1.

Summary
The operating manual is showing the installation, use and maintenance etc. of beam
pumping unit briefly. The operator must read this operating manual carefully before
installation and use. In order to make pumping unit work normally and prolong its
operating life, the operator can supply and amend contents of this operating manual
according to the practical case of the oil field.
2. Safety regulations
In order to be sure of pumping unit running normally and person safety, user must
obey the regulation listed strictly:
1) Pumping unit installed near city, country side and field, user should advise
installing crank guard please.
2) Forbidden lubrication, checking, filling oil or adjusting driving belt when pumping
running or not stopping yet.
3) When braking, electric motor must stop first. After pumping unit stopping, crank
can rotate a certain angle still. When crank is going to stop rotation, begin to brake or
brake at needed position slowly. Avoid by all means brake urgency.
4) When pumping unit stopping or workover treatment, crank must be fixed at a
fixedly position by brake or other method in order to ensure safety.
5) When starting electric, brake must be unclenching first, and then starting electric
motor.
6) When hanger is disjoined with polishing rod, polishing rod must be fixed at well
head by clamp tools first.
7) When maintenance, fire extinguisher should be prepared.
3. Structure introduction
The beam pumping unit is constituted by frame, Sampson post, polish rod holder,
horse head, center bearing assembly, walking beam, tail bearing assembly, equalizer beam,
pitman arm, crank arm, gear box, electric motor, brake assembly, tie down assembly,
foundation, crank guard, electric motor mount, hand ladder and ground lubrication etc., as
following schematic drawing.

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 7

8
9

10 6
11

12
4

13 14 15 16 17 18
Schematic drawing of pumping unit structure
1. Frame 2. Samson post 3. Polish rod holder 4. Horse head 5. Center bearing assembly
6.Walking beam 7.tail bearing assembly 8. Equalizer beam 9. Pitman arm 10.Crank arm
11.Gear box 12. Electric motor 3. Brake assembly 14.Tie down assembly 15. Foundation
16.Crank guard 17. Electric motor mount 18. Hand ladder
3-1 Frame (unit 1)
The frame is welded by shape steel and steel plate. It has good strength and rigidity
and its transport is convenience. Gear box and Sampson post are installed at front; electric
motor and electric motor mount are installed at back. The mark of walking beam and
Sampson post central line vertical projection is on frame. Mark is used to adjusting the
central line between frame and oil well or walking beam.
3-2 Samson post (unit 2)
The Samson post that is structured of tripod mount, is consisted of front leg and rear
leg. Lower end connected with frame and upper extreme connected with center bearing
assembly.
3-3 Polish rod holder (unit 3)
Polish rod holder connected with bridle and polish rod.
3-4 Horse head (unit 4)
Horse head that is structured of hanging, is welded by shape steel and steel plate.
Upper extreme hang over head bracket of walking beam by mounting pin; lower end
connect with front end of walking beam by locating angle bar and safety pin. When horse
head dislocated, dismount safety pin and move head horse by working engine or crane.
3-5 Center bearing assembly (unit 5)
Center bearing assembly is composed of one shaft, one bearing housing and two
bearings. It is installed on Samson post by bolts, and connects with walking beam by
means of saddle .
3-6 Walking beam (unit 6)
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 It is welded by shape steel and steel plate. It has high strength and good rigidity. At
upper extreme of walking beam’s front end, there is a bracket for hanging horse head. At
bottom, there is a safety pin connecting with horse head. The back of walking beam
connects with tail bearing assembly by means of support. The middle of walking beam
connects with center bearing by saddle. When center bearing assembly and walking beam
are fixed on Samson post by bolts, in order to make horse head loading top keeping
alignment to center of well head, we do fine setting to walking beam by four adjusting
bolts of Sampson.
3-7 Tail bearing assembly (unit 7)
Rotatable shaft is assembled on equalizer housing, which can compensate little error
of manufacture and installation, and make sure pumping unit moderate working.
3-8 Equalizer beam (unit 8)
Equalizer beam connects with tail of walking beam by tail bearing assembly and both
sides connect with pitman arm by pitman arm pin.
3-9 Pitman arm (unit 9)
Pitman arm assembly is composed of pitman arm, pitman arm pin and wrist pin
assembly, which is important unit with transmitting motive power. Upper extreme is
connected with equalizer beam by pitman arm pin and lower end is fastened on crank arm
assembly by wrist pin.
3-10 Crank arm (unit 10)
Two crank arms are fixed symmetrically on driven shaft of gear box. This can make
crank clamp with driven shaft of gear box. Each crank has three same diameter bores. By
them, we can adjust stroke of pumping unit. There is gravity center radius scale of counter
weight. Setting the crank on horizontal position, loosing bolts which fix counter weight
(but not disconnect), we can move the counter weight to needed position under that crank
in horizontal by crane.
3-11 Gear box (unit 11)
Gear box is double stage divided flow, two circular arc and columned gear box.
Through triangle belt, gear box is driven by electric motor directly. Both sides of driven
shaft are installed crank. One side of driving shaft is installed big belt pulley; the other
side is installed brake pulley.
Gears of gear box are all used oil bath and splash lubricating. Combining surface of
box is smeared with sealing glue. Oil slot box with oil wiper is set between laevorotation
or dextrorotary gear and box body. Oil slot is set on combining surface of box body. Then,
the bearing can be lubricated. Peephole is set on the upper of box body, and a bleeder
cover on it. There are three variable tallness plugs at the back of box (the side near driving
shaft). One at bottom is used to fill oil and the upper two are used to inspect the tallness of
oil face.
3-12 Electric motor (unit 12)
Electric motor is installed on electric motor mount by guide rail. Electric motor can
be adjusted along front, back, left and right four directions.
3-13 Brake assembly (unit 14)
Brake assembly is the structure of hand-pull inside or outside-clasp type. After motor
stopping, no matter where crank rotate, pull brake handle by hand, draw tie rod cam, make
brake tile clasp brake wheel, then we can brake quickly, calmly and reliably.
4. Foundation

