Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Course taking practicals of CHE 1103(1): B.Eng. (Hons.) Chemical Engineering (Minor: Energy
Engineering & Minor: Environmental Engineering)/B.Eng. (Hons.) Civil Engineering/B.Eng.
(Hons.) Mechanical Engineering

Level of Study: Level 1

Module Name: Chemistry for Engineers [CHE 1103(1)]

Safety Measures in laboratory

The highest priority in the laboratory is personal safety. Therefore students must be sure to dress
properly during laboratory activities and thus must wear the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

 Long hair, loose clothing or dangling jewelry is a hazard in the lab. Long hair must be tied
back and loose clothing must be secured.

 When in the lab wear shoes that completely cover the foot. Sandals are not allowed in the lab.
Wear footwear that protects the feet; do not wear open-toe shoes or shoes with cloth or woven
uppers. Never be barefoot where chemicals are being used.

 Lab coats are mandatory

 Wear Safety glasses or goggles in the laboratory when handling any chemical.

 Wear protective gloves when handling corrosive chemicals or biological agents. These are not
to be worn in non-lab areas. (I.e. remove them before going to the washroom). When
appropriate, wear only gloves made of a material known to resist penetration by the chemical
being handled and that have been checked for pin holes, tears, or rips and the absence of
interior contamination.

 Students are required to read the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) of any chemicals before
using the chemicals for practical purpose. (MSDS can be downloaded on the following link
(www.sciencelab.com/msds)

 HANDOUT SHOULD BE CONSULTED BEFORE COMING IN THE LAB AND BRING A HARDCOPY
DURING PRACTICAL CLASS.

1|Page
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

PRACTICAL 1: ACID BASE TITRATION AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYTICAL METHOD

Experiment 1: Determination of the molarity of a solution of hydrochloric acid using the

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH 0.5 M) secondary standard.

Glassware Required Chemicals Required

 Erlenmeyer flasks(Conical Flask) 250 ml Hydrochloric Acid [HCL]

 Pipette 25 ml Sodium Hydroxide [NaOH]

 Beaker Phenolphthalein Indicator

 Burette

1.0 INTRODUCTION

An acid–base titration is the determination of the concentration of an acid or base by exactly

neutralizing the acid or base with an acid or base of known concentration. This allows for quantitative
analysis of the concentration of an unknown acid or base solution. It makes use of the neutralization
reaction that occurs between acids and bases. Acid–base titrations can also be used to find percent
purity of chemicals. The analyte (titrand) is the solution with an unknown molarity. The reagent
(titrant) is the solution with a known molarity that will react with the analyte.

A useful indicator has a strong color that changes quickly near its pKa. These traits are desirable so
only a small amount of an indicator is needed. If a large amount of indicator is used, the indicator will
affect the final pH, lowering the accuracy of the experiment. The indicator should also have a pKa
value near the pH of the titration's endpoint. For example an analyte that is a weak base would require
an indicator with a pKa less than 7. Choosing an indicator with a pKa near the endpoint's pH will also
reduce error because the color change occurs sharply during the endpoint where the pH spikes, giving
a more precise endpoint. The Figure below shows a Basic Titration Curve.

The balanced chemical equation related to is

HCl(aq) +NaOH(aq)→H2O(l) + Na+ +Cl−

2|Page
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

Or just the net ionic equation

H++OH−→H2O(l)

1.1 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

1. To understand the concept of Acid-Base Reaction and Quantitative Analytical Method.

2. To determine the Molarity of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) used.

1.2 PROCEDURE

1. Use a 25.00-mL pipet to transfer 25.00 mL of HCl solutions into an Erlenmeyer flask 250 ml.

2. Add two drops of Phenolphthalein indicator provided.

3. Titrate the HCl solutions with the Sodium Hydroxide (0.5 M NaOH) from the burette. (Note: Don’t
forget to rinse your burette with the NaOH first before starting your titration).

