skilfully He was one of those men who manipulated
7 70 4 manipulated verb məˈnɪpjəleɪt deceiving or influencing them people.
noun His father raised no objections when John told
7 70 4 raise objections phrase əbˈdʒekʃən make an objection, complain him that he wanted to become a dancer.
used to say you admire someone very I take my hat off to Ian – without him we’d have
7 70 4 take my hat off to idiom hæt much because of what they have done never finished this project on time.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
a sweet-smelling brown substance used
for giving a special taste to cakes and
7 70 5 cinnamon noun ˈsɪnəmən other sweet foods She just loves cinnamon rolls.
a plant that has grey-green leaves and
purple flowers with a strong pleasant She planted some lavender in her back garden
7 70 5 lavender noun ˈlævəndə smell to attract the bees.
a substance used to give a special taste
to ice cream, cakes etc, made from the
7 70 5 vanilla noun vəˈnɪlə beans of a tropical plant I can’t stand the smell of vanilla - it's too strong.
7 71 2 salty adj ˈsɔːlti tasting of or containing salt These crisps are far too salty for me.
having a sharp acid taste, like the taste
of a lemon or a fruit that is not ready to
7 71 2 sour adj saʊə be eaten Rachel sampled the wine. It was sour.
having a strong sharp taste, like black Enjoy the beer’s bitter taste as you slowly drink
7 71 2 bitter adj ˈbɪtə coffee without sugar it.
having a strong pleasant taste that is
not sweet, sour, salty, or bitter,
especially like the tastes found in meat,
7 71 2 umami adj uːˈmɑːmi strong cheeses, tomatoes etc She didn’t like the umami taste very much.
a long thin green vegetable with a point We're having pasta with asparagus for dinner
7 71 2 asparagus noun əˈspærəɡəs at one end tonight.
She always puts lots of parmesan cheese on
7 71 2 parmesan cheese noun ˌpɑːməˈzæn a hard Italian cheese her pasta dishes.
avant-garde music, literature etc is
extremely modern and often seems He belongs to that group of avant-garde writers
7 71 2 avant-garde adj ˌævɒŋ ˈɡɑːd strange or slightly shocking who are pushing the boundaries.
the state of being known about by a lot
of people because of your
7 71 2 fame noun feɪm achievements He claims he is not really interested in fame.
to give someone something or allow
them to have something that they have
7 71 2 grant verb ɡrɑːnt asked for I would love to be able to grant her wish.
7 71 2 unalike adj ʌnəˈleɪk different from each other The brothers are unalike as it's possible to be.
not having the ability or skill to do a job The company's problems can be put down to
7 71 2 incompetent adj ɪnˈkɒmpətənt properly incompetent management.
He seemed incapable of understanding how
7 71 2 incapable adj ɪnˈkeɪpəbəl not able to do something she felt.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
not using time, money, energy etc in the
7 71 2 inefficient adj ˌɪnəˈfɪʃənt best way Local government was inefficient.
to believe or admit that someone has a
7 71 2 credited verb ˈkredət quality, or has done something good Evans is credited with inventing the system.
Dad started going bald when he was in his
7 71 6 bald adj bɔːld having little or no hair on your head thirties.
without enough money to pay what you The firm went bankrupt before the building work
7 71 6 bankrupt adj ˈbæŋkrʌpt owe was completed.
physically unable to hear anything or
7 71 6 deaf adj def unable to hear well I think Mum’s going a bit deaf.
if a situation goes downhill, it gets Grandma fell and broke her leg, and she went
7 71 6 downhill adverb ˌdaʊnˈhɪl worse downhill quite rapidly after that.
unable to control your behaviour or
emotions because you are very upset,
7 71 6 hysterical adj hɪˈsterɪkəl afraid, excited etc Janet became hysterical and began screaming.
7 71 6 mad adj mæd crazy or very silly I’d go mad if I was stuck at home all day.
covered with a soft green, grey, or black
substance that grows on food which has
been kept too long, and on objects that
7 71 6 mouldy adj ˈməʊldi are warm and wet I'm afraid the bread has gone mouldy.
phrasal if food goes off, it becomes too bad to
7 71 6 go off verb ˈgəʊ ɒf eat The milk's gone off.
7 71 7 deteriorated verb dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt to become worse Her health has deteriorated.
to damage something or make it not as The illness had impaired his ability to think and
7 71 7 impair verb ɪmˈpeə good as it should be concentrate.
a simple type of plant that has no
leaves or flowers and that grows on
plants or other surfaces. mushrooms The bread looks terrible. It's got some kind of
7 71 7 fungus noun ˈfʌŋɡəs and mould are both fungi. fungus all over it.
a sum of money that a person or
7 71 7 debts noun det organization owes She had debts of over £100,000.
someone who owns shares in a Shareholders have been told to expect an even
7 71 7 shareholders noun ˈʃeəˌhəʊldə company or business lower result next year.
to be the thing that makes someone or The factor that distinguishes this company from
7 71 7 distinguished verb dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ something different or special the competition is customer service.
a thick white sauce, made of raw egg
yolks and oil, often eaten on She puts mayonnaise on everything - even
7 71 7 mayonnaise noun ˌmeɪəˈneɪz sandwiches or salad roast beef!

Part of Definition
Example sentence
so nervous or upset that you are unable
7 71 7 agitated adj ˈædʒəteɪtəd to keep still or think calmly Amanda was getting visibly agitated.
to tell someone legally that they must They were unable to pay the rent, and were
7 72 7 evicts verb ɪˈvɪkt leave the house they are living in evicted from their home.
for the same reasons – used when you
want to say that something else is also
true, especially something very different I realise he hasn't come up with any new ideas,
7 72 4 by the same token adj seɪm or surprising but by the same token we haven't needed any.
if something tends to happen, it
happens often and is likely to happen
7 72 4 tended verb tend again My car tends to overheat in the summer.
a possible future effect or result of an
7 72 4 implications noun ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən action, event, decision etc What are the implications of these proposals?
to communicate or express something, All this information can be conveyed in a simple
7 72 4 convey verb kənˈveɪ with or without using words diagram..
a short low sound that a person or
7 72 4 grunt noun ɡrʌnt animal makes in their throat Chris gave a grunt and went back to sleep.
7 72 4 growl noun ɡraʊl deep angry sound The dog let out a menacing growl.
The mouse's high-pitched squeak alerted her to
7 72 4 squeak noun skwiːk a very short high noise or cry its presence in the room.
When I return home, the wag of my dog's tail is
7 72 4 wag noun wæɡ the side to side movement of a dog's tail a pleasing sight.
to develop and change gradually over a The idea evolved from work done by British
evolved
7 72 4 verb ɪˈvɒlv long period of time scientists.
a type of animal that drinks milk from its
7 72 4 mammals noun ˈmæməl mother’s body when it is young Humans, dogs, and whales are mammals.
The cost of transport is a major expense for an
industry. Hence factory location is an important
7 72 4 hence adverb hens for this reason consideration.
to make someone less angry or stop
them from attacking you by giving them They attempted to appease international
7 72 7 appeasing verb əˈpiːz what they want opposition by promising to hold talks.
if you retract something that you said or He confessed to the murder but later retracted
7 72 7 retracting verb rɪˈtrækt agreed, you say that you did not mean it his statement.
not easy to notice or understand unless The sauce had a subtly different taste from the
7 72 7 subtly adverb ˈsʌtli you pay careful attention previous one.
to understand or think of something or Often what is perceived to be aggression is
7 73 4 perceive verb pəˈsiːv someone in a particular way simply fear.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
the use of symbols to represent ideas or
7 73 4 symbolism noun ˈsɪmbəlɪzəm qualities The song is full of symbolism.
a story, name, word etc that is made-up
7 73 4 made-up adj ˈmeɪd ʌp is not true or real She used a made-up name.
based on a situation that is not real, but Brennan brought up a hypothetical case to
7 73 4 hypothetical adj ˌhaɪpəˈθetɪkəl that might happen make his point.
to happen in a particular way, or to have
phrasal a particular result, especially one that It was a difficult time, but eventually things
7 73 4 it turns out verb ˈtɜːn aʊt you did not expect turned out all right.
someone’s version of an event is their
description of it, when this is different
from the description given by another Could Donna’s version of what happened that
7 73 4 version noun ˈvɜːʃən person night be correct?
a hard dry type of bread in small flat She offered cheese and crackers at the end of
7 73 4 cracker noun ˈkrækə shapes, that is often eaten with cheese the meal.
the number of radio waves, sound
waves etc that pass any point per This station broadcasts on three different
7 73 4 frequencies noun ˈfriːkwənsi second frequencies.
behaving in an angry threatening way,
as if you want to fight or attack Teachers apparently expect a certain amount of
7 73 4 aggressive adj əˈɡresɪv someone aggressive behaviour from boys.
angry and deliberately unfriendly
towards someone, and ready to argue Carr wouldn’t meet Feng’s stare, which was
7 73 4 hostile adj ˈhɒstaɪl with them openly hostile.
polite behaviour that shows that you
respect someone and are therefore
willing to accept their opinions or Lewis was annoyed that Adam did not show
7 73 4 deference noun ˈdefərəns judgment enough respect and deference to him.
to become or to make something
7 73 4 shrinks verb ʃrɪŋk smaller in amount, size, or value The city continued to shrink.
7 73 4 cavity noun ˈkævəti a hole or space inside something Put herbs inside the body cavity of the fish.
a meaning etc that is slightly different There is room in the Democratic Party for many
7 73 4 shades noun ʃeɪd from other ones shades of opinion.
7 73 4 saltpetre noun ˌsɔːltˈpiːtə a substance used in making gunpowder The recipe uses saltpetre and sugar.
7 73 4 sherbet noun ˈʃɜːbət a powder that is eaten as a sweet As a child, she used to love sherbet sweets.
The lusciousness of the cream pudding ended
7 73 4 lusciousness noun ˈlʌʃəsnəs the quality of having a delicious taste the meal beautifully,

Part of Definition
Example sentence
promotional films, events etc advertise They made a promotional video to send to
promotional
7 74 6 adj prəˈməʊʃənəl something potential sponsors.
to give money to a sports event,
sponsoring theatre, institution etc, especially in The competition was sponsored by British
7 74 6 verb ˈspɒnsə exchange for the right to advertise Airways.
something that someone expects or
imposition asks you to do for them, which is not I know it’s an imposition, but could I use your
7 75 2 noun ˌɪmpəˈzɪʃən convenient for you bathroom?
used to say that something will happen
or be true if something else does not Unless some extra money is found, the theatre
7 75 3 unless conjunction ʌnˈles, happen or is not true will close.
used when saying what bad thing will
otherwise
7 75 3 adverb ˈʌðəwaɪz happen if something is not done Put your coat on, otherwise you’ll get cold.
used to say that something will only be
possible if something else happens or is He can come with us, provided he pays for his
7 75 3 provided conjunction prəˈvaɪdəd done own meals.
used when talking about a possible
condition or situation, and then
7 75 3 supposing verb səˈpəʊzɪŋ imagining the result Supposing it really is a fire!
as a way of being safe from something
7 75 3 in case of noun keɪs that might happen or might be true Take an umbrella in case it rains.
to make it possible for someone to Some children are never exposed to classical
7 76 1 exposed verb ɪkˈspəʊz experience new ideas, ways of life etc music.
if something or someone lives up to a
particular standard or promise, they do
phrasal as well as they were expected to, do The film has certainly lived up to my
7 76 1 live up to verb ˈlɪv ʌp tə what they promised etc expectations.
someone who answers questions, Only 62 percent of respondents said they were
7 76 2 respondent noun rɪˈspɒndənt especially in a survey satisfied.
a remark or action that is offensive or
7 76 2 insult noun ɪnˈsʌlt deliberately rude She was shouting insults at her boyfriend.
a contradiction in terms is a
combination of words that seem to be
the opposite of each other, with the
result that the phrase has no clear Permanent revolution’ is a contradiction in
7 76 2 contradiction noun ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkʃən meaning terms.
Notwithstanding differences, there are clear
7 76 2 notwithstanding adverb ˌnɒtwɪθˈstændɪŋ in spite of something similarities in all of the world’s religions.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to talk to someone in a way which
seems friendly but shows that you think
they are not as intelligent or do not The program focuses on kids’ interests without
7 76 2 patronised verb ˈpætrənaɪz know as much as you patronising them.
to formally ask someone to write an
official report, produce a work of art for The report was commissioned by the Welsh
7 76 4 commissioned verb kəˈmɪʃən you etc Office.
a way of selling products to people in
which you telephone people to see if
7 76 4 telemarketing noun ˌteliˈmɑːkətɪŋ they want to buy something He works for a telemarketing company.
something that is given away free, She has an amazing ability to find all the
especially something that a shop gives promotional items and giveaways in town and
7 76 4 giveaways noun ˈɡɪvəweɪ you when you buy a product saves a fortune.
an amount of money that is given to
someone by an educational
organization to help pay for their
7 77 1 scholarship noun ˈskɒləʃɪp education She won a scholarship to Iowa State University.
the crime of stealing things from shops,
for example by hiding them in a bag or She had been falsely accused of shoplifting in a
7 77 1 shoplifting noun ˈʃɒpˌlɪftɪŋ under your clothes clothing store.
the ability to understand other people’s
7 77 2 empathy noun ˈempəθi feelings and problems She had great empathy with people.
the state of being able to have or do
7 77 3 overindulgence noun əʊvərɪnˈdʌldʒəns anything you want Her overindulgence has led to huge debts.
She always carried a guidebook with her when
8 78 3 guidebook noun ˈɡaɪdbʊk a book about a city, country etc she travelled.
information from a computer that is
printed out onto paper, or the printed
8 78 3 hard copy noun ˈhɑːd ˌkɒpi papers themselves I always keep hard copies of the invoices.
the process of printing a book, She was in England for the publication of her
8 79 5 publication noun ˌpʌbləˈkeɪʃən magazine etc and offering it for sale new book.
a musical instrument with four strings, She learnt to play the ukelele when she was at
8 79 5 ukelele noun ˌjuːkəˈleɪli like a small guitar school.
