MICROBIAL CARDIOVASCULAR AND SYSTEMIC DISEASES
DISEASES DESCRIPTION
 Presence of microbial
infection of the blood
and can lead to
Septicemia
lymphangitis
Bacteremia and
 Bacterial septicemia
Toxemia
 Bacteria remain fixed at
site of infection and
release toxin in blood
Bacterial colonization of
endocardium triggers
inflammation and formation of
Endocarditis
vegetation (bulky masses of
platelets and clotting proteins
that surround and bury
bacteria)
Brucellosis
(Bang’s disease:
Disease of animals that can
Bernhard Bang; Malta
transfer to humans
fever, Rock fever of
Gibraltar and fever of
Crete)
Tularemia Zoonotic disease
Caused great pandemics
Bubonic plague: enlarged
lymph nodes called buboes
Pneumonic plague: occurs
Plague
when the bacterium spreads to
the lungs
Difficulty breathing can develop
rapidly
CAUSATIVE AGENT
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Neisseria meningitides: G(-)
aerobes
E.coli and speacies of Salmonella:
Facultative anaerobes
Bacteroides: anaerobic species
S. aureus and Streptococcus
pneumonia: G(+)
Streptococcus pyogenes: Toxic-
shock-like syndrome
Viridans streptococci: green
pigment when cultured on blood
S. aureus and S. epidermidis: skin
Streptococcus pneumonia: pharynx
Enterococcus and Escherichia:
digestive tract
Neisseria, Pseudomonas,
Bartonella, Mycobacterium and
Mycoplasm
Brucella: G(-) coccobacilli
Brucella melitensis: goats and
sheep
B. abortus: cattle
B. suis: swine
B. canis: dogs, foxes and coyotes
Francisella tularensis: small,
nonmotile, aerobic, G(-)
coccobacillus
Yersinia pestis: G(-), rod-shaped
VIRULENCE FACTOR/S TREATMENT/MANAGEMENT
Form capsules
Endotoxin: released from
Gram-negative bacteria
Intravenous fluid replacement to
Siderophores: steal iron
mitigate fluid loss
Destroying erythrocyte:
release iron from
hemoglobin into blood
Intravenous antibacterial drugs
Not highly invasive Prophylactic antibiotics for high-
risk patients when needed
No treatment
Endotoxin
Doxycycline and rifampicin or
Has ability to grow and
streptomycin
multiply
Attenuated vaccine for animals
Streptomycin or gentamycin and
Lipid capsule
Tetracycline
Endotoxin
Vaccine
Adhesins - attachment
Type III secretion system –
inject antiphagocytic proteins
into dendritic celss,
neutrophils or macrophages
Streptomycin or Gentamycin
Capsule
Antiphagocytic proteins
Endotoxin – trigger
inflammation, fever and
blood clotting
 MICROBIAL CARDIOVASCULAR AND SYSTEMIC DISEASES
Three phases in untreated Uses magnesium instead of
patients: iron ELISA and western blot test
Borrelia burgdorferi: uses
Lyme Disease Bull's-eye rash at infection site Active endotoxin Doxycycline, Cefuroxime or
Manganese
Neurological symptoms Changes outer membrane Amoxicillin
Severe arthritis antigens frequently
Ehrlichia chaffeensis causes
ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichiosis (Human
Tick-borne human disease Anaplasma phagocytophilum
monocytic
Resemble the flu (Ehrlichia equ) causes Endocytosis (internalization
ehrlichiosis HME) and Doxycycline
Leukopenia (decrease on anaplasmosis by a cell)
Anaplasmosis Serological testing
WBC) and thrombocytopenia Rickettsias, G(-), highly Prevent fusion of lysosomes
(Human granulocytic
(decrease of platelets) pleomorphic, obligate
anaplasmosis HGA)
intracellular parasites of
eukaryotic cells
Icosahedral capsid
Fluorescent antibodies againt
Infectious Suppressed apoptosis
Interaction of patient’s cellular anti-EBV immunoglobulin
Mononucleosis Human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4) or EBV infection: Chronic
immune system infected B ELISA Test
(Kissing disease or Epstein-Barr virus: dsRNA fatigue syndrome, B cell
lymphocytes Chemotherapy
mono) lymphomas and oral hairy
leukoplakia
ELISA tests and DNA probes
Ganciclovir: slow release of CMV
Cytomegalovirus: enveloped, Remains in a latent state
Cytomegalovirus but do not affect the course of
Cells infected are enlarged dsRNA with an icosahedral until immune system is
(CMV) disease
capsid compromised
Formivirsen: inhibit replication of
CMV in retinal cells (eye infection)
First stage: fever, headache,
muscle aches
Second stage: period of
Genus: Flavivirus
remission
Family: Flaviviridae ELISA or Viral Nucleic Acid via
Third stage: delirium, seizures, Intracellular replication cycle;
Yellow Fever Yellow fever virus: (+) ssRNA , PCR
coma, hemorrhaging Adhesins
arbovirus, with an icosahedral Vaccine
Hemorrhaging in the intestines
capsid
may result in “black vomit”
Liver damage “Yellow Jack”
causes jaundice
Dengue fever and Dengue fever
Dengue virus: enveloped, (+) Aedes: vectors of all four
Dengue Hemorrhagic First phase: fever, edema, head No specific treatment available
ssRNA with icosahedral capsids strains of dengue viruses
Fever and muscle pain
 MICROBIAL CARDIOVASCULAR AND SYSTEMIC DISEASES
Second phase: return of fever
and red rash
Dengue hemorrhagic fever
Internal bleeding, shock, and
possibly death
African Viral Ebola and Marburg
Hemorrhagic Fever hemorrhagic fevers
Associated with parasite's life in
erythrocytes
Fever, chills, diarrhea,
Malaria
headache
Anemia, weakness, and fatigue
gradually occur
Major disease in AIDS
Fetal infections can cause
Toxoplasmosis
numerous conditions, including
(Toxo)
spontaneous abortion or
stillbirth
Swelling at infection site and
nonspecific symptoms
Chagas’
Chronic manifestations can
occur years after infection
Swimmer's itch may occur at
infection site
Schistosomiasis Eggs deposited throughout
body can cause other
symptoms
Ebolavirus or Marburgvirus:
unsegmented, -ssRNA: must
convert into mRNA before an
infected cell can transcribe viral
polypeptides
Plasmodium: exoerythrocytic
phase, erythrocytic phase,
sporogonic phase
Toxoplasma gondii: apicomplexan
protozoan
Trypanosoma cruzi: flagellated
protozoan
Schistosoma mansoni: Caribbean,
South American, and Africa
S. haematobium: Africa and India
S. japonicum: Asia, parasitic
helminth
Enveloped viruses have long
Supportive care involving fluid and
filamentous capsids which
electrolyte replacement
curve back upon themselves
Reproductive cycle hides
parasite from immune
surveillance
Malaria secretome injects
toxins into host cells
Adhesins allow red blood Chloroquine
cells to adhere to certain Pyrimethamine + Artesunate
tissues
Merozoites form within
vesicles and avoid detection
Changes in body chemistry
attract other mosquitoes
Ability of oocysts and of
pseudocysts to parasitize a
Clindamycin
wide variety of hosts
Pyrimethamine
Infect many different cells
Sulfonamides
within a host
Survive intracellularly
Intracellular life
Antigen switching Benznidazole
Synthesis of protein that Nifurtimox
inhibits immunity
Can burrow through human
Praziquantel
skin