FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY

LABORATORY REPORT

COURSE CODE BNP 20103

EXPERIMENT CODE & TITLE MKSA – 01-BASIC HYDROLOGY

EXPERIMENT DATE 25 SEPTEMBER 2019

SECTION/GROUP NO. GROUP 6

1.WOO ZHE MIN

2.PRESIDA ANAK JETI
GROUP MEMBERS 3.MUHAMAD AFIQ BIN ABDUL RAHIM
4.NURUL ASHIKIN BINTI AHMAD SHAFIE
5.SITI NOR KHURAIRAH BINTI SUHAIMI

1. PUAN NUR AINI BINTI MOHD ARISH

LECTURER/ INSTRUCTOR
2. CIK FAEQATUL NABILA BINTI ZUBIR

SUBMISSION DATE 9 OCTOBER 2019

RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP

EXAMINER’S COMMENTS
 Lab Report Assessment Rubrics
Faculty: FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Programme: BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY WITH HONOURS
Course/Code: HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY LABORATORY/ BNP20103
Experiment Title: BASIC HYDROLOGY

CLO3: Display technically the given hydraulics and hydrology problems through laboratory tasks/project effectively
Assessm Leve Weigh Scor
Sub Criteria 1 (Weak) 2 (Modest) 3 (Good) 4 (Excellent)
ent l t e
Lab work needs are not
Descriptions of the lab Some lab work needs are not Most lab work needs are All lab work needs are
described at all.
work needs. Correct use accurately described. Major accurately described. Mostly accurately described. Correct
P1 Incorrect use of 4 /16
of measurement incorrect use of measurement correct use of measurement use of measurement
measurement technique
technique and equipment technique and equipment technique and equipment technique and equipment
and equipment
Report All data collections are
Describe correct and Data collections are not Most data collections are not Most data collections are
accurately and precisely
precise data collection. complete. Wrongly accurately and precisely accurately and precisely
described. Analyse and
Analyse and discuss the P2 analyse and discuss of described. Major wrong in described. Minor wrong in 4 /16
discuss the data trends and
data trends and patterns data trends and analyse and discuss the data analyse and discuss the data
patterns using correct
using correct graphs patterns. trends and patterns. trends and patterns.
graphs
Ability to organise, Practices safely, can work
Practices most procedures
performs experiments Fails to notice important independently and take
Minor flaws in safety. Requires safely conforms to the lab
safely and aware of P3 information and safety initiative as well as 5 /20
constant supervision. regulations with minimal
priorities in the factors in the workplace. cooperating effectively in a
supervision.
laboratory. team.
Practical
Shows excellent
Performs with little
Ability to show Shows good performance with performance with unusual
energy, focus and no Performs with some energy,
engagement in P4 confident, energy and energy, very focused, shows 8 /32
commitment- needs focus and commitment
conducting experiment. commitment. confidence and full
support.
commitment.
Total 21 /84

CLO4: Comply the ability to work in group ethically and effectively in order to solve problems related to hydraulics and hydrology
Assessme Scor
Sub-criteria Level 1 (Weak) 2 (Modest) 3 (Good) 4 (Excellent) Weight
nt e
Format of report follows Do not follow the report Follow the report format very Mostly follow all the report Follow all the report format
Report given format, shows A1 format. Poor team work, little format Excellent team work, 3 /12
team work, contribution contribution from all Average team work, Good team work, contribution contribution from all
 from all members. members, Very late contribution from all members. from all members. On time members. On time
Completes group lab submission of lab report On time submission of lab submission of lab report submission of lab report
report on time report
Less participates in
Participates in group Participates in group Mostly participates in group All participates in group
group discussion, shows
discussion, shows discussion, shows some discussion, shows some discussion, shows great
Practical A2 less interest in lab 6 /24
interest in lab works, interest in lab works, not really interest in lab works, enjoys interest in lab works, enjoys
works, not enjoys
enjoys helping others enjoy helping others helping others helping others
helping others
Total 9 /36

Total (%)
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY

LABORATORY PAPER INSTRUCTION

Subject Code BNP20103

Experiment Code MKSA – 01

Experiment Title BASIC HYDROLOGY

Section 1 2 3 4 5 6
 STUDENT CODE OF ETHICS

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to not
accept or provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything that is in it is true.

