Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

MODULE 6 DRUGS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES

SUSPECTED BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

CLASSIFICATION GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME INDICATION MECHANISM MANUFACTURER
OF ACTION
Penicillin Ampicillin Ampivex Various infections Inhibiting North China Pharma
due to susceptible Peptidoglycan layer
organisms including synthesis in the cell
biliary tract wall. (Bactericidal)
infections,
endocarditis,
bronchitis,
gastro-enteritis,
gonorrhea,
listeriosis,
meningitis, upper &
lower resp tract
infections, otitis
media, perinatal
streptococcal
infections,
peritonitis,
septicemia, typhoid
& paratyphoid fever
& UTI.
Inhibitor of cell wall Vancomycin Pfizer Vancomycin Potentially Cell wall inhibitor Hospira
synthesis HCl life-threatening (bactericidal)
infections which
cannot be treated w/
another effective,
less toxic
antimicrobial drug,
Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS
Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

including penicillin
& cephalosporin.
Severe
staphylococcal
(including
methicillin-resistant
staphylococcal)
infections in patients
who cannot receive
or who have failed to
respond to penicillins
& cephalosporins or
who have infections
w/ staph that are
resistant to other
antibiotics. Alone or
in combination w/
aminoglycoside for
the treatment of
endocarditis caused
by Strep viridans or
Strep bovis;
endocarditis caused
by Enterococci
(Strep faecalis);
diphtheroid
endocarditis. Early
onset prosthetic
valve endocarditis by
Staph epidermidis or
diphtheroid in
combination w/
rifampicin.
Osteomyelitis,
pneumonia,
septicaemia, skin &
Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS
Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

skin structure
infection. Oral
treatment of
staphylococcal
enterocolitis &
antibiotic associated
pseudomembranous
colitis (produced by
C. difficile).
Cephalosporins (3 rd Cefotaxime Cefotax Lower resp tract, Inhibit bacterial cell Singapore
generation) gynecological, skin wall synthesis Pharmawealth
& skin structure, (bactericidal). Lifesciences
intra-abdominal,
bone or joint, &
CNS infections,
UTI;
bacteremia/septicemi
a. Peri-op
prophylaxis.
Cephalosporins (3 rd Ceftriaxone Ceftrox Treatment of Inhibit bacterial cell Singapore
generation) susceptible infections wall synthesis Pharmawealth
eg, chancroid, (bactericidal). Lifesciences
endocarditis,
gastroenteritis,
gonorrhea, Lyme
disease, meningitis,
septicemia, syphilis,
typhoid fever &
Whipple's disease &
for surgical infection
prophylaxis.
Carbapenems Imipenem inhibits bacterial cell
wall synthesis
(bactericidal).

Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS

Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

SUSPECTED VIRAL MENINGITIS

CLASSIFICATION GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME INDICATION MECHANISM MANUFACTURER
OF ACTION
Antiviral (synthetic Acyclovir (for Zovirax Treatment of herpes Acyclovir is a GSK
nucleoside analogues) suspected herpes simplex virus synthetic purine
simplex or herpes infections of the skin nucleoside analogue
zoster) & mucous with in vitro and in
membranes including vivo inhibitory
initial & recurrent activity against
genital herpes. human herpes
Prevention of viruses, including
recurrent herpes herpes simplex virus
simplex infections in (HSV) types 1 and 2,
immune-competent varicella-zoster virus
patients. Prophylaxis (VZV), Epstein-Barr
of herpes simplex virus (EBV) and
infections in cytomegalovirus
immune-compromise (CMV). In cell
d patients. Treatment culture, acyclovir
of varicella has the greatest
infections antiviral activity
(chickenpox) & against HSV-1,
herpes zoster followed (in
(shingles). decreasing order of
Management of potency) by HSV-2,
certain severely VZV, EBV and
immunocompromise CMV.
d patients, w/ The inhibitory
advanced HIV activity of acyclovir
disease (CD4+ for HSV-1, HSV-2,
counts <200/mm3, VZV, EBV and
including patients w/ CMV is highly
AIDS or severe selective. The
ARC) or following enzyme thymidine
Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS
Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

