JURUSAN : SISTEM INFORMASI

MATKUL ; ENGLISH 2

NAMA : SAHRUL
RISKA
NADIAH FITRIANI
NURUL SAQA AQMARINA

TUGAS KELOMPOK

INTERNET

Internet Introduction

The internet is a telecommunications network that uses telephone lines, cables,

satellites and wireless connections to connect computers and other devices to the World Wide
Web. All modern computers can connect to the internet, as can many mobile phones and
some televisions, video game consoles and other devices.

How the Internet works

Physically, the Internet uses a portion of the total resources of the currently existing
public telecommunication networks. Technically, what distinguishes the Internet is its use of
a set of protocols called Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol ( TCP/IP ). Two
recent adaptations of Internet technology, the intranet and the extranet , also make use of the
TCP/IP protocol.

The Internet provides different online services. Some examples include:

 Web – a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web browser
 Email – the most common method of sending and receiving messages online
 Social media – websites and apps that allow people to share comments, photos, and
videos
 Online gaming – games that allow people to play with and against each other over the
Internet
 Software updates – operating system and application updates can typically
downloaded from the Internet
 In the early days of the Internet, most people connected to the Internet using a home
computer and a dial-up modem. DSL and cable modems eventually provided users with
"always-on" connections. Now mobile devices, such as tablets and smartphones , make it
possible for people to be connected to the Internet at all times. The Internet of Things has
turned common appliances and home systems into "smart" devices that can be monitored and
controlled over the Internet. As the Internet continues to grow and evolve, you can expect it
to become an even more integral part of daily life.

Brief History of Internet

Internet has been the main source in different fields like Education, Science, research
and others to develop, design and do many other things. It is a tangible entity that relies on
physical infrastructure to connect a network other networks. The Internet concept was first
coined through networking by J C R Liklider in 1962 which initially termed as Galactic
network which was used to interconnect a set of computers for accessing data and programs.
Since then DARPA concept came into existence and finally ARPANET where the first host
Computer was connected. The ARPANET was used earlier as a networking technology for
first electronic mail messaging service. Finally ARPANET became the Internet which works
on multiple independent networks with its network architecture design. The packet switching
method also introduced between networks that makes data communication from one place to
another easy.

On October 24, 1995 the FNC passed a resolution proposing the term as Internet with
various members of Internet and intellectual property communities. The resolution passed
states that Internet is a global information system which is logically linked by global unique
space address based on IP or Internet Protocol and support communications using TCP or
Transmission Control Protocol. It also states that it provides the users accessible to all the
services privately or publicly for communications. Since then with large evolution and
technology the networking concept has changed. There came peer to peer, client/server model
and more that allows connecting personal computers to a network. Physical cables, telephone
wires, networking devices, LAN, WAN and various others also came into existence to the
new generation that distribute the networks globally. There are various connection types like
wired, wireless, 2G, 3G and 4G that leads to increase the network capacity overall.

Internet TimeLine shows the milestones, achievements and major breakthroughs in

the development of Internet in this Computer world.
1962 - It was in 1962 when J.C.R Liklider first coined the concept of intergalactic network of
networked computers after ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) was created by US
Government and packet switching was introduced by Leonard Kleinrock.

1964-1967 - A typical packet switching network was created by Donald watts Davies at
National physical laboratory, Britain which revolutionizes the data communications in
various fields. Additionally the message blocks concept was also passed during data
communications by Paul Baran from Rand corporation, US.

1965 - It was the year when first WAN or Wide area network was created connecting through
long distance dial-up between TX-2 computer in Massachusetts and Q-32 computer in
California. The packet switching term also comes into existence for better data
communications.

1969 - Finally after all the proposals, fundings, designs and first paper packet switching the
ARPAnet’s structure proposal was written to design the network structure. The physical
interface message processor (IMP) was designed that links to four different universities and
data packets are send between networked computers. The first attempt was not successful
with the letter G of Login was entered. But in second attempt it gives a positive response.

1972 - After the Internet protocols were implemented and first IP connectivity was created,
the IMP network also rapidly increases with 23 hosts. Eventually the e-mail or electronic
mail was introduced by Ray Tomlinson that can send messages across distributed networks.
Packet switching was done by connecting 20 different computers and first Internet address
registry was created.

1973 - Now it is the era where first TCP/IP protocol and Ethernet was invented that
interconnects various computer networks for communicating with each other. The TCP
allows the users to login to a remote computer and download files.

1982 - The first Internet connection was established in Asia by Kilnam Chon which is known
as SDN and later termed as Internet.

1983 - The first DNS or Domain name system was introduced with network addresses to
identify an organization by .edu, .com, .org etc.

1984 - The first UNIX network was developed in Japan and first e-mail received in Germany.
1988 - The first Internet exchange point was established by connecting TCP/IP networks and
first commercial and non-commercial Internet networks. It was also the year when first ISP
or Internet Service provider was created by Daniel Karrenberg.

