Professional Documents
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BRAVO 3A
•The liner can be manufactured using a superior material to the cylinder block. While the cylinder
block is made from a grey cast iron, the liner is manufactured from a cast iron alloyed with chromium,
vanadium and molybdenum. (cast iron contains graphite, a lubricant. The alloying elements help resist
corrosion and improve the wear resistance at high temperatures.)
•The cylinder liner will wear with use, and therefore may have to be replaced. The cylinder jacket lasts
the life of the engine.
•At working temperature, the liner is a lot hotter than the jacket. The liner will expand more and is free
to expand diametrically and lengthwise. If they were cast as one piece, then unacceptable thermal
stresses would be set up, causing fracture of the material.
•Less risk of defects. The more complex the casting, the more difficult to produce a homogenous
casting with low residual stresses.
The Medium Speed 4 Stroke Trunk Piston Engine
The Cylinder Head
The Cylinder Head
Cylinder heads for 4 stroke engines are of a complex design. They have
to house the inlet and exhaust valves, the fuel injector, the air start
valve, relief valve and indicator cock. The passages for the inlet air and
exhaust gas are incorporated, as are the cooling water passages and
spaces.
Diaphragm Spring Type Single
Plate Clutch
diaphragm spring type clutch
A diaphragm spring type clutch is shown in fig. where shows the clutch in the
engaged position and in the disengaged position. It is seen from the above
figures that the diaphragm spring is supported on a fulcrum retaining ring so
that any section through the spring can be regarded as a simple lever. The
pressure plate E is movable axially, but it is fixed radically with respect to the
cover. This is done by providing a series of equally spaced lugs cast upon the
back surface of the pressure plate. The drive from the engine flywheel is
transmitted through the cover, pressure plate and the friction plate to the gear
box input shaft. The clutch is disengaged by pressing the clutch pedal which
actuates the release fingers by means of a release ring. This pivots the spring
about its fulcrum, relieving the spring load on the outside diameter, thereby
disconnecting the drive.
Turbocharger
Turbocharger
A turbocharger, or turbo, is a gas compressor. It is used to force air into
an internal combustion engine. A turbocharger is a form of forced
induction. It increases the amount of air entering the engine to create
more power. A turbocharger has the compressor powered by a turbine.
The turbine is driven by the exhaust gas from the engine. It does not use a
direct mechanical drive. This helps to improve the performance of the
turbocharger.
Scavenge Fires
Scavenge Fires
For a scavenge fire to begin there must be present a combustible material, oxygen or
air to support combustion, and a source of heat at a temperature high enough to
start combustion. In the case of scavenge fires the combustible material is oil. The oil
can be cylinder oil which has drained down from the cylinder spaces, or crankcase oil
carried upwards on the piston rod because of a faulty stuffing box. In some cases the
cylinder oil residues may also contain fuel oil. The fuel may come from defective
injectors, injectors with incorrect pressure setting, fuel particles striking the cylinders
and other similar causes. The oxygen necessary for combustion comes from the
scavenge air which is in plentiful supply for the operation of the engines. The source
of heat for ignition comes from piston blowby, slow ignition and afterburning, or
excessive exhaust back pressure, which causes a blowback through the scavenge
ports.
Charge air cooler
Charge air cooler
The charge air coolers fitted to reduce the temperature of air after the
turbo-charger and before entry to the diesel engine cylinder, are provided
with fins on the heat transfer surfaces to compensate for the relatively
poor heat transfer properties of air. Solid drawn tubes with a semi-
flattened cross section, have been favoured (Figure 1). These are threaded
through the thin copper fin plates and bonded to them with solder for
maximum heat transfer.
Main Bearing
Main Bearing
Bearings, which directly supports and are in contact with the
crankshaft of the engine are known as main bearings.
The crank pin bearings are attached at the bottom end part of the
connecting rod on the crankshaft crank. It helps the connecting rod to
transfer the reciprocating motion to rotary motion in a smooth manner.
Oil to lubricate the crankpin bearing is supplied through a hole drilled in
the conrod from the crosshead.
PISTON PINS BEARING
PISTON PINS BEARING
The bearings used in connection with most piston pins are of the sleeve
bearing or bushing type. These bearings may be further identified
according to location—the piston boss piston pin bearings and the
connecting rod piston bearings.
CAMSHAFT
CAMSHAFT
The camshaft is a mechanical component of an internal
combustion engine. It opens and closes the inlet and exhaust valves of
the engine at the right time, with the exact stroke and in a precisely
defined sequence. The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft by way of
gearwheels, a toothed belt or a timing chain. With a transmission ratio of
2:1, the rate of rotation of the camshaft is half that of the crankshaft.
Pushrods
Pushrods
a metal rod transmitting the reciprocating motion that operates the valves of
an internal-combustion engine having the camshaft in the crankcase
ROCKER ARM
ROCKER ARM