4. Observe the colour changes and take note of your final burette reading.

5. Repeat the procedure for two more sample of HCl.

6. Take an average of the two closest burette reading and determine the molarity of the HCl.

Experiment 2: STANDARDISING SODIUM THIOSULPHATE SOLUTON

Iodine-thiosulphate titrations are examples of redox titrations. Iodine is reduced to the iodide ion by
the thiosulphate ion. The half equations for this reaction are:

I2 (aq) + 2 e-  2 I-(aq)

2 S2O3 2- (aq)  S4O6 2-(aq) + 2 e-

Overall reaction

I2 (aq) + 2 S2O3 2-(aq)  2 I-(aq) + S4O6 2-(aq)

Yellow colourless colourless colourless

2.0 INTRODUCTION

3|Page
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

Iodine-thiosulphate titrations are often used to determine the concentration of oxidising agents. The
oxidising agent is reacted with an excess of potassium iodide, producing iodine. The iodine that is
produced is then titrated against sodium thiosulphate pentahydrate, to find how much iodine was
produced by the reaction of the oxidising agent with potassium iodide. Once the amount of iodine has
been found, the amount of the original oxidising agent can be calculated.

In iodine-thiosulphate titrations, a standard solution of Na 2S2O3.5H2O is added to the iodine solution

from a burette. In these circumstances the end-point would be a change from a pale yellow solution of
iodine to a colourless solution of iodide ions, which does not give a clear end-point. In order to obtain
a clear end-point, as it is approached (a pale yellow colour), starch solution is added. This forms an
intense blue-black colour in the presence of iodine, even in low concentrations.

When all the iodine has been reduced at the end-point, the solution turns colorless (although it may
change back to blue due to the re-oxidation of iodide to iodine by air – the end-point is taken to be
when the solution remains colorless for at least 30 seconds). The starch should not be added until
the iodine solution is pale yellow, as the iodine would become strongly adsorbed onto the starch
making the titration less accurate.

Chemicals required:

 Sodium Thiosulphate Pentahydrate [Na2S2O3.5H2O]

 Potassium Iodate [KIO3]

 Potassium Iodide [KI]

 Starch Indicator

2.1 PROCEDURE

The equation for the reaction between iodate (V) and iodide is:

IO3-(aq) + 6 H+ (aq) + 5 I-(aq)  3 I2 (aq) + 3 H2O (l)

1) The sodium thiosulphate pentahydrate has a concentration of about 0.1 M. Calculate the mass of
potassium iodate needed to be dissolved in a 250 cm 3 standard solution to give a titre of around 25
cm3.

2) Make up a 250 cm3 standard solution of potassium iodate.

3) Pipette 25 cm3 of the solution into a conical flask and add about 20 cm 3 of 1 M sulphuric acid and
about 10 cm3 of 0.5 M potassium iodide solution (both are large excesses).

4) Titrate the mixture against the sodium thiosulphate solution, using starch as indicator near the end
point.

5) Repeat the experiment twice and note the results.

