Ancient India Vedic & Buddha Period: Transportation Engineering - II (Town Planning)

Prof. S.K. Patil, www.skpatil.
com 1
Transportation Engineering – II (Town Planning)
Ancient India Vedic & Buddha Period
Course Learning Outcomes:

• At the end of this session, the student will be
able to principles of Town Planning during
ancient India Era
1/7/2018 .
Prof. S.K. Patil, www.skpatil.com 2
Prof. (Dr.) Sachin Kishor Patil

B.E. Civil, M.E. Civil Environmental Engineering, Ph.D. (IIT, Bombay)
❑ Professor & Head of Department
❑ Department of Civil Engineering
❑ AMGOI, Vathar, Kolhapur, MH, India.
The study material presented by Prof. S K Patil is licensed under

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available for community use under Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 unported License.
If you feel the ownership of some of the content, I can acknowledge

or remove as the case may be. Permissions beyond the scope of this
license can be requested at www.skpatil.com
1/7/2018 Disclaimer and acknowledgment

TP in Vedic Period
3
Upto 400 BC
Prof. S.K. Patil, www.skpatil.com
 Book - “Viswa Karmaprakash” – States principle as “Layout

First then Plan Houses”
 Manasara SilpaSastram
 Ancient building code Vastu Sasthram,
 designing houses,
 planning cities and communities
 Deals with architecture and spatial organisation of
residential quarters.
 Soil Study
 Climate
 Topography
 Orientation
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 Layouts of towns
Ancient Layouts of Town in Vedic Period
4
1. Dandaka (dMDk )
 2. Sarvathobhadra (sava-taoBad/)
 3. Nandyavarta (naMd\yava-t)
 4. Padmaka (pdmak )
 5. Swastika (svaistk )
 6. Prastara (p/str )
 7. Karmuka (kama-uK )
 8. Chaturmukha (catu-mauK )
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1. Dandaka (दं डक )
5
 Dandaka type of town plan provides for two main entrance gates
 Generally adopted for small towns and villages,
 The village offices being located in the east.
 The female deity of the village or the chamadevata will generally
be located outside the village
The male deities in the northern portion.
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 Grid road
2. Sarvathobhadra (सर्वतोभद्र
6
This type of town plan is


applicable to larger villages
and towns, which have to be
constructed on a square site.
 According to this plan, the
whole town should be fully
occupied by houses of
various descriptions and
inhabited by all classes of
people.
 The temple dominates the
village.
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3. Nandyavarta (Flower Type)
7
(नन्द्यार्तव)
This plan is commonly used for

the construction of towns and not
for villages.
 It is generally adopted for the sites
either circular or square in shape,
with not less than three thousand
houses, but not more than four
thousand.
 The streets run parallel to the
central adjoining streets with the
temple of the presiding deity in the
center of the town.
 “Nandyavarta” is the name of a
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flower, the form of which is

followed in this layout.
4. Padmaka (Lotus Flower) (पद्मक)
8
This type of plan was


practiced for building of
the towns with fortress
all round.
 The pattern of the plan
resembles the petals of
lotus radiating outwards
from the center.
 The city used to be
practically an island
surrounded by water,
having no scope for
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expansion
5. Swastika (स्र्स्स्तक)
9
Swastika type of plan


contemplates some diagonal
streets dividing the site into
certain triangular plots.
 The site need not be marked
out into a square or rectangle
and it may be of any shape.
 A rampart wall surrounds the
town, with a moat at its foot
filled with water.
 Two main streets cross each
other at the center, running
south to north and west to
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east.
6. Prastara (प्रस्तर)
10
The characteristic feature of this plan is that the site may be either
square or rectangular but not triangular or circular.

 The sites are set apart for the poor, the middle class, the rich and the
very rich
 The sizes of the sites increasing according to the capacity of each to
purchase or build upon.

 The main roads
are much wider

compared to those
of other patterns.
 The town may or
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may not be surrounded

7. Karmuka (कार्क
मव )
11
This plan is suitable for the place where the site of the town is in
the form of a bow or semi-circular or parabolic.

 Mostly applied for towns located on the seashore or riverbanks.
 The main streets of the town run from north to south or east to
west and the cross streets run at right-angles to them, dividing the
whole area into blocks.
 The presiding deity,
commonly a female deity,

is installed in the temple
build in any convenient
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place.
8. Chaturmukha (चतर्
म खमव )
12
Chaturmukha type of plan is applicable to all towns starting from the

largest town to the smallest village.

 The site may be either square or rectangular having four faces.
 The town is laid out east to west lengthwise, with four main streets.
 The temple of the presiding deity will be always at the center
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TP in Buddhist Period (320-185 BC)
13
Chanakya (Kautilya)
 Regulation by zoning
 Rajmarga (main road) min width 30 ft
 Roads - Grid iron pattern
 Eg. Patali-putra, Taksa-Sila, Nalanda
 Sectoral arrangement (clubbing) – Nos. 16
 Houses- with Garden, ponds & Wells
 Under-ground drainage
 City – 16X3.5 Km
 City surrounded by deep moat (180 m)
1/15/2018
 Surrounded by Gates and watch towers

Ancient India Vedic & Buddha Period: Transportation Engineering - II (Town Planning)

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Prof. S.K. Patil, www.skpatil.

Transportation Engineering – II (Town Planning)

Ancient India Vedic & Buddha Period

Course Learning Outcomes:

Prof. (Dr.) Sachin Kishor Patil

The study material presented by Prof. S K Patil is licensed under

If you feel the ownership of some of the content, I can acknowledge

1/7/2018 Disclaimer and acknowledgment

 Book - “Viswa Karmaprakash” – States principle as “Layout

This type of town plan is

flower, the form of which is

This type of plan was

Swastika type of plan

square or rectangular but not triangular or circular.

purchase or build upon.

are much wider

may not be surrounded

the form of a bow or semi-circular or parabolic.

commonly a female deity,

Chaturmukha type of plan is applicable to all towns starting from the

largest town to the smallest village.

 Surrounded by Gates and watch towers

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