Turkmen 200 Hour Familiarization Course

Turkmen 200 Hour
Familiarization Course
Developed for United States Special Operations Command

Special Operations Forces Language Office
By I Corps Foreign Language Training Center
VALIDATION COPY 1.0 JUNE 2007

Turkmen Familiarization Course
Table of Contents
Introduction Introduction 1
Lesson 1 People and Geography 15
Lesson 2 Living and Working 33
Lesson 3 Days of the Week, Ages of People 46
Lesson 4 Daily Activities 59
Lesson 5 Meeting the Family 78
Lesson 6 Around Town 92
Lesson 7 Shopping 104
Lesson 8 Eating Out 121
Lesson 9 Holidays, Customs, and Cultural Traditions 134
Lesson 10 Around the House 150
Lesson 11 Weather and Seasons 163
Lesson 12 Personal Appearance 178
Lesson 13 Transportation 194
Lesson 14 Travel 208
Lesson 15 At School 225
Lesson 16 Recreation and Leisure 240
Lesson 17 Health and the Human Body 255
Lesson 18 Political and International Events 270
Lesson 19 The Military 286
Lesson 20 In the Hospital 302
Developed for United States Special Operations Command

Special Operations Forces Language Office
By I Corps Foreign Language Training Center
VALIDATION COPY 1.0 JUNE 2007

INTRODUCTION validation copy 1.0 june 2007
TO
TURKMENISTAN
Flag of Turkmenistan
Map of Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan (also known as Turkmenia or Turkmania) is a country in Central Asia.

The name Turkmenistan is derived from Persian, meaning "land of the Turkmen." Before
1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, called the Turkmen Soviet
Socialist Republic. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the southwest,
Uzbekistan to the northeast, Kazakhstan to the northwest, and the Caspian Sea to the
west. Although the country is wealthy in natural resources in certain areas, most of it is
covered by the Kara-Kum (Black Sands) Desert.
Turkmenistan, a desert nation, has the second lowest population density (after
Kazakhstan) in former Soviet Central Asia. Nomadic herdsmen for centuries, Turkmen
were subdued by Russia during the late 19th century, gaining independence in 1991.
Begun in the 1950s, the Garagum Canal, one of the world's longest, drained water away
from the Amu Darya River to southern Turkmenistan, but the old canal leaks and creates
salt deserts. Comparatively Turkmenistan is slightly larger than California.
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Geography:
The country is approximately 488,100 square kilometers (188,457 sq. mi.). Ninety
percent of the country is covered by the Karakum Desert. The center of country is
dominated by the Turan Depression and the Karakum Desert, which are mostly flatlands.
The Kopet Dag Range, along the southwestern border, reaches 2,912 meters (9,553 ft).
The Turkmen Balkan Mountains in the far west and the Kugitang Range in the Far East
are the only other appreciable elevations. Rivers include the Amu Darya, Murgap, and the
Hari Rud.
Turkmenistan is mostly a flat to rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the
south, and low mountains along the border with Iran. The most significant geographic
feature is the Kara-Kum Desert. One of the world's largest deserts, it covers 350,000
square kilometers, or 80% of the country's total land area. The Repetek Sandy Desert
Biosphere Reserve near Charjew (Turkmenabad), which was set up in 1928, monitors the
unique desert flora and fauna found in the Kara-Kum.
The Kopet Dag Mountain Range, to the south, forms a 2,000-meter-high natural border
between Iran and Turkmenistan. The stark slopes are home to a number of endangered
species, including leopards and mountain sheep. Most of the mountains are inaccessible,
as they fall within restricted border areas.
CLIMATE:
The climate of Turkmenistan is sharply continental, with the exception of the inshore
zone of the Caspian Sea and the mountains. The coolest month is January with the
average temperature from - 6oC, in the northeast of Turkmenistan, to + 4oC in the
southeast and + 5oC in the west. The average temperature of the hottest month (July) is
27 to 30oC. The absolute maximum reaches 48-50oC in Central and south-east Kara-
Kum, being a little diminished in the north of Turkmenistan, at the coast of the Caspian
Sea and in mountain areas.
Precipitation in the inhabited regions averages 19 centimeters per year. Most of this falls
between December and April. As you would expect in a desert climate, it does get very
hot. In June, July, and August it is often uncomfortable to be outside during the day, as
the temperatures consistently exceed 40°C (over 100°F), although with very low
humidity. At times, in August, the "Afghan Winds" come from the east, and the
temperature can soar into the high 40s. However, by late September the temperatures
cool, and pleasant, autumn-like weather prevails.
The winter, which begins in late November, can be chilly, wet, and muddy, with
temperatures between 0°C and 15°C in the daytime, with occasional light snow.
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POPULATION:
In July 2000, the population was estimated at 4,518,268, with a growth rate of 1.87% and
a life expectancy of approximately 61 years. Turkmenistan has high literacy rates; as of
1989, 99% percent of the male population, and 97% of the female population is literate.
The education system is currently undergoing major changes, the most significant being a
reduction in the number of years a student spends in formal education. Although
Turkmen is the official language, there is a dual primary and secondary school system:
Some schools teach in Turkmen, some in Russian, and some in a combination of the two
languages. As of January 2001, education in the Turkmen-language school system is
compulsory through grade 9, and in the Russian-language system, through grade 10 (both
equivalent, in theory at least, to a secondary education in the U.S.). Foreign language
(English, Turkish, etc.) is generally taught in specialized "magnet" schools.
There are a number of scientific and technical institutions and training institutes in
Ashgabat that offer degrees in cultural studies, business, economics, foreign languages,
etc.
GOVERNMENT:
Government type: presidential republic

Capital: Ashgabat
Administrative divisions: 5 welayatlar (singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat),
Balkan Welayaty (Nebitdag), Dashhowuz Welayaty (formerly Tashauz), Lebap Welayaty
(Charjew), Mary Welayaty.
Note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers
(exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Independence: 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
National holiday: Independence Day, 27 October (1991)
Constitution: adopted 18 May 1992
Legal system: based on civil law system
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Chief of State and Head of Government: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of
Ministers Saparmurat Niyazov (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential
election occurred); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government.
Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president.
Note: Niyazov's term in office was extended indefinitely on 28 December 1999 by the
Assembly (Majlis) during a session of the People's Council (Halk Maslahaty).
Elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21
June 1992 (next scheduled to be held NA); note - President Niyazov was unanimously
approved as president for life by the Assembly on 28 December 1999); deputy chairmen
of the cabinet of ministers are appointed by the president.
Election results: Saparmurat Niyazov elected president without opposition; percent of
vote - Saparmurat Niyazov 99.5%.
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Legislative branch:
Under the 1992 constitution, there are two parliamentary bodies, a unicameral People's
Council or Halk Maslahaty (more than 2000 seats, some of which are elected by popular
vote and some of which are appointed; meets infrequently) and a unicameral Assembly or
Majlis (50 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms).
Elections: People's Council - NA; Assembly - last held 12 December 1999 (next to be
held NA 2004)
Election results: Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; note - all
50 elected officials preapproved by President Niyazov; most are from the DPT
Judicial branch:
The court system in Turkmenistan has not been reformed since Soviet days. It consists of
a supreme court, regional courts (including one solely for the capital city of Ashgabat),
and, at the lowest level, 61 district and city courts. There are also military courts to
handle crimes involving military discipline, criminal cases concerning military personnel,
and crimes by civilians against military personnel; and a supreme economic court, which
hears cases involving disputes between state economic enterprises and ministries. The
President appoints all judges for a term of 5 years without legislative review, except for
the chairman (chief justice) of the Supreme Court, and he has the sole authority to
remove them from the bench before the completion of their terms.
Political parties and leaders:
Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or Formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial,

small opposition movements exist underground or in foreign countries
History:
The territory of Turkmenistan has a long and checkered history, as armies from one
empire to another decamped on their way to more prosperous territories. Alexander the
Great conquered the territory in the 4th century B.C. on his way to India. One hundred
and fifty years later Persia's Parthian Kingdom established its capital in Nisa, an area now
located in the suburbs of the modern-day capital of Ashgabat. In the 7th century A.D.
Arabs conquered this region, bringing with them Islam and incorporating the Turkmen
into Middle Eastern culture. It was around this time that the famous Silk Road was
established as a major trading route between Asia and Europe. The Turkmenistan region
soon came to be known as the capital of Greater Khorasan when the caliph Al-Ma'mun
moved his capital to Merv.
In the middle of the 11th century, the powerful Turks of the Seljuk Empire concentrated
their strength in the territory of Turkmenistan in an attempt to expand into Afghanistan.
The empire broke down in the second half of the 12th century, and the Turkmen lost their
independence when Chengis Khan took control of the eastern Caspian Sea region on his
march west. For the next seven centuries, the Turkmen people lived under various
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empires and fought constant intertribal wars. Little is documented of Turkmen history
prior to Russian engagement; however from the 13th through 16th centuries, Turkmen
formed a distinct ethnolinguistic group. As the Turkmen migrated from the area around
the Mangishlak peninsula in contemporary Kazakhstan toward the Iranian border region
and Amu Darya river basin, tribal Turkmen society further developed cultural traditions
that would become the foundation of Turkmen national consciousness.
Between the 17th and 19th centuries control of Turkmenistan was fought over by Persian
shahs, Khivan khans, the emirs of Bukhara, and the rulers of Afghanistan. By this time,
the region of Turkmenistan as well of the rest of the area inbetween the Persian-Afghan-
Indian and Russian borders was unmapped and virtually unknown to Europe and the
Western world. Rivalry for control of the area between the British Empire and Tsarist
Russia led to the establishment of The Great Game. Throughout their conquest of Central
Asia, the Russians were met with the stiffest resistance by the Turkmen. By 1894,
however Russia had gained control of Turkmenistan and incorporated it into its empire.
The rivalry officially concluded with the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907. Slowly,
Russian and European cultures were introduced to the area. This was evident in the
architecture of the newly-formed city of Ashgabat which was to be the country's capital.
The October Revolution of 1917 in Russia and subsequent political unrest led to the
declaration of the Turkmen Republic as one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union in
1924. At this time the modern borders of Turkmenistan were formed. As a Soviet
republic, Turkmenistan went through a process of further Europeanisation. The tribal
Turkmen people were encouraged to become secular and adopt western-style clothing.
The Turkmen alphabet was changed from the traditional Arabic script to Latin and finally
to Cyrillic. However, bringing the Turkmens to abandon their previous nomadic ways in
favor of communism was not fully embraced until as late as 1948. Nationalist
organizations in the region also existed during the 1920s and the 1930s.
When the Soviet Union began to collapse, Turkmenistan and the rest of the Central Asian
states heavily favored maintaining a reformed version of the state, mainly because they
needed the economic power and common markets of the Soviet Union to prosper.
However, in 1991 the Soviet Union split and Turkmenistan was one of the last countries
to declare its independence.
Turkmenistan formally declared its independence from the U.S.S.R. on October 27, 1991.
It became an independent state when the Soviet Union disbanded on December 25, 1991.
President Niyazov, who was elected (uncontested) on October 27, 1990, was previously
Chairman of Turkmenistan's Supreme Soviet and First Secretary of the Central
Committee of the Republic's Communist Party. He won reelection for a 5-year term in
June 1992. In January 1994, a referendum was held that ensured that President Niyazov
will remain in office until June 2002. A recent announcement extended this date to 2010.
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FOREIGN RELATIONS:
Turkmenistan's declaration of "permanent neutrality" was formally recognized by the

United Nations in 1995. Although the Government of Turkmenistan claims to favor trade
with and export to the United States and Turkey, it has significant commercial
relationships with Russia and Iran and a growing cross-border trade with Afghanistan.
Turkmenistan has agreements with the World Bank, the European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development, the Asian Development Bank, and the Islamic
Development Bank. Among U.S. institutions, Turkmenistan has agreements with the
Export-Import Bank, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, and the Trade and
Development Agency.
Economy:
Turkmenistan is a largely desert country with intensive agriculture in irrigated oases and
large gas and oil resources. One-half of its irrigated land is planted in cotton; formerly it
was the world's tenth-largest producer. At the same time, however, total exports rose by
20% to 30% per year in 2003-2005, largely because of higher international oil and gas
prices. In 2005, Ashgabat sought to raise natural gas export prices to its main customers,
Russia and Ukraine, from $44 per thousand cubic meters (tcm) to $66 per tcm and in
2006 to &100 per tcm.
Turkmenistan is rich in natural resources, including natural gas, oil, iodine-bromine,
sodium sulfate, salts, sulfur, potassium, gold, platinum, molybdenum, and coal.
Turkmenistan's major exports are cotton, gas, oil and refined oil products, food products,
chemical raw materials, and manufactured products such as carpets, textiles, leathers, and
furs. Major imports are machinery, agricultural and industrial equipment and vehicles,
metals, chemicals, synthetic rubber, raw materials and processed products (nonfood),
timber, paper, small manufactured goods and food products, raw material for food
flavoring, and sugar. The country's major trading partners are Russia, Kazakhstan,
Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Turkey, and Iran.
Natural gas was first discovered here in the 1960s. Turkmenistan has large gas and oil
reserves. These hydrocarbon reserves promise to provide hard currency earnings in the
future and mining for precious metals and other minerals also holds potential.
Agriculture accounts for 10% of GDP and about 40% of total employment.
Turkmenistan is among the top 10 cotton producers in the world, and cotton provides
17% of GDP. Other important products include grains, vegetables, fruit, and livestock.
Livestock accounted for nearly one-fourth of total gross agricultural production in 1992.
Inefficiencies exist in processing agricultural goods: only 8% of fruit and vegetables and
4% of cotton are processed, and much produce spoils, because processing plants are
located too far from the farms. The Government is strongly promoting investment in
cotton processing, with a goal of raising the percentage of the cotton processed locally to
15% of GDP.
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Religion:
There is no state religion, but about 89% of the population is Muslim, primarily Sunni,
with strong elements of local shamanism and Sufi mysticism included in its practices.
As of 2002, the only two religions that were officially registered were Sunni Islam and
Russian Orthodox Christianity.
Ethnic Turkmen, Uzbeks, and Kazakhs are nominally Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Russians,
who account for about 7% of the population, are largely members of the Russian
Orthodox Church. There are small communities of Roman Catholics, Pentecostal
Christians, Seventh-Day Adventists, Baptists, Hare Krishnas, Lutherans, and Jews;
however, none of these faiths are legally able to maintain churches.
Ethnic Groups:
There are over 100 distinct ethnic groups living in Turkmenistan. According to the 1995
census, 77% of the population consisted of ethnic Turkmens. That year, Uzbeks
accounted for 9.2% of the population; Russians, 6.7%; Kazakhs, 2%; Ukrainians, 0.5%;
and Armenians, Azeris, Tatars, and Beluji, 0.8%. Other groups present include
Belarusans, Germans, Jews, Georgians, Moldovans, Uighurs, and Koreans. Like the
Turkmens, the Uzbeks, Kazakhs, and Azeris are Turkic-speaking peoples.
Culture and society:
The Turkmen were mainly a nomadic people for most of their history and they were not
settled in cities and towns until the advent of the Soviet system of government, which
severely restricted freedom of movement and collectivized nomadic herdsmen by the
1930s. Many pre-Soviet cultural traits have survived in Turkmen society however and
have recently undergone a kind of revival.
Turkmen lifestyle was heavily invested in horsemanship and as a prominent horse

culture; Turkmen horse-breeding was an ages old tradition. In spite of changes prompted
by the Soviet period, a tribe in southern Turkmenistan has remained very well known for
their horses, the Akhal-Teke desert horse; and the horse breeding tradition has returned to
its previous prominence in recent years.
Many tribal customs still survive among modern Turkmen. Unique to Turkmen culture is
galyng which is a groom's "dowry," that can be quite expensive and often results in the
widely practiced tradition of bridal kidnapping. Other customs include the consultation of
tribal elders, whose advice is often eagerly sought and respected. Many Turkmen still live
in extended families where various generations can be found under the same roof,
especially in rural areas.
The music of the nomadic and rural Turkmen people reflects rich oral traditions, where
epics such as Korogly usually sung by itinerant bards. These itinerant singers are called
bakshy; they also act as healers and magicians and sing either a cappella or with
instruments such as the two-stringed lute called dutar.
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Society today
Since Turkmenistan's independence in 1991, a cultural revival has taken place with the
return of a moderate form of Islam and celebration of Novruz (a Turko-Iranian tradition)
or New Year's Day.
Turkmen can be divided into various social classes including the urban intelligensia and
workers whose role in society is different from that of the rural peasantry. Secularism and
atheism remain prominent for many Turkmen intellectuals who favor moderate social
changes and often view extreme religiosity and cultural revival with some measure of
distrust.
Self-proclaimed President for Life, Saparmurat Niyazov, has been largely responsible for
many of the changes that have taken place in modern Turkmen society. The calendar
reform resulted in renaming months and days of the week from Persian or European-
derived words into purely Turkmen ones.
Social Conventions: Lipioshka (bread) should never be laid upside down, and it is normal
to remove shoes, but not socks, when entering someone's house. Shorts are rarely seen in
Turkmenistan and, worn by females, are likely to provoke unwelcome attention from the
local male population.
FAMILY:
Prior to Soviet rule, the extended family was the basic and most important social and
economic unit among the Turkmen. Grouped according to clan, small bands of Turkmen
families lived as nomads in their traditional regions and consolidated only in time of war
or celebration. In most cases, the families were entirely self-sufficient, subsisting on their
livestock and at times on modest agricultural production. For some groups, raiding
sedentary populations, especially the Iranians to the south, was an important economic
activity.
Although Soviet power brought about fundamental changes in the Turkmen family
structure, many traditional aspects remain. Families continue to be close-knit and often
raise more than five children. Although no longer nomadic, families in rural areas still are
grouped according to clan or tribe, and it is the rule rather than the exception for the
inhabitants of a village to be of one lineage. Here, also, it is common for sons to remain
with their parents after marriage and to live in an extended one-story clay structure with a
courtyard and an agricultural plot. In both rural and urban areas, respect for elders is
great. Whereas homes for the elderly do exist in Turkmenistan, Turkmen are
conspicuously absent from them; it is almost unheard of for a Turkmen to commit his or
her parent to such an institution because grandparents are considered integral family
members and sources of wisdom and spirituality.
The marriage celebration, together with other life-cycle events, possesses great
importance in Turkmen society. In rural areas especially, marriages are often arranged by
special matchmakers (sawcholar). Aside from finding the right match in terms of social
8
status, education, and other qualities, the matchmakers invariably must find couples of
the same clan and locale. Most couples have known each other beforehand and freely
consent to the marriage arrangement. Divorce among Turkmen is relatively rare. One
important custom still practiced in Turkmenistan is the brideprice (galyng). Depending on
region and a family's wealth, the bride's family may demand huge sums of money from
the groom in return for the bride's hand in marriage.
The role of women in Turkmen society has never conformed to Western stereotypes
about "Muslim women." Although a division of labor has existed and women usually
were not visible actors in political affairs outside the home, Turkmen women never wore
the veil or practiced strict seclusion. They generally possessed a host of highly
specialized skills and crafts, especially those connected with the household and its
maintenance. During the Soviet period, women assumed responsibility for the observance
of some Muslim rites to protect their husbands' careers. Many women entered the work
force out of economic necessity, a factor that disrupted some traditional family practices
and increased the incidence of divorce. At the same time, educated urban women entered
professional services and careers.
Domestic law guarantees women the right to participate in political life. However, in
practice, the right to participate in political life in Turkmenistan and the actual
participation of some women in government has a limited impact on decision-making
processes. The activities of unregistered nongovernmental organizations have been
severely curtailed in recent years, leaving few NGOs able to function independently of
the government. The Union of Women-Gurbansultan-Eje, the only women’s “NGO”
highlighted in the government report, has strong ties to the government.
FOODS:
Food & Drink: Turkmen food is similar to that of the rest of Central Asia. There are a
number of good Western-standard restaurants in Ashgabat, although they rarely have an
extensive menu. Plov - pronounced 'plof' - is the staple food for everyday (but is also
served at celebrations) and consists of chunks of mutton, shredded yellow turnip and rice
fried in a large wok. Shashlyk (skewered chunks of mutton grilled over charcoal - kebabs
- which come with raw sliced onions) and lipioshka (rounds of unleavened bread) are
served in restaurants and are often sold in the street, but the quality can be variable.
Manty are larger noodle dumplings filled with meat. Chorba is a meat and vegetable
soup. There are, however, a number of dishes that are particularly characteristic of
Turkmenistan: ka'urma is mutton deep-fried in its own fat and chopan chorba is mutton
fat dissolved in green tea. Ishlekli are dough balls filled with meat and onion which are
traditionally cooked in sand that has been heated by a fire. On the shores of the Caspian
Sea, seafood is often substituted for mutton in traditional dishes such as plov. In the west
of Turkmenistan, there is a speciality in which mutton is roasted in a clay oven fired with
aromatic woods.
In general, hotel food shows strong Russian influence: borch is cabbage soup, entrecôte is
a well-done steak, cutlet are grilled meat balls, and strogan is the local equivalent of beef
Stroganoff. Pelmeni, originating in Ukraine, are small boiled dumplings of meat and
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vegetables similar to ravioli, sometimes served in a vegetable soup. Green tea is very
popular and can be obtained almost anywhere. Beer, wine, vodka, brandy and sparkling
wine (shampanski) are all widely available in restaurants. Kefir, a thick drinking yoghurt,
is often served with breakfast.
Turkmen Carpets:
It is not exaggeration to say that Turkmen carpets have been always considered the best.
In ancient times pure woolen Parthian carpets were highly valued. They were brought to
the world markets by the Great Silk Road, which ran through the territory of modern
Turkmenistan. During archeological excavations, fragments of the carpets made about
2000 years ago were discovered. The medieval Venetian merchant, Marko Polo,
rapturously wrote that Turkmen carpets were the thinnest and the most beautiful. This
quality is what presently made Turkmen carpets are still famous for. It is enough to say
that they are in great demand in more than 50 countries. Recognized as a unique work of
art there is the carpet called Turkmen Kalby made by Turkmen carpet-makers. Its size is
193 square meters.
Besides carpets, since time immemorial Turkmen carpet-makers have made different
articles of carpet material. Those are "chuval" for storing clothes and household utensils,
bags of different size and purpose called "torba", for example, "gazan torba" for caldrons,
"chanak torba" for wooden tableware and kitchen utensils, "chemchi torba" or "duz
torba" for salt, traveler's bag "hurdjun" to be fixed to saddles of horsemen, and door-
curtains called "gapylyk." Articles made of carpet materials decorated graceful Turkmen
horses and camels during holiday rides. Those were horse-cloth "at-haly," saddle carpet
"aerlik" camel's attire for wedding rides.
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Language:
Turkmen (Latin script: Türkmen, Cyrillic: Түркмен, ISO 639-1: tk, ISO 639-2: tuk) is
the name of the national language of Turkmenistan. It is spoken by approximately
3,430,000 people in Turkmenistan, and by an additional approximately 3,000,000 people
in other countries, including Iran (2,000,000), Afghanistan (500,000), and Turkey
(1,000). They speak the Turkmen language which is classified as part of the Western
Oghuz branch of Turkic languages family together with Turkish, Azerbaijani, and
Turkoman spoken in Iraq. Up to 50% of speakers in Turkmenistan also claim a good
knowledge of Russian.
The Spoken Language:

Turkmen belongs to the family of Turkic languages spoken in Eastern Europe (Tatar,
Bashkir, Chuvash), the Caucasus (Azeri, Kumik), Siberia (Yakut, Tuva, Khakas), China
(Uygur, Kazak), Central Asia (Kazak, Kyrgyz, Uzbek), and the Near East (Turkish,
Azeri). Its closest relatives are the languages of the Turks in northeastern Iran and the
Khorazm Province of south central Uzbekistan (Khorasani), Azerbaijan (Azeri), and
Turkey (Turkish), all of which belong to the Oghuz group of this language family.
Classification and related languages:

