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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Street food is also known as the on- the -go food or drinks sold by a vendor, usually

sell in streets and some public places that are relatively inexpensive prices. It is often sold

from a portable food cart, food booth or food trucks.

In the Philippines street foods are known as tusok-tusok or in English term poke that

contributes a big part in the Philippine culinary culture, it showcase the Filipino talents in

cooking the unlikeliest and least palatable ingredients. Falling under to this category, are

deep fried and grilled street foods, eaten by pointed skewer and “poking” or sticking and

dip into your preferred sauce.

Filipino street food vendors often lack of potable water supply, garbage disposal and

sometimes a clean working environment making these street foods exposed to harmful

elements that may result in different illness like diarrhea, hepatitis and even food poisoning.

The predictor of consumer patronage of street food vendors in typical developing

economy context study cited that the Ilo - ilo local government street food selling is a fast

growing business in our country. They doesn’t issued sanitation permit for this kind of

business because they do not have permanent business addresses and it is difficult to

monitor the hygiene of the handlers in preparing, storing and serving the food most

especially the personal hygiene of the vendor.

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Food safety awareness is important and effective way to keep you from possible deadly

illness.

Although street food selling provides source of nutrition and satisfaction, the

unconsciousness of the consumer to the danger of street foods

Background

Filipino Street foods can be find all over the Philippines especially in Manila, one

of the areas in Manila which is the Morayta were the University belt located is called the

Hepa Lane because you can find all kinds of Filipino street foods in this place. Some of the

delicious Filipino street foods is Isaw, refers to a pork or chicken intestine that is grilled

over hot fire, most people like to soak it in the chili onion vinegar. Kwek- Kwek, refers to

an egg coated in an orange colored battered and deep fried. Halo- halo one of the popular

dessert in the Philippines because of different combination of coconut, fruits, sweet beans,

fresh milk, syrup and jellies. If you are asking for the king of Filipino street food that is the

balut, it is perfect for your exotic cravings, It is partially develop duck egg embryo.

Street food are the major source of microbial contamination because of place of

preparation, utensils for cooking and serving that why eating street food is taking a risk.

These foods are acquiring contagious diseases, contract worms, develop allergies and

cancer.

Objectives of the study

The general objective of this study is to determine the consumers’ awareness on

health risk towards street food products on selected schools in Rosario, Cavite
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Specifically, this study aims to;

1. Identify the demographic profile of the selected street food consumers in Rosario,

Cavite in terms of ;

a. age

b. sex

c. civil status

d. educational attainment

e. employment status

2. Identify the level of health risk awareness among the following:

a. Preparation

b. Presentation

c. Palatability

d. Value of Money

e. Location

3. Determine the significant relationship between respondents’ demographic profile

and awareness level in preparation, presentation, palatability, value of money and

location, treated individually and collectively.

Significance of the study

The study served as reference material for the university and students to

continuously conduct a research on the consumers’ awareness on health risk towards on

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street food product in Rosario, Cavite. To the Municipality of Rosario, Cavite, it provides

them the knowledge on how they will improve the problems with the street food selling

permits and on how they will help the vendors on proper handling that can be used on their

everyday work and to less the health risk from consuming street foods. To the other

researchers, it can be used this study as their reference in the direction of better study.

Time and place of the study

The study will be conducted at the selected schools

in Rosario, Cavite from April 2019 to November 2019.

Scope and Limitation

The study will be conducted at Rosario, Cavite where the ten (10) selected schools

are namely; Cavite State University- CCAT Campus, System Technology Institute

Rosario, Rosario Institute, Rosario National High School, Galilee Academy, Bagbag

National High School, Silangan Elementary School, Holy Rosary School, and Rosario

Elementary School were selected as study and a questionnaire was distributed in the

selected street food consumer in Rosario, Cavite. The scope of this study was the selected

street food consumer who carefully giving the survey questionnaires and interviewed by

the researchers who conducted the survey.

Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

Demographic Profile Formulate and

of the street food approval of survey
consumers’ of questionnaire CONSUMERS’
Rosario, Cavite AWARENESS ON
HEALTH RISK
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Operational Definition of Terms

Palatability - having a pleasant or agreeable taste.