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 a) Prefabrication of foundation: According to pumping unit foundation diagram given
by attached Figure of this instruction book, we can grout or prefabricate foundation on the
spot.
b) Groundwork：According to foundation position drawing, the position of foundation pit
area is lined out. Foundation pit must be excavated to hard soil layer. The foundation tunnel
must be excavated to hard soil layer or under non-frozen layer 100 ～ 200mm, in order to
make sure specific pressure that soil sustain not excessive bearing specific pressure that the
area recommend. When calculated bearing specific pressure, soil load-bear is equal to which
polish rod capacity of pumping unit add total weight of pumping unit and foundation. If
movable foundation is used, then, the foundation pit must be rammed as far as possible; and
be leveled both on vertical and cross sides. Afterward, the cuspate sand or cobble which
thickness is 50mm at least is paved on hard soil layer; and be leveled again. If the surface soil
layer of well site is soft and soil character soft, the foundation pit must be excavated to hard
soil layer or under non-frozen layer 100～150 mm, and then the foundation padding layer is
grouted. After the cuspate sand or cobble is paved on padding layer, make it level. This
foundation padding layer must be attained the upper surface of movable is higher than
production tree flange about 300 mm after movable foundation is installed.
c) Choice of foundation area ： Choice of location direction of foundation must be
considered the local leading wind direction. This can avoid gas or liquid is blew on the body
of pumping unit when gas or liquid leak from well; and the well site condition should be
considered at the same time. These must ensure the place enough to arrange workover and
operation equipment after pumping unit is installed.
d) The upper surface of foundation must be leveled both on two directions: forth to back,
left to right. Lining out the foundation center line, making the center straight at well head
center, the error should be smaller than 3mm.
e) Soil should be earth up around foundation and a slope kept. This can avoid water store
around the foundation.
5. Pumping unit installation
a) Installation of frame
Fig.1: Set pumping unit frame on foundation, making vertical central line of frame is
superposition with foundation center, and keeping the distance between central point of
Samson post on frame (There is an obvious central symbol on frame when pumping unit
leave factory) and well head center equal to the length of walking beam forearm. Then,
making level to the upper platform of gear box frame (upper surface of the frame),
longitudinal horizontal error is smaller than 5mm/m, transverse horizontal error is smaller
than 2mm/m. Adjusting pad can be set under the frame when adjusting level. After
adjusting level, the frame should be fastened with foundation by anchor bolts. Anchor
bolts must be fastened equably. The horizontal degree of longitudinal and transverse of
gear box should be checked again.

crane

Fig.1 Lifting frame

b) Installation of wrist pin assembly
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 Wrist pin assembly is composed of wrist pin and tape sleeve etc. When wrist pin
assembly is assembled, we should assemble tape sleeve in each wrist pin hole of crank
arm. Then assemble wrist pin in the tape sleeve according to stroke length; Tighten wrist
pin nuts and the rest wrist pin hole should be clean and coated anticorrosive oil .
c) Installation of gear box
Fig.2: The gear box with crank (with crank pin assembly) is lifted on gear box base of
frame. Making the symbol of longitudinal central line on frame with the corresponding
symbol of gear box base, and then, connecting bolt is fastened equably.
cr an e