4|Page
 Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout
6) Use your average result of two closest burette reading to find the concentration of the sodium
thiosulphate solution.
CHEMICAL HAZARD
Hydrochloric Toxic, Very hazardous in
Acid case of skin contact
(corrosive, irritant,
permeator), of eye
contact (irritant,
corrosive) Never add
water to this product.
Sodium Very hazardous in case
Hydroxide of skin contact
(corrosive, irritant,
permeator), of eye
contact(irritant,corrosive)
,of ingestion and
inhalation
Phenolphthalein Hazardous in case of skin
Indicator contact (irritant), of eye
contact (irritant), of
ingestion, of inhalation.
Slightly hazardous in
case of skin contact
(permeator). Flammable:
Keep away from heat;
Keep away from sources
of ignition.
Sodium Hazardous in case of
Thiosulphate ingestion, of inhalation.
Pentahydrate Slightly hazardous in
case of skin contact
(irritant), of eye contact
(irritant).
Potassium Iodate Hazardous in case of skin
& Eye contact (irritant),
of ingestion, of
inhalation. Over-
exposure by inhalation
may cause respiratory
irritation
CHE 1103(1)
CHEMICAL HAZARD SUMMARY
PROTECTIVE FIRST AID
MEASURES
Wear gloves and eye Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case
protection. of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at
least 15 min and get medical attention immediately.
Fuming- so avoid Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at
inhalation and wear least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing
& shoes.
protective mask if
necessary and make
use of extractors or
fume hood
Wear gloves and eye Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case
protection. of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at
least 15 min and get medical attention immediately.
Fuming- so avoid Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at
inhalation and wear least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing
& shoes.
protective mask if
necessary and make
use of extractors or
fume hood
Wear gloves and eye Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses.
protection. Immediately flush eyes with running water for at least 15
minutes, keeping eyelids open. Cold water may be used. Get
Standard lab Practice medical attention. Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with
plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing
contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention
immediately.
Wear gloves and eye Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case
protection. of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at
least 15 min and get medical attention immediately.
Standard lab Practice
Wear gloves and eye Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at
protection. least 15 minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical
attention. Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of
Standard lab Practice water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient & Get medical
attention.
5|Page
 Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

Potassium Iodide Slightly hazardous in Wear gloves and eye Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case
case of skin & eye protection. of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at
contact (irritant), of least 15 minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention
ingestion, of inhalation Standard lab Practice if irritation occurs.

Starch Indicator Non-corrosive for skin. Standard lab Practice Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with running water for at
Non-sensitizer for skin least 15 minutes, keeping eyelids open. Cold water may be
used.

Skin Contact: No known effect on skin contact, rinse with water

for a few minutes.

Complete MSDS (Material Safety Datasheets) are available and may be downloaded on the following
link (www.sciencelab.com/msds). It is mandatory to read the MSDS beforehand in order to handle the
chemicals safely.

REFERENCES/SOURCES OF DATA

https://www.apsu.edu/...
www.rsc.org/.../titrating-sodium-hydroxide-with-hydrochl...
https://www.lahc.edu/classes/chemistry/arias/Exp%207%20-%20AcidBaseF11.pdf
https://www.scribd.com/doc/97249910/Experiment-5-Oxidation-Reduction-Titration-Iodimetry
http://www1.udel.edu/chem/beebe/Chem120/Chem120LAB%203HypochloriteinBleach.pdf
http://www.cengage.com/resource_uploads/downloads/0030355230_17075.pdf
www.ehs.wisc.edu/chemsafety.htm
blink.ucsd.edu/go/chemicalsafety
https://www.acs.org/.../chemicalsafety/.../chemical-safety-...
www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/.../Chem_Safety.shtml
www.osha.gov/SLTC/laboratories/index.html
www.sciencelab.com/msds

6|Page
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

PRACTICAL 2 & 3 : BEER’S LAW AND APPLICATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Equipment Required:

 Hach DR 2500 Spectrophotometer (wavelength range 365nm-800nm)

Glasswares Required

 Vials 10 ml

 Volumetric flask

 Pipette 10 ml

 Beaker

Chemicals Required

 Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate [CuSO4.5H2O]

 Copper Chloride Dihydrate [CuCl2.2H2O]

 Distilled water

 Reactive Blue 221dye sample (Optional- Depending upon availability of time)

Safety Measures in laboratory

7|Page
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

The highest priority in the laboratory is personal safety. Therefore students must be sure to dress
properly during laboratory activities:

 Long hair, loose clothing or dangling jewelry is a hazard in the lab. Long hair must be tied
back and loose clothing must be secured.

 When in the lab wear shoes that completely cover the foot. Sandals are not allowed in the lab.
Wear footwear that protects the feet; do not wear open-toe shoes or shoes with cloth or woven
uppers. Never be barefoot where chemicals are being used.

 Lab coats are mandatory

 Wear Safety glasses or goggles in the laboratory when handling any chemical.

