EMOTION - an extreme form of mental state where the individual experiences arousal, pleasant and

unpleasant psychological and even physical conditions.

8 KINDS OF EMOTIONS

1) ANGER
2) JOY
3) FEAR
> Imagining Fear - Phobias or Trauma
> Real Fear - occur when there is a sense of threat/insecurity against out physical and
emotional status.
4) SADNESS
> Brief emotion of sorrow
> Grief - sorrowful state for a long period of time

5) DISGUST
6) CURIOSITY
7) ACCEPTANCE
8) SURPRISE

2 KINDS OF PHOBIA TREATMENT

1) SYSTEMATIC - step by step

2) FLOODING - sudden exposure to your phobia

SID CORRIER (1992) - enumerates four extreme types of emotions which can lead to undesirable results

4 EXTREME TYPES OF EMOTIONS

1) GUILT - feeling of responsibility or remorse for some offense, crime, wrong doings

COMPOSITION OR TECHNIQUES ON HOW TO AVOID GUILT FEELINGS

- confessions may be made in writing

- do not suppress the feeling of guilt
- confide the sharing with a trusted friend
- pray and mediate

2) FEAR

TECHNIQUES TO AVOID FEAR

- make yourself busy

- clear things up
- share your thoughts

3) GRIEF - normally associated with death

5 STAGES OF DEATH ( Elizabeth Kublar Rose ) ( DABDA)

1) Denial
2) Anger
3) Bargaining
4) Depression
5) Acceptance
 4) ANGER - vent out in physical form if not controlled
- exercise and openness to reconcile

APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING EMOTION TRADITIONAL PSYCHO PHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACHES

COMMON SENSE VIEW OF EMOTION

- produce emotions when we are engaged in particular event

JAMES-LANGE THEORY OF EMOTION

- WILLIAM JAMES and CARL-LANGE danish psychologist

- REACTION FIRST BEFORE EMOTION
REACT -> EMOTION -> AUTONOMIC AROUSAL ( arousal/reaction of body; sweating,
uncontrolled bladder, shaking, etc)

- a reversed form of common sense view of emotion. We perceived a particular event in the
environment our body will automatically react that produces various reactions

CANNON-BARD THEORY OF EMOTION

- WALTER CANON AND PHILIP BARD

- EMOTION FIRST BEFORE REACTION (delayed reaction; and have emotion in envy before reacting)
EMOTION -> REACT -> AUTONOMIC AROUSAL

- Thalamus - controlling emotional behavior

THEORY OF EMOTION COULD BE INACCURATE

- there are 2 for 3 kinds of emotions that can produce a similar body reaction
- the production of emotion requires sensitivity
- it is erroneous to associate the production of emotion with the refined changes in the body in the
absence of the normal stimuli

COGNITIVE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TWO COMPONENT THEORY

- designed by JEROME SINGER and STANLEY SCHACHTER in 1962

PSYCHOLOGICAL AROUSAL AND LABELING (basic)

TEMPORAL SEQUENCE THEORIES

1) MAGDA ARNOLD’S THEORY (need to be exposed first)

- when we start to perceive a particular event, we immediately produce/feels emotions

2) RICHARD LAZARUS THEORY

- tend to relate certain event through stages

a) PRIMARY APPRAISAL - you know what will happen

- perceived possible circumstances before the expected
event would happen
 b) SECONDARY APPRAISAL - “excuses” made a decision after we determine the
potential consequences of what is about to happen

MODERN PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACHES

1) CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - during early 90’s they believed that there are activities in the
autonomic N.S which can produced, if not control emotional
behavior.

2) ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - emotions are caused by the over/under recreation of hormones.

( flight or fight - adrenal glands - endocrine system)

STRESS - in medicine - a condition wherein internal bodily status is disrupted by a number of possible factors
(Physical and Psychological Stimuli)
- essential part of our everyday lives (normal)
- maybe good, bad and mixed
a) EUSTRESS - healthy stress; adapted well; used of coping mechanism
b) DESTRESS - unhealthy stress; not able to successfully use existing coping
mechanism

ROBERT STERNBERG - a response something challenging in the environment

2 MAJOR THEORY

1) FIGHT OR FLIGHT - developed by WALTER CANON

- response of your N.S with help of ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

2) THE GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME - discovered by HANS SALYE an Austrian physician.