Fig.2 Lifting gear box

d) Installation of brake assembly and electric motor mount
Fig.3: Install electric motor mount，brake handle , rocker seat. Connecting brake tie
rod and adjusting its length. The depth which tie rod is wringed in screw cover should be
longer than 17mm to brake flexible and reliable. Brake pulley must not contact with brake
block in free condition, and the minimum gap between them is 1mm.
Notice security. When personnel loose brake and take measure in the meantime
in order to avoid personnel hurting because of sliding suddenly of crank arm.

Fig.3 Installation of brake assembly

e) Installation of Samson post and hand ladder.

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 Fig.4: Rear leg and center bearing assembly are assembled on front leg （ installed
ground lubrication ） ; Fig.5: Samson post is lifted on the frame and fastened by bolts;
Fig.6: Hand ladder is assembled on Samson post by bolts.

crane

Fig.4: Connect front leg with rear leg

c ra n e

cr ane

Fig.5: Lifting Samson post

Fig.6: Lifting hand ladder

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 f) Installation of guide rail, electric motor, triangle belt and belt guard
Fig.7: Guide rail, guide rail adjustment and electric motor are installed on electric
mount then triangle belt is installed on the big pulley and electric motor pulley. Adjusting
the longitudinal and transverse guide rail and pretightening the belt. Making alignment
electric motor pulley and gear box pulley by pulling line method and the error of their non-
coplanar is smaller than 1mm. After reaching the request, the belt should be tightened
properly and the electric motor longitudinal guide rail should be fastened. At last belt
guard (mesh type or solid sheet metal type) is installed.
5mm

5mm

Fig.7: Installation of guide rail adjustment

g) Installation of equalizer beam, pitman arm, walking beam
Fig.8, Fig9 and Fig10: Equalizer beam, tail bearing assembly and pitman arm are
assembled together (Note: When tail bearing assembly is connected with equalizer
block of equalizer, its big hole is toward back). The support of tailing bearing assembly
is assembled on walking beam (Note: The big hole of tailing bearing assembly’s
support is toward back).Then the equalizer beam, tailing bearing assembly, pitman arm,
lubrication pipe and safe wire rope are assembled on walking beam together (Note: Don’t
forget assemble lubrication joint on tailing bearing assembly). The walking beam with
equalizer beam and pitman arm installed is lifted together on Samson post (Note: Don’t
forget assemble lubrication joint on center bearing assembly) and cover of saddle is
fastened, then connecting the lower junction of pitman arm with bearing support of crank
pin assembly and fastening the connecting bolt. c r a n e
Note: In center bearing housing and tail bearing assembly there are two screw
pore, the two screw pores are to be installed grease fitting joints. These grease fitting
joints will be connected with lubrication pipes of Sampson post and walking beam.
When center bearing assembly and tail bearing assembly are installed on Samson
post or walking beam, the grease fitting joints and lubrication pipes should be in the
left side(look pumping unit at well ) of pumping unit.

Fig.8: Installation of equalizer beam, tail bearing assembly and pitman arm
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Fig.9: Assemble tail bearing assembly, pitman arm and equalizer beam on walking beam

cra ne

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 Fig.10 Assemble walking beam on Samson post
h) Installation of horse head
Fig.11: The horse head is lifted and hanging on walking beam. The left and right gap
between horse head and walking beam must be equal basically. It can be adjusted by the
bolts on the both side of horse head. Assemble safety pin of horse head. (Check if the
central projection of horse head hanger is in regulation circular and can be fine adjusted by
the adjusting bolts of Samson. The whole adjusting bolts of Samson post must be
fastened.)
c ra ne

Fig.11: Installation of horse head

i) Installation of counter weight

Fig.12: Counter weight is installed near the center of crank shaft at first. After
normally work, adjusting counter weight according to well load step by step until the
optimum position.
crane

