Brief History of Internet

The Internet started in the 1960s as a way for government researchers to share information.
Computers in the '60s were large and immobile and in order to make use of information stored in
any one computer, one had to either travel to the site of the computer or have magnetic computer
tapes sent through the conventional postal system. Another catalyst in the formation of the Internet
was the heating up of the Cold War. The Soviet Union's launch of the Sputnik satellite spurred the
U.S. Defense Department to consider ways information could still be disseminated even after a
nuclear attack. This eventually led to the formation of the ARPANET (Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network), the network that ultimately evolved into what we now know as the
Internet. ARPANET was a great success but membership was limited to certain academic and
research organizations who had contracts with the Defence Department. In response to this, other
networks were created to provide information sharing..

January 1, 1983 is considered the official birthday of the Internet. Prior to this, the various
computer networks did not have a standard way to communicate with each other. A new
communications protocol was established called Transfer Control Protocol/Internetwork Protocol
(TCP/IP). This allowed different kinds of computers on different networks to "talk" to each other.
ARPANET and the Defense Data Network officially changed to the TCP/IP standard on January
1, 1983, hence the birth of the Internet. All networks could now be connected by a universal
language. Internet is a network of networks that connects millions of Computers to form a network
and communicating with each other for sharing resources. You can get information, access data,
communicate with others, shop, play games and many more by connecting your Computer through
Internet. The World Wide Web or web is a platform with various websites that helps you to access
global information over the Internet. A web-browser application is mainly important that helps
you to access all the information’s from various websites through Internet. So Internet is
everything and needs many things that can help you gather information from worldwide.
 Internet has been the main source in different fields like Education, Science, research and
others to develop, design and do many other things. It is a tangible entity that relies on physical
infrastructure to connect a network other networks. The Internet concept was first coined through
networking by J C R Liklider in 1962 which initially termed as Galactic network which was used
to interconnect a set of computers for accessing data and programs. Since then DARPA concept
came into existence and finally ARPANET where the first host Computer was connected. The
ARPANET was used earlier as a networking technology for first electronic mail messaging
service. Finally ARPANET became the Internet which works on multiple independent networks
with its network architecture design. The packet switching method also introduced between
networks that makes data communication from one place to another easy.

On October 24, 1995 the FNC passed a resolution proposing the term as Internet with
various members of Internet and intellectual property communities. The resolution passed states
that Internet is a global information system which is logically linked by global unique space
address based on IP or Internet Protocol and support communications using TCP or Transmission
Control Protocol. It also states that it provides the users accessible to all the services privately or
publicly for communications. Since then with large evolution and technology the networking
concept has changed. There came peer to peer, client/server model and more that allows connecting
personal computers to a network. Physical cables, telephone wires, networking devices, LAN,
WAN and various others also came into existence to the new generation that distribute the
networks globally. There are various connection types like wired, wireless, 2G, 3G and 4G that
leads to increase the network capacity overall.

Internet TimeLine

1962

It was in 1962 when J.C.R Liklider first coined the concept of intergalactic network of networked
computers after ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) was created by US Government and
packet switching was introduced by Leonard Kleinrock.

1964-1967

A typical packet switching network was created by Donald watts Davies at National physical
laboratory, Britain which revolutionizes the data communications in various fields. Additionally
the message blocks concept was also passed during data communications by Paul Baran from Rand
corporation, US.
1965

It was the year when first WAN or Wide area network was created connecting through long
distance dial-up between TX-2 computer in Massachusetts and Q-32 computer in California. The
packet switching term also comes into existence for better data communications.

1969

Finally after all the proposals, funding’s, designs and first paper packet switching the ARPAnet’s
structure proposal was written to design the network structure. The physical interface message
processor (IMP) was designed that links to four different universities and data packets are send
between networked computers. The first attempt was not successful with the letter G of Login was
entered. But in second attempt it gives a positive response.

1972

After the Internet protocols were implemented and first IP connectivity was created, the IMP
network also rapidly increases with 23 hosts. Eventually the e-mail or electronic mail was
introduced by Ray Tomlinson that can send messages across distributed networks. Packet
switching was done by connecting 20 different computers and first Internet address registry was
created.

1973

Now it is the era where first TCP/IP protocol and Ethernet was invented that interconnects
various computer networks for communicating with each other. The TCP allows the users to
login to a remote computer and download files.

1982

The first Internet connection was established in Asia by Kilnam Chon which is known as SDN
and later termed as Internet.

1983

The first DNS or Domain Name System was introduced with network addresses to identify an
organization by .edu, .com, .org etc.

1984

The first UNIX network was developed in Japan and first e-mail received in Germany.
1988

The first Internet exchange point was established by connecting TCP/IP networks and first
commercial and non-commercial Internet networks. It was also the year when first ISP or Internet
Service provider was created by Daniel Karrenberg.

1989

It is the time when Internet is growing worldwide and Dr. Stephen Goldstein plays an important
role of evaluating and funding for development of Internet. It then helps to connect about 25
countries to NSFNET. After then the first WWW or World Wide Web was created by Berners-
Lee and a first web-browser application for Mac OS.