- His Theory involves 3 STAGES
a) Alarm Stage - Fight(end of stage) and Flight (go to resistance stage)
b) Resistance Stage - prolonged state of stress (actual behavior you do)
c) Exhaustion Stage - insufficient amount of energy

STRESS AND ILLNESS

1) BURNOUT SYNDROME - Melucci - syndrome that depresses mental and physical functioning and
is
usually the result of chronic work related stress (too much of something)

2) TRAUMATIC SYNDROME - acute stress disorder (prolonged type of stress)

- POST TRAUMATIC DISRODER (PTSD)
2 SYMPTOMS
1) FLASHBACK - re-experiencing of past events
2) NIGHTMARES

DISORDER - meant that you are not functioning well; not doing activities in your daily living (ex. Showering)

3) PSYCHOSOMATIC ILLNESS (doctor shoppers; pretending they have sickness but they don’t)
- Malingering
- Factitious Disorder
- is a condition where the individual is really sick but there are no
physical evidences; illness coming from the mind

4) STRESS OVERLOAD - could lead to life-threatening disease like cancer

 TYPES OF CANCER

1) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

2) Bone cancer
3) Cancer of unknown primary origin
4) Head and neck cancer
5) Breast cancer
6) Merkel cell cancer
7) Mesothelioma

STRESS COPING STRATEGIES

1) learn how to manage stress

2) relax
3) avoid over scheduling
4) be realistic
5) treat your body well
6) positive outlook

NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE EMOTIONS

NEGATIVE - fear, anger, guilt, depression, horror, pride, jealousy, envy, regret, sad, grief, self-pity
anxiety, resentful, denial

POSITIVE - love, hope, enthusiasm, happiness, patient, ashamed, gratitude, optimistic, trust, vitality,
appreciative

MOTIVATION - the process by which are started, directed, and continued si that physical and psychological
needs or wants are met

2 TYPES OF MOTIVATION

1) INTRINSIC MOTIVATION - occurs when people act because the act itself is satisfying or rewarding

2) EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION - occurs when people received an external reward for the act.

APPROACH TO MOTIVATION

1) INSTINCT APPROACH - proposes that some human actions may be motivated by instincts

2) DRIVE-REDUCTION APPROACH - when an organism has a need, the need leads to psychological
tension that motivates the organism to act, fulfilling the need
reducing the tensions
ex. need to have a house -> will work hard (will have a drive because there are needs)

SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY

1) AUTONOMY - freedom to move

2) COMPETENCE - you have the skills

3).RELATEDNESS - building connections with people

APPROACHES TO MOTIVATION

1) AROUSAL APPROACH - a person has an optimal level or arousal to maintain (focus, determination,
dream..etc)

2) INCENTIVE APPROACH - an external stimulus may be so rewarding that it motivates a person to

act toward that stimulus rather than another stimulus or to satisfy a drive
cannot adapt all the time or else person will hope for it every time

BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF HUNGER

1) LATERAL HYPOTHALAMUS - biological feeling of hunger

2) VENTROMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMUS - causes a person to feel full
3) DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - the stomach and intestines send nerve impulses to the brain to recognize
that they are already full

EATING DISORDERS - a group of conditions defined by abnormal eating habits that may involve either
insufficient or excessive food intake to the detriment of one’s physical & mental health

TYPES OF EATING DISORDERS

1) ANOREXIA NERVOSA - a condition in which a person reduces eating to a point that a weight loss of
15% below the ideal body weight or more occurs
- believes they are fat

2) BULIMIA NERVOSA - a condition in which a person develops a cycle of binging or overeating

enormous amount of food at one sitting, and purging or deliberately vomiting
after eating
- ingest food only to vomit it out

WARNING SIGNS

1) missing meals - ANOREXIA NERVOSA

2) always complaining of being fat even if they have a normal body/ underweight - ANOREXIA NERVOSA
3) refusing to eat in public places such as restaurants - ANOREXIA BULIMIA
4) repeatedly weighing themselves and looking at themselves in the mirror - ANOREXIA NERVOSA
5) cooking big or complicated meals for other but eating little or none - ANOREXIA NERVOSA

CAUSES OF EATING DISORDER

1) depression
2) substance abuse
3) family history of eating disorder
4) difficult relationship with family members and friends
5) being overly concerned with being slim