Turkmen is in the Turkic family; sometimes grouped in the larger, but disputed Altaic
language family. It is a member of the southwestern Turkic language family, more
specifically the East Oghuz group. This group is also comprised of Khorasan Turkic.
Turkmen is related to Crimean Tatar and Salar, and less closely related to Turkish and
Azerbaijani. Turkmen has vowel harmony, is agglunative, has no grammatical gender,
and no irregular verbs. Word order is Subject Object Verb.
Writing System:
Officially, Turkmen currently is rendered in the “Täze Elipbiýi,” or “New Alphabet.”
However, the old "Soviet" Cyrillic alphabet is still in wide use. Many political parties in
opposition to the current authoritarian rule in Turkmenistan use the Cyrillic alphabet on
websites and publications, most likely to distance themselves from the alphabet created
by President Niyazov. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the Latin and
Cyrillic alphabets for Turkmen that is as follows:
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A, B, Ç, D, E, Ä, F, G, H, I, J, Ž, K, L, M, N, Ñ, O, Ö, P, R, S, Ş, T, U, Ü, W, Y, Ý, Z
Latin Cyrillic Phonetic

letter equivalent value
Aa Аа [a]
Bb Бб [b]
Çç Чч [ ]
Dd Дд [d]
Ee Ее [je], [e]
Ää Əə [æ]
Ff Фф [ ]
Gg Гг [g~ ]
Hh Хх [h~x]
Ii Ии [i]
Jj Җҗ [ ]
Žž Жж [ ]
Kk Кк [k~q]
Ll Лл [l]
Mm Мм [m]
Nn Нн [n]
Ňň Ңң [ŋ]
Oo Оо [o]
Öö Өө [ø]
Pp Пп [p]
Rr Рр [r]
Ss Сс [θ]
Şş Шш [ ]
Tt Тт [t]
Uu Уу [u]
Üü Үү [y]
Ww Вв [β]
Yy Ыы [ ]
Ýý Йй [j]
Zz Зз [ð]
Before 1929, Turkmen was written in a modified Arabic alphabet. In 1929–1938 a Latin
alphabet replaced it and then the Cyrillic alphabet was used from 1938 to 1991. In 1991,
the current Latin alphabet was re-introduced, although the transition to it has been rather
slow. When it was first reintroduced it was supposed to contain some rather unusual
letters, such as the pound, dollar, yen, and cent signs, but these were later replaced by
more orthodox letter symbols. In 2002, the days of the week and the months were also
renamed.
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Sounds
The following phonemes are present in the Turkmen language:
Vowels
Turkmen contains both short and long vowels. Doubling the duration of sound for a short
vowel is generally how its long vowel counterpart is pronounced. Turkmen employs
vowel harmony, a principle that is common in fellow Turkic languages. Vowels and their
sounds are as follows:
Turkme
Pronunciation, in GenAm IPA Pronunciation, in English
n
Aa [ə] “a” in “about”
Ää [æ] “a” in “cat”
Ee [ε] “e” in “bed”
Ii [i] “e” in “evil”
Yy [n/a] n/a
Oo [o] “o” in “coat”
Öö [œ] (German “Österreich”) “ir” in “bird” (no equivalent)
Uu [υ] “u” in “put”
Üü [n/a] close to “oo” in “food”, higher in throat
Consonants
Turkmen consonant phonemes (shown in Turkmen alphabet):
bilabial labio-dental dental alveolar post-alveolar palatal velar glottal

plosive pb td kg
nasal m n ň
flap r
fricative fw sz žş h
affricate çj
approximant ý
lateral approximant l
Vowel Harmony
Vowel harmony is where all words, at least of a non-borrowed origin, consist either
entirely of front vowels (inçe çekimli sesler) or entirely of back vowels (ýogyn çekimli
sesler); this includes prefixes and suffixes.
Front vowels Back vowels

Ää Aa
Ee
Ii Yy
Öö Oo
Üü Uu
The infinitive form of a verb determines whether it will follow a front vowel harmony or
back vowel harmony. Words of foreign origin, mainly Russian, Persian, or Arabic, do not
follow vowel harmony.
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Verbs
There are both singular and plural tenses for all first, second, and third person verb
conjugations. There are 11 verb tenses in Turkmen. These include: Present
Comprehensive (long & short form), Present Perfect (regular and negative), Future
Certain, Future Indefinite, Conditional, Past Definite, Obligatory, Imperative, and
Intentional. The presence of so many tenses may intimidate native English speakers, but
due to Turkmen's inherent logic in its conjugation, the task of conjugating verbs is not as
daunting as it may appear.
Infinitive Forms of Verbs

There are two types of verbs in their infinitive forms in Turkmen; those ending in the
suffix "-mak" and those ending in "-mek". -Mak verbs follow back vowel harmony,
whereas -mek verbs follow front vowel harmony.
Grammatical Cases
Like Latin, the Turkmen language has several cases. They are as follows: the Nominative
case, the Possessive case, the Dative case, the Accusative case, the Locative case, and the
Instrumental case. Pronouns also have different case endings.
Pronoun
Cases
Nominati sen / you (sing. siz / you (pl. or
men / I ol / he/she/it biz / we olar / they
ve Inf.) for.)
Possessiv onyň /
meniň / my seniň / your biziň / our siziň / your olaryň / their
e his/her/its
maňa / to oňa / to olara / to
Dative saňa / to you bize / to us size / to you
me him/her/it them
Accusati
meni / me seni / you ony / him/her/it bizi / us sizi / you olary / them
ve
mende / sende / upon onda / upon bizde / sizde / upon olarda / upon
Locative
upon me you him/her/it upon us you them
Instrume menden / senden / from ondan / from bizden / sizden / from olardan /
ntal from me you him/her/it from us you from them
Suffixes
Suffixes, or "goşylmalar," form a very important part of Turkmen. They can mark
possession, or change a verb.
To make a verb passive: -yl/-il; -ul/-ül; -l To make a verb reflexive: -yn/-in; -un/-ün; -n
To make a verb reciprocal: -yş/-iş; -uş/-üş; -ş To make a verb causitive: -dyr/-dir; -dur/-
dür; -yr/-ir; -ur/-ür; -uz/-üz; -ar/-er; -der/-dar; -t
Note: the suffixes are dependent on the ending of the infinitive form of the verb.
In language, Turkmens speak Turkmen, related most closely to Turkish and Azerbaijani.
Virtually everyone, however, even in the remote desert regions, speaks Russian.
14
Lesson 1 VALIDATION COPY 1.0 JUNE 2007
People and Geography

Adamlar we Geografiýa
This lesson will introduce you to:

- Simple greetings and basic introductions in Turkmen.
- How to greet people in formal and informal situations in Turkmenistan.
- Personal pronouns.
- Possessive pronouns.
- How to use the verbs “to be” and “to live” in the present tense.
- Basic geographical names of Turkmenistan.
PEOPLE
1. Listen to these simple greetings and phrases in Turkmen and repeat them after the speaker.
Hello Salavmaleykim Salawmaleýkim
Hi Salam Salam
Good morning! Ertiring hayirli bolsun ! Ertiriň haýyrly bolsun !

Ertiringiz hayirli bolsun ! (plural, Ertiriňiz haýyrly bolsun ! (plural,
formal) formal)
Good afternoon! Gunugiz hayir ! / Salam Günüňiz haýyr ! / Salam

Gurgunmysyň (plural -
Gurgunmysyňyz) or Amanmysyň
(plural - Amanmysyňyz)
Good evening! Agshamyng hayirli bolsun ! Agşamyň haýyrly bolsun !

Agshamyngiz hayirli bolsun ! Agşamyňyz haýyrly bolsun !
(plural, formal) / Gich yagshi ! (plural, formal) / Giç ýagşy !
Good night! Gijang rahat bolsun ! Gijäň rahat bolsun !

Gijangiz rahat bolsun ! (plural, Gijäňiz rahat bolsun ! (plural,
formal) formal)
2. Exchange greetings with your teacher and your partner. What would you say at 7am, at 10am, at
2pm, at 5pm, and at 10pm?
15
3. Familiarize yourself with personal pronouns. Listen to the audio and repeat after the speaker.
I Men Men This pronoun “Ol”- can be

You Sen Sen used for both, for “she” and
He Ol Ol “he”.
She Ol Ol
We Biz Biz
You (plural) Siz Siz
They Olar Olar
4. Listen to the following dialogues and repeat after the speaker. Read the dialogues in pairs.
In the morning Irden Irden

Serdar: Good morning! Ertiring hayirli bolsun! Ertiriň haýyrly bolsun!
Ertiringiz hayirli bolsun! (plural, Ertiriňiz haýyrly bolsun! (plural,
formal) formal)
Mergen: Good morning. Ertiring hayirli bolsun. Ertiriň haýyrly bolsun.
Ertiringiz hayirli bolsun. (plural, formal) Ertiriňiz haýyrly bolsun. (plural,
formal)
During the day Gundiz Gündiz

Serdar: Good afternoon! Gunugiz hayir. / Salam Günüňiz haýyr. / Salam /
Mergen: Good afternoon. Gunugiz hayir. / Salam Günüňiz haýyr. / Salam /

Serdar: How are you? Yagdaying nyahili ? Ýagdaýyň nähili ?

Yagdayingiz nyahili ? (plural, formal) Ýagdaýyňyz nähili ? (plural,
formal)
Mergen: Fine, thank you. Yagshi, sag bol. Ýagşy, sag bol.
And you? Yagshi, sag bolung.(plural, formal) Ýagşy, sag boluň. (plural, formal)
Sen nyahili ? Sen nähili ?
Siz nyahili ? (plural, formal) Siz nähili ? (plural, formal)
Serdar: Very well. Oryan gowi. Örän gowy.
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In the Evening Agsham Agşam
Nazar: Good evening, Agshaming hayirli bolsun, Agşamyň haýyrly bolsun,
Sapar. Sapar. Sapar.
Agshamgiz hayirli bolsun, Agşamyňyz haýyrly bolsun,
Sapar. (plural, formal) Sapar. (plural, formal)
Sapar: Good evening. Agshaming hayirli bolsun. Agşamyň haýyrly bolsun.
Agshamingiz hayirli bolsun. (plural, Agşamyňyz haýyrly bolsun!
formal) (plural, formal)
Nazar: How are you, Yagdaying nyahili, Sapar ? Ýagdaýyň nähili, Sapar ?
Sapar? Yagdayingiz nyahili, Ýagdaýyňyz nähili, Sapar ?
Sapar ? (plural, formal) (plural, formal)
Sapar: Fine, thank you. Yagshi, sag bol Ýagşy, sag bol
And you? Yagshi, sag bolung. (plural, formal) Ýagşy, sag boluň. (plural, formal)
Sen nyahili ? Sen nähili ?
Siz nyahili? (plural, formal) Siz nähili ? (plural, formal)
Nazar: Fine. Good night. Yagshi. Gijang rahat bolsun. Ýagşy. Gijäň rahat bolsun.
Gijangiz rahat bolsun. (plural, formal) Gijäňiz rahat bolsun. (plural,
formal)
Sapar: Good night, Nazar. Gijang rahat bolsun, Nazar. Gijäň rahat bolsun, Nazar.
Gijangiz rahat bolsun, Nazar. (plural, Gijäňiz rahat bolsun, Nazar.
formal) (plural, formal)
Informal
Jemal (female): Hi, Maysa. Salam, Maysa. Salam, Maýsa.
Maysa (female): Hi! Salam! Salam!
Jemal: How are you? Gowimi? Gowumy ?
Maysa: Good. And you? Gowi. Seningki nyahili? Gowy. Seniňki nähili ?
Gowi. Sizingki nyahili ? (plural, formal) Gowy. Siziňki nähili ? (plural,
formal)
Jemal: Good! Gowi! Gowy!
Maysa: Bye! Hosh! Hoş!
5. Using the dialogues above as a model, compose your own similar dialogues. Work in pairs or in small
groups.
17
GEOGRAPHY
The verb “to be” corresponds to the verba “bar” and “bolmak” in the Turkmen language.
The verb “bar” is unchangeable while the verb “bolmak” can be changed according to the person:
Singular
Men bar / Men bolýaryn (Men bar / Men bolyaryn) – I am

Sen bar / Sen bolýarsyň (Sen bar / Sen bolyarsyng) – You are
Ol bar / Ol bolýar (Ol bar / Ol bolyar) –He/she is
Plural
Biz bar / Biz bolýarys (Biz bar / Biz bolyarys) – We are

Siz bar / Siz bolýarsyňyz (Siz bar / Siz bolyarsyngyz) – You are
Olar bar / Olar bolýarlar (Olar bar / Olar bolyarlar) – They are
When used in the present tense the verb “to be” is translated into Turkmen by a non-predicate sentence,
for instance:
I am a teacher – Men mugallym (Men mugallym); I am in the office – Men ofisde (Men ofisde).
It is a book – Bu kitap (Bu kitap). My name is Myrad – Meniň adym Myrat (Mening adym Myrat).
He is my brother – Ol meniň erkek doganym / doganym (Ol mening erkek doganym / doganym).
It is my book – Bu meniň kitabym (Bu mening kitabym).
When the verb “to be” is used in the past form it is translated by the past tense of the verb “bolmak”
being a part of the compound nominal predicate:
Onuň kakasy mugallym bolupdy (Onung kakasy mugallym bolupdy). (A compound nominal predicate)
– His father was a teacher.
Ol sowatly adam bolupdy (Ol sowatly adam bolupdy). – He was a clever man.
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I am from Turkmenistan Men Turkmenistandan Men Türkmenistandan
You are from Ashgabat Sen Ashgabatdan Sen Aşgabatdan
He is from Mary Ol Marydan Ol Marydan
She is from Gyzylarbat Ol Gyzylarbatdan Ol Gyzylarbatdan
It is from Turkmenabat Bu Turkmenabatdan Bu Türkmenabatdan
We are from Nebitdag Biz Nebitdagdan Biz Nebitdagdan
You are from Dashoguz Sen Dashoguzdan Sen Daşoguzdan
Siz Dashoguzdan (plural, formal) Siz Daşoguzdan (plural, formal)
They are from Turkmenbashy Olar Turkmenbashydan Olar Türkmenbaşydan
6. Listen to the following sentences and repeat after the speaker.
1. I am Turkmen. 1. Men Turkmen. 1. Men Türkmen.

I am from Turkmenistan. Men Turkmenistandan. Men Türkmenistandan.
2. He is Turkmen. 2. Ol Turkmen. 2. Ol Türkmen.
He is from Gushgy. Ol Gushgydan. Ol Guşgydan.
3. She is Turkmen. 3. Ol Turkmen. 3. Ol Türkmen.
She is from Bayramaly. Ol Bayramalydan. Ol Baýramalydan.
4. We are Turkmens. 4. Biz Turkmenler. 4. Biz Türkmenler.
We are from Mary. Biz Marydan. Biz Marydan.
5. You are Turkmen. 5. Sen Turkmen. 5. Sen Türkmen.
Siz Turkmen. (plural, formal) Siz Türkmen. (plural, formal)
You are from Gyzylarbat. Sen Gyzylarbatdan. Sen Gyzylarbatdan.
Siz Gyzylarbatdan. (plural, Siz Gyzylarbatdan. (plural,
formal) formal)
6. They are Turkmens. 6. Olar Turkmenler. 6. Olar Türkmenler.
They are from Dashoguz. Olar Dashoguzdan. Olar Daşoguzdan.
7. Pretend you and your classmates are from Turkmenistan. Introduce yourself and your classmates to
your friend in Turkmen. Use the model below and the map.
Model:
Men Turkmen. Men Ashgabatdan. Nazar Turkmen. Ol Marydan.
Men Türkmen. Men Aşgabatdan. Nazar Türkmen. Ol Marydan.
Maksat bilen Selbi Turkmen. Olar Turkmenabatdan.

Maksat bilen Selbi Türkmen. Olar Türkmenabatdan.
In Turkmen the word order of the interrogative sentences is quite different from that of the English sentence.
The interrogative adverbs (nirä, nirede, nireden, haýsy ýerde, nirya, nirede, nireden, haysy yerde), do not have
any fixed position in the sentence for instance:
19
Where is your friend? – Seniň dostuň nirede? (Sening dostung nirede?)
Siziň dostuňyz nirede? (Sizing dostungiz nirede?) (plural, formal)
Where do you live? – Sen nirede / haýsy ýerde ýaşaýarsyň? (Sen nirede / haysi yerde yashayarsing?)
Siz nirede / haýsy ýerde ýaşaýarsyňyz? (Siz nirede / haysi yerde yashayarsingiz?) (plural, formal)
Where is your home? – Öýyň nirede? (Oying nirede?)
Öýüňiz nirede? (Oyingiz nirede?) (plural, formal)
Where are you going? – Sen nirä barýarsyň? (Sen nirya baryarsyng?)
Siz nirä barýarsyňyz? (Siz nirya baryarsyngyz?) (plural, formal)
Where are you from? Sen nireden? Sen nireden?

Siz nireden? (plural, formal) Siz nireden? (plural, formal)
Where is he (she/it) from? Ol (ol/bu) nireden? Ol (ol/bu) nireden?
Where are we from? Biz nireden? Biz nireden?
Where are they from? Olar nireden? Olar nireden?
8. Listen to the following dialogues in Turkmen and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in your
workbook.
1. A. I am from Ashgabat. 1. A. Men Ashgabatdan. 1. A. Men Aşgabatdan.

Siz nireden (plural, formal)? Siz nireden (plural,
formal)?
B. I am from Gyzylarbat. B. Men Gyzylarbatdan. B. Men Gyzylarbatdan.
2. A. Gozel is from Mary. 2. A. Gozel Marydan. 2. A. Gözel Marydan.

Where is Mergen from? Mergen nireden? Mergen nireden?
B. He is from Turkmenbashy. B. Ol Turkmenbashydan. B. Ol Türkmenbaşydan.
3. A. I am from Dashoguz. 3. A. Men Dashoguzdan. 3. A. Men Daşoguzdan.

Where are you and Leyli from? Sen we / bilen Leyli nireden? Sen we / bilen Leýli
nireden?
B. We are from Tejen. B. Biz Tejenden. B. Biz Tejenden.
4. A. Myrat is from Ashgabat. 4. A. Myrat Ashgabatdan. 4. A. Myrat Aşgabatdan.

Where are Geldy and Jennet from? Geldi we / bilen Jennet Geldi we / bilen Jennet
nireden? nireden?
B. They are from Nebitdag. B. Olar Nebitdagdan. B. Olar Nebitdagdan.
9. Role-play the dialogues above using the map of Turkmenistan.
20
Yes or no questions with the verb “to be” have a different grammatical structure in Turkmen. It is a non-
predicate sentence which is formed by means of the interrogative particles (– mi, –my).
Is she an interpreter? – Ol terjimeçimi? (Ol terjimechimi?); Yes, she is an interpreter – Hawa, ol terjimeçi
(Hawa, ol terjimechi) – (Full answer); Yes – Hawa (Hawa) – (Short answer); No, she is not an interpreter –Ýok,
ol terjimeçi däl (Yok, ol tejimechi dyal) – (Full answer); No – Ýok (Yok) – (Short answer);
Is it a book? – Bu kitapmy? (Bu kitapmy?); Yes, it is a book – Hawa, bu kitap (Hawa, bu kitap) – (Full answer);
Yes – Hawa (Hawa) – (Short answer); No, It is not a book – Ýok, bu kitap däl (Yok, bu kitap dal) – (Full
answer); No – Ýok (Yok) – (Short answer).
Am I from Ashgabat. Yes, I am. No, I am not.

Men Ashgabatdan. Hawa. Yok.
Men Aşgabatdan. Hawa. Ýok
Are you from Mary? Yes, you are. No, you are not.
Sen Marydanmy? Hawa. Yok.
Siz Marydanmy (plural, formal)? Hawa. Yok.
Sen Marydanmy? Hawa. Ýok.
Siz Marydanmy (plural, formal)? Hawa. Ýok.
Is he from Gyzylarbat? Yes, he is. No, he is not.

Ol Gyzylarbatdanmy? Hawa. Yok.
Ol Gyzylarbatdanmy? Hawa. Ýok
Is she from Dashoguz? Yes, she is. No, she is not.

Ol Dashoguzdanmy? Hawa. Yok.
Ol Daşoguzdanmy? Hawa. Ýok
Is it from Turkmenistan? Yes, it is. No, it is not.

Bu Turkmenistandanmy? Hawa. Yok.
Bu Türkmenistandanmy? Hawa. Ýok
Are we from Nebitdag? Yes, we are. No, we are not.

Biz Nebitdagdanmy? Hawa. Yok.
Biz Nebitdagdanmy? Hawa. Ýok.
Are they from Turkmenabat? Yes, they are. No, they are not.
Olar Turkmenabatdanmy? Hawa. Yok.
Olar Türkmenabatdanmy? Hawa. Ýok.
21
10. Read the following dialogues and role-play them.
1. A. Are you from Turkmenistan? 1. A. Sen Turkmenistandanmy?

Siz Turkmenistandanmy? (plural, formal)
Sen Türkmenistandanmy?
Siz Türkmenistandanmy?(plural, formal)
B. Yes, I am. B. Hawa

Hawa
2. A. Are you from Ashgabat? 2. A. Sen Ashgabatdanmy?

Siz Ashgabatdanmy (plural, formal)?
Sen Aşgabatdanmy?
Siz Aşgabatdanmy (plural, formal)?
B. No, I am not. I am from Dashoguz. B. Yok. Men Dashoguzdan.
Ýok. Men Daşoguzdan.
3. A. Is Maksat from Turkmenabat? 3. A. Maksat Turkmenabatdanmy?
Maksat Türkmenabatdanmy?
B. Yes, he is. B. Hawa.
Hawa.
4. A. Are Maksat and Jeren from Nebitdag? 4. A. Maksat we / bilen Jeren Nebitdagdanmy?
Maksat we / bilen Jeren Nebitdagdanmy?
B. Yes, they are. B. Hawa.

Hawa.
In daily conversations, people more commonly use first names. Last, first and middle names are used at work
and other places; it is more formal and respectful. For example: Dovran (first name) Ataevich (middle name) or
Meredov (last name) Dovran (first name). In meetings with people from foreign companies or foreign countries,
such titles as Mr., Mrs., Prime Minister, Minister, Governor or President and etc. are used. There is a tendency
in modern Turkmen to use more than just the first name, rather than the first and the middle names, as it was in
Soviet times when the Russian language was more predominant. For example: at schools – Mourat mugallym
(teacher Mourat, male), Maral mugallym (teacher Maral, female); at hospitals – Dr. Ajap (doctor Ajap, female),
Dr. Mourat, but Mourat Ashirovich, Ene Ataevna (first and middle names) is still preserved in higher
educational institutions.
22
The ending a in a person’s middle and last name can serve as the indicator of feminine gender (in the
nominative case). For example Ataeva (last) Jeren (first) Berdyevna (middle). It should be noted that in
masculine gender in the majority of cases no endings are used, for example: Ashir Nazarovich Charyev, though
in some cases male names originally end in vowels, for example: Wepa, Geldi, Chary.
What is your name? Sening adyng nyame? What is your name? Sening adyng
(formal) nyame? (formal)
Sizing adyniz nyame? Sizing adyniz
(plural), (formal) nyame? (plural),
Seniň adyň näme? (formal)
(formal) Seniň adyň näme?
Siziň adyňyz näme? (formal)
(plural), (formal) Siziň adyňyz näme?
(plural), (formal)
Your name? Adyng nyame?
(informal)
Adyniz nyame? (plural),
(informal)
Adyň näme? (informal)

Adyňyz näme? (plural),
(informal)
My name is Merdan Mening adym Merdan My name is Dovran Mening adym

Meniň adym Merdan Meredov . Dovran Meredov.
(formal) Meniň adym Dovran
Meredov. (formal)
Mr. Jenap Mr. Merdan Azarov Jenap Merdan

Jenap Azarov
Jenap Merdan
Mrs. Hanym Mrs. Maia Azarova Azarov
Hanym
Hanym Maia
Azarova
Hanym Maia
Azarova
23
I Men Men My Mening Meniň
You Sen Sen Your Sening Seniň
He Ol Ol His Onung Onuň
She Ol Ol Her Onung Onuň
It Bu Bu Its Munung Munuň
Shunung Şunuň
We Biz Biz Our Bizing Biziň
You Siz Siz Your Sizing Siziň
They Olar Olar Their Olaryng Olaryň
What is her name? What is his name?