Street food - any ready to eat meal or beverage found in the market and public places.
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Consumer - a person who buy goods and service.

Awareness- knowing and understanding a lot about what is happening in the world or

around you.

Food-Borne Illness (FBI) - normally much more severe than food poisoning, prolonged

period.

Food Poisoning - acute disturbance of the gastro-intestinal tract.

Health Risk - something that increase your chance of developing disease.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of related literature of the study entitled,
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Consumers’ awareness on health risk towards street food products in selected

schools in Rosario Cavite, The information gathered helped the researcher to

understand and prove the study. A consumers awareness is important regarding to

the food business which contributes to the growth of industry and it gives

advantages regarding in consumer safety.

Consumer awareness

The concerning food safety in the articles entitled, “The consumer

awareness and willingness to pay for safety of the street foods in developing

country” This review summarizes the results of study on awareness and perceptions

of street food consumers to the risks involved in street food, and their willingness

to pay for the safety involvement. The main control to willingness to pay is the

additional cost that could result from the operation of reports of willingness to pay

studies which could disqualify those consumers that may not be able to afford. This

review, as a result, recommends the preparation and implementation of proper

public policies that would cover the entire chain of street food selling for the safety

of everyone for the health of the consumers. (Buliyamuni Adegbimuro 2015)

Food Safety Knowledge

Controlling and ensuring the safety of street foods product in many countries

is a challenge seeing that these foods are regularly less expensive and readily
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available. The objective of this study was to determine the food safety knowledge

based on bacterial hazard awareness of street food consumers in the Johannesburg

municipality. (Chioma V. Asiegbu ,Sogolo L. Lebelo Federick T. Tabit, February

2016)

Patronizing the Street food

To contribute to the understanding of the knowledge, attitude and

practices of consumers related to safety of street food,. Knowledge, attitude and

practices scores of consumers were found to be positively correlated with each

other indicating that consumers with better knowledge and positive attitude follow

more food safety related practices. There is need to spread awareness related to

food safety to ensure that good practices are instructed in the consumers. The

consumers need to be more aware about the consequences of health hazards which

occur due to poor hygiene and negligence towards food safety. Towards reduction

in food-borne diseases. The study premises that there is an urgent need to supervise

quality and safety of street foods for healthy population and a strong nation.

(Parveen Pannu, Deepshikha Kataria, Sunita Aggarwal, 2016)

Factors of Buying Street foods

There is no doubt that street food trade is very important to the socio-

economy of developing countries. However, informal nature of the trade gives

room for unwholesome activities which could pose serious hazards to the health
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and safety of the practitioners along the chain. Several points of hazards also called

risk factors were identified. The risk factors permeate the entire system and are

mostly health and bacterial/damage related. Proper management of the trade by all

the stakeholders (farmers, vendors, consumers, governments, food and health

professionals in academics and development partners) would ensure safe practices

and engender safer and healthier society. (Buliyaminu Adegbemiro alimi, 2016)

Street Foods Cycle

The street foods play an important socio economic role in meeting food and

nutritional requirements of city consumers at affordable prices to the lower and

middle income people. The number of food poisoning notifications, This may be

partially attributed to improved investigation, increased global trade and travel,

changes in modern food production, the impact of modern lifestyles, changes in

food consumption, and the appearance of new pathogens. Consumer’s knowledge

and attitude may influence food safety behavior and practice. For the sake of public

health, it is important to understand the epidemiology of foodborne illnesses that

help in prevention and control efforts, properly allocating resources to control

foodborne illness, monitoring and evaluation of food safety measures, development

of new food safety standards, and assessment of the cost-effectiveness of

interventions. (Md. Khairuzzaman et al, April 2014)

