Biology Question Bank

UNIT- VII

Chapter- Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Part 1
1. Who isolated nucleic acid first and in which year? From where it isolated and what
was it named? 2
2. Differentiate between DNA and RNA. 2
3. Differentiate digramatically the structure the DNA and RNA. 2
4. Describe the DNA structure with the help of a diagram. 2
5. What is Central Dogma? 1
6. Explain reverse transcription. 2
7. What is Chargaff’s rule? 1
8. In prokaryotes there is no well defined nucleus, still the DNA is not scattered why?
1
9. What are histones? 1
10. Explain the structure of a nucleosome with a diagram. 3
11. Calculate the number of nucleosomes in the DNA of a typical mammalian cell.1
12. Who gave the transforming principle? How did he prove it? 2
13. What are NHC? Differentiate between euchromatin and heterochromatin. 3
14. Who gave the biochemical nature of DNA in Griffith’s experiment and in which
year? How did they prove it? 3
15. To be a stable genetic material what are the criteria that a molecule should fulfill.2
16. What is transformation? 1
17. Name the experiment conducted by Harshey and chase. What where the
organisms used in the experiment. What was the result of their experiment? 3
18. Briefly describe Watson and Crick model of DNA. 2
19. What is semi-conservative mode of replication? Briefly describe DNA replication.3
20. How does unwinding of DNA helix occur during its replication? 2
21. How do prove reading and repair mechanisms ensure correct replication of DNA?
3
22. What is transcription? 1
23. What are template and coding strands in DNA? 2
24. Describe the process of transcription. 3
25. Differentiate between the leading strand and the lagging strand. 2
26. What is genetic code? 1
27. What are the characteristics of the genetic code? 2
28. What is translation? 1
29. How does elongation of polypeptide occur during translation? 2
30. How does termination of a polypeptide chain occur during translation? 2
31. How do mutations affect protein structure and function? 2
32. How are disorders like Sickle cell Anaemia and Thalassemia caused? 3
33. What is meant by gene regulation? 1
34. What is an inducible operon system? 1
35. What is an repressible operon system? 1
36. What is operon concept of gene regulation? 1
37. Differentiate between induction and repression in an operon. 2
38. Describe the structural components of a lac operon. 2
39. Briefly describe the gene expression in eukaryotes. 2
40. What is meant by HGP? 1
41. What are the goals of HGP? 2
42. What are the salient features of HGP? 2
43. What are the applications and future challenges of HGP? 2
44. What is DNA fingerprinting? What is the basis of this technique? 2
45. Name the RNA that carries the information about the sequence of amino acids in
a polypeptide. 1
46. What is the site of protein synthesis? 1
47. What is a codon? 1
48. What is an anticodon? 1
49. How many bases code for one amino acid? 1
50. Name the enzyme that joins the short pieces in the lagging strand of DNA during
replication. 1
51. Name the amino acids which have only one codon each. 1
52. Of the 64 possible code triplets, how many code for amino acids and how many
for stop signals? 2
53. Name the enzyme that can break and reseal one strand of DNA. 1
54. Name the enzymes that catalyse:
I) Replication of DNA
II) Formation of RNA
III) joining of okazaki segments 3
55. Name the three non sense codons. 3
56. What is the function of tRNA? 2
57. Which molecule bears codons and which molecule bears antocodons? 2
58. Give the two terms used to describe the base triplets on the RNA molecule. 1
59. If one strand of double stranded DNA has the following sequence
5’…..ACC ATT CG……3’
What will be the sequence of the opposite strand in its 5’ to 3’ direction? 1
60. What is meant by polycistronic mRNA? 1