 Wear protective gloves when handling corrosive chemicals or biological agents. These are not
to be worn in non-lab areas. (I.e. remove them before going to the washroom). When
appropriate, wear only gloves made of a material known to resist penetration by the chemical
being handled and that have been checked for pin holes, tears, or rips and the absence of
interior contamination.

 Students are required to read the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) of any chemicals before
using the chemicals for practical purpose. (MSDS can be downloaded on the following link
(www.sciencelab.com/msds)

1.0 INTRODUCTION

A useful analytical tool for determining the concentration of colored material in solution is absorption
spectrophotometry. Colored substances absorb light in the visible spectrum and the amount of light
absorbed is proportional to the concentration of the substance in solution. Light brings us news of the
universe. Most of what we know about everything from atoms to stars has come through the
examination of light emanating from these objects. Our perception of light is mostly in the visible
range of radiant wavelengths, from roughly 400-800 nm.

If Io is the intensity of light entering a solution and It is the intensity of light exiting the solution, then
the transmittance, T, of the solution is given as It/Io. Transmittance is also expressed as a percentage,
(It/Io)(100%). Frequently, the absorbance, A, rather than transmittance is used for the amount of light
a solution absorbs. Absorbance is defined by the equation A = -log (T) or A = log (Io/It). The

8|Page
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

absorbance of a solution depends on the quantity of light absorbed by the species in the solution, the
wavelength of the light entering the solution, the length of the solution the light has to pass through,
and the concentration of the solution.

In this experiment, you will verify the Beer-Lambert Law (or Beer’s Law for short), one of the most
fundamental and widely applied spectroscopic laws. In the first part of the experiment you will
determine where in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum copper sulphate pentahydrate
solution and copper chloride dehydrate solution absorbs light. In the second part, you will determine
the nature of the relationship between absorbance and the concentration of an unknown solution.

An operation statement of Beer’s Law can be represented as A = εcl where “c” is the concentration of
some absorbing substance in solution, “l” is the optical path length, and “ε” (epsilon) is the molar
absorptivity. The molar absorptivity is a constant that depends on the nature of the absorbing solution
system and the wavelength of the light passing through it. A plot that shows the dependence of A (or
ε) on wavelength is called a spectrum.

In this experiment an absorption spectra curve of absorption versus wavelength will be obtained for a
copper sulfate pentahydrate CuSO 4.5H2O solution. From the absorption spectra, the wavelength of
maximum absorption is determined and a calibration curve relating absorption to concentration for
copper sulphate pentahydrate is prepared. Using the calibration curve, the concentration of an
unknown sample is determined by measuring its absorption at the selected wavelength.

2.0 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

 To learn about spectrophotometry and the factors involved with Beer’s Law.

 To determine λmax (The maximum absorbance value at a particular wavelength) for copper (II)
sulphate pentahydrate and Copper Chloride Dihydrate.

 To find the concentration of an unknown solution.

3.0 PROCEDURE

3.1 General steps to select the best wavelength on a spectrophotometer.

When developing a new procedure, or using procedures that are sensitive to wavelength, it is normal
to select the wavelength where the instrument gives the greatest absorbance.

9|Page
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

1. Select single wavelength adjustment.

2. Enter a wavelength in the range of interest.

Note: Sample color provides a good indication of what wavelength region to use. A yellow solution
absorbs light in the 400–500 nm regions. A red solution absorbs light between 500–600 nm. A blue
solution absorbs light in the 600–700 nm range.

3. Prepare the sample and blank for analysis (blank is distilled water only). Fill the appropriate sample
cells with the blank and the sample solutions.

4. Place the blank in the cell holder. Zero the instrument.

5. Place the prepared sample into the cell holder. Read the absorbance level.

6. Increase the wavelength so it is at least 100 nm greater than the range of interest. Re-zero as in step
4, measure and record the absorbance of the sample.

7. Repeat, decreasing the wavelength by 50 nm. Re-zero, then measure and record the absorbance at
each increment. Continue this process throughout the wavelength range of interest. Note the
wavelength of greatest absorbance.