8 79 9 moonlight noun ˈmuːnlaɪt the light of the moon The water looked silver in the moonlight.
8 80 1 respectful adj rɪˈspektfəl feeling or showing respect They listened in respectful silence.
admired by many people because of He’s one of the most respected managers in the
8 80 1 respected adj rɪˈspektəd your good work or achievements game.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
if you are aware that a situation exists, The children are aware of the danger of taking
8 80 1 aware adj əˈweə you realize or know that it exists drugs.
knowledge or understanding of a Health officials have tried to raise awareness
8 80 1 awareness noun əˈweənəs particular subject or situation about AIDS.
The city offers an appealing combination of
8 80 1 appealing adj əˈpiːlɪŋ attractive or interesting sporting and cultural events.
a good knowledge of a particular In fact his familiarity with the Bronx was pretty
8 80 1 familiarity noun fəˌmɪliˈærəti subject or place limited.
someone or something that is familiar is
well-known to you and easy to
8 80 1 familiar adj fəˈmɪliə recognize The voice on the phone sounded familiar.
to make someone remember someone
that they know or something that
8 80 1 remind verb rɪˈmaɪnd happened in the past That song always reminds me of our first date.
something that makes you notice, Occasional bursts of gunfire are a reminder that
8 80 1 reminder noun rɪˈmaɪndə remember, or think about something the rebels are still active.
an object that you buy or keep to
remind yourself of a special occasion or I bought a model of the Eiffel Tower as a
8 80 3 souvenirs noun ˌsuːvəˈnɪə a place you have visited souvenir of Paris.
relating to your spirit rather than to your
8 80 3 spiritual adj ˈspɪrətʃuəl body or mind Painting helps fill a spiritual need for beauty.
an image of a person or animal that is
made in solid material such as stone or Churchill’s statue stands outside the parliament
8 80 3 statues noun ˈstætʃuː metal and is usually large building.
someone who thinks they are better I don’t want to sound like a snob, but I thought
8 80 3 snob noun snɒb than people from a lower social class she was vulgar.
objects, films etc that are cheap and
unfashionable, and which often amuse Her house was filled with large amounts of
8 80 3 kitsch noun kɪtʃ people because of this kitsch.
a hard sweet made of boiled sugar on a
8 80 3 lolly noun ˈlɒli stick The child put the lolly in her mouth.
a picture showing an area of The old lady has a landscape by a famous artist
8 80 3 landscape noun ˈlændskeɪp countryside or land hanging on her wall.
wood floating in the sea or left on the He used to collect driftwood and then make
8 80 3 driftwood noun ˈdrɪftwʊd shore fantastic sculptures out of it.
when you make an impulse purchase,
you buy something you had not planned She always came home with bags full of
8 81 5 impulse purchase noun ˈɪmpʌls to buy impulse purchases.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
phrasal to have to deal with something difficult The rescue team also had bad weather
8 83 2 contend with verb kənˈtend wɪð or unpleasant conditions to contend with.
not at all interested in someone or Sarah was absolutely indifferent to him, and it
8 83 2 indifferent adj ɪnˈdɪfərənt something hurt.
used to emphasize that something is The Eiffel Tower is unquestionably one of
8 83 2 unquestionably adverb ʌnˈkwestʃənəbli certainly true Paris’s most familiar landmarks.
someone who enters another country to
8 83 2 immigrants noun ˈɪməɡrənt live there permanently The city attracts many immigrants.
noun used to show you are giving your The Internet, to my mind, represents information
8 83 2 to my mind phrase maɪnd opinion about something exchange at its best.
to help a plan, idea, feeling etc to European union is an ideal that has been
8 83 2 nurture verb ˈnɜːtʃə develop nurtured since the post-war years.
the state of not reacting to or being
involved in something in an emotional He felt a sense of detachment from what was
8 83 2 detachment noun dɪˈtætʃmənt way happening around him.
of no noun
8 83 2 consequence phrase ˈkɒnsəkwəns not very important or valuable Your opinion is of no consequence to me.
frightening in a way that makes you feel He’s got the daunting task of following in
8 83 2 daunting prospect adj ˈdɔːntɪŋ less confident Ferguson’s footsteps.
full of energy and new ideas, and It's such a dynamic company that we all feel
8 83 2 dynamic adj daɪˈnæmɪk determined to succeed inspired.
without being affected or influenced by The law required equal treatment for all,
8 83 2 regardless of adverb rɪˈɡɑːdləs something regardless of race, religion, or sex.
to eagerly accept a new idea, opinion, We hope these regions will embrace democratic
8 83 2 embrace verb ɪmˈbreɪs religion etc reforms.
She has a cute way of looking at you while
8 83 2 cute adj kjuːt very pretty or attractive she's speaking.
to make someone decide to do
8 83 2 prompt verb prɒmpt something What prompted you to buy that suit?
an expatriate, is someone who lives in a
8 83 2 expat noun ˌeksˈpæt foreign country They are now expats living in Spain.
if someone or something blends in with
phrasal people or objects, they match them or The old house blends in perfectly with the
8 83 2 blend in verb ˈblend ɪn are similar, and you do not notice them countryside.
doing something in a very determined
way because you have very strong
8 83 2 resolutely adverb ˈrezəluːtli beliefs, aims etc Mia resolutely refused to talk about her illness.
8 83 2 transient adj ˈtrænziənt continuing only for a short time The city has a very transient population.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to make a difficult situation worse by Helmut’s problems were compounded by his
8 83 2 compounding verb kəmˈpaʊnd adding more problems lack of concentration.
if something reaches a peak, it is at its
best, greatest, highest, most successful
8 84 1 reach a peak noun piːk etc The traffic reaches a peak between 5 and 6 pm
A wide base will make the structure much more
8 84 1 remain stable adj steɪbəl steady and not likely to move or change stable.
to develop or increase more quickly
than someone or something else and
become more successful, more Television soon overtook the cinema as the
8 84 1 overtook verb ˌəʊvəˈteɪk important, or more advanced than them most popular form of entertainment.
the process of becoming less, or the
amount by which something becomes There has been a steady decrease of
8 84 1 decrease noun ˈdiːkriːs less temperature.
The island’s population initially numbered 180,
decline a decrease in the quality, quantity, or but there was a gradual decline until only 40
8 84 5 noun dɪˈklaɪn importance of something people were left.
Some workers can only afford homes outside
metropolitan
8 84 5 adj ˌmetrəˈpɒlətən relating or belonging to a very large city metropolitan areas.
the process of leaving your own country Emigration has been a serious population for
8 84 6 emigration noun ˌeməˈɡreɪʃən in order to live in another country the small island.
the process of entering another country He called for a common European policy on
8 84 6 immigration noun ˌɪməˈɡreɪʃən in order to live there permanently immigration.
to tell someone what you think they
should do, especially when you know
8 85 1 advise verb ədˈvaɪz more than they do about something Evans advised him to leave London.
to advise someone to do something,
especially because you have special I recommend that you get some professional
8 85 1 recommend verb ˌrekəˈmend knowledge of a situation or subject advice.
to tell someone your ideas about what
they should do, where they should go Her mother suggested that she should go and
8 85 1 suggest verb səˈdʒest etc see the doctor.
to strongly suggest that someone does He urged that a referendum should be held by
8 85 1 urge verb ɜːdʒ something December.
to say that you believe someone is
guilty of a crime or of doing something
8 85 2 accused verb əˈkjuːz bad He was accused of murder.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to say that you have done something A quarter of all workers admit to taking time off
8 85 2 admitted verb ədˈmɪt wrong, especially something criminal when they are not ill.
to officially tell people about something, They announced their engagement in ‘The
8 85 2 announced verb əˈnaʊns especially about a plan or a decision Times’.
to say or think that someone or
something is responsible for something The report blames poor safety standards for the
8 85 2 blamed verb bleɪm bad accident.
to ask someone to come to a party, Gail invited me to stay with her while her
8 85 2 invited verb ɪnˈvaɪt wedding, meal etc husband was out of town.
to feel or say that you oppose or
8 85 2 objected verb əbˈdʒekt disapprove of something I objected to having to rewrite the article.
to allow something to happen,
especially by an official decision, rule, As a punishment, she was not permitted to
8 85 2 permitted verb pəˈmɪt or law attend any school activities.
to tell someone that something bad or
dangerous may happen, so that they Salmon farmers are warning of the severe crisis
8 85 2 warned verb wɔːn can avoid it or prevent it facing the industry.
someone who sees a crime or an
accident and can describe what Police have appealed for witnesses to come
8 85 2 witness noun ˈwɪtnəs happened forward.
to make someone feel calmer and less
worried or frightened about a problem He tried to reassure me that my mother would
8 85 4 reassured verb ˌriːəˈʃʊə or situation be okay.
to give someone the courage or Cooder was encouraged to begin playing the
8 85 4 encouraged verb ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ confidence to do something guitar by his father.
to say firmly and often that something is
true, especially when other people think His friends insisted he had no connection with
8 87 1 insisted verb ɪnˈsɪst it may not be true drugs.
someone who goes to live in another
area or country, especially in order to
8 87 3 migrant workers noun ˈmaɪɡrənt find work A lot of factory work is done by migrant workers.
special treatment to help people stop
8 87 3 detox noun ˈdiːtɒks drinking alcohol or taking drugs She spent a month in detox.
if people flock to a place, they go there
in large numbers because something
interesting or exciting is happening
8 87 3 flock verb flɒk there People have been flocking to the exhibition.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
if people assimilate, or are assimilated
into a country or group, they become
part of that group and are accepted by Refugees find it difficult to become assimilated
8 87 4 assimilate verb əˈsɪməleɪt, the people in that group into the community.
the education and care that you are
given as a child, and the way it affects There is an ongoing debate about nature versus
9 88 1 nurture noun ˈnɜːtʃə your later development and attitudes nurture.
to not happen according to the A 16-week premature baby defied the odds and
9 88 3 defied verb dɪˈfaɪ principles you would expect survived.
difficult to imagine and very big,
9 88 3 mind-boggling adj ˈmaind ˌbɒglɪŋ strange, or complicated It's a problem of mind-boggling complexity.
to look at something or someone for a
long time without moving your eyes, for
example because you are surprised,
9 88 3 stare verb steə angry, or bored She stared at me in disbelief.
the place where something is or where
something happens, and the general
9 88 3 setting noun ˈsetɪŋ environment Cyprus is the perfect setting for a beach holiday.
without looking at or thinking about
9 88 3 fixedly adverb ˈfɪksədli, anything else Ann stared fixedly at the screen.
used to emphasize a negative
9 88 3 whatsoever adverb ˌwɒtsəʊˈevə statement He’s had no luck whatsoever.
damage to someone’s brain caused by Potts suffered severe brain damage in the
9 89 6 brain damage noun ˈbreɪn ˌdæmɪdʒ an accident or illness crash.
a difficult problem that is fun trying to I enjoy doing the brainteasers that you find in
9 89 6 brainteaser noun ˈbreinˌtiːzə solve the newspaper.
They went to see someone who said he was a
someone who knows what someone mind reader, but he couldn’t tell me what I was
9 89 6 mind reader noun ˈmaind ˌriːdə else is thinking without being told thinking.
if you have a brainstorm, you are
suddenly unable to think clearly or
9 89 6 brainstorm noun ˈbreɪnstɔːm sensibly I must have had a brainstorm that afternoon.
to make someone believe something
that is not true, by using force,
brainwash
confusing them, or continuously Young people are being brainwashed by this
9 89 6 verb ˈbreɪnwɒʃ repeating it over a long period of time religious group.
I’ve had a brainwave! Let’s go this weekend
brainwave
9 89 6 noun ˈbreɪnweɪv a sudden clever idea instead.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
a movement of highly skilled or
professional people from their own
brain drain
country to a country where they can In the sixties there was a brain drain from the
9 89 6 noun ˈbreɪn dreɪn earn more money UK to America of scientists.
a process in which detailed
photographs of the inside of your brain After the hit on his head he had to have a brain
9 89 6 brain scan noun ˈbreɪn skæn are taken and examined by a doctor scan to check there was no internal damage.
an idea, plan, organization etc that
brainchild someone has thought of without any
9 89 6 noun ˈbreɪntʃaɪld help from anyone else The festival was the brainchild of Reeves.
cryptic having a meaning that is mysterious or
9 89 7 crosswords adj ˈkrɪptɪk not easily understood He loves doing cryptic crosswords.
an extremely bad headache, during
migraines which you feel sick and have pain I won’t be coming this evening – I’ve got a
9 89 7 noun ˈmiːɡreɪn behind your eyes migraine.
verb used to tell someone not to worry or be ‘We haven’t done very well, have we?’ ‘Never
never mind
9 89 8 phrase maɪnd upset about something mind. At least we tried.’
to remember a fact or piece of
bear that in mind verb information that is important or could be
9 89 8 phrase beə useful in the future Bear in mind that some children will need help.
if you tell someone to mind their
mind your
noun language, you ask them to stop using Mind your language when you're talking to the
language
9 89 8 phrase ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ bad language children, she told them.
used when saying something that is
almost the opposite of what you have
mind you
verb just said, or that explains or emphasizes He looks very young in this photo. Mind you, it
9 89 8 phrase maɪnd it was taken years ago.
phrasal if a group of people pull together, they
pulling together
9 90 2 verb ˈpʊl təˌgeðə all work hard to achieve something If we all pull together, we’ll finish on time.
the quality of being good at leading a She has great faith in her own leadership
leadership
9 90 2 noun ˈliːdəʃɪp group, organization, country etc qualities.