Onung ady nyame? Onung ady nyame?
Onuň ady näme? Onuň ady name?
Her name is Jennet Amanovna His name is Mekan.
Onung ady Jennet Amanovna Onung ady Mekan.
Onuň ady Jennet Amanowna Onuň ady Mekan.
11. Listen to the following dialogue and repeat after the speaker.
A. Good morning! A. Ertiring hayirli bolsun! A. Ertiriň haýyrly bolsun!

formal) formal)
B. Good morning! B. Ertiring hayirli bolsun! B. Ertiriň haýyrly bolsun!
formal) formal)
A. My name is Mourat. A. Mening adym Myrat. A. Meniň adym Myrat.
What is your name? Sening adyng nyame? Seniň adyň näme?
Sizing adyngiz nyame? (plural, Siziň adyňyz näme? (plural,
formal) formal)
B. My name is Mergen. B. Mening adym Mergen. B. Meniň adym Mergen.
A. Nice to meet you, A. Mergen , sening bilen A. Mergen , seniň bilen
Mergen. tanyshanima oran shat. tanyşanyma örän şat,.
Mergen, sizing bilen tanyshanyma Mergen , siziň bilen tanyşanyma
oran shat. (plural, formal) örän şat. (plural, formal)
B. Nice to meet you, Mourat. B. Myrat, sening bilen B. Myrat , seniň bilen
tanyshanima oran shat. tanyşanyma örän şat.
Myrat, sizing bilen tanyshanima Myrat , siziň bilen tanyşanyma
oran shat. (plural, formal) örän şat. (plural, formal)
24
12. Work in pairs or in small groups. Look at the pictures and make up similar dialogues.
The verb “to live” can be changed according to person.
Singular
Men ýaşaýaryn (Men yashayarin) – I live
Sen ýaşaýarsyň (Sen yashayarsing) – You live
Ol ýaşaýar (Ol yashayar) – He / She / It lives
Plural
Biz ýaşaýarys (Biz yashayaris) – We live
Siz ýaşaýarsyňyz (Siz yashayarsiniz) – You live (plural, formal)
Olar ýaşaýarlar (Olar yashayarlar) – They live
Yes or no questions with the verb “to be” have a different grammatical structure in Turkmen. It is a non-
predicate sentence which is formed by means of the interrogative particles (– mi, – my). In this case the yes or
no question with the verb “to be” is translated into Turkmen by a non-predicate sentence.
Is he home? – Ol öýdemi? (Ol oydemi?); Yes, he is home – Hawa, ol öýde (Hawa, ol oyde) – (full answer); Yes
– Hawa (Hawa) – (a short answer); No, he is not home –Ýok, ol öýde däl (Yok, ol oyde dal) – (full answer); No
– Ýok (Yok) – (a short answer).
The example below cannot be taken as a non-predicate sentence in Turkmen, as the predicate is expressed by
the verb “ýaşaýar” in the present tense plus the interrogative particle – my.
Is she living in this house? – Ol bu jaýda ýaşaýarmy? (Ol bu jayda yashayarmi?); Yes, she is living in this
house – Hawa, ol bu jaýda ýaşaýar (Hawa, ol bu jayda yashayar) – (full answer); Yes – Hawa (Hawa) – (a short
answer); No, he is not living in this house – Ýok, ol bu jaýda ýaşamaýar (Yok, ol bu jayda yashamayar) – (full
answer); No – Ýok (Yok) – (a short answer).
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13. Listen to the following statements and repeat after the speaker.
My name is Serdar. His name is Arslan (male). Her name is Maral (female).
Mening adym Serdar. Onung ady Arslan. Onung ady Maral.
Meniň adym Serdar. Onuň ady Arslan. Onuň ady Maral.
I live in Ashgabat. He lives in Mary. She lives in Turkmenabat.
Men Ashgabatda yashayarin. Ol Maryda yashayar. Ol Turkmenabatda yashayar.
Men Aşgabatda ýaşaýaryn. Ol Maryda ýaşaýar. Ol Türkmenabatda ýaşaýar.
We live in Ashgabat. They live in Dashoguz.

Biz Ashgabatda yashayaris. Olar Dashoguzda yashayarlar.
Biz Aşgabatda ýaşaýarys. Olar Daşoguzda ýaşaýarlar.
14. Read the following sentences. Translate them into English. Check your work with the answer key.
1. Maksat Ashgabatda yashayar. 1. Maksat Aşgabatda ýaşaýar.
2. Sen Dashoguzda yashayarsinmy? 2. Sen Daşoguzda ýaşaýarsyňmy?

Siz Dashoguzda yashayarsinizmi? (plural, formal) Siz Daşoguzda ýaşaýarsyňyzmy? (plural, formal)
Hawa. Hawa.
3. Jennet Maryda yashamayar. 3. Jennet Maryda ýaşamaýar.
4. Sen nirede yashayarsing? 4. Sen nirede ýaşaýarsyň?

Siz nirede yashayarsiniz? (plural, formal) Siz nirede ýaşaýarsyňyz? (plural, formal)
Men Nebitdagda yashayaryn. Men Nebitdagda ýaşaýaryn.
5. Bahar we / bilen Nazar nirede yashayarlar? Olar 5. Bahar we / bilen Nazar nirede ýaşaýarlar? Olar
Turkmenabatda yashayarlar. Türkmenabatda ýaşaýarlar.
15. Listen to the following dialogue and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in your workbook.
Then, compose a similar dialogue. Work in pairs or in small groups.
A. Gunugiz hayir. / Salam A. Günüňiz haýyr. / Salam Gurgunmysyň (plural - Gurgunmysyňyz)

or Amanmysyň (plural - Amanmysyňyz)
B. Gunugiz hayir. / Salam B. Günüňiz haýyr. / Salam

A. Mening adym Jeren. A. Meniň adym Jeren.
. Sening adyng nyame? Seniň adyň näme?
. Sizing adyngiz nyame? Siziň adyňyz näme? (plural, formal)
(plural, formal)
26
B. Mening adym Dovran. B. Meniň adym Döwran.
A. Dovran, sening bilen A. Döwran, seniň bilen tanyşanyma örän şat.
tanyshanima oran shat. Döwran, siziň bilen tanyşanyma örän şat. (plural, formal)
Dovran, sizing bilen tanyshanima
oran shat. (plural, formal)
B. Jeren, sening bilen B. Jeren, seniň bilen tanyşanyma örän şat.
tanyshanima oran shat. Jeren, siziň bilen tanyşanyma örän şat.
Jeren, sizing bilen tanyshanima
oran shat.
A. Men Ashgabatda yashayaryn. A. Men Aşgabatda ýaşaýaryn.
Sen nirede yashayarsing? Sen nirede ýaşaýarsyň?
Siz nirede yashayarsiniz? (plural, Siz nirede ýaşaýarsyňyz? (plural, formal)
formal)
B. Men Gyzylarbatda yashayarin. B. Men Gyzylarbatda ýaşaýaryn.
16. Imagine that you are new to the class. Ask your partner about the rest of the students (their names
and where they live). Use the model below. Work in pairs or in small groups.
Model:
A. Onuň ady näme ? A. Onung ady nyame ?
B. Onuň ady Tahir. B. Onung ady Tahir.
A. Ol nirede ýaşaýar ? A. Ol nirede yashayar ?
B. Ol Aşgabatda ýaşaýar. B. Ol Ashgabatda yashayar.
27
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Read the following sentences and translate them from English into Turkmen.
A. My name is Tanya. I am from Moscow.

B. Do you live in Seattle? Yes.
C. His name is Joe. He lives in Berlin.
D. We are from Vancouver.
E. My name is Maurice. I am from Chicago
F. His name is Bob. He lives in Boston.
G. Her name is Susan. She lives in San Diego.
H. What is your name? My name is Tony.
2. Pretend that you are at a party. Introduce yourself to other people and ask them their names, where they are
from, and where they live. Work in pairs or in small groups. Use the model below.
Model:
A. Salam, meniň adym Döwran. A. Salam, mening adym Dovran.

Seniň adyň näme? Sening adyng nyame?
Siziň adyňyz näme? (plural, formal) Sizing adyngiz nyame? (plural, formal)
B. Salam, meniň adym Gulşat. (female) B. Salam, mening adym Gulshat. (female)
Men Türkmenistandan. A. Men Turkmenistandan.
Sen nireden? Sen nireden?
B. Men Türkmenistandan. B. Men Turkmenistandan.
A. Men Aşgabatda ýaşaýaryn. A. Men Ashgabatda yashayarin.
Sen nirede ýaşaýarsyň? Sen nirede yashayarsing?
Siz nirede ýaşaýarsyňyz? (plural, formal) Siz nirede yashayarsiniz? (plural, formal)
B. Men Türkmenabatda ýaşaýaryn. B. Men Turkmenabatda yashayarin.
28
3. Introduce your friend to your classmates. Use the model below.
Model:
Onuň ady Gurban. Onung ady Gurban.

Ol Türkmenistandan. Ol Turkmenistandan.
Ol Türkmen. Ol Turkmen.
Ol Daşoguzda ýaşaýar. Ol Dashoguzda yashayar.
29
Vocabulary
Hello Salavmaleykim Salawmaleýkim
Hi Salam Salam
Good morning Ertiring hayirli bolsun Ertiriň haýyrly bolsun
Ertiringiz hayirli bolsun? (plural, formal) Ertiriňiz haýyrly bolsun? (plural,
formal)
Good afternoon Gunugiz hayir / Salam Günüňiz haýyr / Salam
Good evening Agshamyng hayirli bolsun Agşamyň haýyrly bolsun

Agshamyngiz hayirli bolsun (plural, Agşamyňyz haýyrly bolsun (plural,
formal) / Gich yagshi formal) / Giç ýagşy
Good night Gijang rahat bolsun Gijäň rahat bolsun
Gijangiz rahat bolsun (plural, formal) Gijäňiz rahat bolsun (plural, formal)
Good-bye Sag bol / Sag bolung (plural, formal) Sag bol / Sag boluň (plural, formal)
How are you? Yagdaying nyahili? Ýagdaýyň nähili?
Yagdayiniz nyahili? (plural, formal) / Ýagdaýyňyz nähili? (plural, formal)
Gowymi? / Gowymy?
Fine/ very well Yagshi / Oryan govi / govi Ýagşy / örän gowy / gowy
Thank you Sag bol / Sag bolung (plural, formal) / Sag bol / Sag boluň (plural, formal) /
Tangry yalkasyn / Minnetdar / Kop Taňry ýalkasyn / Minnetdar / Köp
minnetdar minnetdar
You are welcome Bash ustune Baş üstüne
Nice to meet you. Sening bilen tanyshanyma oran shat. Seniň bilen tanyşanyma örän şat.
Sizing bilen tanyshanyma oran shat. Siziň bilen tanyşanyma örän şat.
(plural, formal) / Hosh gorduk (plural, formal) / Hoş gördük
My name is … Mening adym … Meniň adym …
I Men Men
He Ol Ol
She Ol Ol
You Sen Sen
We Biz Biz
You Siz (plural, formal) Siz (plural, formal)
They Olar Olar
To live in the house Jayda yashamak Jaýda ýaşamak
No Yok Ýok
Yes Hawa Hawa
To be Bolmak Bolmak
To be from Turkmenistan Turkmenistanly bolmak Türkmenistanly bolmak
What is your name? Sening adyng nyame? Seniň adyň näme?
Sizing adyngiz nyame? (plural, formal) Siziň adyňyz näme? (plural, formal)
30
Where do you live? Sen nirede yashayarsing? Sen nirede ýaşaýarsyň?
Siz nirede yashayarsiniz? (plural, formal) Siz nirede ýaşaýarsyňyz? (plural,
formal)
Mine Meningki Meniňki
Yours Seningki Seniňki
His Onungky Onuňky
Hers Onungky Onuňky
Ours Bizingki Biziňki
Yours Sizingki Siziňki
Theirs Olaryngky Olaryňky
31
Answer Key
Exercise 14.
1. Maksat lives in Ashgabat.

2. Do you live in Dashhowuz? Yes, I do.
3. Jennet does not live in Mary.
4. Where do you live? I live in Nebitdag.
5. Where do Bahar and Nazar live?
End of Lesson Exercise 1
A. Meniň adym Tanýa. Men Moskwadan.

B. Sen Sietelda ýaşaýarsyňmy ? Hawa.
Siz Sietelda ýaşaýarsyňyzmy ? (plural, formal) Hawa.
C. Onyň ady Jo. Ol Berlinda ýaşaýar.
D. Biz Wankuwerdan.
E. Meniň adym Maris. Men Çikagodan.
F. Onyň ady Bob. Ol Bostonda ýaşaýar.
G. Onyň ady Suzan. Ol San Diegoda ýaşaýar.
H. Seniň adyň näme? Meniň adym Tony.
Siziň adyňyz näme? (plural, formal) Meniň adym Tony.
32
Living and Working

Ýaşaýyş we Iş

- Typical housing arrangements of most people living in Turkmenistan.
- Using “or” in questions about living arrangements and professions.
- The verb “to have” in the present tense.
- Names of professions (singular and plural forms).
People in Turkmenistan live in apartment buildings and houses. There are a lot of apartment buildings and
houses in town, but there are no multistory apartment buildings in the country-side. The standard of living
depends on the family and their own choice. Some of them prefer living in houses surrounded with green yards
to the high apartment buildings of concrete and glass. Also, there are different hotels, including cheap and
expensive, apartments and houses for rent.
1. Look at the pictures below and listen to the words. Repeat the words after the speaker.
apartment apartment building room house

Oy Yashaish jayi Otag Jay
Öý Ýaşaýyş jaýy Otag Jaý
military camp tent barracks hotel

Harby dushelge / Chadyr Kazarmalar Myhmanhana
bazasy Çadyr Kazarmalar Myhmanhana
Harby düşelge /
bazasy
33
2. Match the Turkmenian words on the left with their English equivalents on the right.
Çadyr / Palatka Chadir / Palatka Hotel
Otag Otag Tent
Jaý Jay Barracks
Öý Oy Room
Myhmanhana Myhmanhana Military camp
Ýaşaýyş jaýy Yashaish jayi House
Kazarmalar Kazarmalar Apartment
Harby düşelge Harby dushelge Apartment building
3. Read the following sentences and translate them into English. Check your work with the answer key.
1. Mergen harby düşelgede çadyrda ýaşaýar.

Mergen harby dushelgede chadyrda yashayar.
2. Jenap Myradow kiçi öýde ýaşaýar.

Jenap Myradov kichi oyde yashayar.
3. Nepes we / bilen Leýla Aşgabatda uly jaýda ýaşaýarlar.

Nepes we / bilen Leyla Ashgabatda uly jayda yashayarlar.
4. Gurban myhmanhanada ýaşaýar.

Gurban myhmanhanada yashayar.
5. Mergen we / bilen Berdi kazarmalarda ýaşaýarlar.

Mergen we / bilen Berdi kazarmalarda yashayarlar.
6. Men we / bilen Guvanç biziň jaýymyzda ýaşaýarys.

Men we / bilen Guvanch bizing jayimyzda yashayaris.
34
4. Listen to the following dialogues and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in your workbook.
Then, make up similar dialogues. Work in pairs or in small groups.
1. A. I live in a big house. Where do you live? B. I live in a tent in a military camp.
Men uly jayda yashayarin. Men harby dushelgede chadyrda
Sen nirede yashayarsing ? yashayarin.
Siz nirede yashayarsingiz ? (plural, formal)
Men uly jaýda ýaşaýaryn. . Men harby düşelgede çadyrda ýaşaýaryn.
Sen nirede ýaşaýarsyň ?
Siz nirede ýaşaýarsyňyz ? (plural, formal)
2. A. Maksat lives in the hotel. Where does Selbi live? B. Selbi lives in an apartment building.
Maksat myhmanhanada yashayar. Selbi nirede yashayar ? Selbi yashaish jainda yashayar.
Maksat myhmanhanada ýaşaýar. Selbi nirde ýaşaýar ? Selbi ýaşaýyş jaýynda ýaşaýar.
3. A. We live in the barracks. Where do Nepes and Maral B. They live in the military camp.
live?
Biz kazarmalarda yashayaris. Nepes we / bilen Maral nirede Olar harby dushelgede yashayarlar.
yashayarlar ?
Biz kazarmalarda ýaşaýarys. Nepes we / bilen Maral nirede Olar harby düşelgede ýaşaýarlar.
ýaşaýarlar ?
Grammar notes:
“or”-“ya-da”
“or”-“ýa-da”
Do you live in the barracks or in the house?
Sen kazarma(lar)da “ya-da” jayda yashayarsingmi ?

Siz kazarmalarda “ya-da” jayda yashayarsingizmi ? (plural, formal)
Sen kazarma(lar)da “ýa-da” jaýda ýaşaýarsyňmy ?

Siz kazarmalarda “ýa-da” jaýda ýaşaýarsyňyzmy ? (plural, formal)
35
5. Read the following dialogues and translate them into English. Check your translations with the
answer key. Make up similar dialogues using the words below. Work in pairs or in small groups.
1. A. Sen jaýda ýa-da öýde ýaşaýarsyňmy ? 1. A. Sen jayda ya-da oyde yashayarsyngmy ?
Siz jaýda ýa-da öýde ýaşaýarsyňyzmy ? Siz jayda ya-da oyde yashayarsyngyzmy ?
(plural, formal) (plural, formal)
B. Men jaýda ýaşaýaryn. B. Men jayda yashayaryn.
2. A. Olar myhmanhanada ýa-da ýaşaýyş jaýynda 2. A. Olar myhmanhanada ya-da yashaish jainda
ýaşaýarlarmy ? yashayarlarmi ?
B. Olar ýaşaýyş jaýynda ýaşaýarlar. B. Olar yashaish jainda yashayarlar.
6. Compose choice questions using the model and the words below. Check your work with the answer
key.
Sen chadyrda ya-da kazarma(lar)da

yashayrsingmi ?
Siz chadyrda ya-da kazarmalarda
yashayarsingizmy ? (plural, formal)
Sen çadyrda ýa-da kazarma(lar)da

ýaşaýarsyňmy ?
Siz çadyrda ýa-da kazarmalarda
ýaşaýarsyňyzmy ? (plural, formal)
Sen Sen Çadyr Kazarmalar Chadyr Kazarmalar

Siz(plural, Siz(plural,
formal) formal)
Olar Olar Myhmanhana / Jaý Myhmanhana / Jay
Ol Ol Ýaşaýyş jaýy / Harby düşelge Yashaish jayi / Harby dushelge
Ol Ol Otag / Jaý Otag / Jay
Biz Biz Öý / Myhmanhana Oy / Myhmanhana
7. Listen to the speaker and circle the words you hear. Check your work with the answer key.
1. barracks apartment building tent house military camp room hotel apartment
36
Note:
In the Turkmen language, in order to say “I have,” we must have a personal pronoun which would have a “de”
or “da” ending, plus the word “bar” which further describes the case. For example: I have a computer in
Turkmen would be: Mende komputer bar (Romanization – Mende komputer bar). If we talk about
something bigger, for example: I have a house – then we use different endings. For example: I have a house -
Turkmen - Meniň jaýym bar (Romanization – Mening jayim bar). We have a house - Turkmen - Biziň
jaýymiz bar (Romanization –Bizing jayimiz bar – plural). As you can see, for the plural form, the endings
for the noun and the pronoun are different.
I have Mende … bar Mende… bar

Mening …bar Meniň …bar
You Sende … bar Sende … bar
have Sening … bar Seniň … bar
He / Onda … bar Onda … bar
she has Onung … bar Onuň … bar
We Bizde … bar Bizde … bar
have Bizing … bar Biziň … ar
You Sizde … bar Sizde … bar
(plural, Sizing … bar Siziň … bar
formal)
have
They Olarda … bar Olarda … bar
have Olaring … bar Olaryň … bar
8. Listen to the following sentences and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in your workbook.
1. I have a house in Ashgabat. 1. Ashgabatda mening jayim bar. 1. Aşgabatda meniň jaýym bar.
2. We have a room in an 2. Yashaish jainda bizing otagymiz 2. Ýaşaýyş jaýynda biziň otagymyz
apartment building. bar. bar.
3. Sapar has an apartment in 3. Maryda Saparyng oyi bar. 3. Maryda Saparyň öýi bar.
Mary.
4. Mergen and Bahar have their 4. Mergenyng we Baharyng 4. Mergenyň we Baharyň
house in Gyzylarbat. Gyzylarbatda jayi bar. Gyzylarbatda jaýy bar.
9. Make up sentences using the correct form of the verb “to have.”
Model: I have a house – Meniň jaýym bar (Romanization – Mening jayim bar).
He has a house – Onuň jaýy bar (Romanization – Onung jayi bar).
We have a house – Biziň jaýymyz bar (Romanization – Bizing jayimiz bar).
They have a house – Olaryň jaýy bar (Romanization – Olaryng jayi bar).
37
Mende / Mende
Meniň / Mening
Sizde / Sizde Jaý / Jay
Siziň / Sizing Jaýym / Jayim
Onda / Onda
Onuň / Onung
Onda / Onda Öý/
Onuň / Onung Öýüm
bar
Munda / Munda
Şunda / Shunda
Munuň / Munung
Shunuň / Shunung
Bizde / Bizde Otag / Otag
Biziň / Bizing Otagym / Otagym
Olarda / Olarda
Olaryň / Olaring
Note:
Jobs in Turkmenistan are pretty much the same as in any other place in the world. The most popular and
prestigious jobs are considered to be in state organizations like ministries, customs, the police, the knb (kgb),
big medical centers, higher educational institutions etc. For the last few years there have been regular staff
reductions, which have resulted in rising unemployment. This problem is somehow solved by foreign
companies. These companies make large contributions to the development of the country’s economics, and they
also provide people with work places and good salaries accordingly.
10. Listen to the new vocabulary related to professions and repeat after the speaker.
Profession Kyar / Hunar Kär / Hünär

Doctor Lukman Lukman
Nurse Shepagat uyasy Şepagat uýasy
Laborer Ishchi Işçi
Teacher Mugallym Mugallym
Student Okuwchy (at school) Okuwçy (at school)
Talyp (at Higher Educational Talyp (at Higher Educational
Institution) Institution)
Soldier Esger Esger
Mechanic Mehanik Mehanik
Farmer Dayhan / Karendechi Daýhan / Kärendeçi
Police Officer Politsiya ishgari Politsiýa işgäri
Waitress Oficiant Ofitziant
Interpreter Terjimechi Terjimeçi
38
11. Circle the more likely profession of the two choices under the photo.
Shepagat uyasy ya-da mygallym ? Politsiya ishgari ya-da dayhan / karendechi

Şepagat uýasy ýa-da mugallym ? Politsiýa işgäri ýa-da daýhan / kärendeçi
Oficiant ya-da lukman ? Esger ya-da terjimechi ?