Fig.12 The drawing of lifting counter weight

j) Installation of crank guard
Install front guard and back guard on frame or motor mount by tie down clip assemblies if
there have crank guards.
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 Instruction：When installed important bolts, according to tightening moment of
force of the table request。
Bolt diameter 3/8″-16UNC 1/2″-13UNC 5/8″-11UNC 3/4″-10UNC
Tightening torques(N.m) 42 102 194 334
Bolt diameter 7/8″-9UNC 1″-8UNC 1 1/8″-7UNC 1 1/4″-7UNC
Tightening torques(N.m) 531 802 1128 1517
Bolt diameter 1 3/8″-6UNC 1 1/2″-6UNC 1 5/8″-6UN 1 3/4″-5UNC
Tightening torques(N.m) 2035 2642 3355 4196
Note: UNC-Unified coarse thread
6. Running
a) Checking before running
Ⅰ. Checking if all connecting parts is fastened, especially to the connecting bolt of crank
pin nut, crank, counter weight etc.
Ⅱ. Checking if the brake is flexible and the gap between brake block and brake pulley is
uniform and suitable.
Ⅲ. Checking if the installation of electric equipment is conform to technical safe
request, and checking if the electric appliance circuit is conform to use technical request of
electric equipment.
Ⅳ. Checking if lubrication oil (grease ) is filled in every lubricating point.
Ⅴ. Before starting, people or obstruction is forbidden around the running parts, and the
sundries on the pumping unit must be clear away.
7. b) Test run
Ⅰ. When startup, the inertia of crank arm should be utilized fully. After two or three
switch operations of connecting and cutting off, the non-stop running can be allowed in
order to decrease startup torque and to prevent damaging electric motor.
Ⅱ. Adjusting counter weight position under the selected parameter, and non-stop running
for 2 hours.
Ⅲ. The checking listed as follows should be checked during test run:
1. If horse head is vibration obviously.
2. If gear box is vibration obviously.
3. If every seal position is leakage.
4. If triangle belt running is normal and the tightening strength adjustment of it is
suitable.
5. If brake is smooth and reliable.
6. If balance is good.
If problem is founded of the checking mentioned above, we can stop running to
adjust the pumping unit. When stop running, electricity must be cut off at first, and
then brake, make the crank stop on the position where restart is beneficial. Brake
first and cut off electricity later is forbidden under non-emergency condition.
c) Running order
After pumping unit is get into working order, maintenance should be in time according
to “maintenance regulation”.
7. Adjustment
a) Frequency of stroke adjusted
After electric motor of pumping unit selected, the changing of frequency of stroke is by
replacing variable diameter pulley of electric motor.
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 Variable frequency of stroke and the corresponding belt pulley of electric motor are in
attached table.
b) Stroke adjustment
The pumping unit made by our factory is provided with three strokes. Crank pin with
variable stroke length is installed in corresponding crank pin bore. Stroke and position of
crank pin bore are in attached table and attached figure. Crank pin nut must be fastened
after changed.
c) Balance adjustment
(1) Initial balance estimation before installation of the pumping unit.
According to well load, balance torque is computed by formula given as follow:
M 平  ( P杆  P油 2) S 2
In which:
M 平—balance torque
P杆 — weight of pumping rod in oil liquid( kN);
P油 — oil column weight of all pump plunger area above producing fluid level of
well( kN);
S — stroke length of horse head loading point( m).
According to M 平 , looking up the corresponding rotating radius R of counter weight
gravity center in position figure (see attach Figure) of pumping unit counter weight
adjusted, abscissa of the attach figure is the position of crank scale where counter weight
gravity center is in. After balance is adjusted, nut must be fastened.
(2) Calculation for exact adjustment of counterbalance after operation.
a: first method
Adjustment calculation is conducted in reference to the actual net moment of gear box.
After the indictor diagram is measured, the net moment is calculated according to the
following formula:
M n  TF (W  G )  M sin 

Mn—net torque of gear box (kN.m);

M—Rotation balance weight maximum torque (kN.m), see attached figure;
W—The crank angle measure of polish rod load (kN);
θ— crank angle(°), regulation that the well head is at the right side of the observer.
With the position at 12 o′clock as zero degree, the clockwise direction is positive.
TF- Torque factor (m), see attached table;
G-unbalance weight of structure (kN).
As in the above formula, calculation is made again every 15°withθ angle and draw a
T—θcurve, then obtain the peak value of the net torque of the up and down strokes from
this cure. When the pumping unit is revolved clockwise, we use attached clockwise table.
When the pumping unit is revolved anticlockwise, we use attached anticlockwise table.
After calculating reasonable rotation balance weight maximum torque, we calculating
the suitable position of counter weight .
b: second method
Check if balance adjusting is suitable can be by measuring the current peak value. When
measuring the current peak value then make the current peak value difference of in up
stoke and in the down stroke is less than 15% of the max current .The max current should
be less than nominal current of electric motor.
8. Lubrication
Good lubrication is an important means to prolong the operating lifetime of pumping
unit. Lubrication of crank pin bearing, equalizer beam bearing, walking beam bearing and
electric motor bearing is: filled in L-XBCEA3 grease. According to the actual case,
lubricating oil is filled whenever necessary. Generally, the time of oil change is 6-12
month.