1991

In this year the World Wide Web is available for public use over the Internet that has loads of
information in various fields.

1992

The first surfing the Internet was used by Jean Armour Polly and net surfing was coined by
Brendan Kehoe in a USENET post. It’s also the time when audio and video multicast came into
existence.

1994

The first website was launched by White house named as WWW.Whitehouse.gov and then
many other commercial websites were launched.
1998

Google opens its first office in California and web publishing tools were introduced

1999

Browsers came into existence where Netscape and Microsoft shares almost hundred percent of
market. Napster was introduced for music rights. Mozilla

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET

O COMMUNICATION:
The main advantage of internet is the faster communication than any other devices. It’s an instant
process. Communication in the form of video calls, emails etc. is possible using internet. Thus,
there is no specific region that can be accessed. It is accessible all over the world. Hence, because
of this global issues are reduced since video conferencing is possible where everyone across the
world can be in single place and can solve out a problem.

O INFORMATION:
The internet is the source of knowledge. All kinds of information is present in it. it is easily
accessed and can be searched more to get more additional knowledge. Information like educational
related, government laws, market sales, stocks and shares, new creations etc. is gathered from a
single place.

O LEARNING:
The internet has now become a part of education. Education like home schooling is easily carried
out using internet. Teachers can upload their teaching videos in the internet and is accessed by
people across the world which is helpful for all students. The marks are also released in the internet
since, releasing mark for the whole institution in notice boards will create chaos.

O ENTERTAINMENT:
The internet is now the most popular form of entertainment. Movies, songs, videos, games etc. is
available in internet for free. Social networking is also possible using internet. Hence, there is tons
of entertainment that is available in online in the internet.
 O SOCIAL NETWORK:
The social networking is the sharing of information to people across the world. Apart from being
an entertainment website, it has many uses. Any job vacancy, emergency news, ideas etc. can be
shared in the website and the information gets passed on quickly to wide area. Also the social
networking websites are used to easy communications. Example: Facebook and twitter.

O E-COMMERCE:
All business deals can be carried in the internet like transaction of money etc. this is called E
commerce. Online reservations, online ticket booking for movie etc. can be done easily. It saves
us lots of time. Online shopping is now the latest trend in internet world where products from
dresses to household furniture is available at door step.

o Related: Debit card Pros and cons

WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET

O INFORMATION LOSS:
The information crucial to us or any important files can be easily taken by the hackers. There is no
exact proof for the security for the details we store like account number, passwords etc. hence,
sensitive information must be carefully stored by the people.

O SPAM:
The unnecessary emails, advertisements etc. sometimes are said to be spam because they have the
ability to slow down the system and makes the users to face lots of problems. Spam makes the
people get more confused since important emails are also stored along with spam.

O VIRUS ATTACKS:
The malware or virus threats are so deadly that affects the system to a greater extend. It
immediately deletes all important files and finally the system ends up being crashed. The virus
attack is possible in three ways. One it attacks selected files. Two, it harms the executable boot
files and most dangerous of all is the macro virus which has the ability to replicate and expand to
all parts of files.

O VIRTUAL WORLD:
The people using internet often will forget the difference between virtual and real world. This
causes the people to get depressed quickly and it leads to social isolation and obesity problems.
The obesity is due to the lack of any physical exercises. So its better to play outdoor rather in the
internet.

Services That Offered on the Internet

Companies provide services through the Internet including email, Skype, Twitter, instant
messaging and videoconferencing. The World Wide Web and instant access to information are
among the important services provided using the Internet. Other fundamental services provided
through the Internet include e-commerce, e-learning, e-health and Internet banking.

The Internet has become a fundamental necessity to living, working, interacting and
communicating with people. The services offered through the Internet allow individuals to become
part of the global world. Communication technologies provided using the Internet, such as emails,
allow for an easy, cheap and simultaneous communication among many people from various parts
of the world. Customized mailing groups and bulletin boards for groups of users have enhanced
collaboration on various tasks such as homework. In addition, the Internet allows people to have
access to a common folder or files, this enhances timely completion of projects.

The Internet allows companies to create websites and blogs through which they make their
operations public to the world. Many institutional libraries have taken advantage of the Internet to
enhance users’ access to information. For instance, the replacement of the manual catalogue with
the electronic catalogue has increased efficiency in the search for books and journals in many
libraries. The application of innovative Internet services in business such as health, education,
commerce, banking and sports, has enhanced efficiency in service delivery. Social networking
such as Facebook allows people to connect with friends and the rest of the world. Finally, people
may spend their free time playing online games with other connected people.
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
EASTERN VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY
TANAUAN, CAMPUS
TANAUAN, LEYTE

ASSIGNMENT
IN
WEB SYSTEMS AND
TECHNOLOGIES (IT 273)

Submitted by:
MARIA JUDY A. ISIDRO
BSIT 2-A

Submitted to:
MR. MICHAEL BATAN
INSTRUCTOR