Ofitziant ýa-da lukman ? Esger ýa-da terjimeçi ?
12. Match the Turkmenian words on the right with their English equivalents on the left. Check your
work with the answer key.
1. Profession A. Ofitziant A. Oficiant

2. Doctor B. Daýhan / Kärendeçi B. Dayhan / Karendechi
3. Nurse C. Terjimeçi C. Terjimechi
4. Laborer D. Kär / Hünär D. Kar / Hunar
5. Teacher E. Şepagat uýasy E. Shepagat uyasy
6. Student F. Politsiýa işgäri F. Politsiya ishgyari
7. Soldier G. Lukman G. Lukman
8. Mechanic H. Işçi H. Ishchi
9. Farmer I. Okuwçy / Talyp I. Okuwchy / Talyp
10. Police Officer J. Esger J. Esger
11. Waitress K. Mehanik K. Mehanik
12. Interpreter L. Mugallym L. Mugallym
In the Turkmen language, the plural form of the nouns is formed by adding the “lar”, “ler” endings to the stem
of the word. For example: Talyp – Talyplar (plural), Esger – Esgerler (plural).
39
13. Listen to the plural form of nouns related to the names of professions, and repeat after the
speaker.
Profession Professions
Kyar / Hyunyar Karler / Hunarler
Kär / Hünär Kärler / Hünärler
Doctor Doctors
Lukman Lukmanlar
Lukman Lukmanlar
Nurse Nurses
Shepagat uyasy Shepagat uyalar
Şepagat uýasy Şepagat uýalar
Laborer Laborers
Ishchi Ishchiler
Işçi Işçiler
Teacher Teachers
Mygallym Mygallymlar
Mygallym Mygallymlar
Student Students
Okuwchy / Talyp Okuwchylar / Talyplar
Okuwçy / Talyp Okuwçylar / Talyplar
Soldier Soldiers
Esger Esgerler
Esger Esgerler
Mechanic Mechanics
Mehanik Mehaniklar
Mehanik Mehaniklar
Farmer Farmers
Dayhan / Karendechi Dayhanlar / Karendechiler
Daýhan / Kärendeçi Daýhanlar / Kärendeçilar
Police officer Police officers

Politsiya ishgyari Politsiya ishgyarleri
Politsiýa işgäri Politsiýa işgärleri
40
Waitress Waitresses
Oficiant Oficiantlar
Oitziant Ofitziantlar
Interpreter Interpreters
Terjimechi Terjimechiler
Terjimeçi Terjimeçiler
14. Listen to the speaker and put a circle around each word you hear. Replay the audio as many
times as you need. Check your answers with the answer key.
A. He is a mechanic / farmer.
B. They are teachers / doctors.
C. She is an interpreter / student.
D. They are police officers / soldiers.
41
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Give a brief introduction of yourself, in Turkmen, listing your name, where you are from, where you
live, and what your occupation is.
Model:
Mening adym Dovlet. Men Turkmen. Men Turkmenistandan.
Men Ashgabatda yashayarin. Men mugallym. Men oyde yashayarin.
Meniň adym Döwlet. Men Türkmen. Men Türkmenistandan.

Men Aşgabatda ýaşaýaryn. Men mugallym. Men öýde ýaşaýaryn.
2. Listen to the recording and circle all the professions you hear. Check your work with the
answer key.
A. 1. waitress
2. police officer
3. interpreter
B. 1. nurse
2. teacher
3. farmer
C. 1. doctor
2. nurse
3. student
42
Vocabulary
Apartment Oy Öý
Apartment building Yashaish jayi Ýaşaýyş jaýy
Barracks Kazarmalar Kazarmalar
Military camp Harby dushelge Harby düşelge
House Jay Jaý
Tent Chadyr / Palatka Çadyr / Palatka
Room Otag Otag
Big Uly Uly
Small Kichi Kiçi
Profession Kar / Hunar Kär / Hünär
Farmer Dayhan / Karendechi Daýhan / Kärendeçi
Doctor Lukman Lukman
Nurse Shepagat uyasy Şepagat uýasy
Laborer Ishchi Işçi
Teacher Mugallym Mugallym
Student Okuwchy (at school) Okuwçy (at school)
Soldier Esger Esger
Mechanic Mehanik Mehanik
Waitress Oficiant Ofitziant
Interpreter Terjimechi Terjimeçi
Police officer Politsiya ishgyari Politsiýa işgäri
To have Bar Bar
43
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 3
1. Mergen lives in a tent at the military camp.

2. Jenap Muradov lives in a small apartment.
3. Nepes and Leyla live in a big house in Ashgabat.
4. Gurban lives in a hotel.
5. Mergen and Berdi live in the barracks.
6. Guvanch and I live in our house.
Exercise 5
1. A. Do you live in a house or in an apartment?

B. I live in a house.
2. A. Do they live in a hotel or in an apartment building?
B. They live in an apartment building.
Exercise 6. Your questions may vary.
Do you live in a tent or in the barracks?

Sen chadyrda ya-da kazarma(lar)da yashayrsyngmy ?
Siz chadyrda ya-da kazarmalarda yashayarsingizmi ? (plural, formal)
Sen çadyrda / palatkada ýa-da kazarmalarda ýaşaýarsyňmy ?

Siz çadyrda / palatkada ýa-da kazarmalarda ýaşaýarsyňyzmy ? (plural, formal)
Do they live in a hotel or a house?

Olar myhmanhanada ya-da jayda yashayarlarmi ?
Olar myhmanhanada ýa-da jaýda ýaşaýarlarmy ?
Does he live in an apartment building or a military camp?
Ol yashaish jayinda ya-da harby dushelgede yashayarmi ?
Ol ýaşaýyş jaýynda ýa-da harby düşelgede ýaşaýarmy ?
Does she live in a room or a house?

Ol otagda ya-da jayda yashayarmi ?
Ol otagda ýa-da jaýda ýaşaýarmy ?
Do we live in an apartment or a hotel?

Biz kwartirada ya-da myhmanhanada yashayarismi ?
Biz kwartirada ýa-da myhmanhanada ýaşaýarysmy ?
44
Exercise 7
1. tent
2. house
3. military camp
4. hotel
1. Çadyr
2. Jaý
3. Harby düşelge
4. Myhmanhana
Exercise 12
1. Profession D. Kär / Hünär Kar / Hunar

2. Doctor G. Lukman Lukman
3. Nurse E. Şepagat uýasy Shepagat uyasy
4. Laborer H. Işçi Ishchi
5. Teacher L. Mugallym Mugallym
6. Student I. Okuwçy (at school) Okuwchy (at school)
7. Soldier J. Esger Esger
8. Mechanic K. Mehanik Mehanik
9. Farmer B. Daýhan / Kärendeçi Dayhan / Karendechi
10. Police Officer F. Politsiýa işgäri Politsiya ishgyari
11. Waitress A. Ofitziant Oficiant
12. Interpreter C. Terjimeçi Terjimechi
Exercise 14
A. farmer fermer / karendechi fermer / kärendeçi

B. teachers mugallymlar mugallymlar
C. interpreter terjimechi terjimeçi
D. soldiers esgerler esgerler
A. 3 terjimeçi terjimechi interpreter

B. 2 mugallym mugallym teacher
C. 3 okuwçy / talyp okuwchy / talyp student
45
Days of the Week, Numbers, Ages of People

Hepdäniň Günleri, Sanlar, Adamlaryň Ýaşy

- Days of the week.
- Numbers from 0 to 100.
- How to understand and respond to questions about what day it is.
- How to find out somebody’s age and say how old you are.
1. Listen to the days of the week and repeat them after the speaker.
Note: The names of the days of the week were changed in 1995, but the former (old)
names are still in use, although unofficially. In official documents use of the new names
of the days of the week is obligatory.
Monday Dushenbe / Bash Düşenbe (old) / Baş güni

guni (new)
Tuesday Sishenbe / Yash Sişenbe (old) / Ýaş güni
guni (new)
Wednesday Charshenbe / Hosh Çarşenbe (old) / Hoş güni
guni (new)
Thursday Penshenbe / Sogap Penşenbe (old) / Sogap
guni güni (new)
Friday Anna / Anna guni Anna (old) / Anna güni
(new)
Saturday Shenbe / Ruh guni Şenbe (old) / Ruh güni
(new)
Sunday Yekshenbe / Dynch Ýekşenbe (old) / Dynç
guni güni (new)
Read the days of the week several times, practicing pronunciation. Replay the audio
if necessary.
46
2. Listen to the following dialogues and repeat after the speaker. Follow along
in the workbook. Role-play the dialogues using the names of the other days of the
week. Work in pairs or in small groups.
Ýekşenbe/ Sişenbe/ Penşenbe/ Şenbe/ Çarşenbe/ Anna/

Dynç güni Ýaş güni Sogap güni Ruh güni Hoş güni Anna güni
1. What day is it today? 1. Bu gun haysi gun ? 1. Bu gün haýsy gün ?

Today is Monday. Bu gun Dushenbe. / Bu gün Düşenbe. /
Bu gun Bash guni. Bu gün Baş güni.
2. Is today Monday? 2. Bu gun Dushenbemi ?/ 2. Bu gün Düşenbemi ?
Bu gun Bash gunmi ? Bu gün Baş günmi ?
Yes, today is Monday. Hawa, bu gun Dushenbe. / Hawa, bu gün Düşenbe. /
Hawa, bu gun Bash guni. Hawa, bu gün Baş güni.
3. Is today Monday? 3. Bu gun Dushenbemi ? / 3. Bu gün Düşenbemi ? /
Bu gun Bash gunmi? Bu gün Baş günmi?
No, today is Tuesday. Yok, bu gun Sishenbe. / Ýok, bu gün Sişenbe. /
Yok, bu gun Yash guni. Ýok, bu gün Ýaş güni.
3. Listen to the pronunciations and read the numbers from 0 to 10.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Nul Bir Iki uch Dort Byash Alty Yedi Sekiz Dokuz On
Nul Bir Iki Üç Dört Bäş Alty Ýedi Sekiz Dokuz On
4. Practice using the numbers. Work with a partner and tell them, in Turkmen,
your home and work telephone numbers, address numbers, etc.
47
5. Read the following dialogue. Pay attention to the numbers.
A. What is your A. Sening telefon A. Seniň telefon nomeriň

telephone number? nomering / belging / belgiň näçe?
nache? Siziň telefon nomeriňiz /
Sizing telefon nomeringiz belgiňiz näçe? (plural,
/ belgingiz nache? (plural, formal)
formal)
B. My telephone number B. Mening telefon B. Meniň telefon
is (360) 984 - 0217. nomerim / belgim (360) nomerim / belgim (360)
984 - 0217 984 - 0217.
A. What is your house A. Sening jaying nomeri / A. Seniň jaýyň nomeri /

number? belgisi nache? belgisi näçe?
Sizing jayingizing nomeri Siziň jaýyňyzyň nomeri /
/ belgisi nache? (plural, belgisi näçe? (plural,
formal) (plural,
A. Sening jaying nomeri /
belgisi nache?
Sizing jayingyzyng
nomeri / belgisi nache?
(plural, formal)
formal)
B. My house number is B. Mening jayiming B. Meniň jaýymyň
10456. nomeri / belgisi 10456. nomeri / belgisi 10456.
6. Role-play the dialogue with a partner using exercise 5 as a model. Pretend one of
you is a receptionist who wants to know the others’ name, telephone number, and
house number. Ask each other questions and use as many numbers in your answers
as you can.
7. Listen to the sentences and write down the missing numbers you hear.
Check your work with the answer key.
Model:
Mening telefon nomerim 567_(8)__4.

Meniň telefon nomerim 567_(8)__4.
48
1. Mening telefon nomerim / belgim 67__ ___653.
Meniň telefon nomerim / belgim 67__ ___653
2. Mening telefon nomerim / belgim 432__ ___01.

Meniň telefon nomerim / belgim 432__ ___01.
3. Mening telefon nomerim / belgim 89645__ ___.

Meniň telefon nomerim / belgim 89645__ ___.
4. Mening telefon nomerim / belgim 4__ __0692.

Meniň telefon nomerim / belgim 4__ __0692
5. Mening telefon nomerim / belgim 978__ __645.

Meniň telefon nomerim / belgim 978__ __645
In Turkmen, the quantitative numbers from 11 to 19 are formed by adding the

quantitative numbers to the quantitative numbers denoting tens. Usually such numbers
consist of two words. For example: 18 - “on sekiz”.
8. Listen as the speaker recites the numbers 11 to 19. Repeat after the
speaker.
11 / On bir 11 / On bir
12 / On iki 12 / On iki
13 / On uch 13 / On üç
14 / On dort 14 / On dört
15 / On byash 15 / On bäş
16 / On alty 16 / On alty
17 / On yedi 17 / On ýedi
18 / On sekiz 18 / On sekiz
19 / On dokuz 19 / On dokuz
9. Read the following numbers in Turkmen:
11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 12, 14, 16, 18
The numbers from 20 to 29 consist of two words. For example: 21 - “ýigrimi bir” , 26 -
“ýigrimi alty” .
49
20 / Yigrimi 20 / Ýigrimi
21 / Yigrimi bir 21 / Ýigrimi bir
22 / Yigrimi iki 22 / Ýigrimi iki
23 / Yigrimi uch 23 / Ýigrimi üç
24 / Yigrimi dort 24 / Ýigrimi dört
25 / Yigrimi byash 25 / Ýigrimi bäş
26 / Yigrimi alty 26 / Ýigrimi alty
27 / Yigrimi yedi 27 / Ýigrimi ýedi
28 / Yigrimi sekiz 28 / Ýigrimi sekiz
29 / Yigrimi dokuz 29 / Ýigrimi dokuz
10. Read the texts and translate into English. Check your work with the answer
key.
1. Mening adym Jennet. Men Ashgabatda yashayarin. Men oficiant. Mening jayim bar.
Mening jaying nomeri / belgisi 21.
Meniň adym Jennet. Men Aşgabatda ýaşaýaryn. Men ofitziant. Meniň jaýym bar. Meniň
jaýyň nomeri / belgisi 21.
2. Dovran esger. Ol yashaish jainda yashayar. Onung jay nomeri / belgisi 25.\
Döwran esger. Ol ýaşaýyş jaýynda ýaşaýar. Onuň jaý nomeri / belgisi 25.
3. Onung ady Miwe. Ol mugallym. Ol jayda yashayar. Onung jayining nomeri / belgisi 16.
Onuň ady Miwe. Ol mugallym. Ol jaýda ýaşaýar. Onuň jaýyniň nomeri / belgisi 16.
4. Maryda Dovleting we / bilen Aynanyng jayi bar. Olaryng jaylarining nomeri / belgisi 14.
Maryda Döwletiň we / bilen Aýnanyň jaýy bar. Olaryň jaýlarynyň nomeri / belgisi 14.
11. Listen to the speaker and circle the number you hear in each row.
A. 1 - 10 - 21
B. 2 - 12 - 22
C. 3 - 13 - 23
D. 4 - 14 - 24
E. 5 - 15 - 25
F. 6 - 16 - 26
G. 7 - 17 - 27
H. 8 - 18 - 28
I. 9 - 19 - 29
50
The numbers 30 to 100 have different spelling and endings. For example: 30 - “Otuz”,
80 - “Segsen” .
12. Listen to the next set of numbers. Repeat after the speaker.
30 thirty 30 / Otuz 30 / Otuz

40 forty 40 / Kyrk 40 / Kyrk
50 fifty 50 / Elli 50 / Elli
60 sixty 60 / Altmysh 60 / Altmyş
70 seventy 70 / Yetmish 70 / Ýetmiş
80 eighty 80 / Segsen 80 / Segsen
90 ninety 90 / Togsan 90 / Togsan
100 one hundred 100 / Bir yuz 100 / Bir ýüz
13. Read the following numbers in Turkmen.
30, 31, 40, 42, 50, 53, 60, 64, 70, 75, 80, 86, 90, 97, 100.
When asking younger people or older people about their age, you can say:
How old are you? (formal) – Sen näçe ýaşyňda? (Romanization – Sen nyache
yashyngda, singular), Siz näçe ýaşyňyzda? (Romanization – Siz nyache yashyngizda,
plural, formal), or
What year you were born? – Sen näçenji ýylda dogulduň? (Romanization – Sen
nyachenji yilda doguldung, singular), Siz näçenji ýylda dogulduňyz? (Romanization –
Siz nyachenji yilda doguldungiz, plural, formal).
In the above example, when you ask a person and use the plural form it is considered to
be formal and respectful.
What age? (Less formal) – Ýaşyň näçe ? (Romanization – Yashyng nyache?,
singular), Ýaşyňyz näçe ? (Romanization – Yashyngiz nyache, plural, formal);
What year? –Näçenji ýyl? / haýsy ýyl ?(Romanization – Nyachenji yil? / haysy yil?).
51
14. Listen to several short exchanges asking about ages. Repeat after the
speaker.
1. A. How old are you? 1. A. Sen nache yashyngda 1. A. Sen näçe ýaşyňda ?
? näçe ýaşyňyzda ? (plural,
nyache yashynizda ? formal)
(plural, formal)
B. I am 32 years old. B. Men otuz iki (32) B. Men otuz iki (32)
yashymda ýaşymda.
2. A. How old is he? 2. A. Ol nache yashynda ? 2. A. Ol näçe ýaşynda ?
B. He is 11. B. On bir (11) B. On bir (11)

3. A. How old is she? 3.A.Ol nache yashynda ? 3. A. Ol näçe ýaşynda ?
B. She is 86 years old. B. Ol segsen alty (86) B. Ol segsen alty (86)

yashynda. ýaşynda.
4. A. Is she 34 years old? 4. A. Ol otuz dort (34) 4. A. Ol otuz dört (34)

yashyndami ? ýaşyndamy ?
B. No, she is 35. B. Yok, otuz byash (35). B. Ýok, otuz bäş (35).
5. A. Are you 21? 5. A. Sen yigrimi birmi 5. A. Sen ýigrimi birmi (21) ?
(21) ?
B. Yes, I am 21. B. Hawa, men yigrimi B. Hawa, men ýigrimi bir
bir (21). (21).
6. A. What is your age? 6. A. Sening yashyng 6. A. Seniň ýaşyň näçe ?

nache ? Siziň ýaşyňyz näçe ? (plural,
Sizing yashyngiz nache ? formal)
(plural, formal)
B. I am 47. B. Kyrk yedi (47). B. Kyrk ýedi (47).
15. Tell your classmates in Turkmen how old you are and ask them about their age.
52
16. Listen and match the age with the name. Check your work with the
answer key.
PLAY AUDIO
Jeren 11
Azat Myradovich 72
Maysa Nuryevna 52
Batyr 29
Mekan Sahatovich 43
53
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Listen to the following statements in Turkmen. Answer the questions for

each statement. Pause or replay the audio as necessary until you understand the
relevant information. Check your work with the answer key.
A.
Salam, mening adym Maksat. Men yigrimi alty yashymda. Men politsiya ishgyari.
Salam, meniň adym Maksat. Men ýigrimi alty ýaşymda. Men politsiýa işgäri.
B.
Onung ady Geldi. Ol kyrk yashynda. Ol esger.
Onuň ady Geldi. Ol kyrk ýaşynda. Ol esger.
C.
Onung ady Ayna Saparovna. Ol kyrk dort yashynda. Ol mugallym.
Onuň ady Aýna Saparowa. Ol kyrk dört ýaşynda. Ol mugallym.
1. What is his/her name?

2. How old is he/she?
3. What is his/her profession?
2. Recite the following in Turkmen.
Ask what day it is.

Say what day it is today
Ask someone’s age.
Say how old you are.
54
Vocabulary
Day Gun Gün
Today Bu gun Bu gün
Year Yil Ýyl
Monday Dushenbe / Bash guni Düşenbe (old) / Baş güni
(new)
Tuesday Sishenbe / Yash guni Sişenbe (old) / Ýaş güni
(new)
Wednesday Charshenbe / Hosh guni Çarşenbe (old) / Hoş güni
(new)
Thursday Penshenbe / Sogap guni Penşenbe (old) / Sogap güni
(new)
Friday Anna / Anna guni Anna (old) / Anna güni (new)
Saturday Shenbe / Ruh guni Şenbe (old) / Ruh güni (new)
Sunday Yekshenbe / Dynch guni Ýekşenbe (old) / Dynç güni
(new)
Telephone Telefon Telefon
Number San San
Age Yash Ýaş
Old Garry Garry
How old are you? Sen nache yashyngda ? Sen näçe ýaşyňda ?
Siz nache yashyngizda ? Siz näçe ýaşyňyzda ? (plural,
(plural, formal) formal)
What day is it today? Bu gun haysy gun ? Bu gün haýsy gün ?
Today is Monday. Bu gun Dyushenbe. / Bu gün Düşenbe. (old)
Bu gun Bash guni. Bu gün Baş güni. (new)
I am 25 years old. Men yigrimi byash yashymda. Men ýigrimi bäş ýaşymda.
0 zero 0 nul 0 nul
1 one 1 bir 1 bir
2 two 2 iki 2 iki
3 three 3 uch 3 üç
4 four 4 dort 4 dört
5 five 5 byash 5 bäş
6 six 6 alty 6 alty
7 seven 7 yedi 7 ýedi
8 eight 8 sekiz 8 sekiz
9 nine 9 dokuz 9 dokuz
55
10 ten 10 on 10 on
11 eleven 11 on bir 11 on bir
12 twelve 12 on iki 12 on iki
13 thirteen 13 on uch 13 on üç
14 fourteen 14 on dort 14 on dört
15 fifteen 15 on byash 15 on bäş
16 sixteen 16 on alty 16 on alty
17 seventeen 17 on yedi 17 on ýedi
18 eighteen 18 on sekiz 18 on sekiz
19 nineteen 19 on dokuz 19 on dokuz
20 twenty 20 yigrimi 20 ýigrimi
21 twenty-one 21 yigrimi bir 21 ýigrimi bir
22 twenty-two 22 yigrimi iki 22 ýigrimi iki
23 twenty-three 23 yigrimi uch 23 ýigrimi üç
24 twenty-four 24 yigrimi dort 24 ýigrimi dört
25 twenty-five 25 yigrimi byash 25 ýigrimi bäş
26 twenty-six 26 yigrimi alty 26 ýigrimi alty
27 twenty-seven 27 yigrimi yedi 27 ýigrimi ýedi
28 twenty-eight 28 yigrimi sekiz 28 ýigrimi sekiz
29 twenty-nine 29 yigrimi dokuz 29 ýigrimi dokuz
30 thirty 30 otuz 30 otuz
40 forty 40 kyrk 40 kyrk
50 fifty 50 elli 50 elli
60 sixty 60 altmysh 60 altmyş
70 seventy 70 yetmish 70 ýetmiş
80 eighty 80 segsen 80 segsen
90 ninety 90 togsan 90 togsan
100 one hundred 100 yuz 100 ýüz
56
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 7
1. 4
2. 5
3. 0
4. 3
5. 2
Exercise 10
1. My name is Jennet. I live in Ashgabat. I am a waitress. I have a house. My house

number is 21.
2. Dovran is a soldier. He lives in an apartment building. His apartment number is 25.
3. Her name is Miwe. She is a teacher. She lives in a house. Her house number is 16.
4. Dovlet and Ayna have a house in Mary. Their house number is 14.
Exercise 11
A. 10
B. 12
C. 3
D. 24
E. 5
F. 16
G. 27
H. 18
I. 29
Exercise 16
Maysa Nuryevna is Maysa Nuryevna elli iki Maýsa Nurýewna elli iki
52 years old. (52) yashynda. (52) ýaşynda.
Jeren is 11 on Friday. Jeren Anna guni on bir Jeren Anna güni on bir (11)
(11) yashayar. ýaşaýar.
Is Batyr 30 years old? Batyr otuz (30) Batyr otuz (30) ýaşyndamy ?
No, he is 29. yashyndamy ? Yok, Ýok, ýigrimi dokuz (29).
yigrimi dokuz (29).
Azat Myradovich is Azat Myradovich yetmish Azat Myradowiç ýetmiş iki
72 years old. iki (72) yashynda. (72) ýaşynda.
57
How old is Mekan Mekan Sahatovich nache Mekan Sahatowiç näçe
Sahatovich? He is yashynda? Kyrk uch (43). ýaşynda ? Kyrk üç (43).
43.
A. Hi, my name is Maksat. I am 26 years old. I am a police officer.
Salam, mening adym Maksat. Men yigrimi alty yashymda. Men politsiya ishgyari.
Salam, meniň adym Maksat. Men ýigrimi alty ýaşymda. Men politsiýa işgäri.
B. His name is Geldi. He is 40. He is a soldier.
Onung ady Geldi. Ol kyrk yashynda. Ol esger.