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 Lubrication of gear box: filled with ISO VG220 gear oil, when temperature is 0°to
140°F; filled with ISO VG150 gear oil, when temperature is -30°to 110°F. Generally, the
time of oil change is 6 month. In special case, oil change can be taken whenever necessary.
Every time of oil change, gear in gear box interior and bearing should be washed by light
oil. The dirty in oil trough must be cleared up. Washed by kerosene and gasoline is
forbidden.
In special environment area may select suitable lubrication oil (grease) according to
local case.

9. Maintenance
Maintenance of pumping unit should be done according to procedure as follows:
9.1 To the new pumping unit installed in a month, fastening operation done according
to regulation as follows:
1) After running 24 hours, fastener must be fastened for the first time according to
specify torque.
2) After running 7 days, fastener must be fastened for the second time.
3) After running 30 days, fastener must be fastened for the third time.
9.2 For the pumping unit running in order, maintenance should be done as follows:
1) Checking the fastening case between pumping unit and foundation. Be sure of the
pumping unit is not move on the foundation; foundation is not move or jump relative to
ground.
2) Keeping flowing water slope and drainage ditch unblocked around foundation.
3) Checking load of the pumping unit and balance result periodically. Be sure of the
pumping unit is not over loading and work under the optimum balance condition.
4) Inputting lubricating oil (grease) or lubricating oil change periodically.
5) Checking the attrition of brake block and adjusting, lubricating the all joints of
brake system periodically.
6) Checking and adjusting the slack or tight degree of driving belt.
7) Checking and fastening the connecting parts, for example: bolt of polishing rod
slip and locking nut of crank pin etc.
8) Checking if electric equipment is reliability.
9) Checking the lubrication and attrition case of gear box gear surface and bearing.
10) Checking the stability of the whole pumping unit running.
9.3 Maintenance periodically
1) Maintenance period
Generally, an overall maintenance is needed after using for 6 month. If in well
working condition, then 6-12 month is permitted.
2) Maintenance contents
a). Maintenance of electric motor: Disconnect the forth and back end cover of electric
motor, check the lubrication and attrition case of forth bearing and back bearing and then
according the to the case change bearing, lubricating oil change or filled in.
b). Maintenance of gear box: opening the peep hole cover plate, checking the attrition
condition of each gear pair. If the gear tooth attrition in single side or spot corrosion is
seriously, then the driving shaft, middle shaft and output shaft can be all turn around and
readjusted. In this way, the forced-side of gear tooth is changed and operating life of gear
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box is prolonged. According to the work surroundings and real case, sampling analyze
lubricating oil and decided the time of gear box lubricating oil change. If one of the
parameter is not qualification, such as: percentage of water and solid material in oil,
viscosity, acidity etc. the lubricating oil must be changed. If the lubricating oil is emulsify
and deterioration, the lubricating oil must be all put out, and then washing gear pair of gear
box interior and each bearing, then, filling in the new lubricating oil again. If gear box is
not rework at once, then pumping unit must be running 10 minutes to be sure of the guard
oil film is taken on the surface of gear box gear and bearing. If axial drunkenness of gear
box driving shaft and output shaft is great, the adjusting can be done by adding or reducing
number of gasket of both-sides bearing cover. Because a certain axial gap is remained
when driving shaft, middle shaft and output shaft installed, a little drunkenness is
normally.
c). Checking carefully if each rotating joint of pumping unit is abnormity, such as:
center bearing, tail bearing, pitman arm pin and crank pin bearing and then fastening bolt,
fill in or changing lubricating oil.
d). Check if each main fastener is in rupture, corrosion and lack part case, such as:
equalizer beam bolt, connecting bolt of walking beam Sampson post and anchor bolt of
frame, and then changing the new parts and fastening nut.
e). Readjust brake unit, change or repair brake block, crank pin, taper sleeve etc.
consumable accessory.
9.4 Maintenance worker notice
1) Maintenance worker must master and execute maintenance system of pumping unit
strictly.
2) After gear box washed by petroleum solvent, petroleum solvent must be clear away
by lubricating oil and refilling the suitable lubricating oil into gear box at once. The max
oil temperature of is not over 70℃ when gear box working.
3) The suitable viscosity of lubricating oil must be kept and impurity, sand and water
is forbidden to sneak into lubricating oil.
4) If pumping unit goes wrong, user must stop operating to check and repair
immediately.
5) Noticing the fastening condition of fastener at any time.
6) Recording and reserving the condition of pumping unit using and maintenance.
10. Failure and solution (see tab. 3)

