Absorption Module

About this file

Objectives

Systematize the process of content selection for the lessons

(This includes Formulas, Figures, Definitions, etc...)

Facilitate the updating

Facilitate the planning of each chapter, lessons and interactions between them
(links, order, generation of figures)

Facilitate the continuity of the project

(This file can be used as model for other lessons (distillation, extraction, etc...))

Sheets:
Absorption 1 ---> a. Index of contents of the TVT lecture and b. organisation of the Table of Contents (TOC)
Absorption 2 ---> TOC I
Absorption 3 ---> TOC II
Absorption ---> Index + TOC
 Absorption Module

Hyper-TVT Project
Pilot Project "Distillation"
Prof. Dr. Marco Mazzotti
Script

Absorption

a. Index of contents

1. Introduction and definitions

2. From flash to distillation
3. Binary Distillation
3.1 Design Specification and external balance
3.2 Stage sby stage balances
3.3 Constant molar overflow
3.4 Mc_Cabe Thiele method
3.5 Non-standard Distillation columns
4. Multicomponent distillation
4.1 Design Specification and external balance
4.2 Fenske method: infinite reflux
4.3 Underwood method: minimum reflux
4.4 Gilland method: finite reflux
5. Non-ideal stages and efficiency
6. Azeotropic distillation
7. Equipment design for liquid-gas operation

b. Organisation of the table

Part Glossary Concepts Assumptions Equations Visual aids Diagrams Applications Exercises Bibliography
n. Chapter in the lesson Words to include in the Main topics to learn in Simplifications assumed in Equations used or Schemes that Diagrams that Examples List of Resources to be
Glossary, appearing in that that chapter that chapter derived in that should appear in should appear in related to life or execises used in order to
chapter chapter that chapter to fully that chapter to that could help (bibliography) build the
understand the fully understand to understand and ideas for chapter
concepts of that the concepts of the concepts of problems/tests,
chapter, video or that chapter that chapter etc
sound files

Example:
4. Process Design Specification Design Problem Insoluble carrier gas (L/G)min Absorption Operating line ETH
for single solute absorption Data/Spec/Unknowns Non-volatile solvent Operating line Column Mc Cabe constr. C&R
(L/G)min Gas/Liquid flow constant Idem n->infinite IGC
Costs Constant temperature Costs
One solute
Ideal stages
Part Glossary Concepts Assumptions Equations Visual aids Diagrams Applications Exercises Bibliography
1. Introduction and definitions Distillation Vapor/liquid operation Molar ratio Distillation Column ETH
Flash evaporation Vapor/Liquid equilibria Henry's Law IGC
Distillate Rss
Bottom cascadinng evaporation Wk
Solute separating by heating: volatility
volatility

2. From Flash to Distillation Phase diagram Phase diagram Clapeyron? Piston Phase diagram- 241 F&R
Vapor pressure The Gibbs phase rule Antoine pv vs. T-247
Phase Raoult's and Henry's law Gibbs law Txy-262
Volatility Representation of v-l eq. Raoult pxy-262
Degree of freedom Henry
Ideal solution
Partial pressure
Bubble-point temperature
Dew-point temperature
3. Binary Distillation
3.1 Design Specification and external balances Fractional Abs. Insoluble carrier gas Mass balances Stages Operating line - ETH
in co-curr case Non-volatile solvent -global total Equ. Line C&R
Gas/Liquid flow constant -global partial
Linear equilibrium (Henry) Operating line n
Constant temperature Equilibrium courve
One solute A factor
Ideal stages
3.2 Stage by stage balances Fractional Abs. Insoluble carrier gas Mass balances Stages Operating lines - ETH
cross-curr Non-volatile solvent -global total C&R
Gas/Liquid flow constant -global partial
Linear equilibrium (Henry) Operating line
Constant temperature Equilibrium courve
One solute A factor
Ideal stages
3.3 Constant molar overflow Fractional Abs. Insoluble carrier gas Mass balances Stages Operating line - ETH
counter-curr Non-volatile solvent -global total Step by step constr. C&R
Eq. Design Process Gas/Liquid flow constant -global partial
step by step construction Operating line
Minimal number stages Constant temperature Equilibrium courve
One solute A factor
Ideal stages Kremser Equation
3.4 Mc_Cabe Thiele method Comparison Comparison
Ideal stages
3.5 Non-standard distillation columns Fractional Abs. Insoluble carrier gas Mass balances Stages Operating line - ETH
counter-curr Non-volatile solvent -global total Step by step constr. C&R