Onuň ady Geldi. Ol kyrk ýaşynda. Ol esger.
C. Her name is Ayna Saparovna. She is 44. She is a teacher.
Onung ady Ayna Saparovna. Ol kyrk dort yashynda. Ol mugallym.

Onuň ady Aýna Saparowa. Ol kyrk dört ýaşynda. Ol mugallym.
58
Daily Activities
Gündeki bolýan zatlar.

- How to ask for and tell time.
- Typical daily activities in Turkmenistan.
- The verbs “to go,” “to study,” “to play,” “to work,” “to watch,” “to read,” “to eat,” and
“to get up.”
- The past tense of the verbs.
In order to tell time in the Turkmen language, we could say, for example: 8:30 – Sagat sekiz otuz
or Sekiz otuz . Also, it is possible to say half past eight – Dokuzyň ýary. We don’t use am/pm.
Instead of that, we say 8:30 evening – 8:30 agşam . Another way is to use military time, where
we would say 20:30.
1. Listen as the speaker tells time in Turkmen. Repeat after the speaker.
What time is it? It is four o’clock. What time is it? It is four fifteen.
Sagat nache ? Shu vagt sagat dort (4:00). Sagat nache? Shu vagt sagat dort on byash (4:15).
Sagat näçe? Şu wagt sagat dört (4:00). Sagat näçe? Şu wagt sagat dört on bäş (4:15).
What time is it? It is four thirty. What time is it? It is four forty-five.
Sagat nache ? Shu vagt sagat dort otuz 4:30). Sagat nache ? Shu vagt sagat dort kyrk byash
(4:45).
Sagat näçe? Şu wagt sagat dört otuz (4:30). Sagat näçe? Şu wagt sagat dört kyrk bäş (4:45).
59
What time is it? It is three twenty. What time is it? It is three forty.
Sagat nache? Shu vagt sagat uch yigrimi 3:20). Sagat nache ? Shu vagt sagat uch kyrk (3:40).
Sagat näçe? Şu wagt sagat üç ýigrimi (3:20). Sagat näçe? Şu wagt sagat üç kyrk (3:40).
2. What time is it? Fill in the clock faces with the correct times according to how they are
listed below, in Turkmen.
A. Üç otuz (3:30) E. On bir otuz (11:30)

uch otuz On bir otuz
B. Sekiz kyrk bäş (8:45) F. On üç elli bäş (13:55)
Sekiz kirk byash On uch elli byash
C. Altydan on minut işleýär(6:10) G. Sagat on iki (12:00)
Altidan on minut ishleyar Sagat on iki
D. Dokuz nol nol (9:00) H. Dört on bäş (4:15)
Dokuz nol nol Dort on byash
A. B. C. D.
E. F. G. H.
60
3. Listen to the following exchanges and identify the clock time mentioned in each.
A. 8:15 - 9:00
B. 9:50 - 9:15
C. 5:10 - 8:50
D. 4:13 - 4:30
E. 7: 50 - 7:10
4. Compose dialogues according to the model below. Work in pairs or in small groups.
Use the times listed below.
Model:
A. Sagat näçe?
Sagat nache ?
B. Şu wagt sagat iki öýlän (2.00 pm)

Shu vagt sagat iki oylan (2.00 pm)
8:00 am – sagat sekiz irden.

7:15 am – sagat ýedi on bäş irden.
10:30 am – sagat on otuz irden.
2:10 pm – sagat iki on öýlän.
4:45 pm – sagat dört kyrk bäş agşam.
6:50 pm – sagat alty elli agşam.
12:00 – sagat on iki
11:05 – sagat on bir nul bäş.
In the Turkmen language, in order to use verbs in the present, past and future tenses we have to
change the endings. For example: I read - Men okaýaryn (Romanization – Men okayarin, Present
tense). I read - Men okadym (Romanization – Men okadim, Past tense). I will read - Men okajak
(Romanization – Men okajak, Future tense).
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I go Men Men barýaryn I study Men okayarin Men
baryarin okaýaryn
you go Sen Sen barýärsyň you study Sen okayarsing Sen
baryarsing okaýarsyň
he goes Ol baryar Ol barýar he studies Ol okayar Ol okaýar
we go Biz baryaris Biz barýarys we study Biz okayaris Biz okaýarys
you go Siz Siz barýarsyňyz you study Siz Siz
baryarsingiz okayarsingiz okaýarsyňyz
they go Olar baryarlar Olar barýarlar they study Olar okayarlar Olar
okaýarlar
I work Men Men işleýärin I watch Men seredyarin Men

ishleyarin seredýärin
you work Sen Sen işleýärsiň you watch Sen seredyang Sen seredýäň
ishleyarsing
he works Ol ishleyar Ol işleýär he watches Ol seredyar Ol seredýär
we work Biz ishleyaris Biz işleýäris we watch Biz seredyaris Biz
seredýäris
you work Siz Siz işleýärsiňiz you watch Siz Siz
ishleyarsingiz seredyarsingiz seredýärsiňiz
they work Olar Olar işleýärler they watch Olar Olar
ishleyarler seredyarler seredýärler
I eat Men iyyarin Men iýýärin I read Men okayarin Men

okaýaryn
you eat Sen iyyarsing Sen iýýärsiň you read Sen okayarsing Sen
okaýarsyň
he eats Ol iyyar Ol iýýär he reads Ol okayar Ol okaýar
we eat Biz iyyaris Biz iýýäris we read Biz okayaris Biz okaýarys
you eat Siz Siz iýýärsiňiz you read Siz Siz
iyyarsingiz okayarsingiz okaýarsyňyz
they eat Olar iyyarler Olar iýýärler they read Olar okayarlar Olar
okaýarlar
I play Men Men oýnaýaryn I get up Men turyarin Men turýaryn

oynayarin
you play Sen Sen oýnaýarsyň you get up Sen turyarsing Sen turýarsyň
oynayarsing
he plays Ol oynayar Ol oýnaýar he gets up Ol turyar Ol turýar
you play Siz Siz oýnaýarsyňyz you get up Siz Siz
oynayarsingiz turyarsingiz turýarsyňyz
they play Olar Olar oýnaýarlar they get up Olar turyarlar Olar turýarlar
oynayarlar
we play Biz oynayaris Biz oýnaýarys we get up Biz turyaris Biz turýarys
62
5. Listen to the short statements that describe each activity in the pictures below.
Repeat after the speaker. Pay attention to new verbs and other new vocabulary.
They play basketball. She goes to the market.

Olar basketbol oynayarlar. Ol magazina / dukana baryar /gidyar.
Olar basketbol oýnaýarlar. Ol magazina / dükana barýar / gidýar.
They study at school. She works in the hospital.

Olar mekdepde okayarlar. Ol keselhanada ishleyar.
Olar mekdepde okaýarlar. Ol keselhanada işleýär.
He plays soccer. The girl eats lunch.

Ol futbol oynayar. Ol gyunortan naharyny iyyar.
Ol futbol oýnaýar. Ol günortan naharyny iýýär.
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The man reads a book. The woman watches television.
Erkek adam kitap okayar. Ayal televizora seredyar.
Erkek adam kitap okaýar. Aýal telewizora seredýär.
In Turkmen, the following are among the prepositions that are used: (in) – içinde
(Romanization – ichinde), (on) – üstünde (Romanization – yustunde), and (under) – aşagynda
(Romanization – ashaginda). For example: The book is on the table – Kitap stoluň üstünde
(Romanization – Kitap stolung ustunde). The bag is on the table – Horjun stoluň üstünde dur
((Romanization –) Horjun stolung ustunde dur). My book is in my bag. – Meniň depderim
horjunyň içinde ((Romanization –) Mening depderim horjuning ichinde). What is under the
table? – Stoluň aşagynda näme bar? (Romanization – Stolung ashaginda nyame bar?)
6. Listen to the following statements in Turkmen and repeat after the speaker.
Follow along in the workbook. Replay the audio if necessary.
A. Arslan goes to school at Arslan sagat yedi otuzda Arlsan sagat ýedi otuzda
7:30. mekdebe baryar / gidyar. (7:30) mekdebe barýär /
gidýär.
B. Maksat eats breakfast at seven Maksat ertirlik naharini Maksat ertirlik naharyny
o’clock. sagat yedide iyyar. sagat ýedide (7:00) iýýär.
C. Selbi watches television in Selbi televizora agsham Selbi telewizora agşam

the evening. seredyar. telewizora.
D. Jennet studies at home in Jennet oyde gundiz okayar. Jennet gündiz öýde okaýar.
the afternoon.
E. Jeren goes to the market in Jeren bazara / dukana irden Jeren bazara / dükana irden
the morning. baryar / gidyar. barýär / gidýär.
F. Serdar plays soccer on Friday. Serdar futbol oynamana Serdar futbol oýnamana
Anna guni baryar / gidyar. Anna güni barýär / gidýär.
G. I get up at 7:00. Men sagat 7:00 (yedide) Men sagat 7:00 (ýedide)
irden turyaryn. irden turýaryn.
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7. Match the following sentences with the pictures below. Check your answers with the
answer key.
1. Men sagat 9:30 (dokuz otuzda) mekdebe barýäryn / gidýäryn.

1. Men sagat 9:30 (dokuz otuzda) mekdebe baryarin / gidyarin.
2. Olar sagat 7:00 (ýedide) ertirlik edinýärler.
Olar sagat 7:00 (yedide) ertirlik edinyarler.
3. Biz irden okaýarys.
Biz irden okayaris.
4. Ol agşam kitaby okaýar.
Ol agsham kitaby okayar.
A #______________ B #_______________
C #____________ D #_________________
8. Read the following text and answer the questions . If you have any difficulty you may go
to the answer key to check the text or the questions in English. Check your answers to the
questions with the answer key.
Myrat okuwchy. Ol mekdepde okayar. Ol sagat 7:15 (yedi on byashde) her gun turyar. Onung
irdenki nahari sagat 7:30 (yedi otuzda). Ol sagat 8:00 (sekizde) mekdebe baryar / gidyar. Ol
mekdepden song basketbol oynayar. Ol agsham televizora seredyar we kitaplary okayar. Ruh
guni / Shenbe we Dynch alysh guni / Yekshenbe Myrat okamayar.
Myrat okuwçy. Ol mekdepde okaýar. Ol sagat 7:15 (ýedi on bäşda) her gün turýar. Onuň irdenki
nahary sagat 7:30 (ýedi otuzda). Ol sagat 8:00 (sekizde) mekdebe barýär / gidýär. Ol mekdepden
soň basketbol oýnaýar. Ol agşam telewizora seredýär we kitaplary okaýar. Ruh güni / Şenbe we
Dynç alyş güni / Ýekşenbe Myrat okamaýär.
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1. Myrat mugallymmy ?
Myrat mugallymmy ?
2. Ol nirede okaýar ?
Ol nirede okayar ?
3. Ol sagat 7:15 (ýedi on bäşde) näme edýar ?
Ol sagat 7:15 (yedi on byashde) nyame edyar ?
4. Onuň ertirlik nahary haçan ?
Onung ertirlik nahary hachan ?
5. Ol sagat 8:00 (sekizde) näme edýar ?
Ol sagat 8:00 (sekizde) nyame edyar ?
6. Ol haçan basketbol oýnaýar ?
Ol hachan basketbol oynayar ?
7. Ol agşam näme edýar ?
Ol agsham nyame edyar ?
8. Ol Ruh güni / Şenbe we Dynç alyş güni / Ýekşenbe okaýarmy ?
Ol Ruh guni / Shenbe we Dynch alysh guni / Yekshenbe okayarmi ?
9. Rearrange the following statements into a logical order for a daily schedule. Check your
1 Gunortanlyk nahar iymage men dostlarim bilen gidyarin.

Günortanlyk nahar iýmäge men dostlarym bilen gidýärin.
2. Men televizora seredyarin.
Men telewizora seredýäryn.
3. Men mekdebe baryarin / gidyarin.
Men mekdebe barýäryn / gidýäryn.
4. Men dostum bilen agshamlyk nahar iyyarin.
Men dostum bilen agşamlyk nahar iýýärin.
5. Men basketbol oynayarin.
Men basketbol oýnaýaryn.
6. Men ertirlik naharymy iyarin
Men ertirlik naharymy iýärin
7. Men oyde okayarin.
Men öýde okaýaryn.
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10. Tell your partner about your daily schedule. Use the words and word combinations
given below.
Her gun Turmak Ertirlik nahar Ishe barmak / Gunortanlyk

iymek gitmek nahar iymek
Her gün Turmak Ertirlik nahar Işe barmak / Günortanlyk
iýmek gitmek nahar iýmek
Basketbol Bazara / Dukana Kitap okamak Televizora Agsham
oynamak barmak / gitmek seretmek
Basketbol Bazara / Dükana Kitap okamak Telewizora Agşam
oýnamak barmak / gitmek seretmek
11. Listen to the five short statements. Circle the English statement that is the
equivalent of each Turkmen statement you hear. Replay the audio as many times as you
need.
1. A. I play soccer after school.

B. I play soccer after dinner.
C. I play soccer after work.
2. A. She goes to the market in the evening.

B. She goes to the market in the afternoon.
C. She goes to the market in the morning.
3. A. I go to work in the morning.

B. I go to school in the morning.
C. I go to the market in the morning.
4. A. I study at home on Saturday.

B. I play soccer at home on Saturday.
C. I eat breakfast at home on Saturday.
5. A. He watches television in the afternoon.

B. He watches television in the evening.
C. He watches television in the morning.
In order to use a verb in the past tense we have to change ending. For example: I study – Men
okaýaryn (Romanization – Men okayarin) (Present Tense), I studied – Men okadym
(Romanization – Men okadim) (Past Tense). We work – Biz işleýäris (Romanization – Biz
ishleyaris) (Present Tense), we worked – Biz işledik (Romanization – Biz ishledik) (Past Tense).
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I went Men bardim / Men bardym / I studied Men okadim Men okadym
gitdim gitdim
you went Sen barding / Sen bardyň / you studied Sen okading Sen okadyň
gitding gitdiň
he went Ol bardi / Ol bardy / he studied Ol okadi Ol okady
gitdi gitdi
we went Biz bardik / Biz bardyk / we studied Biz okadik Biz okadyk
gitdik gitdik
you went Siz bardingiz Siz bardyňyz / you studied Siz okadingiz Siz okadyňyz
/ gitdingiz gitdiňiz
they went Olar bardilar / Olar bardylar / they studied Olar okadilar Olar okadylar
gitdiler gitdiler
I worked Men ishledim Men işledim I watched Men seretdim Men seretdim
you worked Sen ishleding Sen işlediň you watched Sen seretding Sen seretdiň
he worked Ol ishledi Ol işledi he watched Ol seretdi Ol seretdi
we worked Biz ishledik Biz işledik we watched Biz seretdik Biz seretdik
you worked Siz Siz işlediňiz you watched Siz Siz seretdiňiz
ishledingiz seretdingiz
they worked Olar Olar işlediler they watched Olar Olar
ishlediler seretdiler seretdiler
I ate Men iydim Men iýdim I read Men okadim Men okadym
you ate Sen iyding Sen iýdiň you read Sen okading Sen okadyň
he ate Ol iydi Ol iýdi he read Ol okadi Ol okady
we ate Biz iydik Biz iýdik we read Biz okadik Biz okadyk
you ate Siz iydingiz Siz iýdiňiz you read Siz okadingiz Siz okadyňyz
they ate Olar iydiler Olar iýdiler they read Olar okadilar Olar okadylar
I played Men oynadim Men oýnadym I got up Men turdum Men turdum
you played Sen oynading Sen oýnadyň you got up Sen turdung Sen turduň
he played Ol oynadi Ol oýnady he got up Ol turdi Ol turdy
we played Biz oynadik Biz oýnadyk we got up Biz turduk Biz turduk
you played Siz Siz oýnadyňyz you got up Siz turdungiz Siz turduňyz
oynadingiz
they played Olar Olar they got up Olar turdilar Olar turdylar
oynadilar oýnadylar
12. Read the following sentences and translate them into English. Check your work with
the answer key.
1. Dun men mekdebe bardim / gitdim. 1. Düýn men mekdebe bardym / gitdim.
2. Gechen yil men oz dostlarym bilen basketbol 2. Geçen ýyl men öz dostlarym bilen
oynadim basketbol oýnadym.
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3. Gechen hepde biz dukana/magazina gitdik 3. Geçen hepde biz dükana/magazina
gitdik.
4. Men dun sagat dokuzda oyde boldum. / 4. Men düýn sagat dokuzda öýde boldum./
Men dun sagat dokuzda oydedim. Men düýn sagat dokuzda öýdedim.
5. Biz agshamlyk nahary sagat altyda iydik. 5. Biz agşamlyk nahary sagat altyda iýdik.
6. Oglan gechen yil mekdepde matematikani we 6. Oglan geçen ýyl mekdepde
sazy owrendi. matematikany we sazy öwrendi.
7. Gyz duyn televizora seretdi. 7. Gyz düýn telewizora seretdi.
8. Gechen Dynch alysh guni / Yekshenbe men 8. Geçen Dynç alyş güni / Ýekşenbe men
kitap okadim. kitap okadym.
9. Bir yil mundan ong men Parijde boldum. 9. Bir ýyl mundan öň men Pariźde
Bir yil mundan ong men Parijdedim. boldum.
Bir ýyl mundan öň men Pariźdedim.
10. Iki yil mundan ong Ashgabatda bizing jayimiz 10 Iki ýyl mundan öň Aşgabatda biziň
bardi. jaýymiz bardy.
Yesterday – Düýn(Turkmen) – Dun(Romanization)

last year /week /Sunday – geçen ýyl / geçen hepde / geçen Dynç alyş güni/Ýekşenbe (Turkmen)
– gechen yil / gechen hepde / gechen Dynch alysh guni/Yekshenbe (Romanization)
a year ago – Bir ýyl mundan öň (Turkmen) – Bir yil mundan ong (Romanization)
13. Complete the following sentences using the verbs located in the box below. Check your
answers with the answer key.
okadym oýnadym boldum seretdim turdum Bardym / işledim iýdim

gitdim
1. Men düýn sagat ýedide (7:00) ___________________.
2. Men men ertirlik naharymy meniň Ejem(Mother) we Kakam(Father) billen

_________________.
3. Men geçen ýekşenbe magazina ___________________.
4. Men basketbol geçen baş güni / düşenbe ____________________.
5. Men düýn telewizora ____________________.
6. Men geçen ýyl myhmanhanada ___________________.
7. Men mekdepde üç ýyl mundan öň __________________.
8. Men Aşgabatda geçen hepde ______________________.
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14. Listen to the following dialogue and repeat after the speaker. Make up similar
dialogues using the words and word combinations given below. Work in pairs or in small
groups.
A. Sen dun nyame ishleding / etding ?

Siz dun nyame ishledingiz / etdingiz ?
A. Sen düýn näme işlediň / etdiň ?
Siz düýn näme işlediňiz / etdiňiz ? (plural, formal)
B. Men dun televizora seretdim.
B. Men düýn telewizora seretdim.
A. Dun sen nache sagat (hours) / vagt (time) televizora seretding ?
Dun siz nache sagat (hours) / vagt (time) televizora seretdingiz ?
A. Düýn sen näçe sagat (hours) / wagt (time) telewizora seretdiň ?
Düýn siz näçe sagat (hours) / wagt (time) telewizora seretdiňiz ? (plural, formal)
B. Bir sagat
B. Bir sagat
15. Make up similar dialogues using the words and word combinations given below. Work
in pairs or in small groups.
Dun – televizora seretmek – bir sagat Düýn – telewizora seretmek – bir sagat
Dun – magazina gitmek – iki sagat Düýn – magazina gitmek – iki sagat
Gechen yil – myhmanhanada ishlemek Geçen ýyl – myhmanhanada işlemek
– dort hepde – dört hepde
Gechen yil – mekdepde okamak – sekiz hepde Geçen ýyl – mekdepde okamak – sekiz hepde
Gechen Dynch alysh guni / Yekshenbe – kitaby Geçen Dynç alyş güni / Ýekşenbe – kitaby
okamak – bir sagat okamak – bir sagat
Bir yil mundan ong – basketbol oynamak Bir ýyl mundan öň – basketbol oýnamak – alty
– alty hepde hepde
Bir yil mundan ong – Turkmenistanda bolmak Bir ýyl mundan öň – Türkmenistanda bolmak
– iki hepde – iki hepde
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Listen to the following statements read in Turkmen. Circle the times you hear.
1. 6:30 - 5:30
2. 6:00 - 7:00
3. 9:30 - 8:30
4. 5:30 - 5:45
5. in the morning - in the evening
6. 6:00 - 8:00
2. Read the following text in Turkmen. Put T (True) or F (False) next to the statements
that are written below the text. Check your work with the answer key.
Salam. Mening adym Dovlet. Men Ashgabatda yashayarin. Mening kichi jayim bar. Men
mygallym bu mekdepde. Men matematikani we sazy okadyarin. Yash guni / Sishenbe we Sogap
guni / Penshenbe men iki sagat futbol oynayarin. Song men dukana/magazina gidyarin. Sagat
byashde men oyimde. Men agsham televizora seredyarin we iki sagat kitaplari okayarin.
Salam. Meniň adym Döwlet. Men Aşgabatda ýaşaýaryn. Meniň kiçi jaýym bar. Men mygallym
bu mekdepde. Men matematikany we sazy okadýaryn. Ýaş güni / Sişenbe we Sogap güni /
Penşenbe men iki sagat futbol oýnaýaryn. Soň men dükana/magazina gidýäryn. Sagat bäşde men
öýymde. Men agşam telewizora seredýäryn we iki sagat kitap okaýaryn.
1. _______ The man lives in Ashgabat.

2. _______ He lives in small house.
3. _______ He is a student.
4. _______ He studies math and music.
5. _______ Everyday he gets up at 6:00 a.m.
6. _______ He does not have breakfast.
7. _______He is at school at 8:00.
8. _______Dovlet plays soccer on Saturday and Monday for 3 hours.
9. _______He goes shopping after school.
10. ______ In the evening he works for 2 hours.
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3. Describe your daily schedule of activities, including the times, in Turkmen. For
example, start with what time you get up, then eat breakfast, etc. “I get up at 6:00 and eat
breakfast at 6:30. I go to school at …..”
4. Find out what your partner did yesterday at 7:00 am, 7:30 am, 10:00 am, 1:00 pm, 4:00
pm, and 8:00 pm, and how long each activity lasted. Work in pairs or in small groups.
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Vocabulary
After Song Soň
In the morning Irden Irden
In the afternoon Gundiz Gündiz
In the evening Agsham Agşam
Everyday Her gun Her gün
Last week Gechen hepde Geçen hepde
A year ago Bir yil mundan ong Bir ýyl mundan öň
Last Sunday Gechen Dynch alysh guni / Geçen Dynç alyş güni /
(Monday, Tuesday, etc.) Yekshenbe Ýekşenbe
(Bash guni / Dyushenbe, Yash (Baş güni / Düşenbe, Ýaş
guni / Sishenbe, etc.) güni / Sişenbe, etc.)
At school Mekdepde Mekdepde
Math Matematika Matematika
Music Saz Saz
Book Kitap Kitap
Breakfast Ertirlik nahari Ertirlik nahary
Lunch Gunortanlik nahar Günortanlyk nahar
Dinner Agshamlik nahar Agşamlyk nahar
Home Oy Öý
At home Oyde Öýde
Market Bazar, dukan Bazar, dükan
On Sunday Yekshenbe Ýekşenbe
(Monday, Tuesday…) (Bash guni / Dushenbe, Yash guni (Baş güni / Düşenbe, Ýaş
/ Sishenbe…) güni / Sişenbe…)
To go (to) Gitmek / Barmak Gitmek / Barmak
To go shopping Dukana/Magazina gitmek Dükana/Magazina gitmek
To play soccer/basketball Futbol, basketbol oynamak Futbol, basketbol oýnamak
To watch television Televizora seretmek Telewizora seretmek
To eat breakfast Ertirlik edinmek Ertirlik edinmek
(lunch, dinner) (gunortanlik, agshamlik ) nahar (günortanlyk, agşamlyk)
nahar
To get up/wake up Turmak Turmak
To read Okamak Okamak
To study Okamak Okamak
To work Ishlemek Işlemek
What time is it? Sagat nache ? Sagat näçe ?
It is three o’clock. Sagat uch Sagat üç
When Hachan Haçan
Man Erkek Erkek
Woman Ayal Aýal
Boy Oglan Oglan
Girl Gyz Gyz
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Answer Key
Exercise 3
A. 8:15 am
B. 9:50
C. 5:10
D. 4:30 pm
E. 7:10
A. What time is it? It is 8:15 am.