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 Tab. 3 Failure and solution
Number Failure character Sign Reason of failure Prevent and solution
Whole pumping unit losing Sampson post swinging seriously. 1. Foundation is not firm. 1. Building foundation according to design
stability and damaged Frame and gear box vibrating seriously; 2. Drainage blocked cause the foundation requirement.
Non-uniform noisy sending out from sinkage. 2. Dredging drainage, repairing flowing water
electric motor 3.Connection between Sampson post and slope.
frame is not firm. 3. Fastening bolt.
1 4. Pumping unit is non-balance seriously. 4. Adjusting counter weight.
5. Anchor bolt is relaxed. 5. Fastening bolt.
6. Running overload, frequency of stroke 6. Formulating running regulation according to
is over. instruction book.
7. Pumping unit deviating central line of 7. Centering according to well head center and
well head seriously. foundation central line strictly.
1. Fitting up crank pin correctly according to
Sending out noisy periodical; crank pin 1.Assembly of crank pin is wrong.
2 Crank pin looseness requirement
having axial displacement 2. Nut of crank pin is relaxed.
2. Fastening nut.
1. Connecting key is destruction. 1. Changing new key.
2. Connection of crank and output shaft is 2. Fastening the bolt of crank aft.
Destruction of joint between crank Crank jumping suddenly, equalizer beam
3 relaxing. 3. Repairing key-seat and fitting with new key
and gear box output shaft. rocking and turning round.
3. Key-seat on shaft is destruction. or rotating crank output shaft 90°and fitting
with new key.
Pumping unit is non-balance lead Periodical noisy sending out from electric 1. Counter weight bolt is relaxed. 1. Fastening square head bolt.
to gear box overload and electric motor; counter weight moving. 2. Stop-block is relaxed. 2. Fastening fixing bolt of stop-block.
4
motor trip. 3. Square head bolt mating in crank slot is 3. Making square head bolt according as slot.
not well.
5 Steel cable joint of hanger is Cable jumping when horse head up and 1. Polishing and polishing rod slip size is 1. Changing polishing rod slip.
relaxing. down. not suitable causing position moving. 2. Changing steel cable.
2. Cable is pulled brokenly. 3. Adjusting the relative position (preventing
3. Stroke adjusting is wrong, and then stroked distance) between polishing rod and
make pump plunger collide with pump hanger.

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 barrel.
Numbe Prevent and solution
Failure character Sign Reason of failure
r
No braking or braking 1. Brake block is attrition. 1. Changing brake block.
auto. 2. Brake pulley is polluted by oil. 2. Wiping out the oil of brake pulley.
6
3. Spring is malfunction. 3. Changing spring.
4. Brake stroke adjusting isn’t suitable. 4. Adjusting the stroke of adjusting rod.
Gear box is overheating. Temperature of oil Decreasing lubricating oil and droping oil level to
7 pond is higher than Lubricating oil is too much. Oil viscosity is not suitable. prescriptive position. Adjusting lubricating oil trademark.
70℃.
Gear or bearing is rust 1. Running interruption in moist surroundings. Water is filled in 1. Letting old oil off and washing cleanly. Changing
8 corrosion badly. box. Lubricating oil is not suitable or deterioration. suitable lubricating oil.
2. ventilation is not enough 2. Checking blowhole and making it ventilate.
Serious spot corrosion is 1. Gear box running is under overload. 1. Decreasing load and adjusting counter weight.
appearance. 2. Lubricating oil doesn’t tally with technical regulation 2. Choosing suitable lubricating oil according to technical
(Some little corrected requirement. regulation requirement.
9
spot corrosion 3. Lubricating oil lose lubricant ability. Lubricating oil is 3. Changing the new lubricating oil.
disappeared soon is emulsify or polluted by impurity.
normally)
Bearing and other parts Bearing is heat or 1. Lubricating isn’t enough or oil is polluted by metal impurity. 1. Filling in lubricating oil or changing new lubricating
running abnormally, noise is at bearing 2. The gap between oil wiper and end plane of gear is excess. oil.
10 burning and jamming. support. 3. Gear box is overload; bearing and gear is breakdown. 2. Adjusting gap between 0.5-1.0mm.
4. Bearing or sealing part is relaxed and lead to friction. 3. Decreasing load and adjusting balance.
4. Fastening bolt of box cover and connection.
Gear box leak oil. The sealing part seep 1. Bolt is relaxed; big grain solid impurity is in sealing glue 1. Fastening bolt, changing sealing glue.
11 oil. which makes engagement badly between box cover and the box. 2. Dredging oil return bore and blowhole.
2. Oil return bore or blowhole is blocked. 3. Compacting shaft sleeve.
Driving shaft of gear box There is knock sound 1. Mating of gear and shaft is relaxing. 1. Changing gear or driving shaft.
12
occur axial drunkenness. in gear box. 2. Bearing is abrasion and destruction. 2. Changing bearing.
13 Pitman arm is pulled The sign before pulled 1. There is relative rotary motion between crank and driven 1. Checking coaxial degree (price scissors) of two crank

