The Impacts of Modern Technology on Grade 12 students’

Academic Learning and Lifestyle in Naval State University

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Maria Rodiza S. Luchana

March 13, 2018

Ms. Jessa Batiquin

Senior High School

(Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics)
 The Impacts of Modern Technology on Grade 12 students’ Academic Learning and
Lifestyle in Naval State University

I. INTRODUCTION

Today, one of the hot issues in technology is about technological devices. Broadly speaking,
all cellular phones, laptop and computers belong to technological devices. There’s no denying
that this technological devices has become a significant part of students’ everyday lives. But the
question is, how are these devices affect the student’ learning? We are witnesses to sick on how
the students learning affects by technological devices. Until now we can read in the newspapers
about the good and the bad effects the technological devices may give to the learning of the
students.

Technology has always flourished for the gain of mankind. The major achievements of
technology have left man spell-bound and every part of the world today is enjoying the comforts
provided by technology. Thanks to technology, all the countries are interlinked and we are now
living in a global village. Modern technology has greatly improved people's lives through
different fields such as medicine, work, education and industry, especially education. However,
we cannot say that technology is all good in itself. It is a two-edged sword and we have to see to
what extent it has really helped improved people's standard of living. There are many possible
effects on using it. And it depends only on the way the users used it. They have to know how to
use it for their benefit and should not abuse its use. It should be properly used rather than rely on
it totally.

These problems inspired the researcher to conduct a study about technological devices. The
researcher focused on how students should interact to those technological devices in order to
attain learning with the help of it.

II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to know the impacts of modern educational devices in the academic learning
and lifestyle of Grade 12 students in Naval State University Campus. Specifically, it attempts to
answer the following questions.

1. What are the negative impacts of modern technology to the academic learning and
lifestyle of Grade 12 student?

2. What are the positive impacts of some modern technology to the academic learning and
lifestyle of Grade 12 student?

3. Is there a significant relationship between using modern technology and the academic
learning and lifestyle of Grade 12 students?
 III. STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

There is no significant relationship between using modern technology and the academic learning
and lifestyle of Grade 12 student.

IV. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is about the impacts of modern technology on the learning performance of Grade 12
student for this school year 2017 – 2018 in Naval State University (NSU campus). This will
benefit the Grade 12 student for they will be more aware on using modern technology to enhance
their learning performance and not to abuse of using it.

This study was also used for the sake of their task and responsibilities they may encounter in
their future when they are also raising their own family. Through this study modern technology
may gain insights on how to enhance the learner in using it. It may also be a great help to them in
improving their skills. Most the studies deal with modern technology in the school facilities. This
study also benefited the professors who also considered this study, for they will be more aware to
the importance of these technological devices to enhance their performance in teaching.

To the future generation of students in the field of Information Technology, motivate them how
to use modern technological devices to fully determined and reached their own skills and to
contribute to the world of Information Technology.

Lastly, to the future researcher, this paper will surely contribute to our rich bulk of literature and
body of knowledge. Future researchers especially those who will conduct study on the same or
similar framework will gain insights from the substance of this investigation.

V. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY

This study is limited on the impacts of educational devices in the academic learning and lifestyle
of Grade 12 students in NSU Campus. This study focuses only to 30 Grade 12 students of Naval
State University who are using modern technological devices, are the subject of the
investigation. Each student will be given same set of questionnaire.

This is also limited to the objectives of the study since the researcher only wanted to determine
the impacts of using modern technological devices to the academic learning and lifestyle of the
Grade 12 students. The attainment of this study is dependent to the answers of the respondents.
The respondents are composed of students in different strand, in Naval State University. The
study will be conducted in this school year 2017-2018. Any changes or progress in details and
updated information beyond the said point are not covered by the framework of this study.
 VI. DEFINITION OF TERMS

Listed below are terms taken from this thesis, which the researcher believe, have to be defined.
This is necessary to enable the future readers of this thesis to easily understand the contents of
this research.

Cellular phone refers to a mobile technology that allows you to communicate with others.

Computer refers to a device that helps student to do their school works and as for entertainment.

Laptop/Netbook/Notebook/Palmtop refers to portable computer devices that helps student, do

their school work and as for entertainment anywhere they want.

Multimedia refers to combined use of media, such as videos, movies, music, games,
presentation, print papers, and the Internet, as for education or entertainment. Also, it is
interactive.

Negative Effects of Technological Devices refers to the factors that the researcher believes,
technological devices degrade the learning performance of the students.