4. Multicomponent distillation Tray Type of contactors F-factor Tray column scheme Operating region ex. Rousseau p277
4.1 Design Specification and external balances Fractional Abs. Insoluble carrier gas Mass balances Stages Operating line - ETH
in co-curr case Non-volatile solvent -global total Equ. Line C&R
Gas/Liquid flow constant -global partial
Linear equilibrium (Henry) Operating line n
Constant temperature Equilibrium courve
One solute A factor
Ideal stages
4.2 Fenske method: infinite reflux Fractional Abs. Insoluble carrier gas Mass balances Stages Operating lines - ETH
cross-curr Non-volatile solvent -global total C&R
Gas/Liquid flow constant -global partial
Linear equilibrium (Henry) Operating line
Constant temperature Equilibrium courve
One solute A factor
Ideal stages
4.3 Underwood method: minimum reflux Fractional Abs. Insoluble carrier gas Mass balances Stages Operating line - ETH
counter-curr Non-volatile solvent -global total Step by step constr. C&R
Eq. Design Process Gas/Liquid flow constant -global partial
step by step construction Operating line
Ideal stages
4.4 Gilland method: finite reflux Fractional Abs. Insoluble carrier gas Mass balances Stages Operating line - ETH
Minimal number stages Constant temperature Equilibrium courve
One solute A factor
Ideal stages Kremser Equation
5. Non ideal stage and efficiency Packed colum TRAY Col. Fmax, Fmin gas Types of trays Flow regimes Perry p14-24
Contacting unit 1. Design parameters Liquid load Types of flow (tray) Froth height Rousseau p280
Sieve tray 2. Operation region Max liquid load A tray Entrainment p383/ p384 Rousseau p281
Contacting unit Max and min Gas Load Relative liquid holdup$ Column scheme Perry p14-30
Gas/Liquid Load Max and min Liquid load Froth height Plate distribution Perry p14-25
Relative free area Representation of the region Dispersion coefficient Perforations types Wankat p372
Hole diameter 3. Two phase flow Interfacial area Bubbles-cap Rousseau p292
Superficial gas velocity Flow regimes Pressure drop Downcomers arrangements Wankat p376
Active area Relative liquid holdup components Mechanical suports ?
Cross section Froth height efficiencies Tray column picture
weir lenght Liquid entrainment Packed column scheme
Relative liquid holdup Liquid mixing ... Types of packing Rousseau p297
Clear liquid height Distribution? Structured packing Rousseau p300
Froth height Interfacial area Liquid distributors Rousseau p302
Weir height Pressure drop Support plates Perry p14-47
Entrainment 4. Mass Transfer
Orifice coefficient efficiencies VIDEO
Discharge coefficient HOW to solve design problem
Interfacial area
Number of transfer units
Diffusion coefficient
Point efficiency
Tray efficiency
Skirt clearence lenght
Skirt clearence height
Drop pressure
6. Azeotropic distillation Design Problem Insoluble carrier gas (L/G)min Absorption Operating line ETH
Data/Spec/Unknowns Non-volatile solvent Operating line Column Mc Cabe constr. C&R
(L/G)min Gas/Liquid flow constant Idem n->nfinite IGC
Costs Constant temperature Costs McCTS
One solute O&T
Ideal stages
Part Glossary Concepts Assumptions Equations Visual aids Diagrams Applications Exercises Bibliography
7. Process Design for multicomponent absorption Key componenet Design Problem Insoluble carrier gas Equilibrium j comp. Absorption Operating line ETH
Difference equation Data/Spec/Unknowns Non-volatile solvent Aj factor column Mc Cabe constr. C&R
Equilibrium conditions Gas/Liquid flow constant Fract. Absorp. (j) Idem n->nfinite IGC
Linear equilibrium (Henry) Mass Balances Costs
Constant temperature
More than one solute Kramser Non-linear Equ.?
Ideal stages Operating line
8. Stripping (single solute) Stripping Factor Design Problem Insoluble carrier gas Mass Balances Stage: flows Operating line
Fraction of stripping Operating line Non-volatile solvent -global total Stripping column Mc Cabe constr. ETH
Stripping Factor (L/G)max Gas/Liquid flow constant -global partial Idem n->nfinite C&R
Comparison with Abs. Linear equilibrium (Henry) Operating line Comparison
Constant temperature Equilibrium courve
One solute Stripping factor
Ideal stages Fraction of stripping
(L/G)max with absorption
Kramser
9. Non-ideal stages and efficiency Efficiency Design Problem Insoluble carrier gas Murphry Efficiency Stage zoom: flows Operating line ETH
Overall efficiency Data/Spec/Unknowns Non-volatile solvent Mass Balances Absorption Mc Cabe constr. C&R
Murphry Efficiency Gas/Liquid flow constant -global total column Stage zoom: IGC
Number of stages Linear equilibrium (Henry) -global partial conc. profile
Comparison with ideal Constant temperature Mass Balances
Overall efficiency More than one solute -local partial
Non-ideal stage Operating line
Equilibrium courve
Overall efficiency
10. Packed absorption columns HETP Design Problem ETH
(Chemical potentials) Approaches: C&R
Diffusion -stages
-mass transfer
10.1 Fick's law and film models Molecular diffusion Fick's Law Diluted systems Fick's Law Films/ Diffusion ETH
Diffusion coeficient Tipical diff. coefic. Steady state Mass transf.coeff. C&R
Mass transfer coeff. Approaches: MT
1-One film model
2-Two films model
Mass transf.coeff.
10.2 Process Design using HTU/ NTU model HTU Design Problem Insoluble carrier gas Mass balances Absorption Operating line ETH
NTU Mass transf.problem Non-volatile solvent Fick's Law column Mc Cabe constr. C&R
Specific mass Gas/Liquid flow constant Equilibrium courve Column slices IGC
transfer surface Linear equilibrium (Henry) Specific mass
Constant temperature transfer surface
More than one solute Height of the column
HTU (Hog) constant
11. Absorption Design with non-linear equilibrium Design Problem Insoluble carrier gas Operating line Operating line ETH
Non-volatile solvent Equilibrium courve Mc Cabe constr.
Gas/Liquid flow constant
Non-linear equilibrium
Constant temperature
More than one solute
12. Non isothermal Design
13. Chemisorption
 Absorption Module
Hyper-TVT Project
Pilot Project "Absorption"
Prof. Dr. Marco Mazzotti
Script