Sagat nache? Shu vagt sagat sekiz on byash irden.
Sagat näçe? Şu wagt sagat sekiz on bäş (8:15) irden.
B. What time is it? It’s 9:50.

Sagat nache? Shu vagt sagat dokuz elli.
Sagat näçe? Şu wagt sagat dokuz elli (9:50).
C. What time is it? It is 5:10.

Sagat nache? Shu vagt sagat byash on.
Sagat näçe? Şu wagt sagat bäş on (5:10).
D. What time is it? It is 4:30 pm.

Sagat nache? Shu vagt sagat dort otuz agsham.
Sagat näçe? Şu wagt sagat dört otuz (4:30) agşam.
E. What time is it? It is 7:10.

Sagat nache? Shu vagt sagat yedi on.
Sagat näçe? Şu wagt sagat ýedi on (7:10).
Exercise 7
A 3. We study in the morning.

B 1. I go to school at 9:30.
C. 2. They eat breakfast at 7:00.
D 4. She reads a book in the evening.
Exercise 8
Myrat is a student. He studies at school. Everyday he gets up at 7:15. He has breakfast at 7:30.
He goes to school at 8:00. After school he plays basketball. He reads books and watches TV in
the evening. Myrat does not study on Saturday and Sunday.
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1. Is Myrat a teacher? Ýok, Myrat talyp.
2. Where does he study? Ol mekdepde okaýar .
3. What does he do at 7:15? Ol sagat 7:15 (ýedi on bäşde) her gün turýar.
4. When does he have breakfast? Onuň ertirlik nahary sagat 7:30 (ýedi otuzda).
5. What does he do at 8:00? Ol sagat 8:00 (sekizde) mekdebe barýär / gidýär.
6. When does he play basketball? Ol mekdepden soň basketbol oýnaýar.
7. What does he do in the evening? Ol agşam telewizora seredýär we kitaplary okaýar.
8. Does he study on Saturday and Sunday? Ýok, Myrat okamaýär Ruh güni / Şenbe we Dynç
alyş güni / Ýekşenbe.
Exercise 9 Your answers may vary.
6. I eat breakfast.
3. I go to school.
1. I go to lunch with my friends.
5. I play basketball.
4. I eat dinner with my friend.
7. I study at home.
2. I watch television.
Before:
1 Gunortanlyk nahar iymage men dostlarim bilen gidyarin.
Günortanlyk nahar iýmäge men dostlarym bilen gidýärin.
I go to lunch with my friends.
2. Men televizora seredyarin.
Men telewizora seredýäryn.
I watch television.
3. Men mekdebe baryarin / gidyarin.
Men mekdebe barýäryn / gidýäryn.
I go to school.
4. Men dostum bilen agshamlyk nahar iyyarin.
Men dostum bilen agşamlyk nahar iýýärin.
I eat dinner with my friend.
5. Men basketbol oynayarin.
Men basketbol oýnaýaryn.
I play basketball.
6. Men ertirlik naharymy iyarin
Men ertirlik naharymy iýärin
I eat breakfast.
7. Men oyde okayarin.
Men öýde okaýaryn.
I study at home.
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Exercise 11
1B I play soccer after dinner. Men futbol oýnaýaryn agşamlyk

nahardan soň
2C She goes to the market in the morning. Ol irden bazara / dükana barýär / gidýär.
3A I go to work in the morning. Men irden işe barýäryn / gidýäryn.
4B I play soccer at home on Saturday. Men futbol oýnaýaryn Ruh güni / Şenbe
güni.
5A He watches television in the afternoon. Ol gündiz telewizora seredýär
Exercise 12
1. Yesterday I went to school.

2. Last year my friends and I played basketball.
3. They went shopping last week.
4. I was at home at 9:00 yesterday.
5. We ate dinner at 6:00 yesterday.
6. The boy studied music and math at school last year.
7. The girl watched television yesterday.
8. Last Sunday I read a book.
9. I was in Paris a year ago.
10. We had a house in Ashgabat two years ago.
Exercise 13
1. Turdum Turdum I got up at 7:00 yesterday.

2. Iýdim Iydim I ate breakfast with my parents.
3. Gitdim / Bardym Gitdim / Bardym I went shopping last Sunday.
4. Oýnadym Oynadym I played basketball last Monday.
5. Seretdim Seretdim I watched television yesterday.
6. Boldum Boldum I was at the hotel last year.
7. Okadym Okadym I studied at school three years ago.
8. Gitdim / Bardym Gitdim / Bardym I went to Ashgabat last week.
1. We eat breakfast at 6:30. Alty otuzda biz ertirlik Alty otuzda (6:30) biz ertirlik
naharimizi iydik. naharymyzy iýdik.
2. I go to school at 7:00. Sagat yedide men mekdebe Sagat ýedide (7:00) men
gidyarin. mekdebe gidýäryn.
3. You go to work at 9:30. Dokuz otuzda sen ishe Dokuz otuzda (9:30) sen işe
gidyarsing. gidýärsyň.
Dokuz otuzda siz ishe Dokuz otuzda siz işe
gidyarsingiz. gidýärsyňyz (plural, formal).
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4. He plays soccer at 5:45. Byash kirk byashde ol futbol Bäş kyrk bäşde (5:45) ol
oynayar. futbol oýnaýar.
5. They went to the market Irden olar bazara / dukana Irden olar bazara / dükana
in the morning. gitdiler. gitdiler.
6. They watched television Sekizde olar televizora Sekizde (8:00) olar
at 8:00. seretdiler. telewizora seretdiler.
Exercise 2
1. T The man lives in Ashgabat.

2. T He lives in small house.
3. F He is a student.
4. F He studies math and music.
5. T Everyday he gets up at 6:00 a.m.
6. F He does not have breakfast.
7. T He is at school at 8:00.
8. F Dovlet plays soccer on Saturday and Monday for 3 hours.
9. T He goes shopping after school.
10. F In the evening he works for 2 hours.
Hello. My name is Dovlet. I live in Ashgabat. I have a small house. I am a teacher at this
school. I teach math and music. Everyday I get up at 6:00 a.m. I eat breakfast and go to school.
I am at school at 8:00 a.m. On Tuesday and Thursday I play soccer for 2 hours. After school, I
go shopping. I am home at 5:00. In the evening I watch TV for an hour and read books for 2
hours.
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Meeting the Family

Maşgala bilen duşuşyk

- The kinship terms used for immediate and extended family.
- How to ask and answer simple questions about family members.
- The pronouns “who,” “this,” “that,” “these,” and “those.”
Family, as an integral part of any society, plays an important role in the life of the modern Turkmen society.
Love and respect have been cultivated in Turkmen families since time immemorial. Even now, it would be
uncommon to find a family with parents living the rest of their days in old people's homes. It's typical and
honorable for every Turkmen family to live with their great grandparents, grandparents and their grown-up
children and grandchildren. These days, many young families prefer independence from their parents, although
not necessarily in a financial way.
While some 10-15 years ago, a Turkmen family could be called patriarchal, the situation has greatly changed
now. At present the modern Turkmen family appears more matriarchal, due to the growing role of Turkmen
women in the social life of the country. As they are widely involved in the different spheres of life: politics,
economy and education, as well as becoming breadwinners, they are also taking a leading role in their own
families. Having large families with 5-10 children was encouraged by society some 15-20 years ago. The
current norm for an ordinary Turkmen family is to have 2-3 children at maximum, as the new standards of life
set different requirements.
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1. Look at these photos of families. Listen to the kinship terms and repeat after the speaker.
Family Mashgala Maşgala

Parents Ene-ata Ene-ata
Mother Eje Eje
Father Kaka Kaka
Children Chagalar Çagalar
Daughter Gyz Gyz
Son Ogul Ogul
Grandparents Garry ene-ata Garry ene-ata
Grandfather Garry ata / ata (father‘s side) Garry ata / ata (father‘s side)
Baba (mother‘s side) Baba (mother‘s side)
Grandmother Garry ene / ene (father‘s side) Garry ene / ene (father‘s side)
Mama (mother‘s side) Mama (mother‘s side)
Sister Ayal dogan / gyz dogan (more common) Aýal dogan / gyz dogan (more common)
(elder sister) (elder sister)
Uya / gyz jigi (younger sister) Uýa / gyz jigi (younger sister)
Brother Dogan (more common), Dogan (more common),
erkek dogan / oglan dogan / aga (elder Erkek dogan / oglan dogan / aga (elder
brother) brother)
Ini / Oglan jigi (younger brother) Ini / Oglan jigi (younger brother)
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Who –– Kim –– Kim
This –– Bu –– Bu
These –– Bular –– Bular
That –– Ol, shol ––Ol, şol
Those –– Ol, shol –– Ol, şol
In Turkmen there is no corresponding word for the demonstrative pronoun “those.” The meaning of plurality
can be expressed in the following way - ol/shol + the noun in the plural, for example: those books – ol / şol
kitaplar (Romanization – ol / shol kitaplar), those people – ol / şol adamlar (Romanization ol / shol adamlar).
2. Listen to the following dialogues and repeat them after the speaker. Role-play the dialogues
using the pictures above.
1. A. Who is this? 1. A. Bu kim ? 1. A. Bu kim ?

B. This is my mother. B. Bu mening ejem. B. Bu meniň ejem.
2. A. Who is that? 2. A. Ol kim ? 2. A. Ol kim ?

B. That is my sister. B. Ol mening gyz doganym. B. Ol meniň gyz doganym.
3. A. Who are they? 3. A. Olar kim ? 3. A. Olar kim ?

B. They are my B. Olar mening enem-atam. B. Olar meniň enem-atam.
parents.
4. A. Who are they? 4. A. Olar kim ? 4. A. Olar kim ?

B. They are my B. Olar mening Garry enem-atam. B. Olar meniň Garry enem-atam.
grandparents.
3. Translate the following sentences into English. Check your work with the answer key.
1. Meniň ejemiň we kakamyň bir ogly bilen iki gyzy bar.

1. Mening ejeming we kakaming bir ogly bilen iki gyzy bar.
2. Men garry enem we atam bilen uly jaýda ýaşaýaryn.
2. Men garry enem we atam bilen uly jayda yashayaryn.
3. Onuň ejesi bilen kakasy Maryda ýasaýarlar. Olar işçiler.
3. Onung ejesi bilen kakasy Maryda yashayarlar. Olar ishchiler.
4. Meniň iki erkek doganym bar. Olar esger. Olar harby düşelgede ýaşaýarlar.
4. Mening iki erkek doganym bar. Olar esger. Olar harby dushelgede yashayarlar.
5. Onuň aýal dogany / gyz dogany (elder sister) bar.
Onuň uýasy / gyz jigisi (younger sister) bar.
Onuň ady Selbi.
5. Onung ayal dogany / gyz dogany (elder sister) bar.
Onung uyasy / gyz jigisi (younger sister) bar.
Onung ady Selbi.
6. Meniň erkek doganym 30 ýaşynda. Onuň ogly hem gyzy bar.
6. Mening erkek doganym 30 yashynda. Onung ogly hem gyzy bar.
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4. Talk about your mother/father/sister/brother/grandfather/grandmother according to the scheme
below:
1. name
2. age
3. occupation
4. where they live (city and type of residence).
Model:
Bu meniň kakam. Onuñ ady Wepa. Ol kyrk sekiz (48) ýaşynda. Ol mugallym. Ol Türkmenbaşyda ýaşaýar.
Onuň kiçi jaýy bar.
Bu mening kakam. Onung ady Vepa. Ol kyrk sekiz (48) yashynda. Ol mugallym. Ol Turkmenbashyda yashayar.
Onung kichi jayi bar.
5. Create questions in the target language that apply to the following answers. Check your work with
the answer key for some suggested questions.
1. __________________?
Hawa, bu meniň doganym.
Hawa, bu mening doganym.
2. __________________?
Onuň ady Serdar.
Onung ady Serdar.
3. ___________________?
Ol Türkmenabatda ýaşaýar.
Ol Turkmenabatda yashayar.
4. ___________________?
Ol lukman.
Ol lukman.
5. ____________________?
Ol Düşenbe/Baş güni işe gidýär.
Ol Dyushenbe/Bash guni ishe gidyar.
6. _____________________?
Ýok, ol Sişenbe/Yaş güni beýsbol oýnaýar.
Yok, ol Sishenbe/Yash guni beysbol oynayar.
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6. Listen to the audio. Circle the word you hear. Check your work with the answer key.
1. mother - father
2. daughter - son
3. family - parents
4. children - grandparents
5. sister - brother
6. grandmother - grandfather
7. Listen and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in the workbook.
Husband Ari / adamsy Äri / adamsy

Wife Ayal Aýal
Married Oylenen (about men) Öýlenen (about men)
Durmusha chykan (about women) Durmuşa çykan (about women)
Unmarried/Single Oylenmedik (about men) Öýlenmedik (about men)
Durmusha chykmadyk (about women) Durmuşa çykmadyk (about women)
8. Fill in the blanks using the words written in the boxes below. Check your answers with the answer
key.
1.
Ogly Bäş ýaşynda Otuz ýaşynda Onuň Öýlenen Onuň Lukman

(about men)
Durmuşa
çykan (about
women
Ogly Byash Otuz Onung Oylenen Onung Lukman

yashynda yashynda (about men)
Durmusha
chykan
(about
women)
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Meniň doganym ____________. Onuň aýaly _____________. ________ ady Jemal. Ol ___________.
Olaryň ______________ bar. Ol __________. __________ ady Begenç.
Mening doganym ____________. Onung ayaly _____________. ________ ady Jemal. Ol ___________.
Olaryng ______________ bar. Ol __________. __________ ady Begench.
2.
Öýlenen Onuň Sekiz Iki Onuň Aýal dogany / On Esger Olaryň

(about men) ýaşynda gyzy gyz dogany ýaşynda
Durmuşa (more common)
çykan (about (elder sister)
women) Uýasy / gyz
jigisi (younger
sister)
Oylenen Onung Sekiz Iki Onung Ayal dogany / On Esger Olaryng

(about men) yashynda gyzy gyz dogany yashynda
Durmusha (more common)
chykan (elder sister)
(about Uyasy / gyz jigi
women) (younger sister)
Gözeliň________________ bar. ______ ady Mehri. Ol ______________.
Onuň äri / adamsy _______________. _______ ady Döwran. Olaryň iki ________________.
_________ atlary Jennet we Maýsa. Jennet ulysy we _______. Maýsa _____________.
Gozeling _______________ bar. _______ ady Mehri. Ol ______________.

Onung ari / adamsy ______________. ________ ady Dovran. Olaryng iki _________________.
__________ atlary Jennet we Maysa. Jennet ulysy we _______. Maysa _____________.
9. Make up short stories, in Turkmen, about the people listed below.
1. Bahar - Durmuşa çykan, otuz bir (31) ýaşynda, onuň äri / adamsy, işçi, ogly we gyzy.
1. Bahar - Durmusha chykan, otuz bir (31) yashynda, onung ari / adamsy, ishchi, ogly we gyzy.
2. Mergen - Öýlenen, ýigrimi sekiz ýaşynda, onuň aýaly, mugallym, çagalar ýok.
2. Mergen - Oylenen, yigrimi sekiz yashynda, onung ayaly, mugallym, chagalar yok.
3. Sallah / durmuşa çykmadyk, ýigrimi ýaşynda, enesi-atasy bilen, talyp, erkek dogan / dogan.
3. Sallah / durmusha chykmadyk, yigrimi yashynda, enesi-atasy bilen, talyp, erkek dogan /
dogan.
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10. Read several short dialogues as people answer questions about their family members. Circle the
correct answer for each question. Check your work with the answer key.
1. A. Ol kim ?
B. Ol meniň ejem / gyz doganym / garry enem / enem (father‘s side) mamam (mother‘s side).
1. A. Ol kim ?
B. Ol mening ejem / gyz doganym / garry enem / enem (father‘s side) mamam (mother‘s side).
2. A. Ol durmuşa çykanmy?
B. Ýok, ol ýeke özi (durmuşa çykmadyk) / lukman / ýigrimi bäş ýaşynda.
2. A. Ol durmusha chykanmy?
B. Yok, ol yeke ozi (durmusha chykmadyk) / lukman / yigrimi byash yashinda.
3. A. Ol kim ?
B. Ol meniň aýalym / meniň ärim (adamsy) / meniň kakam.
3. A. Ol kim ?
B. Ol mening ayalym / mening arim (adamsy) mening kakam.
4. A. Ol öýlenenmi ?
B. Hawa, ol öýlenen / sallah (öýlenmedik) / esger.
4. A. Ol oylenenmi ?
B. Hawa, ol oylenen / sallah (oylenmedik) / esger.
5. A. Olar kim ?
B. Olar meniň enem-atam / meniň çagalarym / meniň garry enem bilen atam.
5. A. Olar kim ?
B. Olar mening enem-atam / mening chagalarym / mening garry enem bilen atam.
6. A. Olar nirede ýaşaýarlar ?
B. Olar kazarmalarda / harby düşelgede / öyde ýaşaýarlar.
6. A. Olar nirede yashayarlar ?

B. Olar kazarmalarda / harby dushelgede / oyde yashayarlar.
7. A. Seniň erkek doganlaryň / doganlaryň barmy ?
Siziň erkek doganlaryňyz / doganlaryňyz barmy ? (plural, formal)
B. Hawa, meniň iki doganym / iki gyz doganym / iki oglum bar.
7. A. Sening erkek doganlaryng / doganlaryng barmy ?

Sizing erkek doganlaryngyz / doganlaryngyz barmy ?
B. Hawa, mening iki doganym / iki gyz doganym / iki oglum bar.
8. A. Ol kim ?
B. Ol meniň aýalym / ejem / ärim (adamsy).
8. A. Ol kim ?
B. Ol mening ayalym / ejem / arim (adamsy).
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9. A. Onuň çagalary barmy ?
B. Hawa, onuň iki erkek dogany (doganlary) / iki gyz dogany / iki ogly bar.
9. A. Onung chagalary barmy ?
B. Hawa, onung iki erkek dogany (doganlary) / iki gyz dogany / iki ogly bar.
Conjunctions are auxiliary, or function, words that connect homogeneous parts of the sentence or components
of complex sentences. The conjunctions we, hem, bilen are called the coordinating conjunctions. They are
translated into English as and. The conjunction “we” connects homogeneous parts, components of the
composite sentences, and expresses the relationship of enumeration and succession. For example – Myradyň,
Jereniň we Maralyň kitaplary (Romanization - Myradyng, Jerening we Maralyng kitaplary) - Murat,
Jeren and Maral's books. It is hardly used in the spoken language. The conjunction “hem” is most commonly
used in the Turkmen language. This conjunction, connecting homogeneous parts or components of the
composite sentences, points to the enumeration, succession or alternation of the actions. In this case it is
synonymous with the conjunction “we”. For example: Nazar, Juma hem Wepa (Romanization - Nazar,
Juma hem Wepa) - Nazar, Juma and Wepa. The conjunction “bilen” also has the function of the
coordinating conjunction. It can be changed by the conjunctions “we” and “hem.” When the homogeneous
parts are connected by “bilen,” then the first component is used in the nominative case. For example: Çary
bilen Nazaryň (Romanization - Chary bilen Nazaryng). But when the homogeneous parts are connected by
the conjunctions “we”, or “hem,” then the first component can be used either with the declensional ending
added to the first component, or without it. For example: Aýnanýň hem Jemalyň (Romanization Aynanyng
hem Jemalyng).
11. Read and translate the text. Put T (True) or F (False) next to the statements below. Check your
Myradyň garry enesi we atasy bar (father’s side). Myradyň mamasy we babasy bar (mother’s side). Olar Myrad
hem onuň maşgalasy bilen ýaşaýarlar. Myradyň erkek doganlary ýok. Onuň iki sany gyz dogany bar. Olar
student. Myrat öýlenen. Onuñ aýaly doktor. Myrat bilen aýalynyň gyzy hem ogly bar.
1. ________Myradyň Myradyng.
2. ________ Myrat öýlenen Myrat oylenen.
3. ________Onuň iki aýal dogany / gyz dogany (elder Onung iki ayal dogany / gyz dogany (elder
sister) uýalar / gyz jigisi (younger sister) bar. sister) uyalar / gyz jigisi (younger sister) bar.
4. ________ Myrat we onuň aýaly talyp. Myrat we onung ayaly talyp.
5. ________ Myrat lukman. Myrat lukman.
6. ________ Myradyň iki çagasy bar. Myradyng iki chagasy bar.
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Give a brief description, in Turkmen, of your immediate family. Include the age, name, and
profession of each person, and tell whether each person is married or single, and where he/she lives. If
you want to, use real pictures of your family members.
2. Ask your classmate, in Turkmen, about his/her mother/father/sister/brother/etc. What are their
names, how old are they, where do they live, and what are their professions.
3. Work in small groups. Describe the pictures below. Use new vocabulary.
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Vocabulary
Parents Ata - Ene Ata - Ene
Father Kaka Kaka
Mother Eje Eje
Children Chagalar Çagalar
Son Ogul Ogul
Daughter Gyz Gyz
Brother Erkek dogan / oglan dogan / aga Erkek dogan / oglan dogan /
(elder brother) / aga (elder brother) /
ini / Oglan jigi ini / Oglan jigi
(younger brother) (younger brother)
Sister Ayal dogan / gyz dogan (more Aýal dogan / gyz dogan (more
common) (elder sister) / common) (elder sister) /
uya / gyz jigi (younger sister) uýa / gyz jigi (younger sister)
Grandparents Garry ene - ata Garry ene - ata
Grandmother Garry ene / ene (father‘s side) Garry ene / ene (father‘s side)
Mama (mother‘s side) Mama (mother‘s side)
Grandfather Garry ata / ata (father‘s side) Garry ata / ata (father‘s side)
Baba (mother‘s side) Baba (mother‘s side)
Husband Ari / adamsy Äri / adamsy
Wife Ayal Aýal
Married Oylenen (about men) Öýlenen (about men)
Durmusha chykan (about Durmuşa çykan (about
women) women)
Unmarried/single Oylenmedik (about men) Öýlenmedik (about men)
Durmusha chykmadyk (about Durmuşa çykmadyk (about
women) / (eke ozi) women) / ( ýeke özi)
Who is this/that? Bu kim ? Bu kim ?
Ol kim ? Ol kim ?
Who are these/those? Bular kim ? Bular kim ?
Olar kim ? Olar kim ?
This/that is… Bu…. Bu….
Ol…. Ol….
These/those are… Bular…. Bular….
Olar…. Olar….
Uncle Aga (father’s brother) Aga (father’s brother)
Dayi (mother’s brother) Daýy (mother’s brother)
Aunt Ejeke / ekeji (father’s sister) Ejeke / ekeji (father’s sister)
Dayza / bibi (mother’s sister) Daýza / bibi (mother’s sister)
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 3
1. My mother and father have one son and two daughters.