9 90 2 collaboratively adverb kəˈlæbərətɪvli working together with other people We had to solve the problem collaboratively.
wide sticky grey tape used in household She used some duct tape to temporarily repair
duct tape
9 90 2 noun ˈdʌkt teɪp repairs the pipe near the sink.
a place to live, considered as one of the
shelter
9 90 2 noun ˈʃeltə basic needs of life They are in need of food and shelter.
to disagree with someone in words,
arguing
9 90 4 verb ˈɑːɡjuː often in an angry way We could hear the neighbours arguing.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
Cycling is highly beneficial to health and the
9 90 5 beneficial adj ˌbenəˈfɪʃəl having a good effect environment.
a kind of corn that swells and bursts
popcorn open when heated, and is usually eaten They bought some popcorn to take into the
9 91 5 noun ˈpɒpkɔːn warm with salt or sugar as a snack cinema.
worried and embarrassed about what
self-conscious you look like or what other people think
9 91 5 adj ˌself ˈkɒnʃəs of you Jerry’s pretty self-conscious about his weight.
a thin piece of material, like string, that
shoelaces goes through holes in the front of your
9 92 2 noun ˈʃuːleɪs shoes and is used to fasten them Roger bent to tie his shoelace.
A child who is weak in visual perceptions can be
auditory helped to use auditory and verbal skills to
3 92 4 adj ˈɔːdətəri relating to the ability to hear comprehend other children.
if an idea, plan etc crystallizes or is
crystallised crystallized, it becomes very clear in
3 92 4 verb ˈkrɪstəlaɪz your mind Inside her a thought was crystallizing.
3 92 4 fragmented adj fræɡˈmentəd broken into a lot of small separate parts Society today seems to be very fragmented.
a period of time, especially during the
night, when you stay awake in order to
vigils
pray, remain with someone who is ill, or Eva and Paul kept a constant vigil by their
3 92 4 noun ˈvɪdʒəl watch for danger daughter’s hospital bedside.
willingness to consider new ideas or
receptivity
3 92 4 noun ˌriːsepˈtɪvəti listen to someone else’s opinions Their receptivity to her ideas was encouraging.
an important new discovery in
something you are studying, especially Scientists have made a major breakthrough in
3 92 4 breakthrough noun ˈbreɪkθruː one made after trying for a long time the treatment of cancer.
the branch of psychology that deals with
the nervous system, especially the
neuropsychologist
ˌnjʊrəʊ saɪ brain, and functions such as language, His work as a neuropsychologist has earned
3 92 4 noun ˈkɒlədʒəst memory, and perception him great respect.
happening or coming after something These skills were passed on to subsequent
subsequent
3 92 4 adj ˈsʌbsəkwənt else generations.
to become firmly stuck somewhere, or
lodged
3 92 4 verb lɒdʒ to make something become stuck The fishbone lodged in her throat.
to combine separate things into a He synthesised the landscape and the garden
synthesised
3 92 4 verb ˈsɪnθəsaɪz complete whole plot.
3 92 4 malfunctioning verb mælˈfʌŋkʃən not to work or operate as it should A warning light seems to have malfunctioned.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
the process of discovering exactly what
diagnosis is wrong with someone or something, An exact diagnosis can only be obtained by
9 93 2 noun ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsəs by examining them closely obtaining a blood sample.
groundbreaking work involves making
groundbreaking new discoveries, using new methods They are doing groundbreaking research to find
9 93 2 adj ˈɡraʊndˌbreɪkɪŋ etc a cure for cancer.
The salaries are dismally low compared to what
dismally
9 93 2 adverb ˈdɪzməli really badly we have been used to.
to plan or invent a new way of doing She devised a method for quicker
devised
9 93 2 verb dɪˈvaɪz something communications between offices.
a card with a word or picture on it, used Parents can use flashcards to help their children
flashcards
9 93 2 noun ˈflæʃkɑːd in teaching read.
They have set up a new literacy campaign in
literacy
9 93 2 noun ˈlɪtərəsi the state of being able to read and write the town.
the ability to do calculations and His numeracy skills were not as good as his
numeracy
9 93 2 noun ˈnjuːmərəsi understand simple mathematics literacy ones.
a state in which you feel confused and
fog
9 93 2 noun fɒɡ cannot think clearly My mind was in a fog.
It's important to creating a stimulating
stimulating
9 93 2 adj ˈstɪmjəleɪtɪŋ making you feel more active atmosphere in the classroom.
9 93 2 exhaustion noun ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən extreme tiredness He collapsed with exhaustion.
to form a particular opinion after From the way he behaved, I figured that he was
figured
9 93 2 verb ˈfɪɡə thinking about a situation drunk.
completely new and different, especially
revolutionary in a way that leads to great The new cancer drug is a revolutionary
9 93 2 adj ˌrevəˈluːʃənəri improvements breakthrough.
to replace or balance the effect of Because my left eye is so weak, my right eye
9 93 2 compensating verb ˈkɒmpənseɪt something bad has to work harder to compensate.
a statement or idea that you accept as
premise true and use as a base for developing The idea that there is life on other planets is the
9 93 2 noun ˈpreməs other ideas central premise of the novel.
a combination of things or people that
mismatches do not work well together or are not A mismatch between worker and workstation
9 93 2 noun ˈmɪsmætʃ suitable for each other can lead to repetitive strain injuries.
phrasal to decide that someone or something is After six months of work, we eventually wrote
written off
9 93 2 verb raɪt ɒf useless, unimportant, or a failure the project off as a non-starter.
memory like a noun if you have a memory like a sieve, you I'm sorry, I have a memory like a sieve. I forgot
9 94 1 sieve phrase ˈmeməri forget things very easily you were coming today!

Part of Definition
Example sentence
likely to forget things, especially
absent-minded because you are thinking about Grandad’s been getting rather absent-minded
9 94 1 adj ˌæbsənt ˈmaɪndəd something else lately.
a foolish action, remark etc is stupid
foolish and shows that someone is not thinking
9 94 4 adj ˈfuːlɪʃ sensibly I was foolish enough to believe him.
likely to do something or suffer from
prone something, especially something bad or
9 95 1 adj prəʊn harmful He's prone to say something embarrassing.
being the thing that makes someone or The distinguishing factor is definitely the
distinguishing
9 95 1 adj dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃɪŋ something different or special company's customer service.
to make something that is spoken or
written shorter, by not giving as much
condense
detail or using fewer words to give the This whole chapter could be condensed into a
9 95 1 verb kənˈdens same information few paragraphs.
to try to get as much as you can out of a The violence was blamed on thugs exploiting
exploited
9 95 1 verb ɪkˈsplɔɪt situation, sometimes unfairly the situation.
to ask someone questions about
something that they have just said, to
cross-examining
see if they are telling the truth,
9 95 1 verb ˌkrɒs ɪgˈzæmən especially in a court of law He broke down under cross-examination.
phrasal to leave a school or university before
drop out of
9 95 4 verb ˈddrɒp aʊt your course has finished Bill dropped out of college after his first year.
to stop yourself from having something
resisted that you like very much or doing
9 96 1 verb rɪˈzɪst something that you want to do I just can’t resist chocolate.
to officially arrange to join a school,
enrol university, or course, or to arrange for
9 96 1 verb ɪnˈrəʊl someone else to do this I decided to enrol for ‘Art for Beginners’.
tricks of the trade are clever methods
tricks of the trade
9 96 5 noun trɪk used in a particular job John knew all the tricks of the trade.
if someone is as bright as a button, they
bright as a button
9 97 1 adj braɪt are very intelligent and full of energy My niece is as bright as a button.
having a natural ability to do one or
gifted
9 97 1 adj ˈɡɪftəd more things extremely well She was an extremely gifted poet.
9 97 1 staggering adj ˈstæɡərɪŋ extremely great or surprising The cost was a staggering $10 million.
to take a number or an amount from a
subtract
9 97 1 verb səbˈtrækt larger number or amount If you subtract 30 from 45, you get 15.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to not do something that you usually do
skip
9 97 1 verb skɪp or that you should do She skipped lunch in order to go shopping.
9 97 2 legendary adj ˈledʒəndəri very famous and admired Her singing was legendary.
one of the foods that you use to make a
ingredients
9 97 2 noun ɪnˈɡriːdiənt particular food or dish Combine all the ingredients in a large bowl.
unusual, especially in an interesting
quirky
9 97 3 adj ˈkwɜːki way I like his quirky sense of humour.
to give special attention to one
focused particular person or thing, or to make
10 98 2 verb ˈfəʊkəs people do this He needs to focus more on his career.
reasonable, practical, and showing It’s sensible to keep a note of your passport
sensible
10 98 2 adj ˈsensəbəl good judgment number.
willing to try anything and expect that it He has a wonderful can-do attitude towards
can-do
10 98 2 adj ˌkæn ˈduː will work work.
the ability to understand or know
intuition something because of a feeling rather
10 98 2 noun ˌɪntjuˈɪʃən than by considering the facts Intuition told her it was unwise to argue.
knowledge gained over a long period of We have benefited from the collected wisdom of
wisdom
10 98 3 noun ˈwɪzdəm time through learning or experience many centuries.
money that you receive as payment
salaries from the organization you work for, The average salary for a teacher is $39,000 a
10 99 6 noun ˈsæləri usually paid to you every month year.
an advantage, improvement, or help
benefits
10 99 6 noun ˈbenəfɪt that you get from something I never had the benefit of a university education.
when you stop working, usually He became a keen golfer after his retirement
retirement
10 99 6 noun rɪˈtaɪəmənt because of your age from politics.
10 99 6 bothered verb ˈbɒðə to make the effort to do something He didn’t bother to answer the question.
feeling that something is as good as it
satisfied should be, or that something has
10 99 6 adj ˈsætəsfaɪd happened in the way that you want They have plenty of satisfied customers.
the ability to understand a situation only With hindsight, I should have seen the warning
hindsight
10 99 6 noun ˈhaɪndsaɪt after it has happened signs.
two people who are married or having a Many newly married couples cannot afford to
couple
10 100 1 noun ˈkʌpəl sexual or romantic relationship buy their own homes.
phrasal to plan carefully how something will Her own future had been mapped out for her by
mapped out
10 100 1 verb ˈmæp aʊt happen wealthy and adoring parents.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
someone whose job is to help other
people be successful in their lives. A life
coach helps his or her client to be clear
life coach
about what they want to do in the future
and helps them to make a plan that will She used the services of a life coach to turn her
10 100 2 noun ˈlaɪf kəʊtʃ allow them to achieve their aims. life around.
to delay doing something or to arrange
to do something at a later time or date,
put off
phrasal especially because there is a problem The match has been put off until tomorrow
10 101 1 verb ˈpʊt ɒf or you do not want to do it now because of bad weather.
10 101 1 specific adj spəˈsɪfɪk detailed and exact Mr Howarth gave us very specific instructions.
In this business we don't have easily
measurable
10 101 1 adj ˈmeʒərəbəl able to be measured measurable goals.
a drawing that uses a line or lines to
graph show how two or more sets of
10 101 1 noun ɡrɑːf measurements are related to each other Martin showed me a graph of their recent sales.
10 101 1 achievable adj əˈtʃiːvəbəl able to be achieved The targets are all quite achievable.
something that you are trying to
targets achieve, such as a total, an amount, or The government may fail to meet its target of
10 101 1 noun ˈtɑːɡət, a time recycling 25% of domestic waste.
someone’s character, especially the Unfortunately, the illness can lead to changes in
personality
10 101 4 noun ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti way they behave towards other people personality.
phrasal to reduce the number of things included The police have narrowed down their list of
narrow down
10 101 6 verb ˈnærəʊ daʊn in a range suspects.
to reach an agreement in which
everyone involved accepts less than She admitted that she was unable to
10 101 6 compromise verb ˈkɒmprəmaɪz what they wanted at first compromise.
the planting and growing of plants and Terraces for rice cultivation covered the
cultivation
10 102 3 noun ˌkʌltəˈveɪʃən crops hillsides.
to make a problem or subject easy to Your résumé should highlight your skills and
highlights
10 102 3 verb ˈhaɪlaɪt notice so that people pay attention to it achievements.
a thing, place, activity etc that you get
source
10 102 3 noun sɔːs something from Beans are a very good source of protein.
to find a satisfactory way of dealing with Barnet was desperate for money to resolve his
resolved
10 102 3 verb rɪˈzɒlv a problem or difficulty financial problems.
produced by combining different
synthetic artificial substances, rather than being
10 102 4 adj sɪnˈθetɪk naturally produced I cannot wear synthetic materials.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
always wanting more and more of
10 102 5 insatiable adj ɪnˈseɪʃəbəl something He has an insatiable appetite for power.
the final result of a meeting, discussion,
war etc – used especially when no one
outcome
knows what it will be until it actually It was impossible to predict the outcome of the
10 102 5 noun ˈaʊtkʌm happens election.
radical ideas are very new and different,
radical and are against what most people think
10 103 2 adj ˈrædɪkəl or believe He has put forward some very radical ideas.
The farmers are in the fields harvesting the
harvesting
10 103 2 verb ˈhɑːvəst to gather crops from the fields potato crop.
She found some interesting small animals
seaweed
10 103 2 noun ˈsiːwiːd a plant that grows in the sea among the seaweed.
The air is sweet, the land is good, timber is
plentiful
10 103 2 adj ˈplentɪfəl more than enough in quantity plentiful and the fishing is excellent.
the way that a particular type of food The advertisement is aimed primarily at
10 103 2 texture noun ˈtekstʃə feels in your mouth children.
phrasal to make you dislike something or not Don’t let the restaurant’s decor put you off – the
put off
10 103 2 verb ˈpʊt ɒf want to do something food is really good.
forming the greatest or most important They live on a staple diet of rice and
staple
10 103 2 adj ˈsteɪpəl part of something vegetables.
to add something, especially to what
you earn or eat, in order to increase it to Kia supplements her regular salary by tutoring
10 103 2 supplement verb ˈsʌpləmənt an acceptable level in the evenings.