Absorption
Content
1. Introduction and definitions
2. Thermodinamical aspects of the Absorption
3. Ideal Equilibrium Stage
4. Multiple Stages
4.1 Co-current cascade
4.2 Cross-current cascade
4.3 Counter-current cascade
5. Contactors (G-L Equipment)
6. Process Design for single solute absorption
7. Process Design for multicomponent absorption
8. Stripping (single solute)
9. Non-ideal stages and efficiency
10. Packed absorption columns
10.1 Fick's law and film models
10.2 Process Design using HTU/ NTU model
11. Absorption Design with non-linear equilibrium
12. Chemisorption?
Part Glossary Concepts Assumptions Equations Visual aids Diagrams Applications Exercises Bibliography
1. Introduction and definitions Absorption Present operation Molar ratio Absorption (Cost courve) ETH
Stripping Henry's Law Henry's Law column (Temperature IGC
Carrier Gas (Solvent Selection) effects) C&R
Solvent (Working Costs) Flow rate vs. Z
Capacity of absorption Gas treatment plant
Chemisorption (Temperature Effects)
General assumptions
2. Ideal Equilibrium Stage Absorption Factor Absorption Factor Insoluble carrier gas Mass balances Single stage Operating line ETH
Fractional Absorption Fractional Absorption Non-volatile solvent -global total C&R
Operating Line Operating Line Gas/Liquid flow constant -global partial
One solute Operating line
Ideal stages Equilibrium courve
Linear equilibrium (Henry)
Constant temperature
3. Multiple Stages
3.1 Co-current cascade Fractional Abs. Insoluble carrier gas Mass balances Stages Operating line ETH
in co-curr case Non-volatile solvent -global total Equ. Line C&R