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brokenly. brokenly is crank shaft, which make this two crank non- parallel and lead to pin bore and adjusting.
vibration obviously; pitman arm forced non-uniform. 2. Changing bearing.
equalizer beam twist 2. Crank pin bearing is broken or jammed. 3. Emending Sampson post and fastening the bolt
and rock. 3. Sampson post is slope and lead to the two connecting rod between Sampson post and frame..
forced non-uniform. 4. Changing connecting rod.

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11. Tools and documents for pumping unit
11.1 When pumping unit is leaving factory, tools and accessory is rationing as
follows:
1) A set of special tools but general tools self are prepared by user.
2) Anchor bolt (lever or non-lever) of movable foundation according to buyer’s
request.
3) A set of pulleys of electric motor in this pumping unit according to buyer’s order.
11.2 When pumping unit is leaving factory, technique document as follows:
Operating manual 1 copy
Attached tables and figures 1 copy
Production qualification 1 copy
Packing list 1 copy
Notes: The tool provide with regard packing list as principle.
12. Attached tables and attached figures
Attached table 1: Technical parameter for C456D-305-144TH
Attached table 2 Frequency of stroke and the corresponding belt pulley for C456D-305-144TH
Attached table 3: Position factor and torque factor of polishing rod for C456D-305-144TH
Attached table 4: Computing table of net torque of gear box (The crank is clockwise to revolve)
Attached table 5: Computing table of net torque of gear box (The crank is counterclockwise to revolve)
Attached figure : Foundation diagram for C456D-305-144TH
Attached table 1: Technical parameter for C456D-305-144TH
Mode
C456D-305-144TH
Item Parameter
Polish Rod Capacity (Lbs) 30500
Stroke Lengths(in) 144 120 97
-1
Strokes Frequency(min ) 3 - 10
Balance mode Crank balance
Model JS-456
Reducer Ratio 28.744
Gear box
Peak Torque Rating(Inlbs) 456000
Oil Tank( US gal) 88
Model Y280M-8
Electric motor Power(kW) 45
Rotary speed (r/min) 740
Unbalance weight of structure (lbs ) -229
Total weight(t) 26
Outline Dimensions
434×106×351
（Length×Width×Height）(In)
Note: the total weight excluding electric motor’s weight; the outline dimensions
excluding crank guards

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Attached table 2: Frequency of stroke and the corresponding belt pulley for C456D-305-144TH
Frequency of stroke (min-1) 6 8 10
Diameter of C belt pulley (mm) 260 345 430
(Note: Pulley type should be supplied according to user request of order)

Attached table 3: Position factor and torque factor of polishing rod of C456D-305-144TH