I prefer to have coffee made from fresh beans
granules
10 103 2 noun ˈɡrænjuːl a small hard piece of something rather than using instant granules.
10 103 2 consumes verb kənˈsjuːm to use time, energy, goods etc A smaller vehicle will consume less fuel.
if something is in the forefront, it is in a
leading position in an important activity
that is trying to achieve something or The company has always been at the forefront
10 103 2 forefront noun ˈfɔːfrʌnt develop new ideas of science and technology.
to look after a person or animal until The birds have been successfully reared in
reared
10 103 2 verb rɪə they are fully grown captivity.
a special type of cell in the body, that
can divide in order to form other types
stem cells
of cells that have particular qualities or Stem cell research is now attracting a lot of
10 103 2 noun ˈsten sel purposes publicity.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
something that you think is true My calculations were based on the assumption
10 103 2 assumption noun əˈsʌmpʃən although you have no definite proof that house prices would remain steady.
not having much experience of how
complicated life is, so that you trust
naïve
people too much and believe that good It would be naive to think that this could solve all
10 103 2 adj naɪˈiːv things will always happen the area’s problems straightaway.
to admit something that you feel Marsha confessed that she didn’t really know
confesses
10 103 2 verb kənˈfes embarrassed about how to work the computer.
a person who disagrees with particular
sceptic claims and statements, especially those Sceptics argued that the rise in prices was
10 103 2 noun ˈskeptɪk that are generally thought to be true temporary.
10 103 2 resistant to adj rɪˈzɪstənt not damaged or affected by something This is an infection that’s resistant to antibiotics.
a long period of dry weather when there
drought is not enough water for plants and
10 103 2 noun draʊt animals to live The land had suffered a long period of drought.
to cover a place with water, or to The houses down by the river flood quite
floods
10 103 2 noun flʌd become covered with water regularly.
a small animal or insect that destroys We need something to prevent the pests from
pests
10 103 2 noun pest crops or food supplies damaging the crops.
the amount of profits, crops etc that
yields
10 103 2 noun jiːld something produces The average milk yield per cow has doubled.
to do something bad, extreme, or
resorting to phrasal difficult because you cannot think of any Officials fear that extremists may resort to
10 103 2 verb rɪˈzɔːt tuː other way to deal with a problem violence.
a small change made in something We’ve made one or two modifications to the
modification
10 103 2 noun ˌmɒdəfəˈkeɪʃən such as a design, plan, or system original design.
a wild plant growing where it is not
weed wanted that prevents crops or garden We are constantly battling against weeds in this
10 103 2 noun wiːd flowers from growing properly area.
plants that are tolerant of particular
tolerant weather or soil conditions can exist in We need to plant trees that are tolerant of salt
10 103 2 adj ˈtɒlərənt those conditions sea winds.
Unfortunately, farmers have often used
harmful chemicals which are harmful to the
10 103 2 adj ˈhɑːmfəl causing harm environment.
severe problems, injuries, illnesses etc
severe
10 103 2 adj səˈvɪə are very bad or very serious She’s suffering from severe depression.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to use something such as a method,
applied to idea, or law in a particular situation, New technology is being applied to almost
10 103 2 verb əˈplaɪ activity, or process every industrial process.
the grain that bread is made from, or The fields of wheat were dotted with bright red
wheat
10 103 2 noun wiːt the plant that it grows on poppies.
a structure made of wires or bars in Once the hamster managed to get out of its
10 103 2 cages noun keɪdʒ which birds or animals can be kept cage and it took us days to find it.
the process of making air, water, soil etc
dangerously dirty and not suitable for
people to use, or the state of being The costs of pollution control must be
10 103 2 pollution noun pəˈluːʃən dangerously dirty considered.
the cultivation of marine creatures for There are a lot of aquaculture projects along the
aquaculture
10 103 2 noun ˈækwəˌkʌltʃə food coast here.
a large area of land where it is always
desert
10 103 2 noun ˈdezət very dry, and there is a lot of sand The plane crash-landed in the desert.
relating to the sea and the creatures
10 103 2 marine adj məˈriːn that live there Pollution has affected many marine mammals.
10 103 2 freshwater adj ˈfreʃwɔːtə having water that contains no salt He only goes freshwater fishing.
the time or state when someone or These insects reach full maturity after a few
10 103 2 maturity noun məˈtʃʊərəti something is fully grown or developed weeks.
the process of treating used objects or
materials so that they can be used Recycling is important to help protect our
10 104 1 recycling noun riːˈsaɪklɪŋ again environment.
something that you get because you
have done something good or helpful or The school has a system of rewards and
10 104 1 reward noun rɪˈwɔːd have worked hard punishments to encourage good behaviour.
a strong feeling that you must do the
same things as other people of your Teenagers often start smoking because of peer
10 104 1 peer pressure noun ˈpɪə ˌpreʃə age if you want them to like you pressure.
There seem to be so many rules and
10 104 1 regulation noun ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃən an official rule or order regulations these days.
the piece of paper or plastic that covers
10 104 2 wrappers noun ˈræpə something when it is sold The street was covered in old sweet wrappers.
a container in a public place, for things The town has put up extra litter bins in an
people throw away, such as papers or attempt to encourage people to throw their litter
10 104 2 litter bins noun ˈlɪtə bɪn cans away.
to leave waste paper, cans etc on the People seem to think that littering streets with
10 104 2 littering verb ˈlɪtə ground in a public place old take-away food is acceptable.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to gently persuade or encourage
someone to take a particular decision or We’re trying to nudge them towards a practical
10 104 2 nudging verb nʌdʒ action solution.
an action, especially an official one, that
is intended to deal with a particular Measures are being taken to reduce crime in
10 104 4 measures noun ˈmeʒə problem the city.
the amount of energy, oil, electricity etc Vigorous exercise increases oxygen
10 104 5 consumption noun kənˈsʌmpʃən that is used consumption.
to try to judge the value, size, speed,
cost etc of something, without The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years
10 105 1 estimated verb ˈestəmeɪt calculating it exactly old.
Several similar enterprises have emerged over
10 105 1 enterprises noun ˈentəpraɪz a company, organisation, or business the last year.
if you pay money upfront, you pay it
before any work has been done or
10 105 1 upfront adverb ˌʌpˈfrʌnt before any goods are supplied He requires you to pay him upfront.
to make as much use as possible of the
phrasal ideas, experience, knowledge etc that a He helps people to tap into the training
10 105 1 tapping into verb ˈtæp ɪntə group of people has opportunities available.
a group, event etc that is less important
or popular than the main group etc, or
whose opinions are not accepted by
most other people involved in the same
10 105 1 fringe adj frɪndʒ activity The environment is no longer a fringe issue.
a fashion, game, type of music etc that
10 105 1 craze noun kreɪz becomes very popular for a short time She started a craze for this type of jewellery.
someone who publicly supports She’s a passionate advocate of natural
10 105 1 advocates noun ˈædvəkət someone or something childbirth.
used to say that although something is The old system was fairly complicated whereas
10 105 1 whereas conjunction weərˈæz true of one thing, it is not true of another the new system is really very simple.
to tell information to someone and be We need to get together to swap ideas and
10 105 1 swapping verb swɒp given information in return information.
a business deal or action, such as The bank charges a fixed rate for each
10 105 1 transactions noun trænˈzækʃən buying or selling something transaction.
used when talking about a choice you
have to make or about something that is
10 105 1 whether conjunction ˈweðə not certain Maurice asked me whether I needed any help.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to state, giving clear reasons, that It could be argued that a dam might actually
10 105 1 argues verb ˈɑːɡjuː something is true, should be done etc increase the risk of flooding.
if you keep up with the Joneses, you try
keeping up with phrasal to have the same new impressive They're always trying to keep up with the
10 105 1 the Joneses verb kiːp ˈʌp wɪð possessions that other people have Joneses. It's ridiculous.
10 105 1 lawn mowers noun ˈlɔːn ˌməʊə a machine used for cutting grass She kept the lawn mower in the garage.
a piece of clothing which has been used
by someone and then given to another
10 105 1 hand-me-down noun ˈhænd mi daʊn person She refused to wear hand-me-downs.
Why do people want to buy gas-guzzling cars
10 105 3 gas-guzzling adj ˈgæs ˌgʌzlɪŋ using a lot of petrol these days?
a situation in which there is not enough
10 105 3 shortage noun ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ of something that people need. There is no shortage of funds.
having enough money to buy or pay for The government needs to build more affordable
10 105 3 affordable noun əˈfɔːdəbəl something housing.
10 105 4 current adj ˈkʌrənt happening or existing now In its current state, the car is worth £1,000.
a word used especially in letters or
speeches to introduce the subject you Regarding your recent inquiry, I have enclosed
10 105 4 regarding preposition rɪˈɡɑːdɪŋ are writing or talking about a copy of our new brochure.
It's important to have the safe disposal of
10 106 1 disposal noun dɪˈspəʊzəl when you get rid of something radioactive waste.
not thinking about the needs and
feelings of other people, especially
because you are thinking about what They thoughtlessly told her she couldn’t come
10 106 1 thoughtlessly adverb ˈθɔːtləsli you want to the party.
10 106 1 discarded verb dɪsˈkɑːd to get rid of something Discard any old cleaning materials.
something that may be dangerous, or
10 106 1 hazard noun ˈhæzəd cause accidents or problems Polluted water sources are a hazard to wildlife.
10 106 1 drastically adverb ˈdræstɪkli extremely and suddenly The size of the army was drastically cut.
the practice of burying waste under the Landfill sites could pollute the environment
10 106 1 landfill noun ˈlændfɪl ground, or the waste buried in this way around them.
to deliberately pay no attention to
ignore something that you have been told or You can’t ignore the fact that many criminals
10 106 1 verb ɪɡˈnɔː that you know about never go to prison.
the process of finding new people to
recruitment work in a company, join an organisation,
10 107 1 noun rɪˈkruːtmənt do a job etc He runs a recruitment agency in town.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
the thing that you think is most
important and that needs attention
10 107 1 priorities noun praɪˈɒrəti before anything else The club’s priority is to win the league.
someone who has an unusually high
genius level of intelligence, mental skill, or
10 108 5 noun ˈdʒiːniəs ability My father was a genius at storytelling.
a method or set of principles that you
use to solve a problem or to make sure
10 108 5 formulae noun ˈfɔːmjələ, that something is successful We’re still searching for a peace formula.
10 108 5 Hindu adj ˈhɪnduː being of the Hindu religion There is a Hindu temple in the centre of town.
The World Cup will have a prominent place on
10 108 5 prominent adj ˈprɒmənənt important the agenda.
There are various techniques for dealing with
techniques
10 108 5 noun tekˈniːk a special way of doing something industrial pollution.
so surprising that it is almost impossible
10 108 5 astounding adj əˈstaʊndɪŋ to believe The concert was an astounding success.
to give a piece of information that is He quoted a figure of 220 deaths each year
quoted
10 108 5 verb kwəʊt written down somewhere from accidents in the home.
phrasal to form a particular amount or part of Afro-Americans account for 12% of the US
10 109 6 accounting for verb əˈkaʊnt fɔː something population.
very small in degree or amount,
minimal especially the smallest degree or
10 109 6 adj ˈmɪnəməl amount possible The cost to taxpayers would be minimal.
the ability to have a good relationship
with someone because you have similar Compatibility is an important factor when you
11 110 1 compatibility noun kəmˌpætəˈbɪləti, interests, ideas etc are choosing a life partner.
two people that are compatible are able
to have a good relationship because I'm leaving him because we aren't compatible
11 110 2 compatible adj kəmˈpætəbəl they have similar opinions or interests anymore.
complementary things go well together, The computer and the human mind have
11 110 2 complementary adj ˌkɒmpləˈmentəri although they are usually different different but complementary abilities.
if you are on the same wavelength as
someone, you have the same or
on the same noun different opinions and feelings as
11 110 2 wavelength phrase ˈweɪvleŋθ someone else Dad is just on a different wavelength from me.
if you get on like a house a fire with
like a house on noun someone, you quickly have a very I get on like a house on fire with my new
11 110 2 fire phrase haʊs friendly relationship colleague.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to be very similar to or the same as The French ‘baccalauréate’ exam roughly
11 110 2 correspond verb ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd something else corresponds to English A levels.
if one thing matches another, or if two
things match, they look attractive
together because they are a similar
11 110 4 1 match verb mætʃ colour, pattern etc We painted the cabinets green to match the rug.
to be equal to something in value, size,
11 110 4 2 match verb mætʃ or quality His strength is matched by his intelligence.
if a piece of clothing fits you, it is the
11 110 4 fit verb fɪt right size for your body His clothes did not fit very well.
to be acceptable, suitable, or
convenient for a particular person or in Whatever your reason for borrowing, we have
11 110 4 1 suit verb suːt a particular situation the loan that suits your needs.
clothes, colours etc that suit you make
11 110 4 2 suit verb suːt you look attractive That coat really suits Paul.
something, especially money, that you
donations give to a person or an organization in There have been generous donations from EU
11 110 4 noun dəʊˈneɪʃən order to help them funds.
a sudden shaking of the earth’s surface An earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter
earthquake
11 110 4 noun ˈɜːθkweɪk that often causes a lot of damage scale struck southern California on June 28.
an amount of money that is collected
fund
11 110 4 noun fʌnd and kept for a particular purpose The fund was set up to try to save the cathedral.
used to say that you would never do
wouldn’t have
verb something because you think it is bad I wouldn’t dream of letting strangers look after
dreamt of buying
11 111 7 phrase driːm or wrong my own grandmother!
phrasal
popping up
11 111 7 verb ˈpɒp ʌp to appear, sometimes unexpectedly Her name keeps popping up in the newspapers.