Gas/Liquid flow constant -global partial

Linear equilibrium (Henry) Operating line n
Constant temperature Equilibrium courve
One solute A factor
Ideal stages
3.2 Cross-current cascade Fractional Abs. Insoluble carrier gas Mass balances Stages Operating lines ETH
cross-curr Non-volatile solvent -global total Comparison C&R
Comparison with last Gas/Liquid flow constant -global partial co-current
Linear equilibrium (Henry) Operating line
Constant temperature Equilibrium courve
One solute A factor
Ideal stages
3.3 Counter-current cascade Fractional Abs. Insoluble carrier gas Mass balances Stages Operating line ETH
counter-curr Non-volatile solvent -global total Mc Cabe constr. C&R
Eq. Design Process Gas/Liquid flow constant -global partial Comparison
McCabe construction Linear equilibrium (Henry) Operating line last two
Minimal number stages Constant temperature Equilibrium courve
Comparison with last tw One solute A factor
Ideal stages Kremser Equation
4. Process Design for single solute absorption Design Problem Insoluble carrier gas (L/G)min Absorption Operating line ETH
Data/Spec/Unknowns Non-volatile solvent Operating line Column Mc Cabe constr. C&R
(L/G)min Gas/Liquid flow constant Idem n->nfinite IGC
Costs Constant temperature Costs
One solute
Ideal stages
5. Process Design for multicomponent absorption Key componenet Design Problem Insoluble carrier gas Equilibrium j comp. Absorption Operating line ETH
Difference equation Data/Spec/Unknowns Non-volatile solvent Aj factor column Mc Cabe constr. C&R
Equilibrium conditions Gas/Liquid flow constant Fract. Absorp. (j) Idem n->nfinite IGC
Linear equilibrium (Henry) Mass Balances Costs
Constant temperature
More than one solute Kramser Non-linear Equ.?
Ideal stages Operating line
6. Stripping (single solute) Stripping Factor Design Problem Insoluble carrier gas Mass Balances Stage: flows Operating line
Fraction of stripping Operating line Non-volatile solvent -global total Stripping column Mc Cabe constr. ETH
Stripping Factor (L/G)max Gas/Liquid flow constant -global partial Idem n->nfinite C&R
Comparison with Abs. Linear equilibrium (Henry) Operating line Comparison
Constant temperature Equilibrium courve
One solute Stripping factor
Ideal stages Fraction of stripping
(L/G)max with absorption
Kramser
7. Non-ideal stages and efficiency Efficiency Design Problem Insoluble carrier gas Murphry Efficiency Stage zoom: flows Operating line ETH
Overall efficiency Data/Spec/Unknowns Non-volatile solvent Mass Balances Absorption Mc Cabe constr. C&R
Murphry Efficiency Gas/Liquid flow constant -global total column Stage zoom: IGC
Number of stages Linear equilibrium (Henry) -global partial conc. profile
Comparison with ideal Constant temperature Mass Balances
Overall efficiency More than one solute -local partial
Non-ideal stage Operating line
Equilibrium courve
Overall efficiency
8. Packed absorption columns HETP Design Problem
(Chemical potentials) Approaches:
Diffusion -stages
-mass transfer
8.1 Fick's law and film models Molecular diffusion Fick's Law Diluted systems Fick's Law Films/ Diffusion
Diffusion coeficient Tipical diff. coefic. Steady state Mass transf.coeff.