bone marrow
kinase (TK) of
transplantation. normal, non-infected
Prophylaxis for
cells does not use
herpes virus disease.
acyclovir effectively
Inj: Treatment of as a substrate, hence
herpes simplex
toxicity to
infections, mammalian host
prophylaxis of
cells is low;
herpes simplex
however, TK
infections in
encoded by HSV,
immune-compromise VZV and EBV
d patients, treatment
converts acyclovir to
of varicella zoster
acyclovir
infections, herpes
monophosphate, a
simplex infections in
nucleoside analogue,
the neonate. which is further
converted to the
diphosphate and
finally to the
triphosphate by
cellular enzymes.
Acyclovir
triphosphate
interferes with the
viral DNA
polymerase and
inhibits viral DNA
replication with
resultant chain
termination
following its
incorporation into
the viral DNA.
Antiviral (nucleoside Antiretroviral Block reverse
analogues) drugs (for HIV transcriptase to
disrupt copying of
Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS
Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

infection) HIV genetic code

(NRTIs; NNRTIs)
Block protease
enzyme, preventing
maturation of new
virions (PIs)
Prevent fusion of
HIV with cell
membranes (Fusion
inhibitors)
Block CCR5
co-receptor (CCR5
antagonists)

ENCEPHALITIS
CLASSIFICATION GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME INDICATION MECHANISM MANUFACTURER
OF ACTION
Antiviral (synthetic Acyclovir (for Zovirax Treatment of herpes Acyclovir is a GSK
nucleoside analogues) suspected herpes simplex virus synthetic purine
simplex or herpes infections of the skin nucleoside analogue
zoster) & mucous with in vitro and in
membranes including vivo inhibitory
initial & recurrent activity against
genital herpes. human herpes
Prevention of viruses, including
recurrent herpes herpes simplex virus
simplex infections in (HSV) types 1 and 2,
immune-competent varicella-zoster virus
patients. Prophylaxis (VZV), Epstein-Barr
of herpes simplex virus (EBV) and

Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS

Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

infections in
cytomegalovirus
immune-compromise (CMV). In cell
d patients. Treatment
culture, acyclovir
of varicella
has the greatest
infections antiviral activity
(chickenpox) &
against HSV-1,
herpes zoster
followed (in
(shingles). decreasing order of
Management of
potency) by HSV-2,
certain severely
VZV, EBV and
immunocompromise CMV.
d patients, Thew/ inhibitory
advanced HIV
activity of acyclovir
disease (CD4+
for HSV-1, HSV-2,
counts <200/mm3, VZV, EBV and
including patients w/
CMV is highly
AIDS or severe selective. The
ARC) or following enzyme thymidine
bone marrow
kinase (TK) of
transplantation. normal, non-infected
Prophylaxis for
cells does not use
herpes virus disease.
acyclovir effectively
Inj: Treatment of as a substrate, hence
herpes simplex
toxicity to
infections, mammalian host
prophylaxis of
cells is low;
herpes simplex
however, TK
infections in
encoded by HSV,
immune-compromise VZV and EBV
d patients, treatment
converts acyclovir to
of varicella zoster
acyclovir
infections, herpes
monophosphate, a
simplex infections in
nucleoside analogue,
the neonate. which is further
converted to the
diphosphate and
Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS
Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

finally to the
triphosphate by
cellular enzymes.
Acyclovir
triphosphate
interferes with the
viral DNA
polymerase and
inhibits viral DNA
replication with
resultant chain
termination
following its
incorporation into
the viral DNA.

HIV/AIDS
CLASSIFICATION GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME INDICATION MECHANISM MANUFACTURER
OF ACTION
Nucleoside Reverse abacavir Adult: Combined w/ NRTIs block reverse
Transcriptase other antiretrovirals: transcriptase, an
Inhibitors (NRTIs) 300 mg bid or 600 enzyme HIV needs
mg once daily. to make copies of
Child: ≥3 mth 14 to itself.
<20 kg: 150 mg bid
or 300 mg once
daily; ≥20 kg to
<25 kg: 150 mg in
the morning and 300
mg in the evening or
450 mg once daily;
≥25 kg: Same as

Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS

Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

adult dose.
Nucleoside Reverse emtricitabine NRTIs block reverse
Transcriptase transcriptase, an
Inhibitors (NRTIs) enzyme HIV needs
to make copies of
itself.
Nucleoside Reverse lamivudine Duovir-N Start treatment w/ NRTIs block reverse Cipla
Transcriptase lamivudine, transcriptase, an
Inhibitors (NRTIs) zidovudine & enzyme HIV needs
nevirapine separately to make copies of
for the 1st 6-8 wk itself.
until patient is stable
on nevirapine 200
mg bid & adequate
tolerability has been
demonstrated. Adult
& childn at least 25
kg 1 tab bid.
Discontinuation &
reintroduction
Patient having
interrupted treatment
for >2 wk
Reintroduce therapy
w/ separate
formulations w/ dose
escalation period of
nevirapine 200 mg
once daily for 14
days, then 200 mg
bid regimen. Resume
therapy w/ Duovir-N
when patient is
stable w/ triple
combination.

Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS

Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

Nucleoside Reverse zidovudine Duovir-N Start treatment w/ NNRTIs bind to and Cipla
Transcriptase lamivudine, later alter reverse
Inhibitors (NRTIs) zidovudine & transcriptase, an
nevirapine separately enzyme HIV needs
for the 1st 6-8 wk to make copies of
until patient is stable itself.
on nevirapine 200
mg bid & adequate
tolerability has been
demonstrated. Adult
& childn at least 25
kg 1 tab bid.
Discontinuation &
reintroduction
Patient having
interrupted treatment
for >2 wk
Reintroduce therapy
w/ separate
formulations w/ dose
escalation period of
nevirapine 200 mg
once daily for 14
days, then 200 mg
bid regimen. Resume
therapy w/ Duovir-N
when patient is
stable w/ triple
combination.

Non-Nucleoside efavirenz Efavir HIV-1 infection in NNRTIs bind to and Cipla

Reverse adults & ped patients later alter reverse
Transcriptase at least 40 kg in transcriptase, an
Inhibitors (NNRTIs) combination w/ other enzyme HIV needs

Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS

Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

antiretrovirals. to make copies of

itself.
Non-Nucleoside nevirapine Duovir-N Start treatment w/ NNRTIs bind to and Cipla
Reverse lamivudine, later alter reverse
Transcriptase zidovudine & transcriptase, an
Inhibitors (NNRTIs) nevirapine separately enzyme HIV needs
for the 1st 6-8 wk to make copies of
until patient is stable itself.
on nevirapine 200
mg bid & adequate
tolerability has been
demonstrated. Adult
& childn at least 25
kg 1 tab bid.
Discontinuation &
reintroduction
Patient having
interrupted treatment
for >2 wk
Reintroduce therapy
w/ separate
formulations w/ dose
escalation period of
nevirapine 200 mg
once daily for 14
days, then 200 mg
bid regimen. Resume
therapy w/ Duovir-N
when patient is
stable w/ triple
combination.

Protease Inhibitors atazanavir Synthivan Synthivan is PIs block HIV Cipla

(PIs) indicated in protease, an enzyme
combination with HIV needs to make

Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS

Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

other antiretroviral copies of itself.

agents for the
treatment of HIV-1
infection.
Limitations of Use:
Use of
atazanavir/ritonavir
in
treatment-experience
d patients should be
guided by the
number of baseline
primary protease
inhibitor
Protease Inhibitors darunavir Unavailable in the PIs block HIV
(PIs) country protease, an enzyme
HIV needs to make
copies of itself.
Fusion Inhibitors enfuvirtide Unavailable in the Fusion inhibitors
country block HIV from
entering the CD4 T
lymphocyte (CD4
cells) of the immune
system.
CCR5 Antagonists maraviroc Unavailable in the CCR5 antagonists
country block CCR5
coreceptors on the
surface of certain
immune cells that
HIV needs to enter
the cells.
Integrase Strand cabotegravir Unavailable in the Integrase inhibitors
Transfer Inhibitor country block HIV integrase,
(INSTIs) an enzyme HIV
needs to make copies

Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS

Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

of itself.
Attachment fostemsavir Unavailable in the Attachment
Inhibitors country inhibitors bind to the
gp120 protein on the
outer surface of
HIV, preventing
HIV from entering
CD4 cells.
Post-Attachment ibalizumab-uk Unavailable in the Post-attachment
Inhibitors country inhibitors block CD4
receptors on the
surface of certain
immune cells that
HIV needs to enter
the cells.
Capsid Inhibitors lenacapavir Unavailable in the Capsid inhibitors
country interfere with the
HIV capsid, a
protein shell that
protects HIV's
genetic material and
enzymes needed for
replication.
Pharmacokinetic cobicistat Unavailable in the Pharmacokinetic
Enhancers country enhancers are used
in HIV treatment to
increase the
effectiveness of an
HIV medicine
included in an HIV
treatment regimen.

Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS

Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA
CLASSIFICATION GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME INDICATION MECHANISM MANUFACTURER
OF ACTION
Quinolones Ciclodin Treatment of wide Bactericidal; Unison
range of infections fluoroquinolones act
ciprofloxacin including inhalation intracellularly by
anthrax, bacterial inhibiting
exacerbations topoisomerase II
bronchitis, bone & (DNA gyrase) and/or
joint infections, topoisomerase IV.
infectious diarrhea, Topoisomerases are
endocervical & essential bacterial
urethral gonorrhea; enzymes that are
intra-abdominal, critical catalysts in
lower resp tract, skin the duplication,
& soft tissue transcription, and
infections; bacterial repair of bacterial
prostatitis, acute DNA.
sinusitis, typhoid
fever, bacterial
UTI.
Quinolones Alevo Acute bacterial As a fluoroquinolone Alkem Lab
sinusitis, acute antibacterial agent,
levofloxacin exacerbations of levofloxacin acts on
chronic bronchitis, the
community-acquired DNA-DNA-gyrase
pneumonia, complex and
complicated skin & topoisomerase IV.
soft tissue infections. PK/PD relationship:
Pyelonephritis & The degree of the
complicated UTI; bactericidal activity
chronic bacterial of levofloxacin
prostatitis, depends on the ratio
uncomplicated of the maximum

Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS

Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

cystitis. Post
concentration in
exposure prophylaxis
serum (Cmax) or the
& curative treatment
area under the curve
in inhalation
(AUC) and the
anthrax. minimal inhibitory
concentration (MIC).
Mechanism of
resistance:
Resistance to
levofloxacin is
acquired through a
stepwise process by
target site mutations
in both type II
topoisomerases,
DNA gyrase and
topoisomerase IV.
Other resistance
mechanisms such as
permeation barriers
(common
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa) and
efflux mechanisms
may affect
susceptibility to
levofloxacin.
Cross-resistance
between levofloxacin
and other
fluoroquinolones is
observed. Due to the
mechanism of action,
there is generally no
cross-resistance
between levofloxacin
Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS
Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

and other classes of

antibacterial agents.
Tetracycline Doxin STD; UTI; resp tract Doxycycline is Biofemme, Inc
infections, GI primarily
Doxycycline infections; systemic bacteriostatic but is
infections; infections also described as "
caused by E. coli, bactericidal" in low
Enterobacter concentrations
aerogenes, Shigella against some
spp & Acinetobacter bacterial species eg,
spp. Uncomplicated Streptococcus
gonorrhea, syphilis, pyogenes and
yaws, listeriosis, Streptococcus
anthrax, Vincent's pneumoniae.
infection, Doxycycline inhibits
actinomycosis bacterial protein
infections caused by synthesis. It binds
Clostridium spp. principally to the 30s
Adjunctive therapy subunits of bacterial
in acute intestinal ribosomes and
amebiasis, severe specifically inhibits
acne, refractory the enzyme binding
periodontitis & of aminoacyl-t-RNA
periodontal abscess. to the adjacent
Prophylaxis of ribosomal acceptor
malaria. site.