11 111 7 generated verb ˈdʒenəreɪt to produce or cause something The program would generate a lot of new jobs.
seeming very boring and unfashionable,
nerdy
11 111 7 adj nɜːdi and not good in social situations His hobbies are rather nerdy.
the scientific study of the way in which
information is moved and controlled in
cybernetics
machines, the brain, and the nervous
11 111 7 noun ˌsaɪbəˈnetɪks system He studied cybernetics at university.
a performance in which dancing and
ballet
11 111 7 noun ˈbæleɪ music tell a story without any speaking She used to do ballet when she was a child.
prepared to do something, or having no
willing
11 111 9 adj ˈwɪlɪŋ reason to not want to do it I told them I was perfectly willing to help.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
You should receive notification of the results
notifications
11 111 9 noun ˌnəʊtəfəˈkeɪʃən official information about something within a week.
‘Tom always sends me red roses on my
romantic
11 112 1 adj rəʊˈmæntɪk showing strong feelings of love birthday.’ ‘How romantic!’
meeting other people in order to have a He joined an online dating agency in the hope
dating
11 112 2 noun deɪtɪŋ romantic relationship of finding the love of his life.
the state of being very well designed
sophistication and very advanced, and often working The sophistication of their technology
11 112 4 noun səˌfɪstəˈkeɪʃən in a complicated way impressed her.
to limit or control the size, amount, or In future we will restrict class sizes to 20
restrict
11 112 4 verb rɪˈstrɪkt range of something students.
facts or signs that show clearly that At present we have no evidence of life on other
evidence
11 112 4 noun ˈevədəns something exists or is true planets.
to gradually make someone or The constant criticism was beginning to
undermined
11 112 4 verb ˌʌndəˈmaɪn something less strong or effective undermine her confidence.
the state of being logically or factually
validity
11 112 4 noun vəˈlɪdəti acceptable I would question the validity of that statement.
seeming to have a particular feeling or He did well in his exams, despite his apparent
11 112 4 apparent adj əˈpærənt attitude, although this may not be true lack of interest in his work.
to not allow someone to take part in
something or not allow them to enter a
excluded
place, especially in a way that seems The press had been deliberately excluded from
11 112 4 verb ɪkˈskluːd wrong or unfair the event.
to pay money regularly to be a member She subscribes to an environmental action
subscribing
11 112 4 verb səbˈskraɪb of an organization or to help its work group.
someone who pays money to be part of Subscribers to the online dating site can view
subscribers
11 112 4 noun səbˈskraɪbə an organization or to help its work hundreds of eligible partners.
to completely get rid of something that The credit card eliminates the need for cash or
eliminate
11 112 4 verb ɪˈlɪməneɪt is unnecessary or unwanted cheques.
to put someone’s or something’s name How many students have registered for English
registering
11 112 4 verb ˈredʒəstə on an official list classes?
to say firmly that you will not do
refuse something that someone has asked you
11 112 4 verb rɪˈfjuːz to do She asked him to leave, but he refused.
if something is done seductively it is
interesting or attractive and persuades
seductively
you to do something you would not
11 112 4 adverb sɪˈdʌktɪvli usually do She smiled seductively at him across the table.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to make it certain that something will In movies, talent by no means guarantees
guarantee
11 113 2 verb ˌɡærənˈtiː happen success.
one of the two periods of time that a
semester year at high schools and universities is I still have two semesters to complete at my
11 113 2 noun səˈmestə divided into, especially in the US college.
to start doing something that is bigger, As an actress she has graduated from small
graduated from
11 113 2 verb ˈɡrædʒuət better, or more important roles to more substantial parts.
an amount of money you pay regularly
to be a member of an organization or to
subscriptions
help its work, or the act of paying I haven’t paid my subscription to the agency this
11 113 2 noun səbˈskrɪpʃən money for this year.
if you roam through something, you look She roamed through the information on the
roam
11 113 2 verb rəʊm slowly at all parts of it screen.
a card with a pattern of holes in it that The workers were issued with punch cards
punch card was used in the past for putting which would record their arrival and departure
11 113 2 noun ˈpʌntʃ kɑːd information into a computer time at work.
to obtain a special document giving you
patented the right to make or sell a new invention If you invent something you should get it
11 113 2 verb ˈpeɪtnt or product patented as soon as possible.
someone who scientifically studies As an anthropologist, he was fascinated by the
anthropologists
11 113 2 noun ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒist people, their societies, cultures etc cultural rituals of the villagers.
11 113 2 rigorous adj ˈrɪɡərəs careful, thorough, and exact They have rigorous standards at that college.
if you pour cold water on something,
pour cold water you criticize someone’s plan, idea, or
on verb desire to do something so much that
11 113 2 phrase pɔː they no longer feel excited about it He is always pouring cold water on my ideas.
a set of instructions that are followed in
a fixed order and used for solving a Spelling correction algorithms usually suggest a
algorithms
mathematical problem, making a few alternative words which are in some sense
11 113 2 noun ˈælɡərɪðəm computer program etc similar to the detected misspelled word.
careful and thorough examination of Careful scrutiny of the company’s accounts
scrutiny
11 113 2 noun ˈskruːtəni someone or something revealed a whole series of errors.
an opinion about whether a person,
bias group, or idea is good or bad that
11 113 2 noun ˈbaɪəs influences how you deal with it Students were evaluated without bias.
the usual or normal situation, way of Short term contracts are now the norm with
norm
11 113 2 noun nɔːm doing something etc some big companies.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
noun used to emphasize the first of a series Well, for starters, you’ll need to fill out an
for starters
11 113 2 phrase ˈstɑːtə of facts, opinions, questions etc application form.
the amount of money you have left to
disposable
dɪˌspəʊzəbəl spend after you have paid your taxes,
income
11 113 2 noun ˈɪŋkʌm bills etc She doesn’t have much disposable income.
an eligible man or woman would be
eligible good to marry because they are rich,
11 113 2 adj ˈelɪdʒəbəl attractive, and not married Stephen was regarded as an eligible bachelor.
phrasal to get rid of people or things that are not The research will help governments to weed out
weed out
11 113 2 verb ˈ'wiːd aʊt very good ineffective aid schemes.
someone you have a very close
relationship with because you share or
soul mate
understand the same emotions and
11 113 2 noun ˈsəʊl meɪt interests He hasn’t found his soul mate yet.
a harmless substance given to a sick
person instead of medicine, without
telling them it is not real. Placebos are
often used in tests in which some
placebo
people take real medicine and others
take a placebo, so that doctors can It has been suggested that some medical
compare the results to see if the real professionals prescribe placebos to their
11 113 2 noun pləˈsiːbəʊ medicine works properly. patients.
a quality or feeling that seems to
aura surround or come from a person or a
11 113 2 noun ˈɔːrə place She has a peaceful aura around her.
to say what medicine or treatment a If these don’t work I may have to prescribe you
prescribing
11 113 2 verb prɪˈskraɪb sick person should have something stronger.
when two things are joined or The system of coupling for dance partners was
coupling
11 113 2 noun ˈkʌplɪŋ connected not well-thought out at all.
to make someone feel that their ideas
validated and feelings are respected and Talking with people who think like you helps
11 113 2 verb ˈvælədeɪt considered seriously validate your feelings.
if someone divorces their husband or
divorced wife, or if two people divorce, they
11 113 2 verb dəˈvɔːs legally end their marriage David’s parents divorced when he was six.
a rule, problem etc that prevents people
barrier from doing something, or limits what Problems with childcare remain the biggest
11 113 2 noun ˈbæriə they can do barrier to women succeeding at work.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
an event at which you meet and talk to
a lot of different people for only a few
speed dating minutes at a time. People do this in
order to try to meet someone and have
11 114 2 noun ˈspiːd ˌdeɪtɪŋ a romantic relationship. Have you ever tried speed dating?
a room where the directors of a The senior staff are at a meeting in the
boardroom
11 114 2 noun ˈbɔːdruːm company have meetings boardroom at the moment.
to start doing something or making
set out phrasal plans to do something in order to There are some salesmen who deliberately set
11 114 3 verb ˈset aʊt achieve a particular result out to defraud customers.
phrasal to start a company, organization,
set up
11 114 3 verb ˈset ʌp committee etc They have just set up their own company.
phrasal I’ll take you up on that offer of a drink, if it still
take them up on
11 114 3 verb ˈteɪk ˌʌp ɒn to accept an invitation or suggestion stands.
something that is spontaneous has not
been planned or organized, but
happens by itself, or because you
11 115 3 spontaneous adj spɒnˈteɪniəs suddenly feel you want to do it The crowd gave a spontaneous cheer.
They're worried about the accuracy of the
accuracy
11 115 3 noun ˈækərəsi the quality of being correct or true statistics.
angry and surprised because you feel Liz was indignant at the way her child had been
indignant
11 115 3 adj ɪnˈdɪɡnənt insulted or unfairly treated treated.
thinking that someone might be guilty of Some of his colleagues at work became
suspicious
11 115 3 adj səˈspɪʃəs doing something wrong or dishonest suspicious of his behaviour.
something such as a bag, belt, or
accessories jewellery that you wear or carry
11 116 2 noun əkˈsesəri because it is attractive All her outfits have matching accessories.
11 116 2 tarnished adj ˈtɑːnɪʃt damaged He now has a tarnished public profile.
relating to the preparation of a
editorial newspaper, book, television programme Designers use the girls because they ensure
11 116 2 adj ˌedəˈtɔːriəl etc for printing or broadcasting editorial coverage.
an occasion when someone takes
fashion shoots
11 116 2 noun ʃuːt photographs or makes a film She’s out on a video shoot.
when you work together with another
person or group to achieve something, The project has involved collaboration with the
11 116 2 collaboration noun kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən especially in science or art geography department.
noun if you don’t get a wink of sleep, you are
slept a wink
11 116 5 phrase wɪŋk not able to sleep at all I didn’t get a wink of sleep last night.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
a set of pictures or other pieces of work
portfolios that an artist, photographer etc has
11 117 1 noun pɔːtˈfəʊliəʊ done You’ll need to prepare a portfolio of your work.
to provide or organize something
11 117 1 administering verb ədˈmɪnəstə officially as part of your job The test was administered to all 11-year-olds.
a categorical statement is a clear
categorical statement that something is definitely Can you give us a categorical assurance that no
11 117 5 adj ˌkætəˈɡɒrɪkəl true or false jobs will be lost?
a short journey arranged so that a
excursions group of people can visit a place, Included in the tour is an excursion to the Grand
11 118 2 noun ɪkˈskɜːʃən especially while they are on holiday Canyon.
a place in the countryside that is Guests will be able to visit some of the local
beauty spots
11 118 2 noun ˈbjuːti spɒt famous because it is very pretty beauty spots.
if one type of person or thing
predominate predominates in a group or area, there
11 118 2 noun prɪˈdɒməneɪt are more of this type than any other Pine trees predominate in this area of forest.
used when saying that a particular fact
has no effect on a situation and is not The course is open to anyone, irrespective of
11 118 2 irrespective of adj ˌɪrɪˈspektɪv important age.
12 120 0 soundtrack noun ˈsaʊndtræk the recorded music from a film I loved the soundtrack of that movie.
if the wind, sea etc lashes something, it
lashing
12 120 2 verb læʃ hits it with violent force The wind lashed violently against the door.
to make a connection in your mind
associated between one thing or person and
12 120 2 verb əˈsəʊʃieɪt another I don’t associate him with energetic sports.
a feeling of being happy, excited, and
exhilaration
12 120 2 noun ɪɡˌzɪləˈreɪʃən full of energy She enjoyed the exhilaration of jet-skiing.
your nails are the hard smooth layers
nails
12 120 2 noun neɪl on the ends of your fingers and toes Stop biting your nails!
12 120 2 chalkboard noun ˈtʃɔːkbɔːd a blackboard She wrote the day’s menu up on a chalkboard.
a machine or tool that does a special The company makes devices to detect carbon
12 121 6 device noun dɪˈvaɪs job monoxide.
if something repels you, it is so
repel unpleasant that you do not want to be
12 121 6 verb rɪˈpel near it, or it makes you feel ill The smell repelled him.
to stand or wait somewhere, especially
loitering in a public place, without any clear Five or six teenagers were loitering in front of
12 121 6 verb ˈlɔɪtə reason the newsagent’s.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
12 121 6 undisturbed adj ˌʌndɪˈstɜːbd not upset or worried by something Mark seemed undisturbed by her threats.
phrasal to behave in a way that makes He was cruel because he wanted to drive me
drive them away
12 121 6 verb ˈdraɪv əˌweɪ someone leave away.
to stop someone from doing something,
deter by making them realize it will be difficult The company’s financial difficulties have
12 121 6 verb dɪˈtɜː or have bad results deterred potential investors.
the sound made by a telephone,
ringtone especially a mobile phone, when
12 121 6 noun ˈrɪŋtəʊn someone is calling it She changes her ringtone every week.
if something is undetectable, it won't be The high-pitched sound is undetectable except
undetectable
12 121 6 adj ˌʌndɪˈtektəbəl noticed or discovered to dogs.
canned music is recorded music used
canned music on television or radio programmes, She wanted to smash the speaker that was
12 122 1 adj kænd airports, shops etc blaring out canned music in the lift.
There has been a disturbing increase in the
disturbing
12 122 2 adj dɪˈstɜːbɪŋ worrying or upsetting crime rate recently.
happening without being planned or Buy an insurance policy that covers accidental
accidental
12 122 2 adj ˌæksəˈdentl intended damage.
if a situation is uncontrollable, nothing
uncontrollable can be done to control it or stop it You should ignore what is uncontrollable and
12 122 2 adj ˌʌnkənˈtrəʊləbəl getting worse focus on what you are able to control.
when you understand something that I was shocked by the realization of what I had
realisation
12 122 2 noun ˌrɪəlaɪˈzeɪʃən you had not understood before done.
to cause a reaction or feeling, especially
12 122 2 provoked verb prəˈvəʊk a sudden one The proposal provoked widespread criticism.