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 Crank Position factor PR, % Torque factor TF, m
Angle Stroke length, m Stroke length, m
θ（°）
2.46 3.1 3.68 2.46 3.1 3.68
0
0.00007784 0.00021273 0.00047115 -0.02408122 -0.05057990 -0.09238556
15
0.01867164 0.01811597 0.01718632 0.37246496 0.46931205 0.56606552
30
0.07814663 0.07939468 0.07996991 0.73570028 0.94976721 1.18377366
45
0.17225167 0.17720868 0.18149247 1.01627435 1.31173376 1.63787307
60
0.29031043 0.29902692 0.30703640 1.18316041 1.50719593 1.85521858
75
0.41984410 0.43041774 0.43989596 1.23389227 1.54025501 1.85344753
90
0.54944271 0.55911843 0.56702998 1.18895095 1.45275907 1.70813752
105
0.67044573 0.67695357 0.68105216 1.07699212 1.29362507 1.49488275
120
0.77709469 0.77944355 0.77898485 0.92243602 1.09839126 1.26038300
135
0.86574398 0.86436739 0.86009458 0.74028306 0.88447766 1.02235639
150
0.93384419 0.93032897 0.92413722 0.53649978 0.65457895 0.77830889
165
0.97912973 0.97571876 0.97019247 0.31109178 0.40190661 0.51262573
180
0.99920724 0.99814388 0.99591788 0.06246720 0.11604184 0.20188020
195
0.99166204 0.99444601 0.99728676 -0.20724706 -0.20882133 -0.17543791
210
0.95473874 0.96155917 0.96941725 -0.48709306 -0.56288134 -0.61730026
225
0.88841759 0.89820500 0.90915344 -0.75561890 -0.91409845 -1.07520953
240
0.79533783 0.80653729 0.81815344 -0.98558039 -1.21727916 -1.46931587
255
0.68096040 0.69239457 0.70329944 -1.15258581 -1.43479838 -1.74065221
270
0.55290192 0.56402418 0.57407875 -1.24096870 -1.54840633 -1.87403764
285
0.41996526 0.43052832 0.44004672 -1.24366438 -1.55475859 -1.87807712
300
0.29139489 0.30101598 0.31001809 -1.15883986 -1.45559025 -1.76238277
315
0.17647809 0.18445935 0.19238570 -0.98729492 -1.25189746 -1.52875330
330
0.08428270 0.08979457 0.09568021 -0.73265131 -0.94399658 -1.17226722
345
0.02320959 0.02578503 0.02880940 -0.40458748 -0.53693654 -0.68913327
instruction 1. S-stroke length (m); 2.TF- Torque factor (m); 3.crank angle, The position of the above dead
center for 0 degrees, face to pumping unit, the mouth of a well follows a hour hand to revolve in
the right side of turn cape; 4.PR-Polish rod displacement that lower dead center calculates to
the percentage of the all stroke length.

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 Attached table 4: Computing table of net torque of gear box. (The crank is clockwise to revolve)
M n  TF (W  G )  M sin 

Model of pumping unit:

θ Sinθ W G W-G TF TF（W- -MSinθ Mn
G）
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
210
225
240
255
270
285
300
315
330
345
Notes： Mn- net torque of gear box; M-Revolve balance weight maximum torque; W-The
crank angle measure of polish rod load; θ- crank angle,(°); TF- Torque factor(m); G-
unbalance weight of structure, kN

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Attached table 5: Computing table of net torque of gear box. (The crank is anticlockwise to revolve)
M n  TF (W  G )  M sin 

Model of pumping unit:

θ Sinθ W G W-G TF TF（W- -MSinθ Mn
G）
0
345
330
315
300
285
270
255
240
225
210
195
180
165
150
135
120
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
Notes： Mn- net torque of gear box; M-Revolve balance weight maximum torque; W-The
crank angle measure of polish rod load; θ- crank angle,(°); TF- Torque factor(m); G-
unbalance weight of structure, kN

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 56 72
1016

400
W ell head

406

920
18 75
Cent re line of sam son pos t

Fr a m e

1200 1100 241 0

4423
I ns t r u c ti o n
1 . T h e f o un d a t i o n is l i f t i n g f o u n d a t io n a n d c om p o s e d o f a p r e c a s t i n g p a n e l 。
2 . T h e f ou n d a t i o n s h o u l d se t b u b b l e f o u n d a t io n o f d r il l i n g s i te ， w h i ch
t h e r u bb l e f o u n da t i o n i s m a d e a c c or d i n g t o f o r m a t i on o f o i l w e l l 、
s u r f a c e n e e d t o b e s c r e e di n g a n d po s i t i v e i n t w o d ir e c t i o n ； I n o r d e r t o
k e e p th e f o u n d at i o n a t t ai n l e v e l i n t w o di r e c t i o n s， l a y a cu t e a n g l e
s a n d o r s m a l l s to n e a n d th e u p p e r s u r f a c e o f f o u n d at i o n s h o ul d b e
h i g h e r t h a n f l a ng e o f o i l r e c o v e r y t r e e f ou n d a t i o n 3 0 0 m m 。
3. C o n c r e t in g a r m o u re d c o n c r et e f o r 2 00 a n d c e me n t f o r 50 0
4. T h e a c t iv e f o u n d at i o n i s on l y r e f e re n c e 。 R e c o m m e n d us e f o u n d at i o n o f po s i t i o n co n c r e t i ng 。
5. T h e o u t li n e d i m e ns i o n o f fo u n d a t i o n m a y a l t er a c c o r d in g t o o i l f i e l d pr a c t i c e 。

Attached figure : Foundation diagram of C456D-305-144TH

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