JOB STRESS AND JOB SATISFACTION 1

Review of Related Literature

The purpose of this literature review is to describe teacher’s stress; definition and types.

Particularly, it aims to analyze sources of teacher’s stress in the work place. This review would also like

to describe the factors that affects one’s job satisfaction with consideration of the theory used in this study

which is the Person-Environment Fit theory. Furthermore, this literature review aims to examine the

relationship of teacher’s job stress and their job satisfaction as teachers. This section of the literature

review discusses the objectives of the review (The “content” of your RRL). This should give the readers

an overview of what you will discuss on your RRL. And this is arranged base on the outline of your RRL.

In order to effectively discuss the stress of teachers in the work place, it will require a working

knowledge of what stress is and what is its types.  This sentence is the lead out to the first paragraph

and also the introduction of what is to be discussed on the second paragraph.

A vast definition of stress was given by researchers all across the globe. They have posited

different definitions of stress. For instance, Shahsavarani, Abadi, and Kalkhoran (2015), defined stress as

a biological phenomenon that is experienced by all human beings. As cited by, Nasurdin, Ramayah,

Kemaresan (2017) (from Robbins, 2001) they defined stress as “a dynamic condition in which the

individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint or demand related to what he or she desires and

for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important.” As promised on the objective,

the first part of the RRL is dedicated to defining what stress is. This part could be a compilation of

definition or just a sentence.

However, stress is not always negative by nature. There is also positive stressors called

“eustress”, and the negative stressors, on the other hand, are called “distress”.  Again, this is my lead

out to introduce my second paragraph. I got this from the last sentence of my previous paragraph that said

that stress is a condition which could be regarded as an opportunity, constraint or demand.

JOB STRESS AND JOB SATISFACTION 2

The term is “stressor” was used by Selye (1964) to describe a set of physical and psychological

responses to adverse conditions or influences. He used the term stressor to denote the stimuli that causes

or triggers psychological and physical responses that are originally symptoms of being sick. He then used

the term stress to denote the body’s response to the stimuli.  I added this paragraph to define the word

stressor, because it is an unfamiliar term that needs to be define and also it will help in understanding

what I am discussing.

Selye defined the eustress as the good stress. He defined eustress as “…the non-specific response

of the body to any demand placed upon it." Whereas, distress as an occurrence “…when the demands

placed on the body (in the larger sense that includes both the physiological and the psychological aspects)

exceed its capacity to expend energy in maintaining homeostasis.”.  Look here! I quoted the definition

because the terms are very important, and I cannot paraphrase it without risking misleading my readers.

Hence, the stimulus or the stressor may be deemed as pleasant and unpleasant. Therefore, eustress is the

optimal level of stress it is not too much nor too little and distress is too much stress or demand placed

upon the body. Thus, it is conclusive to say that both under and over stimulation leads to distress, while

moderate stimulation results to eustress.  This sentence is my analysis of what I learned from Selye.

You can do this by paraphrasing further what you already mentioned or by summarizing what you

learned. Also, you may notice that I only used one reference for these paragraphs. That is okay, but your

source gives you a lot of juice.

To further understand the idea of eustress and distress, one may think of eustress as the type of

stressor that motivates or fuels people to have enough energy to do work, without exhausting the body’s

capacity. Distress on the other hand is the type of stress that forces the body to its limits, hence draining it

of its energy or sometimes, causing certain strain on the body that is from time to time manifested through

physical symptoms and psychological reactions. This paragraph is my analysis of what I had previously

presented (my evidence on the two types of stress, paragraph 5 and paragraph 6). This is my own

explanation of what I had summarized.

JOB STRESS AND JOB SATISFACTION 3

Stress is experienced regardless of a person’s socio-economic status, occupation, or age.  This

is my transitional sentence, because I wanted to present related studies that discusses about the people’s

experiences of stress. In a study conducted by La Fevre, Matheny, and Kolt (2003), they found strong

correlation between an individual’s positive reaction towards and eustress, and negative reaction towards

and distress. To put simply, their findings stated that learning to react positively (e.g. gratitude, hope, and

goodwill) towards an experienced stress will maximize eustress and minimize distress. Whereas, reacting

negatively (e.g. hatred, hopelessness, anger, and urge to revenge) towards experienced stress is largely

accounted towards the unpleasant experience of stress or being distressed.  I cited my related studies by

presenting the Authors, and what they found out. But you can lengthen this by adding their thesis title,

what type of research they conduct, who were the participants before you tell the results.

Similarly,  A transitional device! I did this because I found another study that agrees with what

I previously cited a study conducted by Crum, Salovey, and Anchor (2013), have found out that mindset

is positively correlated with stress response. They assessed the correlation between the role of mindsets in

determining the stress response of an individual working in the helping profession (nurse, doctors, social

workers, teachers, firemen and policemen). The result of their study suggests that stress mindset is a

distinct and meaningful variable in determining the stress response. Hence, it supports that previous

findings of La Fevre, et.al (2003) ( its in et.al., because they have been mentioned) as mentioned in the

above paragraph.

Additionally, (another transitional word) another study, also authored by Crum, but co-

authored by Akinola, Martin, and Fath (2017), investigated the role of stress mindset in shaping the

cognitive, emotional, and physiological responses to challenging and threatening stress found out that

having a “stress-is-enhancing” mindset produced a more productive working employee relative to the

“stress-is-debilitating” mindset which produced a less productive and prone to burn-out working

employee.
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In simple words, when people perceived stress as a challenge, it produced positive effects,

resulting to higher attentional bias towards the stimuli; thus, higher cognitive flexibility and more

emotional stability. On the other hand, when people perceived stress as a threat, it produced negative

effects, resulting to worse cognitive and affective outcomes.  This is my analyses of what I found

out/learned from what I cited.

From these literatures, it can be deducted that stress is mainly a product of a person’s perspective

or reaction towards a stressor.  this is my summary of what I had discussed. It’s brief, really. But — it

is not always this short. Sometimes, it can be long, up to a paragraph, sometimes two!

Sources of Teacher’s Stress in the Work Place  I used Heading Level 2 because this is a new topic

to discuss

Occupational stress is defined...  again, you start by defining your variable (if it hasn’t been

defined previously).

FORMAT:

Margins – 1” all sides

Spacing – double spacing

Size – short (8.5” x 11”)

Font Size – 11 for normal text.

- For Heading Level 2 - 12 font size

Font Style – Times New Roman

Text Alignment – Left align

Add running head and page number