8. Adjust the wavelength to 50 nm more than the highest absorbance point on the initial search (step
7). Re-zero as in step 5. Measure and record the absorbance.

9. Repeat, decreasing the absorbance in 5-nm steps. Re-zero, then measure and record the absorbance
at each increment. Continue until the entire range of interest is measured.

Check to be sure there is enough difference in absorbance between samples with low and high analyte
concentrations by measuring two sample solutions that contain the expected low and high
concentrations of analyte at the optimum wavelength. The figure below gives you an example which
indicates the maximum wavelength for a particular solution.

10 | P a g e
 Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

3.2 Preparing a Calibration Curve

1. Prepare at least five standards of known concentration that cover the expected range of the test. Run
tests as described in the procedure on each prepared standard.

2. Select the proper wavelength. Standardize (zero) the instrument using a reagent blank.

3. Measure and record the absorbance of the known solutions within the time constraints detailed in
the procedure. Plot a graph of Absorbance versus Concentration Calibration and determine an
equation for the line using the slope and y-intercept.

4. Determine the concentration of your unknown sample from the graph or equation.

5. The same procedure can be adapted to determine the concentration of an unknown Reactive Blue
221dye sample. (Optional- Depending upon availability of time)

CHEMICAL HAZARD SUMMARY

CHEMICAL HAZARD PROTECTIVE FIRST AID

MEASURES

11 | P a g e
 Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

Copper Sulfate Hazardous in case of skin Wear gloves and eye Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case
Pentahydrate contact (irritant), of eye protection. of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at
contact (irritant), of least 15 minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical
ingestion, of inhalation. Standard lab Practice attention. Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of
water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Remove
contaminated clothing and shoes. Cold water may be used.
Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before
reuse. Get medical attention
.
Copper Chloride Very hazardous in case Wear gloves and eye Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case
Dihydrate of skin contact (irritant), protection. of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at
of eye contact (irritant), least 15 min and get medical attention immediately.
Wear protective Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at
of ingestion, of
mask. least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing
inhalation. Hazardous in & shoes.
case of skin contact
(permeator). Corrosive to Standard lab Practice
eyes and skin. Skin
contact can produce
inflammation and
blistering. Inhalation of
dust will produce
irritation to gastro-
intestinal or respiratory
tract, characterized by
burning, sneezing and
coughing.

Complete MSDS (Material Safety Datasheets) are available and may be downloaded on the following
link (www.sciencelab.com/msds). It is mandatory to read the MSDS beforehand in order to handle the
chemicals safely.

STANDARD SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR USING DR 2500 LIGHT

SPECTROPHOTOMETER INSTRUMENT

Tips for Using the Touch Screen

1. The entire screen is touch-activated. Spend a few minutes touching various items on the screen to
see how they work.

2. To make a selection, touch the screen with your fingernail, fingertip, pencil eraser, or a stylus.

12 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

3. Do not touch the screen with a sharp object, such as the tip of a ball point pen. Do not scratch the
touchscreen. Never use a pen, pencil, or other sharp object on the surface of the touchscreen.

4. Use scroll bars to move up and down long lists very quickly. Touch and hold the scroll bar, then
move your fingertip up or down to move through the list.

5. The touchscreen is water-resistant, but should not be exposed to direct rain or moisture. In general,
treat the instrument as you would treat other electronic instruments. The touchscreen contains a glass
element. Protect the touchscreen against a strong impact.

Sample Cell Holders

CAUTION do not place vials that are hotter than 100 °C (212 °F) into any of the sample cell holders.

Inserting and Removing Samples

DANGER
This instrument is not intended for use with flammable samples or those containing hydrocarbons,
except as required for specific Hach Program.

Storage

Protect the instrument from temperature e extremes, including heaters, direct sunlight, and other heat
sources. Do not store or use the instrument in any location that is extremely dusty, damp, or wet.