History of Street foods

The roots of street food can take us way back into history. It is believed that as the

first distribution point of street food, small fried fish were sold on the streets in
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ancient Greece. Street food was widely consumed by poor urban residents of

ancient Rome whose tenement homes did not have ovens or hearths. In ancient

China, where street foods generally catered to the poor, wealthy residents would

send servants to buy street foods and bring meals back for their masters to eat in

their homes. Urbanization and street food go hand in hand. Historically, in places

such as ancient Rome, street food was purchased because urban poor did not have

kitchens in their homes. Across the globe, street food, sometimes also synonymous

with fast food, has become an important part of daily life as local population

increasingly struggle to keep pace with their hectic lifestyles. The street vendors

offer hot fresh, lip smacking snacks which are very filling and absolute value for

money. Take-out food, junk food, snacks, and fast food are synonymous with street

food and all of these can be purchased on the foot path without entering any

building. These foods are popular mainly because they are easily available, and that

too at half the price or less of any restaurant food. It is of particular cultural

importance to India, where this forms the means of livelihood for many pushcart

vendors, Dhabi owners and their families. This street food culture also ensures that

the connection with India’s rich cultural heritage is retained, with influences

ranging from the Mughal dynasty to the British Empire. According to an estimate

of the Food and Agriculture Organization, which was released in 2012, over 2.5

billion people eat street food in India every day. The National Street Food Festival,

which is an annual event organized in Delhi by the National Association of Street

Food Vendors of India is a platform where street food from all the states of the
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country is showcased. This is a platform which showcases the cultural diversity of

the country in the culinary space – specially catering to street food.

Today, while some street foods are regional, many are not, having spread

beyond their region of origin. A lot of people, who have not been exposed to the

street food culture, shy away from it thinking it is unhealthy and unhygienic.

However, one would be surprised to note, that despite concerns about

contamination at street food vendors, the incidence of such is low with multiple

studies showing rates comparable to restaurants.

A well-known Australian Culinary Historian and author of the recently

released ;The Penguin Food Guide to India Charmaine ; Brien, who was on a

culinary tour to India, observed that the small regional food vendors or hawkers

across India mostly sold freshly cooked meals using fresh ingredients. While

elaborating on Indian food cuisine and culture, O'Brien said Indian regional food

was most complex and offered a diverse cuisine unlike known to outside world.

"Indian food is laden with history, culture, religion, economic conditions as well as

weather," she said. Even trade affected the development of Indian cuisines, she said

adding 'In Madurai, the Chettinad cuisine has expensive spices like fennel,

coriander, clove, cinnamon which reflected that people were wealthy and trade

happened (Chef Davinder Kumar, August 4, 2015)

Preparation of street food in the Philippines

Majority of the street food vendors sell isaw because people of the community most

likely prefer isaw as their merienda. The street food vendors are practicing a clean
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working area as part of their sanitation practices. The customers perceived that

barely checking of the food if it is free from larva is being practiced by the street

vendors. (Dr.. Dexter R. Buted & Dr.. Alex P. Ylagan, May 2014)

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Research Design
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In this study the researchers used the mixed Descriptive and Inferential approaches.

The researchers utilized qualitative and quantitative approach. The study will show the

consumers awareness on health risk towards on street food products.

Source of Data

The study used the both the primary and secondary data which helped in analysis

and interpretation of the study. The primary data of the study completely based on the

selected street food consumer in Rosario, Cavite, by using the questionnaire on the other

hand, secondary data will consist of review of related literature from books, other published

materials and online data to support the study.

Participants of the study

The participants of the study are the students, faculty and staff who consumes the

street food on selected schools in Rosario, Cavite.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers’ will conduct their survey in selected schools in Rosario, Cavite

namely; Cavite State University- CCAT Campus, System Technology Institute Rosario,

Rosario Institute, Rosario National High School, Galilee Academy, Bagbag National High

School, Silangan Elementary School, Holy Rosary School, and Rosario Elementary

School.

Sampling Techniques

The researchers will be going to use the random sampling were selected street food

consumer for each school in Rosario, Cavite namely; Cavite State University- CCAT
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Campus, System Technology Institute Rosario, Rosario Institute, Rosario National High

School, Galilee Academy, Bagbag National High School, Silangan Elementary School,

Holy Rosary School, and Rosario Elementary School.