1) Group Leader (Signature)

Name :
Matrix No. :

2) Group Member 1 (Signature)

Name :
Matrix No. :

3) Group Member 2 (Signature)

Name :
Matrix No. :

4) Group Member 3 (Signature)

Name :
Matrix No. :
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY PAGE NO :
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EDITION : 2
TECHNOLOGY REVIEW NO : 2
HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 26/01/2016
TITLE : BASIC HYDROLOGY AMENDMENT DATE : 26/01/2016

BASIC HYDROLOGY

1.0 OBJECTIVE
To identify the relationship between rainfall and runoff.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course, students should be able to apply the knowledge and skills they have learned
to:
● Understand the basic terms in hydrology.
● Understand the concept of watershed area
● Understand the factors which influence the runoff.

3.0 THEORY
Hydrology may be broadly defined as the study of the life cycle of water. Of particular importance in this
cycle is the section where rainfall occurs and results in streamflow, i.e. flow in a river or channel. The quantity
of water which becomes streamflow, for urban areas and agricultural lands, and in assessing how much
water may be extracted from a river for water supply or irrigation. Generally, that part of rainfall which results
in streamflow is referred as run-off, and the quantity of run off resulting from a given rainfall depends on a
number of factors. The initial wetness and permeability to the catchment play a major role. Rain falling on a
very dry, permeable catchment will tend to infiltrate the soil rather than move across the surface to the river,
and, conversely, rain striking a wet comparatively impermeable surface will result in a high proportion of run-
off. The intensity of the rainfall and slope of the catchment will also affect the quantity of run-off, the peak
flow in the river will be higher than if a slow response had occurred, with the run-off being more evenly
distributed with time.

Runoff is generated by rainstorms and its occurrence and quantity are dependent on the characteristics of
the rainfall event, i.e. intensity, duration and distribution. The rainfall-runoff process is extremely complex,
making it difficult to model accurately. There are, in addition, other important factors which influence the
runoff generating process like natural surface detention, soil infiltration characteristics and the drainage
pattern formed by natural flow paths. The soil type, vegetative cover and topography play as important roles.
Rainfall and runoff are very important hydrologic components because of their direct relations with water
resources quantity, flood, streamflow and design of dam and hydraulic structure.

4.0 EQUIPMENT
i) Hydrology Study System Apparatus
ii) Stop watch
5.0 PROCEDURE
1. Set up apparatus with sands to form model catchment.
2. Fill the sand tank with sand by opening the Perspex screen at the front and back
and placing the rod to support the Perspex screen. The sand tank is filled up to a
level just below water crest at each end.
3. Rotate the tilt mechanism to form a slope in the catchment area.
4. One of restrainer A in the downstream weir is removed to permit interflow.
5. Close valves V4, V5, V7 and V8.
6. Valves V6 and respective valves on each water nozzles are open to simulate
rainfall. V11 is open to allow water to reach weir.
7. Start pump and stopwatch simultaneously, adjust valves V2 and V1, (if necessary)
to get an even spray from sprinklers to 3LPM.
8. Observations are done and readings from flowrate, weir head readings and times
are taken at regular intervals.

Note: Measure the volumetric flowrate at regular time interval (eg: 10s) by opening
V24 and close V23. Initial weir head reading is taken when the water is level is the
same level with the weir head.

9. The rain spray is stop by shutting off the pump when the weir reading indicating
stable flow.
10. Readings of weir head are continued to be taken after rain spray simulation is stop
until the flow over the sharp edge weir approach zero or constant value.
11. The relationship of flow recorded over weir against time may now be plotted.
12. Repeat the experiment with different angle of catchment. (At least two angles of
catchment)
6.0 RESULT AND CALCULATIONS

Initial Head Above Weir:

Flowrate:
Time (min) Head above weir (cm) Volume (mL) Flow (LPM) Water Run-off (Liter)

7.0 QUESTIONS
1. Plot the discharge (unit m 3/s) versus time (second) graph separately from the above values for
each angles.
2. From the graph plotted, determine: (a) Time concentration (b) Rainfall duration, (c) Peak
discharge, (d) Runoff volume and (e) Storage volume.
3. Provide a table for all the comparisons with different angles of catchment.
4. Discuss the results.
5. Give a conclusion for this test
Prepared by: Nur Aini Mohd Arish Approved by: Prof Madya Dr Nor Haslina Hashim

Signature: Signature:

Date: 26 August 2017 Date: 26 August 2017