1989 - It is the time when Internet is growing worldwide and Dr. Stephen Goldstein plays an
important role of evaluating and funding for development of Internet. It then helps to connect
about 25 countries to NSFNET. After then the first WWW or World Wide Web was created
by Berners-Lee and a first web-browser application for Mac OS.

1991 - In this year the World Wide Web is available for public use over the Internet that has
loads of information in various fields.

1992 - The first surfing the Internet was used by Jean Armour Polly and net surfing was
coined by Brendan Kehoe in a USENET post. It’s also the time when audio and video
multicast came into existence.

1994 - The first website was launched by White house named as WWW.Whitehouse.gov and
then many other commercial websites were launched.

1998 - Google opens its first office in California and web publishing tools were introduced

1999 - Browsers came into existence where Netscape and Microsoft shares almost hundred
percent of market. Napster was introduced for music rights. Mozilla

Benefits of the internet

 Obtaining information
Children and students browse internet for obtaining information about particular
things. It is world's biggest source of information so you can find any type
information here easily by just making search in major search engines. Internet is not
only helpful for students and children but it is also helpful for teachers, businessman,
engineers, doctors, lawyers and other professionals.
 Services
There are numbers of services which are available on the internet like online business,
finding jobs, booking tickets for travelling, booking in hotels etc. Moreover, it is
extensively used today for the shopping reasons.
 Entertainment
 Another benefit of using internet is that you can enjoy a lot on the internet by
downloading games, playing games online, listening and downloading songs or
videos. It is considered an advanced method of enjoying the life.
 Social networking
Today, internet is highly used by people to become popular among people and to
make new friends. An individual can make thousands of friends, chat with them and
can post new photos easily through social networking sites.
 Globalization
Another benefit of the web world is globalization. Internet has gathered the entire
world into small screen. You can connect yourself with whole world and share your
ideas by posting videos or blogs.
 Communication
There are numbers of IDs like Gmail, Yahoo mail, Hotmail, Rediff and many more;
through these ids you can send messages, fax and electronic mails. This all you can
done just by sitting in front of computer from any corner of the world, only the
requirement to use internet you will need to connect your computer with an internet
connection.
 E –commerce
It is the method used for the advertisement purposes whether advertisement is related
to any business or any other thing.
 Shopping
Today, majority of people offer shopping online because it is the simplest method of
shopping by which you can shop for anything with the help of computer or phone.
The shopping done on the internet is known as online shopping and for this there will
be no need to visit any place.
 News
In the past, TVS and radios were used to be updated with whole world by news but
now you can surf internet and can get all the information about latest news in just 5
minutes.
 Marketing
Internet marketing has gained so much popularity among people and especially
businessman. Today, all business owners promote their businesses online. This is the
simplest method and by just developing a website and getting SEO services for the
 website you can make your site more popular among people which will help
promoting your business all over the world.

Positive Impact of the Internet

Behind the ease of accessing the internet, there are many positive impacts that we will get as
internet users. Here are some of them:

 Add Insights and Knowledge

With the internet, we have become more aware of various insights and knowledge
from various fields from all over the world. Especially for students, the internet makes
it easy for them to find information related to the lesson. Students can also see various
videos on Youtube which will certainly support their education. Many educational
videos are scattered on Youtube, you can also download the videos.
 Become a Communication Media
The internet is a communication tool used by the public to communicate with other
internet users on internet applications. Examples are chat applications such as Twitter,
Line, Facebook, Yahoo, BBM. This certainly makes it easy to communicate with
anyone, anywhere, and anytime.
 Easily Search for Job Vacancies
In addition to finding information easily, you can also look for job openings on the
internet. The internet has become a separate platform for you to find work easily
through sites that provide job vacancy information. The recruiting of prospective new
employees also usually also conduct research in advance about yourself on the
internet. Therefore, try to always show a good image on the internet.
 Easily Conduct Transactions and Do Business
The internet can also generate profits or money for you by trading online. For
example by opening your own online store. In addition, the internet also makes it easy
for you to do shopping transactions and makes you not have to bother to shop directly
at a physical store.

Negative Impact of the Internet

 Pornography
It is not wrong if the internet is associated with things related to pornography, whether
in the form of images, videos, or writing. Internet media provides an opportunity for
 someone to view, download, and trade pornography. Chat rooms that contain fantasy
and role playing for adults are even more prevalent. This is certainly very dangerous
for all people.
 Spread of False Information
False information or better known as HOAX is made by certain people with the aim
of scaring others, vilifying one party and so on. It's actually quite easy to detect false
information that is included in the broadcast message, but people prefer to trust and
share it right away even though the information is not yet confirmed.
 Showing Cruelty
The complexity of the information on the internet makes some sites display all forms
of cruelty and sadism to sell the site in question. Taboo matters have become one of
the ways that can increase the prestige of the site.
 Fraud
Not only in the internet media, fraud is a negative impact that lurks in everything. The
internet is one of the targets of fraudsters to launch the action. The best thing to do is
to ignore certain information that is considered to have an element of fraud.