Positive Effects of Technological Devices refers to the factors that the researcher believes,
technological devices improves and enhance the learning performance of the students.

Technological device refers to any device that helps you to do school work as and as for
entertainment. It is technology that allows those tasks to be performed via cellular phone, PDA,
vehicles, laptops, and computer.
 VII. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This parts deal with the theories and concepts related to the study. According to Austin (2009),
he explains the bases of Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) is based on three
cognitive science principles of learning: the human information processing system includes dual
channels for visual/pictorial and auditory/verbal processing (i.e., dual-channels assumption);
each channel has limited capacity for processing (i.e., limited capacity assumption); and active
learning entails carrying out a coordinated set of cognitive processes during learning (for
example, active processing assumption). The cognitive theory of multimedia learning specifies
five cognitive processes in multimedia learning: selecting relevant words from the presented text
or narration, selecting relevant images from the presented illustrations, organizing the selected
words into a coherent verbal representation, organizing selected images into a coherent pictorial
representation, and integrating the pictorial and verbal representations and prior knowledge.
Mayer (2010), the three cognitive principles of learning, the CTML outlines seven factors of
multimedia design, multimedia principle (people learn better from words and pictures than from
words alone); spatial contiguity principle (people learn better when related words and pictures
are in close proximity); temporal contiguity principle (people learn better when related words
and pictures are close together in time); coherence principle (people learn better when irrelevant
words, pictures, and sounds are eliminated from the presentation); modality principle (people
learn better from narration and animation than from text and animation); redundancy principle
(people learn better from narration and animation compared to animation, narration, and text);
and individual differences principle (individuals with low prior content knowledge and
individuals with high spatial skills benefit most from animation and narration-presented), and
evaluated these principles based on transfer.

Based on Osman (2008) - Transfer Theory. The effect perspective: Positive vs. Negative transfer.
Given that the purpose of the current study focused on transfer, it is important to note how
transfer can elicit both positive as well as negative outcomes. Positive transfer is the primary
goal of education. What is learned in one context helps enhance learning in a different context. In
contrast, negative transfer is a type of error in learning where a previously learned context
interferes with the acquisition of an adaptive response to a new context that is similar to the first
(Cree & Macaulay, 2000). Negative interpretations prevent relevant skill knowledge from being
applied to practiced and unpracticed goals which leads to negative transfer, whereas positive
assessments will enable the transfer of relevant skilled knowledge to different goals.

VIII. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Modern
Technology
(computer, laptop
& cellphone)
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents a review of local and foreign literature and studies which have relevance to
study.

Foreign Literature

Technology aids student expression. Present what they have learned. They can use software to
make presentations and projects. This makes them more interested in the subject and leads to
better retention of information. With technological aids, they can make easy-to remember notes
and a creative presentation of the information they have acquired. It won't be wrong to say that
application of technology has made a student's life easy. It's easier for students to carry a PDA
than carrying big fat books to school. An iPad is less bulky than a pile of notebooks or an eBook
reader much lighter than a book. (Andersen and Becker, 2009)

Due to the rapid expansiveness of technology and its wide array of uses, the incorporation of
technology in learning has become a viable and inexpensive option. Almost three-quarters of
Americans, 73% believe that investing in innovation and advanced technology sciences in
education is the key to the country’s long-term success (Harris Interactive, 2009). Based on
Freeman Dyson, 2008 he stated that ―Technology is a teaching aid: Computers offer an
interactive audio-visual medium. PowerPoint presentations and animation software can be used
to present information in an interactive way. Owing to the audio-visual effects, this way of
teaching invites greater interest from students. The method is equally helpful for teachers.
Projectors and screens facilitate simultaneous.

Viewing of information by a large number of students. Addressing systems using microphones

and speakers make it possible for teachers to reach a larger number of students simultaneously.
These teaching aids have led to improvements in student attendance and their attentiveness in
class. Interactive media have proven to be useful in increasing students' concentration levels.‖ It
only means that through using those technological devices the students may improve their
learning performance. Technology has revolutionized the field of education. The importance of
technology in schools cannot be ignored. In fact, with the onset of computers in education, it has
become easier for teachers to impart knowledge and for students to acquire it. The use of
technology has made the process of teaching and learning enjoyable. (Muir-Herzig, 2008)

