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FEG -2

Foundation Course in English-2

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1. Read the following passage and make notes in an appropriate format.

Chocolate. There are few foods that people feel as passionate about – a passion that goes beyond a love for

the “sweetness” of most candies or desserts: after all, few people crave caramel, whipped cream, or bubble

gum. Chocolate is, well, different. For the true chocoholic, just thinking about chocolate can evoke a

pleasurable response. Two years ago, my wife and I travelled to the Amazon. On one of our expeditions,

our guide pointed out a cacao tree growing wild in the jungle. I had never seen one before. Looking

strangely alien, dozens of yellow-green pods hung from the trunk and stems of the tree. Our guide picked

one of the hand-sized fruits, stripped off the rippled outer layer with his knife and handed us chunks of the

fibrous white pulp inside – the fruit of the cacao tree. Two local chi1ldren who had followed us into the

forest waited impatiently for their own turn. With practiced hands, a girl of about six borrowed the guide’s

knife, hacked off the covering from another pod and shared a big chunk of pulp with her brother. Few

people get to sample the fruit of the cacao tree. It was mild tasting, with a subtle, bittersweet chocolate

flavour. Embedded in the pulp were dark, purple-colored seeds that, after being dried and processed,

chocolate lovers like myself have come to recognize as “chocolate beans.”

The cacao tree (Theobroma cacao) is a native of Central and South America. Today, it is cultivated around

the equator, and can be found in the Caribbean, Africa, South-East Asia and even in the South Pacific

Islands of Samoa and New Guinea. By the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Aztecs had an advanced

and powerful civilization located in what is now central Mexico. Many people believe that the Aztecs first

developed chocolate. However, chocolate goes back much farther. The ancient Maya, who inhabited what

is now parts of southern Mexico and Central America, certainly consumed chocolate. In fact, the word

“cacao” is Mayan: as early as 500 A.D., the Mayans were writing about cacao on their pottery. Some think

chocolate may be even older, dating back to the Olmec civilization that preceded the Maya. The chocolate

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of these Mesoamerican civilizations was consumed as a bitter-tasting drink made of ground cacao beans

mixed with a variety of local ingredients, a drink that was said to build up resistance and fight fatigue.

Ans. Passion about Chocolates

Love for the sweetness

Evoke a pleasurable response

Where it caneform

Caco tree

Hand-sized fruits

Chunks of the fibrous while pulp inside

Mild tasting

Subtte

Bitter sweet chocolate flavour

Purple colour seeds dried and processed

Became choclate beans.

Native of central and South America

Found in Caribbean, Africa, south East, Soma and New Guinea

History of Chocolate

Beginning of the 16th century.

The Aztecs (Now in Central Mexico)

The ancient Maya (Now the parts of Southern Mexico and Central America)

Mayans in 500 AB

Dating back to olmec civilization

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Mesoamerican civilizations consumed a bither-tasting drink made of good and cocoa beans.

Title: Story of Chocolate.

Q. 2. Write a summary of the passage and suggest a suitable title.

Ans. The history of chocolate can be traced to the ancient Mayans, and even earlier to the ancient Olmecs of

southern Mexico. The word chocolate may conjure up images of sweet candy bars and luscious truffles, but

the chocolate of today is little like the chocolate of the past. Throughout much of history, chocolate was a

revered but bitter beverage, not a sweet, edible treat. Chocolate is made from the fruit of cacao trees, which

are native to Central and South America. The fruits are called pods and each pod contains around 40 cacao

beans. The beans are dried and roasted to create cocoa beans.

The Aztecs took chocolate admiration to another level. They believed cacao was given to them by their gods.

Like the Mayans, they enjoyed the caffeinated kick of hot or cold, spiced chocolate beverages in ornate

containers, but they also used cacao beans as currency to buy food and other goods. In Aztec culture, cacao

beans were considered more valuable than gold. The Olmecs undoubtedly passed their cacao knowledge on

to the Central American Mayans who not only consumed chocolate, they revered it. The Mayan written

history mentions chocolate drinks being used in celebrations and to finalize important transactions. Despite

chocolate's importance in Mayan culture, it wasn't reserved for the wealthy and powerful but readily

available to almost everyone. In many Mayan households, chocolate was enjoyed with every meal. Mayan

chocolate was thick and frothy and often combined with chili peppers, honey or water.

Q. 3. Write a paragraph of 100-150 words on any one of the following topics:

(a) The joint family system.

(b) Humility is a sign of scholarship.

(c) The role of art in our life.

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(d) Childhood memories.

Ans. Joint family as the name says is the joining of many families. In the olden times, in a family, when the

children grew big and got married, they stayed with their parents and no one moved out. When there were

four to five children in a house, all their families also stayed together. It would be like a huge family with

many members, including the grandparents. This was indeed a moral support to one another also, because in

case of any requirements or need, there would be someone whom you could turn to immediately. Children

would also enjoy a lot as they would have their cousins to play around all the time and they would be in unity,

while they grow. For any kind of decisions or work, it was all divided and the unity of the family would be

maintained.

