Bicol University

College of Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Legazpi City, Albay
A.Y. 2019-2020

LABORATORY PLAN
EXPERIMENT 2 in Chemistry for Engineers
(REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)

GROUP 6 BSChE-1A

Bello, Camille
Durana, Jessica
Saenz, Joseah
Bunao, Mara
Ocampo, Neza
Laguidao, Randy
 Experiment 2 in Chemistry for Engineers
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

I. Objectives:
 To observe chemical reactions going to completion through precipitate.
 To differentiate each reaction from one another in term of the precipitates formed
 To have insights about the solubility rules to predict formation of precipitates
 To notice solubility characteristics of various solids with solvents.
 To be familiar with the laboratory reagents.
II. Materials:
Quantity Material/Equipment Quantity Material/Equipment

1 10 mL measuring pipet 1 Wash bottle

2 mL measuring
5 1 Graduated Cylinder
pipet/droppers

5 25 mL volumetric flask 5 Watch glass

17 Test tubes 5 Spatula

2 Test tube racks Distilled water

1 50 mL beaker Deionized water

1 Aspirator Waste bottles

Reagents MSDS

Appearance: white or yellow solid.

Danger! Corrosive. Water-reactive. Causes severe eye and skin burns.
Causes severe digestive and respiratory tract burns. Harmful if
swallowed.
𝐾𝑂𝐻 Target Organs: Respiratory system, eyes, skin.
Flammability Rating: 0 - None
Reactivity Rating: 2 - Moderate

Appearance: White
Hazard Statements
May intensify fire; oxidizer
Causes serious eye irritation
𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂3
May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Substance is nonflammable; use agent most appropriate to extinguish
surrounding fire

Appearance: dark gray to black or brown powder.

Danger! Causes burns by all exposure routes. Harmful if swallowed.
May cause liver and kidney damage. May cause adverse reproductive
𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙3 effects based upon animal studies.
Target Organs: Kidneys, liver, cardiovascular system.
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose
upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes
 This chemical is not considered hazardous by the 2012 OSHA Hazard
𝐾𝐶𝑙 Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)
Appearance: White

Appearance: white crystals.

Danger! Strong oxidizer. Contact with other material may cause a fire.
Harmful if inhaled or swallowed. Causes eye, skin, and respiratory tract
irritation. May cause central nervous system effects. May cause kidney
𝐵𝑎(𝑁𝑂3 )2 damage. May cause cardiac disturbances.
Target Organs: Kidneys, central nervous system, muscles,
cardiovascular system.
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and
pressures.

III. Procedure:
CAUTION: Our laboratory has limited supplies. Always prepare the least amount of chemicals
that is sufficient to perform the activity. Observe laboratory safety at all times.

A. Pre-Laboratory Experiment
(a) Prepare all the materials needed. Fill-out the borrowers slip, make sure that all the
materials and its specification are all indicated.
(b) Prepare the necessary labeling for each container and droppers/pipets.
(c) The leader will discuss to the members the MSDS of the reagents before proceeding
to the actual experiments.
B. During Experimentation

Precipitation Reactions
1. Preparation of Materials and Chemical Reagents
Before the actual experimentation, the group will gather and prepare the
needed materials, equipment and chemical reagents. To determine the amount of
solute needed for every chemical reagent and will be diluted to a 25-mL solution,
calculations are done below.

Potassium hydroxide (KOH)

56.11 𝑔
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑂𝐻 (𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠) = (0.025 𝐿)(0.2 𝑀) ( ) = 0.28 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Sodium nitrate (NaNO3)
84.99 𝑔
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂3 (𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠) = (0.025 𝐿)(0.2 𝑀) ( ) = 0.42 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Ferric chloride (FeCl3)
162.204 𝑔
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙3 (𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠) = (0.025 𝐿)(0.1 𝑀) ( ) = 0.41 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Potassium chloride (KCl)
74.55 𝑔
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝐶𝑙 (𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠) = (0.025 𝐿)(0.4 𝑀) ( ) = 0.75 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2)

261.33 𝑔
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎(𝑁𝑂3 )2 (𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠) = (0.025 𝐿)(0.1 𝑀) ( ) = 0.65 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
2. Reaction between solutions/ chemicals

The dilution will be done in a 25-mL volumetric flask for each reagent. The leader
will record the color of each of the prepared reagent solutions. The task is to react one
solution of chemical to another solution with specified amount for each solution.
Pipettes or droppers will be prepared and each pipet will be assigned to one chemical
solution in order to avoid contamination of other chemicals.

From a 25 mL solution, the group will transfer 1 mL of one chemical solution for
each test tubes. In the group’s case, there are five chemical reagent solutions that
should be reacted with one another, that’s why the group will prepare four test tubes
for each combination of two chemical solutions.

Ba(OH) 2 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂3 𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙3 𝐾𝐶𝑙 𝐵𝑎(𝑁𝑂3 )2

𝐾𝑂𝐻
𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂3
𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙3
𝐾𝐶𝑙
𝐵𝑎(𝑁𝑂3 )2

Table 2 shows the chemical reagents that will be combined/ reacted with each
other. 1 mL of the first chemical solution will be reacted to 1 mL of the other four
chemical solutions. To fully understand the process, prefer to the figure below.

Reacted to 1 mL
NaNO3

Reacted to 1 mL
FeCl3
1 mL of
KOH
Reacted to 1 mL
KCl

Reacted to 1 mL
Ba(NO3)2

This process will be repeated until all the possible combinations of asset have been
tested. The group will observe and describe the reaction, especially the color and
appearance of all precipitates formed.

Gas Forming Reactions

1) From a mother reagent, the group will get and utilize 2mL of deionized
water, 2 mL of 2M 𝐻𝐶𝑙. Moreover, Calcium Carbonate and Sodium Sulfate
will be utilized too in this experiment.
 2) Prepare two set-ups, each set-up consist of one test tube.
I. First set-up:
i. To a clean and dry test tube, add a sample of chalk (𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 )
that is sbout the size of a pencil eraser.
ii. Using a dropper/pipet, add 1 mL of deionized water to the
test tube.
iii. Then, using another dropper/pipet, add 1 mL of 2M 𝐻𝐶𝑙.
iv. Observe the reaction when the 1 mL of 2M 𝐻𝐶𝑙 is added.
Record all the observation.
II. Second set-up:
i. To another clean and dry test tube, add 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4 (Quantity?).
ii. Add 1 mL of deionized water using another dropper/pipet to
the test tube.
iii. Then, using another dropper, add 1 mL of 2M 𝐻𝐶𝑙 to the test
tube.
iv. Observe the reaction and record all the observations.
NOTE: In this experiment, use well labeled dropper/pipet to avoid contamination. Use one
dropper/pipet per type of chemical.
IV. Post- Laboratory Experiment
1. Disposed the chemicals properly. Use separate bottles for each used chemical. Don’t return
the excess chemical to its mother reagent.
2. Clean the working area before leaving.
3. Wash and dry all the apparatuses used before returning it.