E-Reader devices like the iPad are in demand in our current society. The ability to gather textual
information with a single touch on a screen makes e-reader devices highly valued. The pad has
the advantages of the book without its drawbacks— the bulk, the limitations on how much text
can be made to fit into a single volume, and the problem that annotating a paper book means, in
some ways, ruining it (Ragen, 2008). However, it is important to realize that failure to present
multimedia technology in an appropriate form can lead to negative results. The perception of
display on a multimedia application is of significant importance in terms of transfer learning. In
fact, too much multimedia stimulation can interfere with the deeper cognitive processing that is
critical to learning (Mayer, Griffith, Jurkowitz, & Rothman, 2008).
According to them technological devices may affect the learning performance of the student in
negative result if they failed to use properly those devices in a right way. Guide for Designing
Interactive Teaching for the World guide Web the Internet used to exchange Information in
hyper formats and a dynamic electronic network that permits computers connected anywhere on
that network to exchange information. It is different from World Wide Web, but for the project,
we will use them synonym and hypermedia-based instructional program which utilizes the
attributes of resources to create a meaningful learning environment where learning is fostered
and supported. (David W. Brooks, 2007) As what Brooks explained, he simply says that through
the use of technological devices the learning performance of the students may affect through
interactive teaching for the world guide web.

Most of our youth and students today are found of going into internet shop to use computer,
without knowledge of their knowledge of their parents what they are up to you. They will ask
money from their parents telling that they have something to search in the internet for their
project or assignments, although others do so, but there are some who just make it as an alibi so
that they can competent skills with their peers through playing games online like for example
war craft, battle realms, etc‖. (Khan, 2007)

Foreign Studies
In the field of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), the term ―Net Gerneration‖ has
been clearly defined by Prensky (2010) who states that Net Generation members are ―digital
natives‖ since they ―spent their entire lives surrounded by and using computers, videogames,
digital music players, video cams, cell phones, and all the other toys and tools of the digital age‖
which make them different from the baby boomer generation.

Those who are eager to learn more about the language learning needs and necessities of the Net
Generation, the edited book by Oxford and Oxford (2009), entitled Net Generation is a must-read
resource. The book describes empirical studies involving different innovative technologies and
state-of-the-art tools, offering pedagogical ideas , effective strategies, and useful suggestions on
how these technologies could be applied to enhance language teaching and learning. Also,
educational technology usage in practice teaching can make instruction to be much more
interesting and enjoyable. The changing images and use of special effects, among others can
reduce boredom on the part of learners. Furthermore, classroom interaction can be interactive.
Technology can promote student-student interaction, student-teacher interaction, and teacher-
student interaction, if pre- instructional planning incorporates principles such as stimulus
variation, feedback, reinforcement, learner’ participation and so on. (Weiner, 2009).

It's easier to store information: Computers enable better and more robust storage of information.
Compact memory devices have replaced notebooks and a keyboard and computer mouse are the
new writing devices. What may have required hundred pages of a book can be compacted into a
tiny memory chip. It can take hours to write, but it takes only seconds to type. Storing data has
become much easier, owing to technology. (Parsad and Jones, 2008) Information is easily
accessible: The Internet is a huge information base. It can be used an effective tool for acquiring
knowledge. All a web user needs to do is to key in queries to search engines. Users are presented
with thousands of search results. There are several websites and web directories that offer
information on literally everything in the world. And all this is just a few clicks away. Both
teachers and students can benefit from this.
Technology has eliminated space and time constraints: Online education and distance learning have given
a new dimension to education and higher learning. Even if students are geographically far away from each
other, they can be a part of one classroom. Though not physically but virtually, they can. Many educational
institutes offer online courses, which eliminates time and space constraints in acquiring education.
Universities offer online educational programs wherein students can interact with their teachers over the
Internet, access reference material from the University website and earn degrees online. (Trotter, 2008)

Local Literature

Technology also saves teaching time as they require shorttime to present large information. They can be
used to reveal needs and stimulate students’ question. Thus learners’ interest can be aroused, maintained,
and stimulated to promote their imaginative power. On the whole, media ensure the application of
classroom-oriented communication techniques. Therefore, learners should be assisted, encouraged and
motivated not only to learn, but also to continue to learn. (Demegilio, 2009) Based on Demeligio he only
means that technology is a factor to the learning of the student, not only to learn but also to renew
something to learn.
On the Journal of Athens Academy pp-66, 2009 refers that educational technology can make student study
more interesting and enjoyable. The changing images and use of special effects, among others, can reduce
boredom on the part of learners. Furthermore, classroom interaction can be interactive. Technology can
also promote student- student interaction, student-teacher interaction, and teacher –student interaction, if
pre-instructional planning incorporates principles such as stimulus variation, feedback, reinforcement, and
learner’ participation.