However the disadvantage of a joint family is that each family would not have their own privacy space.

Sometimes a difference of opinion may result in a big dispute leading to drastic conditions. This was one

reason why people started moving out to nuclear families. However, the unity and bonding that you get and

feel while being in a joint family would not be obtained when being in a nuclear family. The bonding is strong

and children benefit the maximum by learning the values of being together and respecting their elders. Joint

families are almost nowhere in sight these days. I remember, as a child, my mother's family was a joint family

and we used to enjoy a lot when we visited them on vacations. It was so much fun, that even today we stay

connected and share all those great times that we spent together

4. Write a composition of 250-300 words based on any one of the pictures given below: (20)

A B C D E

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Ans. (a) Elephant is a strongest and biggest animal on the earth. It is quite famous for its big body, intelligence

and obedient nature. It lives in jungle however can be trained and used by people for various purposes. Its

peculiar features are four pillars like legs, two fan like ears, two small eyes, a short tail, a long trunk and two

long white tusks. Elephant eats leaves, stem of banana trees, grass, soft plants, nuts, fruits, etc., in the jungle.

It lives more than hundred and twenty years. It is found in India in the dense jungles of Assam, Mysore,

Tripura, etc. Generally elephants are of dark grey color however white elephants are found as well in the

Thailand. Elephant is an intelligent animal and has good learning capacity. It can be trained very easily

according to the use in circus, zoo, transport, carry loads, etc. It can carry heavy logs of timber to a long

distance from one place to another. It is an animal of kid's interest in the zoo or other places. A trained

elephant can perform various tasks such as delightful activities in the circus, etc. It can be very angry which

create danger to the humanity as it can destroy anything. It is useful animal even after death as its tusk, skin,

bones, etc., are used to make costly and artistic items. The baby of an elephant is called calf. Elephants come

under the category of mammals as they give birth to a baby and feed their milk. A baby elephant can take

almost 20 to 22 months in getting fully developed inside its mother womb. No other animal's baby takes such

a long time to develop before birth. A female elephant give birth to a single baby for every four or five years.

They give birth to a baby of 85 cm (33 inch) tall and 120 kg heavy. A baby elephant takes almost a year or

more to learn the use of trunk. A baby elephant can drink about 10 liters of milk daily. Elephants are at risk of

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extinction because of their size, prized ivory tusks, hunting, etc. They should be protected in order to maintain

their availability on the earth.

Q. 5. You are the Culture Secretary of your institution. Write a report in 250 words of a meeting held, to

discuss the forthcoming Annual Day.

Ans. It has been decided to hold the Annual Day celebrations on the 28th of October, 2018 at the Auditorium.

The event shall unfold from 10 AM sharp so that it will finish by 3.00 PM. The principal has decided to invite

Shri. Govind M.N, IAS, as our Chief Guest. A suitable memento is to be presented to him for his gracious

presence in the festivities. Various ideas have been put forward for showcasing the students talents and to

put a great show on for the parents and guests' benefit. Group, solo, duet or trio dances; songs, from

different sections of the school: Primary, secondary and higher sections will be held. Students interested in

group performances and solo performances for dance and songs are invited to give their names to the

undersigned. Screening for suitable plays will also be held. of the Annual Day celebrations. Students who have

won prizes on Sports Day are requested to come dressed in white uniform. There are spots vacant for

compeering of the ceremony and the programmes. Screening process to be held for selecting a compere.

Volunteers are required to help arrange, decorate and to superintend smooth conduct of the programmes. A

team of volunteers would be responsible for preparing agenda for the Annual day programmes. Interested

students are invited to submit their names. Last date for application to join any programme will be

25.02.2015. In case of any doubts or queries, please apply to the undersigned for clarification.

Arpit

Cultural Secretary

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Q. 6. A survey was recently conducted in your residential area regarding the creation and maintenance of

green sections which would be strictly for senior citizens and out of bounds for children. Write a report of

the survey outlining both the advantages and disadvantages of the proposal.

REPORT

Lush green parks are a common sight in privately developed residential colonies and in most places in our city.

Playgrounds and outdoor play equipment offer kids fresh air, friends and exercise. So it's important for

parents to make sure that faulty equipment, improper surfaces, and careless behavior don't ruin the fun. You

can make the playground entertaining and safe for your kids by checking equipment for potential hazards and

following some simple safety guidelines. And teaching kids how to play safely is important: If they know the

rules of the playground, they're less likely to get hurt. But now a days what we are experiencing the RWAs of

many of the localities forcing these children's to go out from these green areas because according to them

playing sports in these parks could be harmful and dangerous for others who is simply walking and doing other

activities there.

Following are few of the advantages and disadvantages for creating the green sections of the parks for the

seniors only:

Advantages

Senior citizens will feel relaxed and take rest in this green zone.

They get the much-needed privacy to share their problems with other people of their age.

Disadvantages

The playing area for children would be reduced.

They would not be able to interact with their elders which will create a generation gap between children and

their grandparents.

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Karnika patilya

f.223 malviya Nagar delhi

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