The lizards are classed as an endangered
endangered
12 122 3 adj ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd being in danger species.
noun
hard of hearing
12 122 4 phrase ˌhaːd əv ˈhɪərɪŋ unable to hear very well I'm afraid she's becoming hard of hearing.
something that is unheard of is so
unheard of unusual that it has not happened or Travel for pleasure was almost unheard of until
12 122 4 adj ˌʌnˈhɜːd əv been known before the 19th century.
to accidentally hear what other people
overheard are saying, when they do not know that She overheard the management discussing pay
12 122 4 verb ˌəʊvəˈhɪə you have heard rises.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
a period of time when a group of
workers deliberately stop working
strike
because of a disagreement about pay, The government will bring in the army to help
12 122 4 noun straɪk working conditions etc during the firemen's strike.
if you can’t hear yourself think, you are
can't hear myself
verb unable to think because the
think
12 122 4 phrase hɪə environment you are in is so noisy Just shut up, Tom. I can’t hear myself think.
if you won’t hear of something you
won’t hear of verb refuse to agree with a suggestion or I said we should go back, but Dennis won't hear
12 122 4 phrase hɪə proposal of it.
a small object which fits into or behind
hearing aid your ear to make sounds louder, worn My grandmother wears a hearing aid, but never
12 122 4 noun ˈhɪərɪŋ eɪd by people who cannot hear well turns it on.
The child’s incessant talking started to irritate
incessant
12 123 2 adj ɪnˈsesənt continuing without stopping her.
12 123 2 humming verb hʌm to make a low continuous sound Machines hummed on the factory floor.
the state of being pleasantly calm, quiet She enjoyed the tranquillity of the Tuscan
tranquillity
12 123 2 noun træŋˈkwɪləti and peaceful countryside.
12 123 2 perky adj ˈpɜːki confident, happy, and active Emma was always perky and happy.
to stop a fire from burning by pouring The fireman doused the fire with powerful
doused
12 123 2 verb daʊs water on it hoses.
used to emphasize the great size of
immensity something, especially something that It's impossible to contemplate the immensity of
12 123 2 noun ɪˈmensəti cannot be measured outer space.
to make someone feel slightly nervous,
unsettles
12 123 2 verb ʌnˈsetl worried, or upset The sudden changes unsettled Judy.
to walk very slowly and noisily, without With sore legs and aching chest, he shuffled
12 123 2 shuffles verb ˈʃʌfəl lifting your feet off the ground over to the bathroom.
a soundproof wall, room etc is one that They locked their prisoner in a soundproof
soundproof
12 123 2 adj ˈsaʊndpruːf sound cannot pass through or into room.
The councillors met in the council chamber
chamber
12 123 2 noun ˈtʃeɪmbə a room used for a special purpose every month.
to move very fast with a soft rushing He felt helpless as the cars whooshed by either
whooshing
12 123 2 verb wʊʃ sound side of him as he lay in the road.
if water gurgles, it flows along gently We could hear the stream gurgling down in the
12 123 2 gurgling verb ɡɜːɡəl with a pleasant low sound valley.
to move around within a system, or to Swimming helps to get the blood circulating
circulating
12 123 2 verb ˈsɜːkjəleɪt make something do this through the muscles.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
a very wide road in the US, built for fast They took off down the freeway without a care
freeway
12 123 2 noun ˈfriːweɪ travel in the world.
to make something become less sharp
dulls
12 123 2 verb dʌl or clear Her fear and anxiety dulled her mind.
12 123 2 secluded adj sɪˈkluːdəd very private and quiet We sunbathed on a small secluded beach.
12 123 2 expansive adj ɪkˈspænsɪv very friendly and willing to talk a lot Hauser was in an expansive mood.
As an ecologist he's fascinated by the rainforest
ecologist
12 123 2 noun ɪˈkɒlədʒəst a scientist who studies ecology and its inhabitants.
a very small green plant that grows in a
moss thick soft furry mass on wet soil, trees, The wall was totally covered in bright green
12 123 2 noun mɒs or rocks moss.
The squirrel leapt from bough to bough as it
bough
12 123 2 noun baʊ a main branch on a tree moved through the forest.
12 123 2 precision noun prɪˈsɪʒən the quality of being very exact or correct The work was carried out with military precision.
The lion let out a deafening roar which nearly
deafening
12 123 2 adj ˈdefənɪŋ very loud knocked me over.
The huge amplification used in modern concerts
amplification the quality of making sound louder, has contributed to a lot of people having
12 123 2 noun ˌæmpləfəˈkeɪʃən especially musical sound problems with their hearing.
the part of a theatre where people sit We gathered in an auditorium and watched a
auditorium
12 123 2 noun ˌɔːdəˈtɔːriəm when watching a play, concert etc DVD.
if something, especially water, patters, it
pattering makes quiet sounds as it keeps hitting a We could hear the rain pattering on the window
12 123 2 verb ˈpætə surface lightly and quickly panes.
a piece of music written for a Christian
requiem ceremony in which prayers are said for He has written a modern requiem which is
12 123 2 noun ˈrekwiəm someone who has died amazing.
a lot of noise or angry protest about The house was in an uproar, with babies crying
uproar
12 123 2 noun ˈʌp-rɔː something and people shouting.
It infuriated him that Beth was with another
infuriated
12 123 2 verb ɪnˈfjʊərieɪt to make someone extremely angry man.
worried, disappointed, and upset when Ruth was dismayed to see how thin he had
dismayed
12 123 2 adj dɪsˈmeɪd something unpleasant happens grown.
Her boots were muddy and her hair was
12 124 1 drip verb drɪp to let liquid fall in drops dripping.
to break with a sudden sharp noise, or
12 124 1 snap verb snæp to make something do this A twig snapped under my feet.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to make a short sound like a small
12 124 1 pop verb pɒp explosion, or to make something do this The wood sizzled and popped in the fire.
if something such as a door, wooden
floor, old bed, or stair creaks, it makes a
long high noise when someone opens The floorboards creaked as she walked across
12 124 1 creak verb kriːk it, walks on it, sits on it etc the room.
to make a short hard sound, or make
12 124 1 click verb klɪk something produce this sound The door clicked shut behind me.
if a liquid splashes, it hits or falls on
12 124 1 splash verb splæʃ something and makes a noise The ocean splashed against the pier.
to speak or say something very quietly,
12 124 1 whisper verb ˈwɪspə using your breath rather than your voice You don’t have to whisper, no one can hear us.
if leaves, papers, clothes etc rustle, or if
you rustle them, they make a noise as She moved nearer, her long silk skirt rustling
12 124 1 rustle verb ˈrʌsəl they rub against each other around her.
if the wind sighs, it makes a long sound
12 124 1 sigh verb saɪ like someone sighing The wind sighed in the trees.
12 124 5 quacked verb kwæk the sound a duck makes The ducks on the pond started quacking loudly.
12 124 5 owls noun aʊl a bird with large eyes that hunts at night She watched the owl hunting for its food.
if an owl hoots, it makes a long ‘oo’ We could hear an owl hooting as we waited in
hooted
12 124 5 verb huːt sound the dark.
to make a deep low sound like the He loved the sound of the frogs croaking in the
croaked
12 124 5 verb krəʊk sound a frog makes tropical night.
to make a noise which sounds like
hissed
12 124 5 verb hɪs ‘ssss’ Snakes only hiss when they are afraid.
the use of words that sound like the
onomatopoeic thing that they are describing, for Poets often employ onomatopoeic words to add
12 124 6 adj ˌɒnəmætəˈpiːək example ‘hiss’ or ‘boom’ drama and atmosphere to their work.
if costs are prohibitively high, they
prohibitively prevent people from buying or doing
12 125 2 adverb prəˈhɪbətɪvli something Moving house would be prohibitively expensive.
a group of people who sing together for
choir
12 125 2 noun kwaɪə other people to listen to He joined a church choir at the age of eight.
anti-social behaviour is violent or
anti-social harmful to other people, or shows that She was finding it increasingly hard to cope with
12 125 3 adj ˌæntɪˈsəʊʃəl you do not care about other people her son's anti-social behaviour.
careful to do everything that it is your A conscientious teacher may feel inclined to
conscientious
12 125 3 adj ˌkɒnʃiˈenʃəs job or duty to do take work home.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
Using local produce, the food is imaginative,
imaginative
12 125 3 adj ɪˈmædʒənətɪv containing new and interesting ideas wholesome and substantial.
someone who is introverted is quiet and
introverted shy and does not enjoy being with other He is described as an introverted teenager, with
12 125 3 adj ˈɪntrəvɜːtɪd people a love of horses.
The truth and fairness of an advertising claim
fairness
12 126 1 noun ˈfeərnəs the quality of being fair can be challenged for a variety of reasons.
the feeling that an event or place gives
12 126 2 atmosphere noun ˈætməsfɪə you The atmosphere at home was rather tense.
when people vote to choose someone Elections for the state governorship will be on
election
12 127 5 noun ɪˈlekʃən for an official position November 25.
very sensitive and delicate in the way
exquisite
12 128 1 adj ɪkˈskwɪzət you behave or do things She has exquisite taste in art.
a book, list, record etc which consists of
compilation different pieces of information, songs
12 128 1 noun ˌkɒmpəˈleɪʃən etc His new compilation includes all the past hits.
used to refer to popular music that is
performed by new bands or singers,
indie
and produced by small independent
12 128 1 adj ˈɪndi companies He only listens to indie music.
phrasal
12 128 1 stems from verb ˈstem frəm to develop as a result of something else His headaches stemmed from vision problems.
12 128 1 melody noun ˈmelədi a song or tune They played some lovely melodies.
a catchy tune or phrase is easy to Some songs are so catchy that you keep
catchy
12 128 1 adj ˈkætʃi remember humming them all day long.
to sing a tune by making a continuous Tony was humming to himself as he drove
12 128 1 1 hum verb hʌm sound with your lips closed along.
one of the songs or pieces of music on
tracks
12 128 1 noun træk a record, cassette, or CD I love the last track on their new album.
12 128 1 overly adverb ˈəʊvəli too or very Your views on economics are overly simplistic.
making careful judgments about how His book provides a critical analysis of the
critical
12 128 1 adj ˈkrɪtɪkəl good or bad something is television industry in Britain.
a repeated series of notes in popular or
riffs
12 128 1 noun rɪf jazz music The guitar riff at the beginning is unforgettable.
relating to a telephone line that is used
dial-up to send information from one computer She's only got a dial-up connection at home and
12 129 3 adj ˈdaɪəl ʌp to another it's so slow!

Part of Definition
Example sentence
a piece of electronic equipment that
allows information from one computer to
modem
be sent along telephone wires to I'm afraid the modem doesn’t seem to be
12 129 3 noun ˈməʊdəm another computer working at the moment.
a sound that someone makes, or
peep something that they say, especially a There has not been a peep out of them since
12 129 3 noun piːp complaint bedtime.
to go somewhere or do something very
zooming
12 129 3 verb zuːm quickly Brenda jumped in the car and zoomed off.
one of the pieces of flesh inside your
muscles body that you use in order to move, and Relax your stomach muscles, then stretch
13 130 1 noun ˈmʌsəl that connect your bones together again.
to make an angry, unhappy, or confused
frowning expression, moving your eyebrows
13 130 1 verb fraʊn together She frowned as she read the letter.
involving everyone in the world or in a
universal
13 130 1 adj ˌjuːnəˈvɜːsəl particular group These stories have universal appeal.
to behave as if something is true when
pretending in fact you know it is not, in order to We can’t go on pretending that everything is
13 130 1 verb prɪˈtend deceive people or for fun OK.
13 130 2 astonishment noun əˈstɒnɪʃmənt complete surprise She stared at him in astonishment.
the feeling of being angry, jealous, and
bitterness upset because you think you have been His bitterness grew daily until all he wanted was
13 130 2 noun ˈbɪtənəs treated unfairly revenge.
when you do not understand what is
confusion happening or what something means There was some confusion as to whether we
13 130 2 noun kənˈfjuːʒən because it is not clear had won or lost.
13 130 2 contentment noun kənˈtentmənt the state of being happy and satisfied He gave a sigh of contentment, and fell asleep.
a feeling of great pleasure and
delight
13 130 2 noun dɪˈlaɪt satisfaction The kids were screaming with delight.
the feeling you have when you are He suffered extreme embarrassment at not
13 130 2 embarrassment noun ɪmˈbærəsmənt embarrassed knowing how to read.
extreme excitement that makes people
hysteria cry, laugh, shout etc in a way that is out In a fit of hysteria, Silvia blamed me for causing
13 130 2 noun hɪˈstɪəriə of control her father’s death.
Whether you stay or leave is a matter of total
indifference
13 130 2 noun ɪnˈdɪfərəns lack of interest or concern indifference to me.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
the state of being worried or frightened
nervousness
13 130 2 noun ˈnɜːvləsnəs about something, and unable to relax Mike's nervousness showed in his voice.
a feeling of comfort when something
relief frightening, worrying, or painful has
13 130 2 noun rɪˈliːf ended or has not happened I felt a huge surge of relief and happiness.
the feeling you have when you feel
guilty and embarrassed because you, or
shame
someone who is close to you, have
13 130 2 noun ʃeɪm done something wrong He felt a deep sense of shame.
a jump from a plane to fall through the
sky dive
13 130 3 noun ˈskaɪˌdaɪv sky before opening a parachute She had always wanted to do a skydive.
to recognize or express the difference It’s important to differentiate between fact and
13 131 5 differentiating verb ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt between things or people opinion.
someone who regularly watches or
observers pays attention to particular things,
13 131 5 noun əbˈzɜːvə events, situations etc Observers are predicting a fall in interest rates.
based on instinct and not involving He reacted instinctively when the man attacked
13 131 5 instinctively adverb ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli thought him.
a short story based on your personal The book is full of amusing anecdotes about his
anecdotes
13 132 4 noun ˈænɪkdəʊt experience life in Japan.
a copy of a valuable object, painting etc
13 133 1 fake noun feɪk that is intended to deceive people Jones can spot a fake from 15 metres away.
