HISTORY OF

INTERNET
 B A C K G R O U N D I N F O R M AT I O N F O R
LEARNERS

The Invention of the Internet

In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first man-made rocket to
ever go into outer space. The Americans and Soviet Unions had a race to
top on space and technology and who can make a first major discovery.
The U.S. founded NASA and the Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA).

The U.S. military experts and scientist were worried about what would
happen if the country’s telephone system was destroyed. A scientist named
J.C.R. Licklider came up with a solution: a network of computers that
could communicate with each other. A few years later, “packet switching”,
a way of sending information from one computer to another, was invented.
The first wide-area computer network was built in 1965; it is connected to
a computer in Massachusetts to another computer in California.

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LEARNERS

In 1969, the network that was called the ARPAnet delivered the
first message from one computer to another. They tried to send the
word “LOGIN” but only two letters were sent before the system
crashed.

In 1972, the ARPAnet introduced to the public when its use was
demonstrated at the International Computer Communication
Conference (ICCC). The same year, electronic mail (e-mail) came
out. Throughout the 1970s, the ARPAnet continued to grow and add
other computer networks

from around the globe. In the 1980s, scientists and researchers used
computers to send information to one another.

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 TIMELINE OF INTERNET
1960s

The internet history starts in the 1960s. In 1962, MIT computer scientist J.C.R. Licklider
comes up with the idea for a global computer network. Worked by Leonard Kleinrock, Thomas
Merrill and Lawrence G. Roberts on packet-switching theory, pioneers the way to the world’s
first wide-area computer network it was on 1965. Roberts later goes on to publish a plan for
the ARPANET, an ARPA-funded computer network that becomes reality in 1969.

1970s

In 1973, Robert Khan and Vinton Cerf collaborate to develop a protocol for linking multiple
networks together. It becomes the Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), a
technology that links multiple networks together, that if one network is down, the others do
not collapse. While working at Xerox, Robert Metcalfe develops a system using cables that
allows for transfer of more data over a network. He names this system Alto Aloha, also known
as Ethernet. After a few years Ted Nelson proposes using hypertext to organize network
information, and Unix becomes popular for TCP/IP networks. Tom Truscott and Steve Bellovin
develop a Unix-based system for transferring data over phone lines via a dial-up connection.
This system becomes USENET. 5
 TIMELINE OF INTERNET

1980s
Dave Farber of the University of Delaware reveals a project to build an
inexpensive network using dial-up phone lines. In 1982, the PhoneNet system
is established and is connected to ARPANET. The first commercial network is
Telenet. This broadens access to the internet and allows for email
communication between multiple nations of the world. In 1981, Metcalfe’s
company 3Com announces Ethernet products for both computer workstations
and personal computers; the establishments of local area networks also
known as LANs. Paul Mockapetris, Jon Postel and Craig Partridge create the
Domain Name system, which uses domain names to manage the increasing
number of users in the internet. In 1985, the first domain is registered:
symbolics.com, a domain that belongs to a computer manufacturer.

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 TIMELINE OF INTERNET

1990S
In 1990, ARPANET is closed. Tim Berners-Lee and his colleagues at CERN
developed hypertext markup language also known as HTML and the uniform
resource locator known as URL, giving birth to the first incarnation of the
World Wide Web or www. In 1995: Microsoft launches; and Java is created,
allowing for animation on websites and creating a new flurry of internet
activity. In 1996, Congress passes the Communications Decency Act in an
effort to battle the growing amount of objectionable material on the internet.
John Perry Barlow responds with an essay, A Declaration of the Independence
of Cyberspace. Google is founded in 1998. In 1999, the music and video
privacy controversy intensifies with the launch of Napster. The first internet
virus capable of copying and sending itself to user’s address book is
discovered in 1999.
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 TIMELINE OF INTERNET

2000S
2000 sees the rise and burst of the dotcom bubble. While
multitude internet-based businesses become present in everyday
life, the Dow Jones industrial average also sees its biggest one-
day drop in history up to that point. By 2001, most publicly
traded dotcom companies are gone. It’s not all bad news, though;
the 2000s see Google’s meteoric rise to domination on the search
engine market. This decade also sees the rise and proliferation of
Wi-Fi – wireless internet communication – as well as mobile
internet devices like smartphones and in 2005 the first-ever
internet cat video. 8
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