Jose Arielle P.

Vivas

BSHM-2

Introduction

The history of the Philippines from 1521 to 1898, also known as the Spanish colonial period from 1565,
was the period following the arrival of Magellan in the Philippines and during Spain financed expeditions
to the Philippine islands and then ruled them as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the
Spanish East Indies, initially under New Spain until Mexican independence in 1821, which gave Madrid
direct control over the area. It started with the arrival in 1521 of European explorer Ferdinand Magellan
sailing for Spain, which heralded the period when the Philippines was a colony of the Spanish Empire,
and ended with the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution in 1898, which marked the beginning of the
American colonial era of Philippine history.

Fernão de Magalhães “Ferdinand Magellan” was born in Sabrosa, Portugal, to a family of minor
Portuguese nobility. At age 12 Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães in Portuguese and Fernando de
Magallanes in Spanish) and his brother Diogo traveled to Lisbon to serve as pages at Queen Leonora's court.

Although the archipelago may have been visited before by the Portuguese (who conquered Malacca
City in 1511 and reached Maluku Islands in 1512), the earliest documented European expedition to the
Philippines was that led by Ferdinand Magellan, in the service of the king of Spain. But before they go to
Samar and Leyte they went to Cebu but they did not pass, sighted the mountains of Samar at dawn on
the 17th March 1521, making landfall the following day at the small, uninhabited island of Homonhon at
the mouth of the Leyte Gulf.[ On Easter Sunday, 31 March 1521, at Mazaua (today believed to be
Limasawa island in Southern Leyte) as is stated in Antonio Pigafetta's Primo Viaggio Intorno El Mondo
(First Voyage Around the World), Magellan solemnly planted a cross on the summit of a hill overlooking
the sea and claimed for the king of Spain possession of the islands he had seen, naming them
Archipelago of Saint Lazaru.

Unlocking difficulties:

The difficulties that I encounter in the Spanish era that even though that the Spaniards is colonized us
before they even teach and share so many things like Language, numbers, money, Catholicism, Last
names, Capital city, Country name, Western Culture, Education, and Food. This is the Spaniards share to
us when they come here in our country. Even though they want to ruled us I realized that I thankful the
they come here to share they knowledge and they’re discoveries.

Answers (Questions):

1.How is science been observed during Pre-hispanic Period? Even before the colonization by the
Spaniards in the Philippine islands, the natives of the archipelago already had practices linked to science
and technology. Filipinos were already aware of the medicinal and therapeutic properties of plants and the
methods of extracting medicine from herbs. They already had an alphabet, number system, a weighing
and measuring system and a calendar. Filipinos were already engaged in farming, shipbuilding, mining
and weaving. The Banaue Rice Terraces are among the sophisticated products of engineering by pre-
Spanish era Filipinos. Science and technology in the Philippines describes scientific and technological
progress made by the Philippines and analyses related policy issues. The main agency responsible for
managing science and technology (S&T) is the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). There
are also sectorial councils for Forestry, Agriculture and Aquaculture, the Metal Industry, Nuclear
Research, Food and Nutrition, Health, Meteorology, Volcanology and Seismology. Among the men and
women who have made contributions to science are Fe del Mundo in the field of pediatrics, Eduardo
Quisumbing in plant taxonomy, Gavino Trono in tropical marine phycology and Maria Orosa in the field
of food technology.
2.How does technology used during the time of Spaniards? Here is the technology used in the time of
the Spaniards there are the innovation and generating advanced solutions in the industries of aerospace,
renewable energies, water treatment, rail, biotechnology, industrial machinery and civil engineering.
3.Diff. archeological artifact in diff. metal aids influence the lives of early Filipinos.
These are the 15 archeological discoveries in the Philippines
1. The “Yawning” Jarlet of Leta-Leta Cave.
2. The Callao Man.
3. The Laguna Copper Plate Inscription (LCI).
4. The Flying Elephant of Lena Shoal.
5. The Manunggul Jar.
6. Oton Death Mask.
7. Bolinao Skull.
8. Maitum Anthropomorphic Burial Jar.
9. Butuan “Mother Boat.”
10. San Diego’s Astrolabe.
11. The “Death Blanket” of Banton, Romblon.
12. The Limestone Tombs of Mt. Kamhantik.
13. Batanes Castle.
14. Calatagan Ritual Pot.
15. The Golden Tara of Agusan.

4. What did the Spaniards bring to our country? This is the things that they brought here in the
Philippines it is the Language, numbers, money, Catholicism, Last names, Capital city, Country name,
Western Culture, Education, and Food. This is the Spaniards share to us when they come here in our
country.
5. What happened to the lifestyle of the Filipinos during Spanish era?
The Spanish accomplished little in the Philippines. They introduced Catholicism, established a Walled
City in Manila but ultimately they were disappointed because they couldn't find spices or gold (gold was
only discovered in large quantities after the Americans arrived). The primary purpose of the Philippines
was to trade New World silver for Chinese silk. The Spanish were able to gain control of the coastal
areas of the northern and central islands, but not the southern islands, where Islam was deeply rooted, and
the jungle interior and highlands, where indigenous tribes, including headhunters, were able to repel
Spanish incursions. The most high-status and affluent groups of people were Chinese entrepreneurs, lured
by business opportunities, and Spanish officials. They intermarried with the local population, producing a
new and distinctive culture. Manila was the heart of the Spanish colony in the Philippines. Much of the
international trade conducted by Spain in Asia was linked to Manila somehow and most of the rich and
powerful had their homes here. The Spaniards in Manila lived in the walled city of Intramuros. The
governor, administrators, friars, merchants, military officials, priests and soldiers from Spain and some of
their families all resided within the walls. Outside the walls was a a polyglot community of Filipinos,
Chinese, Japanese and other foreigners. Those that profited the most from trade and other economic
activities, primarily the Spanish elite, wore fine silks, traveled around un elegant coaches, wore gold
chains and gem-stubbed rings and were looked after by an army of servants.
Comments/ Conclusion
I just realize that if the Spaniards didn’t come here in the Philippines we won’t be able to adapt of what’s
happening in the world and we will not evolved because when they came here they shared us their
knowledge and discoveries in their journey. They also taught us so many things even their own language
and I personally thankful that they came here and shared us what they know and what else could happen.