13 133 2 authenticated verb ɔːˈθentɪkeɪt to prove that something is true or real The painting has been authenticated by experts.
a large building where people can see There is an exhibition of African art at the
13 133 2 galleries noun ˈɡæləri famous pieces of art Hayward Gallery.
someone who steals things from Thieves broke into the offices and stole
thieves
13 133 3 noun θiːf another person or place $150,000's worth of computer equipment.
a space or room just below the roof of a
13 133 4 attic noun ˈætɪk house, often used for storing things The children had their bedrooms in the attic.
13 133 4 auction verb ˈɔːkʃən to sell something at an auction They auctioned off some of their jewellery.
a sudden strong feeling of excitement
and pleasure, or the thing that makes
13 133 4 thrill noun θrɪl you feel this Winning first place must have been quite a thrill.
to become higher or increase, or to
escalate
13 133 4 verb ˈeskəleɪt make something do this The costs were escalating alarmingly.
an exact copy of something that you
13 133 4 duplicate noun ˈdjuːpləkeɪt can use in the same way Locksmiths can make duplicates of most keys.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
something genuine really is what it
genuine
13 133 4 adj ˈdʒenjuən seems to be The strap is genuine leather.
something that you say or do to make
people laugh, especially a funny story I couldn’t go out with someone for a joke, could
13 133 4 joke noun dʒəʊk or trick you?
to replace one thing with another, or We’ve switched the meeting from Tuesday to
switch
13 133 4 verb swɪtʃ exchange things Thursday.
Imagine a scenario where only 20% of people
13 133 4 scenario noun səˈnɑːriəʊ a situation that could possibly happen have a job.
directly relating to the subject or What experience do you have that is relevant to
relevant
13 133 4 adj ˈreləvənt problem being discussed or considered this position?
a painting, drawing, or photograph of a She’s been commissioned to paint Jackson’s
13 134 1 portraits noun ˈpɔːtrət person portrait.
the quality of always being the same,
consistency doing things in the same way, having Consumer groups are demanding greater
13 134 4 noun kənˈsɪstənsi the same standards etc consistency in the labelling of food products.
I was very conscious of the fact that I had to
13 134 5 conscious adj ˈkɒnʃəs noticing or realizing something make a good impression.
the state of directly relating to the
relevance subject or problem being discussed or
13 134 5 noun ˈreləvəns considered I don’t see the relevance of your point.
I managed to get some good shots of the
13 135 2 shots noun ʃɒt a photograph carnival.
to describe or show someone or
portrayed something in a particular way, according The president likes to portray himself as a friend
13 135 2 verb pɔːˈtreɪ to your opinion of them of working people.
a movement of part of your body,
especially your hands or head, to show She shook her head with a gesture of
13 135 2 gesture noun ˈdʒestʃə what you mean or how you feel impatience.
the thing or person that you show when
subjects you paint a picture, take a photograph
13 135 2 noun ˈsʌbdʒɪkt etc Monet loved to use gardens as his subjects.
someone famous who is admired by
many people and is thought to
13 135 2 icon noun ˈaɪkɒn represent an important idea She was a sixties cultural icon.
She liked to dance but felt awkward if someone
awkward
13 135 2 adj ˈɔːkwəd not relaxed or comfortable was watching her.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to free someone from feelings or
conditions that make their life unhappy
13 135 2 liberating verb ˈlɪbəreɪt or difficult She found the experience liberating.
to make something seem more
magnify
13 135 2 verb ˈmæɡnəfaɪ important than it really is The report tends to magnify the risks involved.
a way of behaving that hides your real Behind her cheerful facade, she’s a really lonely
13 135 2 façade noun fəˈsɑːd feelings person.
13 135 2 celebrated adj ˈseləbreɪtəd famous Dalí is one of Spain’s most celebrated artists.
not feeling embarrassed or ashamed
about something that people might
13 135 2 unashamedly adverb ˌʌnəˈʃeɪmədli disapprove of They were unashamedly in love with each other.
things such as money, influence,
possessions etc that are related to a
particular type of person, job, or way of
13 135 2 trappings noun ˈtræpɪŋz life He really enjoyed the trappings of power.
to make people understand what you He intimated, politely but firmly, that we were
13 135 2 intimate adj ˈɪntəmeɪt mean without saying it directly not welcome.
to copy something because you think it The Japanese have no wish to imitate western
13 135 2 imitate verb ˈɪməteɪt is good social customs and attitudes.
an idea of what you think something He had a clear vision of how he hoped the
13 135 2 vision noun ˈvɪʒən should be like company would develop.
very careful about small details, and
always making sure that everything is The attack was meticulously planned and
13 135 2 meticulously adverb məˈtɪkjələsli done correctly executed.
the way in which the different parts that
make up a photograph or picture are Martin starts by lightly sketching in the
13 135 2 composition noun ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən arranged compositions for his paintings.
someone who is very good at doing
13 135 2 giant noun ˈdʒaɪənt something Miles Davis, truly one of the giants of jazz.
the art of painting or drawing pictures of
13 135 2 portraiture noun ˈpɔːtrətʃə people He's known for his modern style of portraiture.
when you do not include or do not do The omission of her name was not a deliberate
13 135 2 omission noun əʊˈmɪʃən something act.
the way someone or something is
described or shown in a book, film, play
13 135 2 portrayal noun pɔːˈtreɪəl etc The film is not an accurate portrayal of his life.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
the opinion that people have about
someone or something because of what Judge Kelso has a reputation for being strict but
13 135 2 reputation noun ˌrepjəˈteɪʃən has happened in the past fair.
to succeed in recording, showing, or
describing a situation or feeling, using These photographs capture the essence of
13 135 2 capturing verb ˈkæptʃə words or pictures working-class life at the turn of the century.
13 135 2 spans verb spæn to include all of a period of time His career spanned nearly 60 years.
a small object such as a book, weapon
13 135 2 props noun prɒp etc, used by actors in a play or film Anna looks after costumes and props.
someone whose job is to make sure
that people know about a new product,
film, book etc or what a famous person She has her own publicist who deals with the
13 135 2 publicists noun ˈpʌbləsəst is doing press.
to make something look or seem more Lewis’s novel doesn’t flatter midwestern
13 135 2 flatter verb ˈflætə important or better than it is attitudes and morals.
arranged according to when things We arranged the documents in chronological
13 135 6 chronological adj ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkəl happened or were made order.
someone or something that you love or
13 136 3 idol noun ˈaɪdl admire very much She is the idol of countless teenagers.
there’s no denying there’s no denying is used to say that it There’s no denying that this is an important
13 136 3 the fact verb dɪˈnaɪ-ɪŋ is very clear that something is true event.
phrasal
13 136 3 pull off verb ˈpʊl ʌf to succeed in doing something difficult The goalkeeper pulled off six terrific saves.
to trick someone into believing
13 136 3 fooled verb fuːl something that is not true Even art experts were fooled.
the power to make impossible things
happen by saying special words or
13 136 3 magic noun ˈmædʒɪk doing special actions Do you believe in magic?
13 136 3 waxworks noun ˈwækswɜːk a wax model of a person We visited the waxworks museum in London.
a particular type of clothing worn by all
the members of a group or organization
13 137 3 uniform noun ˈjuːnəfɔːm such as the police, the army etc He was still wearing his school uniform.
13 137 3 attire noun əˈtaɪə clothes He was dressed in business attire.
13 137 3 donning verb dɒn to put on a hat, coat etc He donned his best suit for the meeting.
without any faults and impossible to
13 137 3 impeccably adverb ɪmˈpekəbli criticize She is always impeccably dressed.
a piece of clothing that is tailored is
13 137 3 tailored adj ˈteɪləd made to fit very well She usually wears black tailored suits for work.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
13 137 3 scruffy adj ˈskrʌfi dirty and untidy He was wearing a pair of scruffy old jeans.
to represent, mean, or be a sign of The image of the lion signified power and
13 137 3 signify verb ˈsɪɡnəfaɪ something strength.
the ability to control your own
behaviour, so that you do what you are Working from home requires a good deal of
13 137 3 discipline noun ˈdɪsəplən expected to do discipline.
in view of is used to introduce the In view of his conduct, the club has decided to
13 137 4 in view of noun vjuː reason for a decision or action suspend him.
We didn’t see anyone all day, apart from a
13 137 4 apart from preposition əˈpaːt frəm except for couple of kids on the beach.
Given the circumstances, you’ve done really
13 137 4 given preposition ˈɡɪvən taking something into account well.
A new contract is in place. Additionally, staff will
13 137 4 additionally adverb əˈdɪʃənəli in addition be offered a bonus scheme.
in addition – used to introduce
information that adds to or supports The rent is reasonable and, moreover, the
13 137 4 moreover adverb mɔːrˈəʊvə what has previously been said location is perfect.
using an alternative idea, plan etc that
is different from the one you have and You can relax on the beach or alternatively try
13 137 4 alternatively adverb ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪvli can be used instead the bustling town centre.
in addition to what has already been He is old and unpopular. Furthermore, he has at
13 137 4 furthermore adverb ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː said best only two years of political life ahead of him.
a difference between people, ideas,
situations, things etc that are being The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to
13 137 4 in contrast noun ˈkɒntrɑːst compared last year, when it gained 21 cents.
I need the money. And besides, when I agree to
13 137 4 besides this adverb bɪˈsaɪdz used when adding another reason do something, I do it.
used to say that something happens or
is true even though something else Despite all our efforts to save the school, the
13 137 4 despite this preposition dɪˈspaɪt might have prevented it authorities decided to close it.
even so is used to introduce something
that is true although it is different from I know he’s only a child, but even so he should
13 137 4 even so adverb ˈiːvən something that you have just said have known that what he was doing was wrong.
on the contrary is used to add to a
negative statement, to disagree with a
negative statement by someone else, or It wasn’t a good thing; on the contrary it was a
13 137 4 on the contrary noun ˈkɒntrəri to answer no to a question huge mistake.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
Most computer users have never received any
formal keyboard training. Consequently, their
13 137 4 consequently adverb ˈkɒnsəkwəntli as a result keyboard skills are inefficient.
to have a small hole made in your ears,
nose etc so that you can wear jewellery
13 138 1 pierced noses verb pɪəs through the hole I had my belly-button pierced.
a picture or writing that is permanently
marked on your skin using a needle and
13 138 1 tattoos noun təˈtuː ink He has a tattoo of a snake on his left arm.
a loose jacket or top made of soft He always put on a hoodie when he was going
13 138 1 hoodies noun ˈhʊdi material, which has a hood into town.
open summer shoes, usually made of
rubber, with a V-shaped band across
13 138 1 flip flops noun ˈflɪp flɒp the front to hold your feet Flip-flops are not suitable attire for work.
not suitable or right for a particular His comments were wholly inappropriate on
13 138 2 inappropriate adj ˌɪnəˈprəʊpri-ət purpose or in a particular situation such a solemn occasion.
13 139 1 cooperative adj kəʊˈɒpərətɪv willing to cooperate He was doing his best to be cooperative.
to behave in a dishonest way in order to
win or to get an advantage, especially in
13 139 1 cheat verb tʃiːt a competition, game, or examination She claimed that I cheated at chess.
an entertainer who performs magic
13 139 3 magician noun məˈdʒɪʃən tricks The magician on the show was really excellent.
obeying, supporting, or copying
13 139 4 slavishly adverb ˈsleɪvɪʃli someone completely She followed fashion slavishly.
someone who establishes a business, My grandfather was the founder of the
14 140 4 founder noun ˈfaʊndə organization, school etc company.
a group of people who have the same The scientific community were not convinced at
14 140 4 community noun kəˈmjuːnəti interests, religion, race etc first.
the distance from the end of one wing to The new plane has the biggest wingspan of any
14 141 6 wingspans noun ˈwɪŋspæn the end of the other plane currently operating.
to make small changes to something in
order to improve it and make it more The feedback will be used to modify the course
14 141 6 modified verb ˈmɒdəfaɪ suitable or effective for next year.
to tell someone something that they did
phrasal not already know or had not thought He was always very keen to point out my
14 141 7 point out verb pɔɪnt aʊt about mistakes.
phrasal to suggest a plan, proposal, idea etc for
14 141 7 put forward verb ˈpʊt ˌfɔːwəd other people to consider or discuss They put forward a number of suggestions.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
to consider or include particular facts or
noun details when making a decision or These figures do not take account of changes in
14 141 7 take into account phrase əˈkaʊnt judgment about something the rate of inflation.
if you take issue with somebody or
something, you disagree or argue with
14 141 7 taken issue with noun ˈɪʃuː someone about something It is difficult to take issue with his analysis.
phrasal to do something that needs to be
14 141 7 carry out verb ˈkæri aʊt organized and planned We need to carry out more research.
phrasal to try to find out the truth about a
14 141 7 look into verb ˈlʊk ɪntə problem, crime etc in order to solve it We are currently looking into the problem.
to make something clearer or easier to
14 141 7 clarify verb ˈklærəfaɪ understand Reporters asked him to clarify his position
a clear difference or separation There is often no clear distinction between an
14 141 7 distinction noun dɪˈstɪŋkʃən between two similar things allergy and food intolerance.
the process by which you gain The acquisition of language makes a fascinating
14 141 7 acquisition noun ˌækwəˈzɪʃən knowledge or learn a skill study.