2. I live with my grandparents in a big house.
3. His parents live in Mary. They are laborers.
4. I have two brothers. They are soldiers. They live in a military camp.
5. She has a sister. Her name is Selbi.
6. My brother is 30 years old. He has a son and a daughter.
Exercise 5. These are some possible questions. Yours may vary slightly.
Is this your brother?

1. Ol seniň doganyňmy ? 1. Ol sening doganyngmy ?
Bu siziň doganyňyzmy ? Bu sizing doganyngyzmy ? Yes, this is my brother.
(plural, formal)
Hawa, bu meniň doganym. Hawa, bu mening doganym.

What is his name?
2. Onuň ady näme ? 2. Onung ady name ? His name is Serdar.
Onuň ady Serdar. Onung ady Serdar.
Where does he live?
3. Ol nirede ýaşaýar ? 3. Ol nirede yashayar ? He lives in
Ol Türkmenabatda ýaşaýar. Ol Turkmenabatda yashayar. Turkmenabatda.
What is his occupation?
4. Ol näme iş bilen 4. Ol name ish bilen meshgullanyar ?
meşgullanýar ? Ol lukman. He is a doctor.
Ol lukman.
When does he go to
5. Ol haçan işe gidýär ? 5. Ol hachan ishe gidyar ? work?
Ol Düşenbe/Baş güni işe Ol Dyushenbe/Bash guni ishe He goes to work on
gidýär. gidyar. Monday.
Does he work on
6. Ol Sişenbe/Ýaş güni 6. Ol Sishenbe/Yash gyuni ishleyarmi? Tuesday?
işleýärmi ?
Yok, ol Sishenbe/Yash guni beysbol No, he plays baseball on
Ýok, ol Sişenbe/Ýaş güni oynayar. Tuesday.
beýsbol oýnaýar.
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Exercise 6
1. Father Kaka
Kaka
2. Daughter Gyz
Gyz
3. Family Maşgala
Mashgala
4. Grandparents Garry ene-ata
Garry ene-ata
5. Sister Aýal dogan / gyz dogan (more common) (elder sister)
Uýa / gyz jigi (younger sister)
Ayal dogan / gyz dogan (more common) (elder sister)

Uya / gyz jigi (younger sister)
6. Grandfather Garry ata / ata (father‘s side)
Baba (mother‘s side)
Garry ata / ata (father‘s side)

Baba (mother‘s side)
Exercise 8
1. Meniň doganym öýlenen (about men). Onuň aýaly otuz (30) ýaşynda. Onuň ady Jemal. Ol lukman.
Olaryň ogly bar. Ol bäş (5) ýaşynda. Onuň ady Begenç.
1. Mening doganym oylenen (about men). Onung ayaly otuz (30) yashynda. Onung ady Jemal. Ol lukman.
Olaryng ogly bar. Ol byash (5) yashynda. Onung ady Begench.
1. My brother is married. His wife is 30 years old. Her name is Jemal. She is a doctor.
They have a son. He is 5 years old. His name is Begench.
2. Gözeliň aýal dogany / gyz dogany (elder sister)

uýasy / gyz jigisi (younger sister) bar. Onuň ady Mähri. Ol durmuşa çykan (about women).
Onuň äri / adamsy esger. Onuň ady Döwran. Olaryň iki gyzy bar.
Olaryň adylary Jennet we Maýsa. Jennet ulysy ol on (10) ýaşynda. Maýsa sekiz (8) ýaşynda .
2 .Gozeling ayal dogany / gyz dogany (elder sister)

uyasy / gyz jigisi (younger sister) bar. Onung ady Mehri. Ol durmusha chykan (about women).
Onung ari / adamsy esger. Onung ady Dovran. Olaryng iki gyzy bar.
Olaryng adylary Jennet we Maysa. Jennet ulysy, ol on (10) yashynda. Maysa sekiz (8) yashynda .
2. Gozel has a sister. Her name is Mehri. She is married.

Her husband is a soldier. His name is Dovran. They have two daughters.
Their names are Jennet and Maysa. Jennet is older and is 10 years old. Maysa is 8 years old.
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Exercise 10
1. Who is she? She is my sister.

2. Is she married? No, she is single.
3. Who is he? He is my husband.
4. Is he married? Yes, he is.
5. Who are they? They are my children.
6. Where do they live? They live in the apartment.
7. Do you have any brothers? Yes, I have two brothers.
8. Who is that? That is my wife.
9. Does she have any children? Yes, she has two sons.
1. Ol kim ? Ol meniň aýal doganym / gyz doganym (elder sister)

uýam / gyz jigim (younger sister)
1. Ol kim ? Ol mening ayal doganym / gyz doganym (elder sister) uyam / gyz jigim (younger sister).
2. Ol durmuşa çykanmy ? Ýok, ol eke özi / durmuşa çykmadyk.

2. Ol durmusha chykanmy ? Yok, ol eke ozi / durmusha chykmadyk.
3. Ol kim ? Ol meniň ärim / adamym.
3. Ol kim ? Ol mening arim / adamym.
4. Ol öýlenenmi ? Hawa.
4. Ol oylenenmi ? Hawa.
5. Olar kim ? Olar meniň çagalarym.

5. Olar kim ? Olar mening chagalarym.
6. Olar nirede ýaşaýarlar ? Olar öýde ýaşaýarlar.

6. Olar nirede yashayarlar ? Olar oyde yashayarlar.
7. Seniň erkek doganyň / doganlaryň barmy ?

Siziň erkek doganlaryňyz / doganlaryňyz barmy ? (plural, formal)
Hawa, meniň iki doganym bar.
7. Sening erkek doganyng / doganlaryng barmy ?
Sizing erkek doganlaryngyz / doganlaryngyz barmy ?
Hawa, mening iki doganym bar.
8. Ol kim ? Ol meniň aýalym.

8. Ol kim ? Ol mening ayalym.
9. Onuň çagalary barmy ? Hawa, onuň iki ogly bar.

9. Onung chagalary barmy ? Hawa, onung iki ogly bar.
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Exercise 11
1. F Myrat has parents.

2. T Myrat is married.
3. T He has two sisters.
4. F Myrat and his wife are students.
5. F Myrat is a doctor.
6. T Myrat has two children.
Myrat has a grandfather and a grandmother. They live with Myrat and his family. Myrat has no brothers. He
has two sisters. They are students. Myrat is married. His wife is a doctor. Myrat and his wife have a daughter
and a son.
91
Around Town
Şäheriň içine gezelenç

- Cardinal directions.
- Names of urban buildings and landmarks.
- How to ask and answer questions about the location of places and buildings.
1. Listen to and repeat the cardinal directions.
North Demirg Demir

azyk gazyk
Northwest Demirgazy Demirgazyk Northeast Demirgazyk- Demirgazyk
k- -günbatar gyundogar -gündogar
gyunbatar
West Gunbatar Günbatar East Gundogar Gündogar
Southwest Gunorta- Günorta- Gunorta- Günorta-

gunbatar Southeast gundogar
günbatar gündogar
South Gunorta Günorta
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2. Listen to the following sentences and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in
your workbook.
Ashgabat is South of Turkmenistan. Ashgabat Turkmenistanyng gunortasynda.

Aşgabat Türkmenistanyň günortasynda
Mary is South of Turkmenistan. Mary Turkmenistanyng gunortasynda.
Mary Türkmenistanyň günortasynda.
Turkmenabat is East of Turkmenistan. Turkmenabat Turkmenistanyng
gundogarynda.
Türkmenabat
Türkmenistanyň gündogarynda.
Dashoguz is North of Turkmenistan. Dashoguz Turkmenistanyng demirgazygynda
Daşoguz Türkmenistanyň demirgazygynda
3. Work with a partner. Tell each other where certain cities or locations are, in relation to
other cities or locations. Compose sentences according to the exercise above and the model
below.
Model:
Los Angeles is south of San Francisco.
Los Angeles San Franciskaň günortasynda.
Los Angeles San Franciskang gunortasynda.
The apartment building is east of the military camp.
Ýaşaýyş jaýy harby düşelge gündogarynda.
Yashaish jayi harby dushelge gundogarynda.
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4. Topographical features, urban buildings and landmarks are useful reference
points when getting to know a new area or for giving or receiving directions. Listen to a
list of common sites and features. Repeat after the speaker while following along in the
workbook.
Airport Aeroport Aeroport

Bank Bank Bank
Building Jay / Ymarat Jaý / Ymarat
House Oy Öý
Bus station Avtobus duralgasy Awtobus duralgasy
Train station Demir yol duralgasy Demir ýol duralgasy
Police station Politsiya bolyumi Politsiýa bölümi
Café Chayhana aýhana
Church/mosque/temple Buthana, kilise /Metjit / Buthana, kilise /Metjit /
Ybadathana Ybadathana
Movie theater Kinoteatr Kinoteatr
Hospital Keselhana Keselhana
Market Bazar Bazar
Pharmacy Dermanhana Dermanhana
Post office Pochta Poçta
Store Zat saklanyan jay Zat saklanýan jaý
Park Seyil bagy Seýil bagy
Factory Zawod / Fabrika Zawod / Fabrika
Bridge Kopri Köpri
Field Meydan / Meydancha Meýdan / Meýdança
Forest Tokay Tokaý
Lake Kol Köl
Mountain Dag Dag
River Derya Derýa
5. Match the English word in the left column with the Target Language equivalent in the
right column. Check your work with the answer key.
.
1. Airport Zawod / Fabrika A. Zawod / Fabrika
2. Bank Keselhana B. Keselhana
3. Bus Station Aeroport C. Aeroport
4. Café Dermanhana D. Dermanhana
5. Church Naharhana E. Naharhana
6. Movie Theater Park / Seyil bagy F. Park / Seýil bagy
7. Factory Pochta G. Poçta
8. Hospital Avtobus duralgasy H. Awtobus duralgasy
9. Park Bank I. Bank
10. Pharmacy Ҫaýhana J. Chayhana
11. Post Office Kinoteatr K. Kinoteatr
12. Restaurant Buthana / Kilise L Buthana / Kilise
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6. Translate the following sentences from the Target Language into English. Check your
1. Bazar bankyň günortasynda ýerleşýar. / Bazar bankyň günorta tarapynda ýerleşýar.

1. Bazar bankyng gunortasynda yerleshyar. / Bazar bankyng gunorta tarapyndan yerleshyar.
2. Derýa dagyň gündogaryndan akýar/geçýar. / Derýa dagyň gündogar tarapyndan

akýar/geçýar.
2. Derya dagyng gundogaryndan akyar/gechyar. / Derya dagyng gundogar tarapynda
akyar/gechyar.
3. Aeroport myhmanhananyň günbatarynda ýerleşýar. / Aeroport myhmanhananyň günbatar

tarapynda ýerleşýar.
3. Aeroport myhmanhananyng gunbatarynda yerleshyar. / Aeroport myhmanhananyng
gunbatar tarapynda yerleshyar.
4. Dag bilen köl tokaýyň gündogarynda ýerleşýar. / Dag bilen köl tokaýyň gündogar
4. Dag bilen kol tokaying gundogarynda yerleshyar. / Dag bilen kol tokaying gundogar
tarapynda yerleshyar.
5. Derýa daýhan hojalygynyň günortasynda ýerleşýar. / Derýa daýhan hojalygynyň günorta

tarapynda erleshýär.
5. Derya dayhan hojalygynyng gunortasynda yerleshyar. / Derya dayhan hojalygynyng
gunorta tarapynda yerleshyar.
6. Kinoteatr keselhananyň gündogarynda ýerleşýar. / Kinoteatr keselhananyň gündogar

6. Kinoteatr keselhananyng gundogarynda yerleshyar. / Kinoteatr keselhananyng gundogar
tarapynda yerleshyar.
7. Köl seýil bagyň demirgazygynda ýerleşýar. / Köl seýil bagyň demirgazyk tarapynda
ýerleşýar.
7. Kol seyil bagyng demirgazygynda yerleshyar. Kol seyil bagyng demirgazyk tarapynda
yerleshyar.
7. Practice composing and pronouncing the vocabulary. Create sentences according to the
model. Use the words below.
Model:
Seýil bagy poçtaň gündogarynda ýerleşýär. / Seýil bagy poçtaň gündogar tarapynda ýerleşýär.
Seyil bagy pochtang gundogarynda yerleshyar. / Seyil bagy pochtang gundogar tarapynda
yerleshyar.
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1. Aeroport - gündogarynda - köl
Aeroport kölüň gündogarynda ýerleşýär. / Aeroport kölüň gündogar tarapynda ýerleşýär.
1. Aeroport - gundogarynda - kol

Aeroport kolung gundogarynda yerleshyar. / Aeroport kolung gundogar tarapynda yerleshyar.
2. Bank - günortasynda - keselhana

Bank keselhananyň günortasynda ýerleşýär. / Bank keselhananyň günorta tarapynda ýerleşýär.
2. Bank - gunortasynda - keselhana

Bank keselhananyng gunortasynda yerleshyar. / Bank keselhananyng gunorta tarapynda
yerleshyar.
3. Dermanhana - günbatarynda - poçta

Dermanhana poçtaň günbatarynda ýerleşýär. / Dermanhana poçtaň günbatar tarapynda
ýerleşýär.
3. Dermanhana - gunbatarynda - pochta

Dermanhana pochtang gunbatarynda yerleshyar. / Dermanhana pochtang gunbatar tarapynda
yerleshyar.
4. Köpri - demirgazygynda - derýa

Köpri derýanyň demirgazygynda ýerleşýär. / Köpri derýanyň demirgazyk tarapynda ýerleşýär.
4. Kopri - demirgazygynda - derya

Kopri deryanyng demirgazygynda yerleshyar. / Kopri deryanyng demirgazyk tarapynda
yerleshyar.
5. Awtobus duralgasy - gündogarynda - politsiýa bölümi

Awtobus duralgasy politsiýa bölüminyň gündogarynda ýerleşýär. / Awtobus duralgasy
politsiýa bölüminyň gündogar tarapynda ýerleşýär.
5. Avtobus duralgasy - gundogarynda - politsiya bolumi
Avtobus duralgasy politsiya boluminyng gundogarynda yerleshyar. / Avtobus duralgasy
politsiya boluminyng gundogar tarapynda yerleshyar.
6. Kärhana - günortasynda - dag
Kärhana dagyň günortasynda ýerleşýär. / Kärhana dagyň günorta tarapynda ýerleşýär.
6. Karhana - gunortasynda - dag

Karhana dagyng gunortasynda yerleshyar. / Karhana dagyng gunorta tarapynda yerleshyar.
7. Daýhan hojalygy - günbatarynda - meýdan

Daýhan hojalygy meýdanyň günbatarynda ýerleşýär. / Daýhan hojalygy meýdanyň günbatar
tarapynda ýerleşýär.
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7. Dayhan hojalyk - gunbatarynda - meydan
Dayhan hojalygy meydanyng gunbatarynda yerleshyar. / Dayhan hojalygy meydanyng
gunbatar tarapynda yerleshyar.
8. Seýil bagy - demirgazygynda - köl

Seýil bagy kölüň demirgazygynda ýerleşýar. / Seýil bagy kölüň demirgazyk tarapynda
ýerleşýar.
8. Seyil bagy - demirgazygynda - kol

Seyil bagy kolung demirgazygynda yerleshyar. / Seyil bagy kolung demirgazyk tarapynda
yerleshyar.
8. Listen to the speaker and circle the term you hear. Check your answers with the
answer key.
1. north west south
2. bank park bridge
3. train station bus station airport
4. restaurant café factory
5. post office pharmacy hospital
6. church movie theater factory
7. lake river farm
9. Listen to the following words and word combinations and repeat after the speaker.
Follow along in your workbook.
In front of.….. Ongyunde… Öňünde…

In front of the house Jaying ongyunde Jaýyň öňünde
Next to….. Yanynda… Ýanynda…
Next to the library Kitaphananyng yanynda Kitaphananyň ýanynda
Between…… and…… Arasynda… Arasynda…
There is a bus stop between Kitaphana bilen Kitaphana bilen
the library and the pharmacy. dermanhanang arasynda dermanhanaň arasynda
avtobus duralgasy bar. awtobus duralgasy bar.
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Around the corner from…… Burchung arkasynda … Burçuň arkasynda…
The bank is around the Burchung arkasynda bank Burçuň arkasynda bank bar /
corner. bar / yerleshyar. ýerleşýar.
Across from…… Garshysynda… Garşysynda…
There is a shop across from Bankyng garshysynda Bankyň garşysynda dükan
the bank. dukan bar. bar.
Where is the gas station? Gas alynyan stansiya

nirede? Gas alynýan stansiýa nirede?
In front of the building. Jaying ongyunde. Jaýyň öňünde.
Next to the building. Jaying yanynda. Jaýyň ýanynda.
Around the corner from… Burchung arkasynda. Burçuň arkasynda.
Across from… Garshysynda… Garşysynda…
10. Listen and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in your workbook. Then
translate them into English. Check your work with the answer key.
1. Köl nirede? (ýerleşýär?) Köl tokaýyň ýanyndan geçýär.

1. Kol nirede? (yerleshyar?) Kol tokaying yanyndan gechyar.
2. Bazar nirede? Bazar politsiýa bölümi bilen buthanaň arasynda.

2. Bazar nirede? Bazar politsiya bolumi bilen buthanang arasynda.
3. Poçta nirede ? Poçta keselhanaň burçunyň arkasynda.

3. Pochta nirede ? Pochta keselhanang burchunyng arkasynda.
4. Demir ýol duralgasy nirede? Demir ýol duralgasy seýil bagyň garşysynda.
4. Demir yol duralgasy nirede? Demir yol duralgasy seyil bagyng garshysynda.
5. Caýhana nirede? Myhmanhananyň öňünde.

5. Chayhana nirede? Myhmanhananyng ongyunde.
11. Work with a partner and compose similar dialogues using the words below. Role-play
your dialogues.
Model:
A. Bagyşlaň, jenap, seýil bagy nirede ? / Bagyşlaň, jenap, seýil bagy nirede ýerleşýar ?
(plural, formal)
A. Bagyshlang, jenap, seyil bagy nirede ? / Bagyshlang, jenap, seyil bagy nirede yerleshyar ?
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B. Seýil bagy keselhanaň öňünde.
B. Seyil bagy keselhanang ongyunde.
A. Sag bol
A. Sag boluň (plural, formal)
A. Sag bol
A. Sag bolung
1. seýil bagy - öňünde - keselhana

1. seýil bagy - ongyunde - keselhana
2. aeroport - garşysynda - awtobus duralgasy

2. aeroport - garshysynda - avtobus duralgasy
3. tokaý - ýanynda - dag

3. tokay - yanynda - dag
4. politsiýa bölümi - burçuň arkasynda - kinoteatr

4. politsiya bolyumi - burchung arkasynda - kinoteatr
5. buthana - arasynda - kärhana bilen seýil bagy

5. buthana - arasynda - karhana bilen seyil bagy
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Translate each phrase into Turkmen. Check your work with the answer key.
A. The restaurant is next to the hotel.
B. The park is north of the lake.
C. The bank is between the church and the bus station.
D. The market is south of the bridge.
E. The café is across from the bookstore.
F. The field is in front of the farm.
2. Work with a partner or in small groups. In Turkmen, compose a list of the facilities on
your base. Then draw a schematic map of the base. Now describe the locations of each
facility. Use the following vocabulary: a store, a hospital, a police station, a movie theater,
a park, a hotel, a church, an airfield, a restaurant, a forest, and your language training
facility. Use the prepositions: between, next to, across from, in front of.
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Vocabulary
Where Nirede Nirede
North Demirgazyk Demirgazyk
South Gunorta Günorta
East Gundogar Gündogar
West Gunbatar Günbatar
Mountain Dag Dag
Lake Kol Köl
River Derya Derýa
Forest Tokay Tokaý
Bridge Kopri Köpri
Store Zat saklanyan jay / Zat saklanýan jaý /
Saklawhana Saklawhana
Market Bazar Bazar
Church/mosque/temple Buthana, kilise / Metjit / Buthana, kilise / Metjit /
Ybadathana Ybadathana
Restaurant Naharhana Naharhana
Café Chayhana Ҫaýhana
Park Seyil bagy Seýil bagy
Bank Bank Bank
Airport Aeroport Aeroport
Train station Demir yol duralgasy Demir ýol duralgasy
Bus station Avtobus stansiyasy Awtobus stansiýasy
Pharmacy Dermanhana Dermanhana
Hospital Keselhana Keselhana
Movie Theater Kinoteatr Kinoteatr
Factory Karhana Kärhana
Farm Hususy dayhanchylyk Hususy daýhançylyk hojalygy
hojalygy / Hojalyg / Hojalyg
Post office Pochta Poçta
Field Meydan / Meydancha Meýdan / Meýdança
Police station Politsiya bolyumi Politsiýa bölümi
In front of Ongyunde Öňünde
Next to Yanynda Ýanynda
Between Arasynda Arasynda
Around the corner from Burchung arkasynda Burçuň arkasynda
Across from Garshysynda Garşysynda
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 5
1. C
2. I
3. H
4. J
5. L
6. K
7. A
8. B
9. F
10. D
11. G
12. E
Exercise 6
1. The market is south of the bank

2. The river is east of the mountains.
3. The airport is west of the hotel.
4. The mountains and lakes are east of the forest.
5. The river is south of the farm.
6. The movie theater is east of the hospital.
7. The lake is north of the park.
Exercise 8
1. north
2. bridge
3. bus station
4. café
5. post office
6. church
7. farm
1. demirgazyk
1. demirgazyk
2. köpri
2. kopri
3. awtobus duralgasy
3. avtobus duralgasy
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4. cayhana
4. chayhana
5. poçta
5. pochta
6. buthana / kilise
6. buthana / kilise
7. daýhan hojalygy 7.
7. dayhan hojalygy
Exercise 10
1. Where is the lake? The lake is next to the forest.

2. Where is the market? The market is between the police station and the church.
3. Where is the post office? The post office is around the corner from the hospital.
4. Where is the train station? The train station is across from the park.
5. Where is the café? It is in front of the hotel.
A. Naharhana myhmanhanaň ýanynda (ýerleşýär).

A. Naharhana myhmanhanang yanynda (yerleshyar).
B. Seýil bagy kölüñ demirgazygynda (ýerleşýär). / Seýil bagy kölüñ demirgazyk tarapynda
(ýerleşýär).
B. Seyil bagy kolyung demirgazygynda (yerleshyar). Seyil bagy kolyung demirgazyk
tarapynda (yerleshyar).
C. Bank buthana bilen awtobus duragasynyň arasynda (ýerleşýär).

C. Bank buthana bilen avtobus duralgasynyng arasynda (yerleshyar).
D. Bazar köpriň günortasynda (ýerleşýär). / Bazar köpriň günorta tarapynda (ýerleşýär).

D. Bazar kopring gunortasynda (yerleshyar). / Bazar kopring gunorta tarapynda(yerleshyar).
E. Ҫaýhana kitaphanaň garşysynda (ýerleşýär).

E. Chayhana kitaphanang garshysynda (yerleshyar).
F. Meýdan daýhan hojalygyň öňünde (ýerleşýär).

F. Meydan dayhan hojalygyng ongyunde (yerleshyar).
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Shopping
Zat satyn alma

- Customs and practices accepted in the Turkmenistan marketplaces.
- Names of foods and stores.
- How to make purchases in Turkmenistan shops.
- The verbs “to want,” “to buy,” “to pay,” and “to take.”
- The modal verb “can.”
The economy can be characterized as volatile. Increases in prices, and increases in salary, due to regular staff
reductions, have created economic instability.
The local currency in Turkmenistan is the Manat.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Turkmenistan established its own monetary units – manat and tenge, the
latter, although officially recognized, is no longer in circulation. There is a large gap between the official
exchange rate and the black market exchange rate. One dollar exchanged at the official rate would be 5,200
manats, while the same dollar exchanged on the black market could be anywhere from 23,800 – 24,000 manats.
These are the bills and coins that are currently in circulation:
500 – coins/bills
1,000 – coins/bills
5,000 – bills
10,000 - bills
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1. Listen to the following vocabulary and repeat after the speaker.
Banan Armyt Pomidor Yer almasy
Banan Armyt Pomidor Ýer almasy
Gatyk Mesge Yumurtga Peynir
Gatyk Mesge Ýumurtga Peýnir
Yarma Chorek Sheker Dongdurma
Ýarma Çörek Şeker Doňdurma
Balyk Towuk
Balyk Towuk
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2. Work in pairs or in small groups. Ask your partner what foods he/she has at home. Use the model
below.
Model:
A. Sening oyungde nyame bar?