Local Studies

According to Ryan T. Gertner in 2011, on his study about ―The impacts of multimedia technology on
learning‖ he concludes that multimedia gives light on some possible effects of it to the learning of students.
This means that modern technological devices may affect the academic learning and lifestyle of a student.
The recent increase in use of digital devices such as laptop computers, iPads, and web-enabled cell
phones has generated concern about how technologies affect student academic learning and lifestyle.
Combining observation, survey, and interview data, this research assesses the impacts of technology use
on student lifestyle and learning. Data were gathered in eight introductory science courses at a major
university.

Results show a significant negative correlation between in-class phone use and final grades, with use of
cell phones corresponding to a drop of negative correlation between in-class phone use and final grades,
with use of cell phones corresponding to a drop of 0.36 ± 0.08 on a 4-point scale where 4.0 = A. These
findings are consistent with research (Ophir, Nass, and Wagner 2009, Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 106, 15583) suggesting students cannot multitask nearly as effectively as they think
they can. negative correlation between in-class phone use and final grades, with use of cell phones
corresponding to a drop of 0.36 ± 0.08 on a 4-point scale where 4.0 = A. These findings are consistent with
research (Ophir, Nass, and Wagner 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 15583)
suggesting students cannot multitask nearly as effectively as they think they can. While 75% of students
reported regular cell phone use, observation suggests undergraduates typically underreport the frequency
of their in-class use of digital devices. (The American Astronomical Society, 2012).

One important reason for this shortfall is that not enough dialogue to enable reflective adaptation takes
place between those attempting to implement exemplary practice and the original innovators. The Center
for Learning Technologies in Urban Schools is developing a ―Living Curriculum‖ collaborative relationship
between developers and teachers, initially through face-to-face interaction, but increasingly through new
interactive media and the formation of virtual communities for innovation. This evolution into knowledge
networking is crucial for the widespread scaling-up of best practices. Gomez (2010) On-line Learning is one
of the newest terms used frequently and is defined as a ―delivery of learning through the use of
information communication technology via the internet where learners and instructors are physically
separated‖ (Chongwony, 2010).

It realized that most the definitions refer to a situation in which the teacher and the learner are separated
and instructional materials are conveyed through telecommunication systems. It can also be elicited that
the learner has the flexibility of adjusting herself/himself to the schedule and physical location of classes. In
this article, ―distance education‖ is the terminology chosen to be used. (Rosal, 2009) The important
distinctions between media as symbol systems and technologies as tools or vehicles for sharing media will
be used throughout this report. However, many, if not most, of the research and evaluation studies that are
cited in this report are not informed by this distinction, an inconsistency that is frustrating, but inevitable.
Even people who prepare dictionaries are uncomfortable with the term "media." Salomon’s (2009).

Bringing the electronic media into the schools could capitalize on the strong motivation qualities that these
media have for children. Many children who are turned off by school are not turned off by one or another of
the electronic media; quite the opposite. An educational system that capitalized on this motivation would
have a chance of much greater success. Each medium has its own profile of cognitive advantages and
disadvantages, and each medium can be used to enhance the impact of others. (Chaves, 2008).

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this part the researcher discussed the methods used and the procedure applied to obtain the
data needed in this study.

Research Method

The method used by the researcher in this study is the descriptive survey. A descriptive research
involves description, analysis and interpretation of conditions that now exist. If often involves
the comparison and contrast and attempted to discover the cause and effect relationship that exist
in the study.

The descriptive survey estimated the extent to which different variables are located to each other.
The distinguishing characteristics are the effort to estimate the relationship or distinguished from
sample description. Descriptive research describes the nature of the situation as it exists at the
time of the study and explores the cause of the particular phenomenon. The descriptive method
was used to achieve the goal of this study. This method seeks to describe the present existing
conditions, which in this research are the impacts of modern technology to the academic learning
and lifestyle of Grade 12 students. In addition, it also seeks to answer questions to real facts
relating to existing condition.

Research Design

The subjects of the study are, the students of Naval State University, school year 2017-2018.
They were all from Grade 12 levels consisting of thirty (30) students. The researchers used the
unrestricted random sampling under scientific design. This is the best random sampling design
due to no restrictions imposed; each member in the population is given an equal chance of being
included in the sample.