In his speech he proposed that the UN should
to suggest something as a plan or set up an emergency centre for the
14 141 7 propose verb prəˈpəʊz course of action environment.
to say or do something to make your The Russians have already indicated their
14 141 7 indicate verb ˈɪndəkeɪt wishes, intentions etc clear willingness to cooperate.
a mistake or problem in an argument, There is a fundamental flaw in Walton’s
14 141 7 flaws noun flɔː plan, set of ideas etc argument.
the set of methods and principles that
you use when studying a particular
subject or doing a particular kind of We’ve been developing a new methodology for
14 141 7 methodology noun ˌmeθəˈdɒlədʒi work assessing new products.
14 141 7 tabby cats adj ˈtæbi a cat with light and dark lines on its fur She owns several tabby cats.
to say formally that you do not accept
14 141 7 contest verb kənˈtest something or do not agree with it His brothers are contesting the will.
14 142 1 nap noun næp a short sleep, especially during the day I usually take a nap after lunch.
to keep asking someone to do
something, or to keep complaining to
nagging
someone about their behaviour, in an
14 142 1 verb næɡ annoying way Nadia’s been nagging me to fix the lamp.
to send out electronic signals,
messages etc using radio, television, or The system transmits information over digital
14 142 1 transmitted verb trænzˈmɪt other similar equipment phone lines.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
used for, relating to, or resulting from A hypothesis is tested by finding experimental
experimental
14 142 1 adj ɪkˌsperəˈmentl experiments evidence for it.
relating to substances, the study of
chemical substances, or processes involving Do a chemical analysis of the soil before you
14 142 1 adj ˈkemɪkəl changes in substances plant those bushes.
verb if you hit a wall, you are suddenly not be
hit a wall
14 142 1 phrase hɪt able to make any progress I felt I’d hit a wall with my playing.
phrasal to write a short piece of information Let me jot down your number and I’ll call you
jotted down
14 142 1 verb ˈjɒt daʊn quickly tomorrow.
to find the meaning of something that is She studied the envelope, trying to decipher the
decipher
14 142 1 verb dɪˈsaɪfə difficult to read or understand handwriting.
if you have a vivid imagination, you can Children can have very vivid imaginations and
14 142 1 vivid adj ˈvɪvəd imagine unlikely situations very clearly this can sometimes give them nightmares.
a tragic event or situation makes you
tragic feel very sad, especially because it The parents were not to blame for the tragic
14 142 1 adj ˈtrædʒɪk involves death or suffering death of their son.
a small shop that sells fashionable
boutique
14 143 4 noun buːˈtiːk clothes or other objects He owns a chain of fashion boutiques.
information or a story that is passed
rumour from one person to another and which I’ve heard all sorts of rumours about him and his
14 143 5 noun ˈruːmə may or may not be true secretary.
a way of communicating in which
telepathy thoughts are sent from one person’s A strange closeness developed, a shorthand, a
14 144 4 noun təˈlepəθi mind to another person’s mind kind of telepathy.
(the) humanities are subjects of study
such as literature, history, or art, rather
14 143 7 humanities noun hjuːˈmænətiz than science or mathematics She studied humanities at university.
if you pip someone at the post, you beat
them at the last moment in a race,
pip him at the post
verb competition etc, when they were The Maclaren team were narrowly pipped at the
14 146 3 phrase pɪp expecting to win post by Ferrari.
happening or done in the same period The wall hangings are thought to be roughly
contemporary
14 146 3 adj kənˈtempərəri of time contemporary with the tiled floors.
a type of matter that scientists think
dark matter may exist. It cannot be seen but seems The scientists are studying the existence of dark
14 146 3 noun ˈdaːk ˌmætə to affect the movements of stars matter.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
causing a lot of disagreement, because
controversially many people have strong opinions He controversially challenged what the
14 146 3 adverb ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃəli about the subject being discussed president had said.
a person, group etc that gives
donor something, especially money, to help an An anonymous donor has given £500 towards
14 146 3 noun ˈdəʊnə organization or country the restoration fund.
14 146 3 merchandise noun ˈmɜːtʃəndaɪz goods that are being sold They inspected the merchandise very carefully.
14 146 3 glossy adj ˈɡlɒsi shiny and smooth She prefers glossy photos to matt photos.
a generous attitude, or generous I shall never forget the generosity shown by the
generosity
14 146 3 noun ˌdʒenəˈrɒsəti behaviour people of Bataisk.
if someone’s honesty, kindness etc
knows no bounds, they are extremely His ability to make people feel happy and loved
14 146 3 knew no bounds noun baʊnd honest etc knew no bounds.
to regard or describe someone as a Clinton had cast himself as the candidate of
14 146 3 casting verb kɑːst particular type of person new economic opportunity.
someone who suffers because of
something bad that happens or
14 146 3 victim noun ˈvɪktəm because of an illness He was the victim of an administrative error.
to move gradually with several small
movements, or to make something do
14 146 3 edging verb edʒ this He edged her towards the door.
an imaginary or ancient creature that is Many people believe that the Loch Ness
14 146 3 monster noun ˈmɒnstə large, ugly, and frightening Monster exists.
14 146 3 undoing noun ʌnˈduːɪŋ to cause someone’s shame, failure etc In the end, drink was his undoing.
being a perfect example of a particular ‘Guys and Dolls’ is the quintessential American
14 146 3 quintessential adj ˌkwɪntəˈsenʃəl type of person or thing musical.
The nightmare left her with a sense of fear and
14 146 3 loathing noun ˈləʊðɪŋ a very strong feeling of hatred loathing.
able to be divided, for example by a
14 146 3 divisible adj dəˈvɪzəbəl number The story is divisible into three parts.
a place in a wall where you can connect
electrical equipment to the supply of We need to put in some more electrical sockets
14 146 3 socket noun ˈsɒkət electricity for the computers.
a piece of equipment, especially
electrical equipment, such as a cooker
or washing machine, used in people’s There’s plenty of space for all the usual kitchen
14 146 3 appliances noun əˈplaɪəns homes appliances.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
Despite her vehement protests, he pulled her
14 146 3 vehement adj ˈviːəmənt showing very strong feelings or opinions inside.
someone who says bad things about
someone or something, in order to
make them seem less good than they Even the president’s detractors admit that the
14 146 3 detractor noun dɪˈtræktə really are decision was the right one.
seeming very boring and unfashionable, Girls don’t seem to be interested in my brother
14 146 3 geeky adj ˈɡiːki and not good in social situations because he's rather geeky.
to praise someone or something very
14 146 3 eulogising verb ˈjuːlədʒaɪz much The poem does not eulogize the dead soldiers.
to strongly criticize a film, play etc in a
14 146 3 panned verb pæn newspaper or on television or radio The movie was panned by the critics.
a question you ask in order to get We’re getting a lot of enquiries about our new
14 146 6 enquiry noun ɪnˈkwaɪəri information London–Rio service.
someone who is not popular because
they wear unfashionable clothes, do not
know how to behave in social situations,
14 147 2 geek noun ɡiːk or do strange things Gerry is definitely a computer geek.
14 147 2 pleas noun pliː request that is urgent or full of emotion Caldwell made a plea for donations.
to make a formal, usually public, Moore pledged $100,000 to the orchestra at the
14 147 2 pledging verb pledʒ promise that you will do something fund-raising dinner.
to start something, usually something The organization has launched a campaign to
launched
14 147 2 verb lɔːntʃ big or important raise $150,000.
to help something to develop or The meeting promoted trade between Taiwan
promoting
14 147 2 verb prəˈməʊt increase and the UK.
the state of being famous or well known
notoriety for something that is bad or that people
14 147 2 noun ˌnəʊtəˈraɪəti do not approve of John is already a writer of some notoriety.
a wire or a metal tube in a continuous
circular shape that produces light or
coil
heat when electricity is passed through
14 147 2 noun kɔɪl it You can actually see the coil in the light bulb.
At present, around half of transatlantic
transatlantic
14 147 2 adj ˌtrænzətˈlæntɪk crossing the Atlantic Ocean telephone traffic is carried via satellite.
an official plan that is intended to help
scheme people in some way, for example by The money will be used for teacher training
14 147 2 noun skiːm providing education or training schemes.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
someone who owns shares in a Shareholders have been told to expect an even
shareholders
14 147 2 noun ˈʃeəˌhəʊldə company or business lower result next year.
the use of money to get a profit or to
investment make a business activity successful, or We plan to buy some property as an
14 147 2 noun ɪnˈvestmənt the money that is used investment.
a series of light waves, sound waves
etc that carry an image, sound, or
signal
message, for example in radio or This new pay-TV channel sends signals via
14 147 2 noun ˈsɪɡnəl television satellite to cable companies.
seeming to be everywhere – sometimes
ubiquitous
14 147 2 adj juːˈbɪkwətəs used humorously Coffee shops are ubiquitous these days.
a feeling of strong dislike towards There’s always been a certain amount of
antipathy
14 147 2 noun ænˈtɪpəθi someone or something antipathy between the two doctors.
someone who defends a particular idea, He presented himself as a defender of
defender
14 147 2 noun dɪˈfendə belief, person etc democracy.
an object that provides a supply of
battery electricity for something such as a You have to take the top off to change the
14 147 2 noun ˈbætəri radio, car, or toy batteries.
if someone or something is efficient,
efficient they work well without wasting time,
14 147 2 adj ɪˈfɪʃənt money, or energy Lighting is now more energy efficient.
someone who is volatile can suddenly James can sometimes be rather volatile if he
volatile
14 147 2 adj ˈvɒlətaɪl become angry or violent doesn’t get his own way.
admired as one of the best and most
prestigious
14 147 2 adj preˈstɪdʒəs important He went to a highly prestigious university.
phrasal to admit that you are wrong or that you
back down
14 147 2 verb ˈbæk daʊn have lost an argument Both sides have refused to back down.
She had a deep gratitude towards David, but
gratitude
14 147 2 noun ˈɡrætətjuːd the feeling of being grateful she did not love him.
to have earned something by good or
deserves
14 147 2 verb dɪˈzɜːv bad actions or behaviour What have I done to deserve this?
14 148 2 insufficient adj ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt not enough, or not great enough His salary was insufficient for their needs.
to develop something new, especially a
forged strong relationship with other people, In 1776 the United States forged an alliance
14 148 2 verb fɔːdʒ groups, or countries with France.
when a subject or event is reported on The allegations received widespread media
coverage
14 148 2 noun ˈkʌvərɪdʒ television or radio, or in newspapers coverage.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
freedom that a place or an organization There are some campaigners who want greater
autonomy
14 148 2 noun ɔːˈtɒnəmi has to govern or control itself autonomy for Corsica.
to take action or make changes that you We have decided to implement the committee’s
implemented
14 148 2 verb ˈɪmpləment have officially decided should happen recommendations in full.
a reduction in something, such as the
number of workers in a company or the
cutbacks
amount of money a government or The shortage of teachers was blamed on
14 148 2 noun ˈkʌtbæk company spends government cutbacks.
to see something happen, especially a Several residents claim to have witnessed the
witnessed
14 149 2 verb ˈwɪtnəs crime or accident attack.
a substance that is in foods such as
sugar, bread, and potatoes, which
carbohydrate provides your body with heat and
energy and which consists of oxygen, You shouldn’t eat too much carbohydrate if you
14 149 2 noun ˌkɑːbəʊˈhaɪdreɪt hydrogen, and carbon don't exercise very much.
14 149 2 detrimental adj ˌdetrəˈmentl causing harm or damage Smoking is detrimental to your health.
if similar things diverge, they develop in
diverges different ways and so are no longer
14 149 2 verb daɪˈvɜːdʒ similar Global growth rates are diverging markedly.
to spoil or destroy something
ruined
14 149 3 verb ˈruːən completely All this mud’s going to ruin my shoes.
14 150 4 affections noun əˈfekʃən feeling of liking or love and caring She looked back on those days with affection.
the act of officially suggesting someone
or something for a position, duty, or
nomination
prize, or the fact of being suggested for
14 150 4 noun ˌnɒməˈneɪʃən it All the committee’s nominations were approved.
the words that are written down for
actors to say in a film, and the
screenplay
instructions that tell them what they My brother has written the screenplay for the
14 150 4 noun ˈskriːnpleɪ should do new Star Wars film.
someone who believes that good things My mother is an optimist no matter what
optimist
14 150 4 noun ˈɒptəmɪst will happen problems she has.
to make someone believe something He had been deceived by a young man claiming
deceived
14 150 4 verb dɪˈsiːv that is not true to be the son of a millionaire.
The laws of physics dictate that what goes up
dictate
14 150 4 verb dɪkˈteɪt to control or influence something must come down.
when something begins to be known or We have seen the emergence of new
emergence
14 150 4 noun ɪˈmɜːdʒəns noticed economies in South America.

Part of Definition
Example sentence
a special quality someone or something
has that makes people like them, feel
charm
attracted to them, or be easily The room had no windows and all the charm of
14 150 4 noun tʃɑːm influenced by them a prison cell
not having the right qualities for a
unsuited
14 150 4 adj ʌnˈsuːtəd particular job or purpose He was unsuited for the job.
She never gets any exercise – she must be
unfit
14 150 4 adj ʌnˈfɪt not in a good physical condition really unfit.
not good enough, big enough, skilled The parking facilities are inadequate for a busy
inadequate
14 150 4 adj ɪnˈædəkwət enough etc for a particular purpose shopping centre.
a thin wall that separates one part of a The office space was divided up using
partitions
14 150 5 noun pɑːˈtɪʃən room from another partitions.
a small part of a room that is separated There was a small shower cubicle attached to
cubicles
14 150 5 noun ˈkjuːbɪkəl from the rest of the room the bedroom.
someone whose job is to design
architects
14 150 5 noun ˈɑːkətekt buildings He admired the architects of the new city.
He made an outright attack on the government's
outright
14 151 6 adj ˈaʊtraɪt clear and direct economic policies.
a strong and direct criticism of someone The magazine recently published a vicious
attack
14 151 6 noun əˈtæk or something personal attack on the novelist.
done or made in the traditional or
authentic
14 151 6 adj ɔːˈθentɪk original way The restaurant serves authentic French food.

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