Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Release
J Controlled by CNS
J Stimuli : Trauma, chemicals, diurnal rhythms, emotion
Glucocorticoids
GLUCORTICOID MINERALOCORTICOID
Metabolic effect Retension of Na-H2O
Antiinflamatorry/ Immunosupresive BP, Edema
Emotional stress
Trauma Diurnal rhythms
Hypothalamus
CRF
Anterior pituitary glands
Negative ACTH
inhibition
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal steroids
▪ Zona glomerulosa
▪ Affect electrolyte and water metabolism
▪ Sodium & water retention à edema, BP
▪ Endogenous mineralocorticoids :
▪ Aldosterone à 30-‐150 µg/daily
▪ Desoxycorticosterone
SYNTHESIS & SECRETION:
Untoward effects :
• Rare
• Hypersensitivity reactions
• Toxicity is dose-‐related (corticosteroid
excess)
§ Glucocorticoids
▪ Promote normal intermediary metabolism
▪ Gluconeogenesis
Amino acid uptake by the liver and kidney↑
Elevating activities of gluconeogenic enzymes
▪ Stimulate protein catabolism (except in the the
liver) and lipolysis
▪ Glucocorticoid insuff. à hypoglycemia
¡ Increase resistance to stress
§ Plasma glucose levels ↑
à energy >< stress (trauma, fright, infection,
bleeding, debilitating disease)
§ Blood pressure ↑(vasoconstrictor action↑)
Hydrocortisone ≈ Hypersecretion of
natural cortisol glucocorticoids
• Dosage : 2/3 morning + 1/3 Hydrocortisone • Excessive release of
afternoon corticotropin
• Adrenal tumor
Fludrocortisone
(synthetic
mineralocorticoid
with some glucocr.
activity)
Replacement
therapy for • An enzymes defect in the synthesis of one or more
congenital adrenal adrenal steroid hormone
hyperplasia (CAH)
Increase if :
-‐ Large amounts adm.
-‐ Stress
-‐ Hypothyroidism
-‐ Liver disease
-Short-acting -Hydrocortisone 1 1
(8-12 hours) -Cortisone 0,8 0,8
-Long-acting -Betamethasone 35 0
(1-3 days) -Dexamethasone 30 0
-Paramethasone 10 0
Atrophi
Metyrapone
Aminoglutethim
Spironolactone
ide
Mifepristone Ketoconazole
Glucocorticoids: principal and adverse effect
KORTIKOSTEROID
TOPIKAL
Dianjurkan pemakaian salep 2-3 x/hari
Epidermal Vaskular
Efek
Samping
Pemilihan berdasarkan potensi
Frekuensi pemakaian
Berdasarkan tempat