Cleaning the Instrument and Glass Vials

Use a soft, damp cotton cloth to wipe the instrument and the touchscreen. If the surface of the
touchscreen becomes soiled, you may clean it with a soft cloth. Do not use strong solvents. Clean
glass Vials with detergent and water. Rinse the vials several times with tap water, and then rinse
thoroughly with deionized water.

Taking a Reading

When you have finished preparing and zeroing your sample s according to the Procedures Manual,
place the sample cell (vials) into the instrument. Close the cover. To u c h Read if necessary. If you
have set your instrument so that Display Lock is off, the instrument will take readings continuously
after you have zeroed the instrument. If Display Lock is on, you have to touch Read before each
reading will appear.

REFERENCES/SOURCES OF DATA

http://www.chem.ucla.edu/~gchemlab/colorimetric_web.htm
http://uncw.edu/chem/Courses/Reeves/OnLineLabs/scienceMajors/BeersLaw_PH.pdf
http://teaching.shu.ac.uk/hwb/chemistry/tutorials/molspec/beers1.htm
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/uvvisible/beerlambert.html
http://www.ccri.edu/chemistry/courses/chem_1100/wirkkala/labs/Spectroscopy_Beer's_Law.pdf
http://www.oneonta.edu/faculty/kotzjc/LAB/Spec_Expt.pdf
http://www.laney.edu/wp/cheli-fossum/files/2011/08/18-Absorption-Beers-Law.pdf
kurtniedenzu.cmswiki.wikispaces.net/file/view/Beer+Law+lab+-+cobalt+chloride.doc
13 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

www.ehs.wisc.edu/chemsafety.htm
blink.ucsd.edu/go/chemicalsafety
https://www.acs.org/.../chemicalsafety/.../chemical-safety-...
www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/.../Chem_Safety.shtml
www.osha.gov/SLTC/laboratories/index.html
www.sciencelab.com/msds

DR/2500 Laboratory Spectrophotometer Handbook-Hach

DR/2500 Spectrophotometer Instrument Manual-Hach

14 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

PRACTICAL 4: DETERMINATION OF NITRITE

15 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

16 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

17 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

18 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

PRACTICAL 5: DETERMINATION OF PHOSPHATE

19 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

20 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

21 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

22 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

23 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

24 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

25 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

CHEMICAL HAZARD SUMMARY FOR HACH REAGENTS

26 | P a g e
 Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

CHEMICAL HAZARD PROTECTIVE FIRST AID

MEASURES

PhosVer 3 Very hazardous in case Wear gloves and eye Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case
Phosphate of skin contact protection. of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at
Reagent contains (corrosive, irritant), of least 15 min and get medical attention immediately.
eye contact (irritant), of Standard lab Practice Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at
Potassium
ingestion. Hazardous in least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing
Pyrosulfate and case of skin contact & shoes.
Sodium (permeator), of
Molybdate inhalation. May cause
respiratory tract
irritation. Do not Ingest

NitriVer 3 Very hazardous in case Wear gloves and eye Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case
Nitrite Reagent of skin contact protection. of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at
contains (corrosive, irritant), of least 15 min and get medical attention immediately.
Standard lab Practice Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at
Potassium eye contact (irritant), of
least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing
Pyrosulfate ingestion. Hazardous in & shoes.
case of skin contact
(permeator), of
inhalation. May cause
respiratory tract
irritation. Do not Ingest.

Sodium Nitrite Very hazardous in case Wear gloves and eye Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case
of eye contact (irritant), protection. of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at
of ingestion, of least 15 min and get medical attention immediately.
Wear protective Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at
inhalation. Hazardous in
mask. least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing
case of skin contact & shoes. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give
(irritant). Slightly artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get
hazardous in case of skin Standard lab Practice
medical attention immediately
contact (permeator).
Over-exposure by
inhalation may cause
respiratory irritation.
Toxic if swallowed. Very
Toxic To aquatic life.
Oxidiser: May Intensify
Fire

Phosphate Slightly Hazardous in Wear gloves and eye Eyes: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes,
Standard case of skin & Eye protection. occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids until no evidence
Solution contact (irritant), Eye: of chemical remains. Get medical aid. Skin: Flush skin with
May cause eye irritation. Standard lab Practice plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing
Skin: May cause skin contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation
irritation. develops or persists.