SEPSIS
CLASSIFICATION GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME INDICATION MECHANISM MANUFACTURER
OF ACTION
Cephalosporins (3 rd Ceftriaxone Ceftrox Treatment of Inhibit bacterial cell Singapore
generation) susceptible infections wall synthesis Pharmawealth
eg, chancroid, (bactericidal). Lifesciences

Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS

Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

endocarditis,
gastroenteritis,
gonorrhea, Lyme
disease, meningitis,
septicemia, syphilis,
typhoid fever &
Whipple's disease &
for surgical infection
prophylaxis.
Beta lactam piperacillin-tazobac Bizataz Serious infections of Piperacillin is a beta Labotorio Reig
tam the lower airways, lactam antibiotic that
complicated or inhibits bacterial cell
simple UTI, wall synthesis.
intra-abdominal Tazobactam is a a
infections, infections beta lactamase
of the skin & soft inhibitor that has no
tissues. Bacterial intrinsic
septicemia. antimicrobial activity
Treatment in patients but prevents
w/ episodes of breakdown of beta
febrile neutropenia lactam by beta
in combination w/ lactamase enzyme
aminoglycoside.
Gynecological
infections. Infection
produced by several
microorganisms at
the same time.
Cephalosporin cefepime Altamax Infections due toCefepime inhibits Taiwan Biotech
susceptible bacterial cell wall
organisms including
synthesis by
urinary tract, resp
covalently binding
tract & skin
enzymes responsible
infections. for the final step in
transpeptidation
during peptidoglycan
Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS
Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

wall synthesis. This

binding causes
defects in the cell
wall leading to
autolysis and
subsequent death of
the organism.
Inhibitor of cell wall Vancomycin Pfizer
Vancomycin Potentially Cell wall inhibitor Hospira
synthesis HCl life-threatening (bactericidal)
infections which
cannot be treated w/
another effective,
less toxic
antimicrobial drug,
including penicillin
& cephalosporin.
Severe
staphylococcal
(including
methicillin-resistant
staphylococcal)
infections in patients
who cannot receive
or who have failed to
respond to penicillins
& cephalosporins or
who have infections
w/ staph that are
resistant to other
antibiotics. Alone or
in combination w/
aminoglycoside for
the treatment of
endocarditis caused
by Strep viridans or
Strep bovis;
Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS
Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

endocarditis caused
by Enterococci
(Strep faecalis);
diphtheroid
endocarditis. Early
onset prosthetic
valve endocarditis by
Staph epidermidis or
diphtheroid in
combination w/
rifampicin.
Osteomyelitis,
pneumonia,
septicaemia, skin &
skin structure
infection. Oral
treatment of
staphylococcal
enterocolitis &
antibiotic associated
pseudomembranous
colitis (produced by
C. difficile).
Quinolones Alevo Acute bacterial As a fluoroquinolone Alkem Lab
sinusitis, acute antibacterial agent,
levofloxacin exacerbations of levofloxacin acts on
chronic bronchitis, the
community-acquired DNA-DNA-gyrase
pneumonia, complex and
complicated skin & topoisomerase IV.
soft tissue infections. PK/PD relationship:
Pyelonephritis & The degree of the
complicated UTI; bactericidal activity
chronic bacterial of levofloxacin
prostatitis, depends on the ratio
uncomplicated of the maximum
Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS
Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

cystitis. Post
concentration in
exposure prophylaxis
serum (Cmax) or the
& curative treatment
area under the curve
in inhalation
(AUC) and the
anthrax. minimal inhibitory
concentration (MIC).
Mechanism of
resistance:
Resistance to
levofloxacin is
acquired through a
stepwise process by
target site mutations
in both type II
topoisomerases,
DNA gyrase and
topoisomerase IV.
Other resistance
mechanisms such as
permeation barriers
(common
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa) and
efflux mechanisms
may affect
susceptibility to
levofloxacin.
Cross-resistance
between levofloxacin
and other
fluoroquinolones is
observed. Due to the
mechanism of action,
there is generally no
cross-resistance
between levofloxacin
Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS
Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
Peñafiel, Precious Valerie Bataga BS Pharmacy 3D

and other classes of

antibacterial agents.

Sources: Reading assignments: Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13 th Edi,Ch-43,p769-787,MIMS

Philippines,FDA-Approved HIV Medicines