Complete MSDS (Material Safety Datasheets) are available and may be downloaded on the following
link (www.sciencelab.com/msds). It is mandatory to read the MSDS beforehand in order to handle the
chemicals safely.

27 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

HAZARD WARNING SYMBOL

28 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

IMPORTANT POINTS & Good Work Habits

29 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

• Never work alone in the laboratory or storage area.

• Never eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics, or chew gum or tobacco in the laboratory or
storage area. Do not store or consume food or beverages in a laboratory environment.

• Always keep containers of chemicals closed when not in use.

• Never pipet by mouth.

• After working in a laboratory and after cleaning up spills, thoroughly wash hands and arms
and clean under fingernails.

• Restrain loose clothing (e.g., sleeves, full-cut blouses, neckties) and long hair and remove
dangling jewelry.

• Never leave heat sources unattended (e.g., gas burners, hot plates, heating mantles, sand
baths).

• Do not store chemicals and/or apparatus on the lab bench.

• Keep lab shelves organized.

• Never place a chemical, not even water, near the edges of a lab bench or workspace.

• Use a fume hood that is known to be in operating condition when working with toxic,
flammable, and/or volatile substances.

• Never put your head inside a fume hood.

• Never store anything in a fume hood.

• Obtain, read, and be sure you understand the MSDS for each chemical that is to be used
before starting an experiment.

• Analyze new lab procedures in advance to identify any hazardous aspects. Minimize and/or
eliminate these hazardous components before proceeding.

• Provide protection for yourself and others nearby.

• Identify which chemicals in the laboratory may be properly disposed of down the sink drain
and which may not be. If this information is not in the MSDS, ask your lab in charger.

• Do not inadvertently mix chemicals in the sink drain; clear the first chemical from the drain
by flushing, then introduce the next chemical (provided both are known to be harmless to the
environment, of course).

• Make sure you are aware of the tipple wash procedure. Reagent bottles must be rinsed 3
times before being discarded. First water rinse is considered chemical waste and must be
30 | P a g e
Chemistry For Engineers Practical Handout CHE 1103(1)

collected in the appropriate waste container. Second and third water rinses can go down the
drain. Ensure water is running when flushing rinse water down the drain.

Safety Wear (Personal Protective Equipment-PPE)

• Always wear safety goggles.

• When appropriate, wear only gloves made of a material known to resist penetration by the
chemical being handled and that have been checked for pin holes, tears, or rips and the
absence of interior contamination.

• Always wear a laboratory coat or apron and Wear footwear that protects the feet; do not
wear open-toe shoes or shoes with cloth or woven uppers. Never be barefoot where chemicals
are being used.

A Commentary on Safety

Whether we teach chemistry, biology, physics, general science, or other science courses, we
have all heard about some serious chemical accident. Sometimes, we are inclined to be
content with the fact that it did not happen to us and sort of hopefully let it go at that.

On the other hand, to make that hope a little more secure for those who have not yet had a
serious accident and to make it less likely that there will be another one for those who have
experienced a serious accident, let us consider the four principles of chemical safety

1. The manner of use of a chemical determines the probability that harms will or will
not follow (Every chemical, without exception, is hazardous; that is, every chemical has the
potential to cause harm)

2. If it might happen, it will happen—eventually.

3. Each and every person is individually and personally responsible for the safe use of
chemicals (Use a chemical only if you have reviewed the label and MSDS; and therefore.
Know in advance the hazards presented by that chemical. Know in advance the precautions
you must follow to minimize the probability of harm)

4. Be prepared in advance to be able to carry out the necessary first aid and emergency
measures in the event something goes wrong.

31 | P a g e