Sizing oyungizde nyame bar?
A. Seniň oýüňde näme bar?

Siziň oýüňizde näme bar? (plural, formal)
B. Mende banan, pomidor we yer almasy bar.

B. Mende banan, pomidor we ýer almasy bar.
3. Familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the speaker and follow along in the
workbook. Look at the pictures and try to guess the meaning of the underlined words.
Bu iýmit harytlar dükany. Maýsa iýmit harytlar Batyr iýmit harytlar

satylýan dükanynda işleýär. satylýan dükanynda işleýär.
Ol gaznaçy. Ol satyjy.
Bu iymit harytlar dukany. Maysa iymit harytlar satylyan Batyr iymit harytlar satylyan
dukanynda ishleyar. Ol dukanynda ishleyar. Ol
gaznachy. satyjy.
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Maral geýim-gejim satylýan dükanynda Mergen geýim-gejim satylýan dükanynda
işleýär. Ol satyjy. işleýär. Ol gaznaçy.
Maral geyim-gejim satylyan dyukanynda Mergen geyim-gejim satylyan dyukanynda

ishleyar. Ol satyjy. ishleyar. Ol gaznachy.
Did you understand the underlined words?
Iýmit harytlar dükany - means grocery store

Gaznaçy - means cashier
Satyjy - means salesperson
Geýim-gejim dükany - means clothing store
Shops in Turkmenistan are very much the same as in any other countries in the world, with the exception of say
a dollar store or something similar to that, which are not typical in Turkmenistan. There are however, a lot of
shops like grocery stores, butcher shops, pastry shops, liquor stores, hardware stores, variety stores, bookstores,
video stores, gift shops, sporting goods stores, shoe stores and even different department stores, where a number
of shops are concentrated in one place for the sake of convenience.
4. Work in pairs or in small groups. Make up dialogues using the model below.
Model
A. Mekan nirede işleýär ?
A. Mekan nirede ishleyar ?

A. Where does Mekan work?
B. Mekan geýim-gejim satylýan bolüminde işleýär.
B. Mekan geyim-gejim satylyan bolyuminde ishleyar.

B. Mekan works at the grocery store.
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I want to buy…
Meniň …… satyn alasym gelýär
Mening ….. satyn alasym gelyar.
.
You want to buy….
Seniň …… satyn alasyň gelýär
Sening …… satyn alasyng gelyar.
He wants to buy….
Onuň …… satyn alasy gelýär.
Onung …… satyn alasy gelyar.
She wants to buy….

Onuň …… satyn alasy gelýär.
Onung …… satyn alasy gelyar.
We want to buy…
Biziň ……satyn alasymyz gelýär.
Bizing ……satyn alasymyz gelyar.
They want to buy….
Olaryň…… satyn alasy gelýär.
Olaryng…… satyn alasy gelyar.
5. Familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the speaker and follow along in the
workbook. Look at the pictures and try to guess the meaning of the underlined words.
Leýlanyň kitap satyn alasy gelýär. Ol kitap Batyryň sagat alasy gelýär. Ol sowgat
dükanynda. dükanynda.
Leylanyng kitap satyn alasy gelyar. Ol kitap Batyryng sagat alasy gelyar. Ol sowgat
dukanynda. dukanynda.
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Did you understand the underlined words?
kitap dükany means bookstore

kitap dukany means bookstore
sagat means clock
sagat means clock
sowgat dükany means gift store
sowgat dukany means gift store
6. Match each Turkmen sentence in the left column with the English equivalent in the right column.
Check your answers with the answer key.
1. Meniň çörek hem mesge satyn alasym gelýär. A. Nazar wants to buy fish.
1. Mening chorek hem mesge satyn alasym gelyar.

B. They want to buy cheese.
2. Batyryň kitap alasy gelýär.
2. Batyryng kitap alasy gelyar.

C. I want to buy bread and butter.
3. Nazaryň balyk alasy gelýär.
3. Nazaryng balyk alasy gelyar.

D. My sister wants to buy clothes.
4. Wepanyň sagat alasy gelýär.
4. Vepanyng sagat alasy gelyar.

E. Vepa wants to buy a clock.
5. Biziň sowgat satyn alasymyz gelýär.
5. Bizing sowgat satyn alasymyz gelyar.

F. Batyr wants to buy a book.
6. Olaryň peýnir satyn alasy gelýär.
6. Olaryng peynir satyn alasy gelyar.

G. We want to buy a gift.
7. Meniň gyz doganymyň / gyz jigimiň geýim-gejim
alasy gelýär.
7. Mening gyz doganymyng / gyz jigiming geyim-

gejim alasy gelyar.
The word “loaf” is borrowed from Russian, there is no corresponding word for it in Turkmen; a loaf of bread –
bir buhanka chorek, or bir chorek.
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A pound or kilo of Yarym kilo / bir kilo armyt Ýarym kilo / bir kilo armyt
pears
A box of cereal Bir gap yarma Bir gap ýarma
A bag of potatoes Bir halta yer almasy Bir halta ýer almasy
A loaf of bread Bir chorek Bir çörek
A bottle of water Bir chuyshe suw Bir çüýşe suw
A carton of milk Bir gap suyt Bir gap süýt
A dozen eggs On iki sany yumurtga / 12 On iki sany ýumurtga / 12
yumurtga ýumurtga
7. Work with a partner or in small groups. Pretend that you are planning to have a surprise birthday
party for one of your classmates. You need to buy some food and gifts. Make a shopping list and tell
your partner in Turkmen what you want to buy.
How much is this?

munung bahasy nyache?
munuň bahasy näçe?
People in Turkmenistan do not haggle in department stores or grocery stores, but they do haggle in flea markets.
How much is sugar?

Shekering bahasy nyache?
Şekeriň bahasy näçe?
Shekerlering bahasy nyache?
Şekerleriň bahasy näçe? (plural, formal)
How much are oranges?

Pyrtykalyng nyacheden?
Pyrtykalyň näçeden?
Pyrtykallaryng nyacheden?
Pyrtykallaryň näçeden? (plural, formal)
8. Listen to the following dialogue and repeat after the speaker.
A. Excuse me. I want to buy cheese. How much is it?

Bagyşla. Men peýnir aljak. Bahasy näçe?
Bagyşlaň. Men peýnir aljak. Bahasy näçe? (plural, formal)
Bagyshla. Men peynir aljak. Bahasy nyache?
Bagyshlang. Men peynir aljak. Bahasy nyache?
B. A pound of cheese is 40,000 manat.
Ýarym kilo peýniriň bahasy kyrk müň manat (40.000 manat).
Yarym kilo peyniring bahasy kyrk mung manat (40.000 manat).
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A. Thank you.
Sag bol /
Sag boluň (plural, formal)
Sag bol /
Sag bolung
B. You are welcome.
Baş üstüne
Bash ustune.
9. Pretend you want to buy the items listed below. One of your classmates is a salesperson. Role-play an
“In the Shop” dialogue using the dialogue above as a model. Work in pairs or in small groups.
1. Ýarym kilo armyt - on müň manat (10.000 manat).

1. Yarym kilo armyt - on mung manat (10.000 manat).
2. Ýarym kilo balyk - ýigrimi bäş müň manat bilen segsen müň manat aralygy (around 25.000 – 80.000 manat).
2. Yarym kilo balyk - yigrimi byash mung manat bilen segsen mung manat aralygy (around 25.000 – 80.000
manat).
3. Bir halta ýer almasy- alty müň manat – ýedi müň manat aralygy (around 6.000 – 7.000 manat).
3. Bir halta yer almasy- alty mung manat – yedi mung manat aralygy (around 6.000 – 7.000 manat).
4. Bir çüýşe suw - bäş müň manat (5.000 manat).

4. Bir chuyshe suw - byash mung manat (5.000 manat).
5. Bir gap süýt - otuz alty müň manat (36.000 manat).

5. Bir gap suyt - otuz alty mung manat (36.000 manat).
6. Bir çörek - bir ýarym müň manat (bir müň bäş ýüz manat ) – iki müň manat (1.500-2.000 manat)
6. Bir chorek - bir yarym mung manat (bir myung byash yuz manat ) – iki mung manat (1.500-2.000 manat)
7. On iki ýumurtga – on sekiz müń manat (18.000 manat).

7. On iki yumurtga – on sekiz mung manat (18.000 manat).
10. Complete the sentences using the words in the box. Check your answers with the answer key.
geýim-gejim iýmit harytlary kitap dükany sowgat satylýan söwda merkezi

satylýan dükan satylýan dükan dükan
1. Meniň enem-atam sowgatlar ______________________ satyn alýarlar.

Meniň ejem bilen kakam sowgatlar ______________________ satyn alýarlar.
1. Mening enem-atam sowgatlar ______________________ satyn alyarlar.
Mening ejem bilen kakam sowgatlar ______________________ satyn alyarlar.
2. Olar pomidory we ýer almasyny __________________ satyn alýarlar.
2. Olar pomidory we yer almasyny __________________ satyn alyarlar.
3. Meniň erkek doganym / inim kitap ________________________ satyn alýar.
3. Mening erkek doganym / inim kitap ________________________ satyn alyar.
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4. Meniň gyz doganym hem men geýimlerimizi ___________________ satyn alýarys.
4. Mening gyz doganym hem men geyimlerimizi ___________________ satyn alyarys.
5. Biz geýimleri, kitaplary hem sowgatlary __________________ alyp bileris.
5. Biz geyimleri, kitaplary hem sowgatlary __________________ alyp bileris.
11. Listen to the following sentences and circle the words you hear. Check your answers with the
answer key.
1. I buy books in the clothing store / bookstore.
2. My sister buys gifts at the gift store / grocery store.
3. My mother buys sugar at the gift store / grocery store across from the bank.
4. My grandparents buy milk and butter at the bookstore / grocery store.
5. We buy clothes, books, and gifts at the department store/ bookstore.
I can read Men okap bilyarin Men okap bilýärin

You can read Sen okap bilyarsing Sen okap bilýärsyň
He can read Ol okap bilyar Ol okap bilýär
She can read Ol okap bilyar Ol okap bilýär
We can read Biz okap bilyaris Biz okap bilýärys
You can read Siz okap bilyarsingiz Siz okap bilýärsiňiz
They can read Olar okap bilyarler Olar okap bilýärlar
“To take” – “almak”
The verb “almak,” as well as the other verbs, has different endings with different pronouns. For example:
I take – They take –
Men alyaryn Olar alyarlar
Men alýaryn Olar alýarlar
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12. a) Listen to the following dialogue and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in the workbook.
A. Hello. I want to buy a loaf of bread. How much is it?

A. Salam. Meniň bir çörek satyn alasym gelýär. Bahasy näçe ?
A. Salam. Mening bir chorek satyn alasym gelyar. Bahasy nyache ?
B. It is 2,000 manat.
B. Iki müň manat.
B. Iki mung manat.
A. Can I pay with a credit card?

A. Kredit kartasy bilen tölesem bolarmyka?
A. Kredit kartasy bilen tolesem bolarmyka?
B. I’m sorry, but we only take cash.

B. Bagyşlaň, biz nagt pul alýarys.
B. Bagyshlang, biz nagt pul alyarys.
b) Role-play the dialogue. Make up similar dialogues using the words below.
1. two bottles of water

iki çüýşe suw
iki chuyshe suw
2. a book
bir kitap
bir kitap
3. a carton of milk
bir gap süýt
bir gap suyt
4. a pound of cheese
ýarym kilo peýnir
yarym kilo peynir
5. a dozen eggs
on iki ýumurtga
on iki yumurtga
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13. Listen to and read along with the dialogue, then answer the follow-up questions. Check your
Batyr: Salam, Leýla!

Batyr: Salam, Leyla!
Leyla: Salam, Batyr!

Leyla: Salam, Batyr!
Batyr: Sen nirä barýärsyň?

Siz nirä barýärsyňyz? (plural, formal)
Batyr: Sen nirya baryarsyng?
Siz nirya baryarsyngyz?
Leyla: Men iýmit harytlar dukanyna barýäryn.

Leyla: Men iymit harytlar dukanyna baryaryn.
Batyr: Seniň näme satyn alasyň gelýär?

Siziň näme satyn alasyňyz gelýär? (plural, formal)
Batyr: Sening nyame satyn alasyng gelyar?
Sizing nyame satyn alasyngyz gelyar?
Leyla: Meniň çörek, iki çüýşe suw hem ýarym kilo armyt satyn alasym gelýär. Sen nirä barýärsyň? / Siz
nirä barýärsyňyz? (plural, formal)
Leyla: Mening chorek, iki chuyshe suw hem yarym kilo armyt satyn alasym gelyar. Sen nirya baryarsyng? / Siz
nirya baryarsyngyz?
Batyr: Men söwda merkezine barýäryn.

Batyr: Men sowda merkezine baryaryn.
Leyla: Seniň näme satyn alasyň gelýär?

Siziň näme satyn alasyňyz gelýär? (plural, formal)
Leyla: Sening nyame satyn alasyng gelyar?
Sizing nyame satyn alasyngyz gelyar?
Batyr: Meniň garry atama (father’s side) / babama (mother’s side) sowgat alasym gelýär. Meniň kitap
ýa-da sagat alasym gelýär.
Batyr: Mening garry atama (father’s side) / babama (mother’s side) sowgat alasym gelyar. Mening kitap ya-da
sagat alasym gelyar.
Leyla: Men sowgatlary sowgat satylýan dükandan alýaryn.

Leyla: Men sowgatlary sowgat satylyan dukandan alyaryn.
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Questions:
1. Where is Leyla going?

2. What does she want to buy?
3. Where is Batyr going?
4. What does he want to buy?
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Translate the following into Turkmen. Check your work with the answer key.
A. Where do you buy tomatoes and potatoes?

B. Do you take credit cards? No, we only take cash.
C. I will buy the gift for my sister in the clothing store.
D. How much is a loaf of bread? - 2.000 müň manat
2. In Turkmen, tell where you buy groceries/gifts/books/clothes.
3. What would you tell a salesperson in Turkmenistan if you wanted to buy a carton of milk/a watch/a
dozen eggs? How would you ask the price of each item? Role-play the dialogue.
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Vocabulary
How much …? Bahasy nyache …? Bahasy näçe …?
It is ….. . Bu… Bu…
I want to buy… Mening …… satyn alasym Meniň …… satyn alasym
gelyar gelýär
As well Shonung yaly / Shonung bilen Şonuň ýaly / Ş́onuň bilen
birlikde / Edil sholar yaly birlikde / Edil şolar ýaly
Banana Banan Banan
Butter Mesge Mesge
Chicken Towuk Towuk
Fish Balyk Balyk
Ice cream Dongdurma Doňdurma
Milk Suyt Süýt
Tomato Pomidor Pomidor
Pear Armyt Armyt
Potato Yer almasy Ýer almasy
Sugar Sheker Şeker
Cereal Yarma Ýarma
Cheese Peynir Peýnir
Eggs Yumurtga Ýumurtga
A pound or kilo of cheese Yarym kilo/bir kilo peynir Ýarym kilo/bir kilo peýnir
A bag of potatoes Bir halta yer almasy Bir halta ýer almasy
A loaf of bread Bir chorek Bir çörek
A bottle of water Bir chuyshe suw Bir çüýşe suw
A dozen eggs On iki sany yumurtga On iki sany ýumurtga
A box of cereal Gap yarma Gap ýarma
A carton of milk Bir gap suyt Bir gap süýt
Department Store Sowda merkezi Söwda merkezi
Clothing Store Geyim-gejim satylyan dukan Geýim-gejim satylýan
dükan
Grocery Store Iymit harytlary satylyan dukan Iýmit harytlary satylýan
dükan
Bookstore Kitap dukany Kitap dükany
Bread Chorek Çörek
Credit card Kredit kartasy Kredit kartasy
Cash Nagt pul Nagt pul
Cashier Gaznachy Gaznaçy
Salesperson Satyjy Satyjy
To buy Satyn almak Satyn almak
To take Almak Almak
To pay for Tolemek Tölemek
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 6
1. C I want to buy bread and butter.

2. F Batyr wants to buy a book.
3. A Nazar wants to buy fish.
4. E Vepa wants to buy a clock.
5. G We want to buy a gift.
6. B They want to buy cheese
7. D My sister wants to buy clothes.
Exercise 10
1. Meniň ejem bilen kakam Menin ejem bilen kakam My parents buy gifts at the gift
sowgatlary sowgat satylýan sowgatlary sowgat satylyan store.
dükandan satyn alýarlar. dukandan satyn alyarlar.
2. Olar pomidor we ýer almasyny Olar pomidor we yer almasyny They buy tomatoes and potatoes at
iýmit harytlary satylýan dükandan iymit harytlary satylyan dukandan the grocery store.
satyn alýarlar. satyn alyarlar.
3. Meniň erkek doganym/inim Menin erkek doganym/inim My brother buys books at the
kitaplary kitap dükanyndan satyn kitaplary kitap dukanyndan satyn bookstore.
alýar. alyar.
4. Meniň gyz doganym hem men Menin gyz doganym hem men My sister and I buy clothes at the
geýim-gejimizi geýim-gejim geyim-gejimizi geyim-gejim clothing store.
satylýan dükandan satyn alýarys. satylyan dukandan satyn alyarys.
5. Biz geýimleri, kitaplary hem Biz geyimleri, kitaplary hem We can buy clothes, books and
sowgatlary söwda merkezinden sowgatlary sowda merkezinden gifts at the department store.
alyp bileris. alyap bileris.
Exercise 11
1. Men kitaplary kitap dükanyndan Men kitaplary kitap I buy books in the bookstore.
satyn alýaryn. dukanyndan satyn
alyaryn.
2. Meniň gyz doganym sowgatlary Menin gyz doganym My sister buys gifts at the gift store.
sowgat satylýan dükandan satyn sowgatlary sowgat
alýar. satylyan dukandan
satyn alyar.
3. Meniň ejem şekeri bankyň Mening ejem shekeri My mother buys sugar at the grocery store
garşysyndaky iýmit harytlary bankyng garshysyndaky across from the bank.
satylýan dükandan satyn alýar. iymit harytlary satylyan
dukandan satyn alyar.
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4. Meniň garry enem bilen Mening garry enem My grandparents buy milk and butter at the
atam(father’s side) / mamam bilen bilen atam(father’s grocery store.
babam(mother’s side) süýdi iýmit side) / mamam bilen
harytlary satylýan dükandan satyn babam(mother’s side)
alýarlar. syuydi iymit harytlary
satylyan dukandan
satyn alyarlar.
5. Biz geýimleri, kitaplary hem Biz geyimleri, kitaplary We buy clothes, books, and gifts at the
sowgatlary söwda merkezinden hem sowgatlary sowda department store.
satyn alýarys. merkezinden satyn
alyarys.
Exercise 13
1. Leyla is going to the grocery store.

2. She wants buy bread, two bottles of water, and a pound of pears.
3. Batyr is going to the department store.
4. He wants to buy a book or a clock.
Hello, Leýla.
Hello, Batyr!
Where are you going?
I am going to the grocery store.
What do you want to buy?
I want to buy bread, two bottles of water, and a pound of pears. Where are you going?
I am going to the department store.
What do you want to buy?
I want to buy a gift for my grandfather. I want to buy a book or a clock.
I buy gifts at the gift store.
A. Seniň pomidor we ýer almasyny nireden satyn alasyň gelýär?

Siziň pomidor we ýer almasyny nireden satyn alasyňyz gelýär? (plural, formal)
A. Sening pomidor we yer almasyny nireden satyn alasyng gelyar?
Sizing pomidor we yer almasyny nireden satyn alasyngyz gelyar?
B. Sen kredit kartasy bilen alýarsyňmy? Kredit kartasy bilen tölesem bolarmyka? Ýok, biz nagt pul alýarys.
Siz kredit kartasy bilen alýarsyňyzmy? (plural, formal) Kredit kartasy bilen tölesem bolarmyka? Ýok, biz
nagt pul alýarys.
B. Sen kredit kartasy bilen alyarsyngmy? Kredit kartasy bilen tolesem bolarmyka? Yok, biz nagt pul alyarys.
Siz kredit kartasy bilen alyarsyngyzmy? Kredit kartasy bilen tolesem bolarmyka? Yok, biz nagt pul
alyarys.
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C. Men gyz doganyma / gyz jigime (younger sister) sowgat geýim-gejim satylýan dükanyndan satyn alýaryn.
C. Men gyz doganyma / gyz jigime (younger sister) sowgat geyim-gejim satylyan dukanyndan satyn alyaryn.
D. Bir çöregiň bahasy näçe? 2.000 müň manat

D. Bir choreging bahasy nyache? 2.000 mung manat
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Eating Out
Öýden daşarda naharlanmak

- Eating out in a restaurant in Turkmenistan.
- Various menu items.
- How to order menu items.
- Different table service items.
Eating out is becoming more popular among the people of Turkmenistan these days. A number of private cafes
and restaurants have opened in the country in recent years. They offer different kinds of food – Turkmen,
Turkish, Armenian and even Chinese cuisine. Traditional ethnic meals served in cafes are plov, chorba,
barbecue, ishlekli (meat pie), borek (raviolli), manty (steam boiled meat pockets) with different vegetable
garnishes. Modern cafes and restaurants, with good interior design and high-level service, have become places
of attraction not only for foreigners, but for locals as well.
1. Look at the restaurant menu below. Repeat the words after the speaker, and follow along in the
workbook.
Small World Restaurant
Ýigrimi müň manat

(20.000)
Soup Chorba Çorba
Yigrimi myung manat
(20.000)
Ýigrimi bäş müň
manat (25.000)
Salad Ishda achar Işdä açar
Yigrimi byash myung
manat (25.000)
(20.000)
Hamburger Gamburger Gamburger
Yigrimi myung manat
(20.000)
On müň manat
(10.000)
Fried potatoes Gowurlan yer almasy Gowurlan ýer almasy
On myung manat
(10.000)
On müň manat
(10.000)
On myung manat
Pasta noodles Tayar ash Taýar aş
(10.000)
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Otuz bäş müň manat
(35.000)
Chicken Towuk Towuk
Otuz byash myung
manat (35.000)
(35.000)
Mutton Goyun eti Goýun eti
Otuz byash myung
manat (35.000)
(35.000)
Fish Balyk Balyk
Otuz byash myung
manat (35.000)
manat (25.000)
Ice Cream Dongdurma Doňdurma
Yigrimi byash myung
manat (25.000)
manat (25.000)
Cake Tort / Kyoke Tort / Köke
Yigrimi byash myung
manat (25.000)
On bäş müň manat
(15.000)
Orange Juice Portakal suwy Portakal suwy
On byash myung
manat (15.000)
On bäş müň manat
(15.000)
Apple Juice Alma suwy Alma suwy
On byash myung
manat (15.000)
On müň manat
(10.000)
Coffee Kofe Kofe
On myung manat
(10.000)
On müň manat
(10.000)
Milk Suyt Süýt
On myung manat
(10.000)
Sekiz müň manat
(8.000)
Tea Chay Çaý
Sekiz myung manat
(8.000)
(20.000)
Yigrimi myung manat
Beer Piwo Piwo
(20.000)
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Kyrk müň manat
(40.000)
Wine Chakyr Çakyr
Kyrk myung manat
(40.000)
2. Imagine that you have 300.000 manat. What would you order at the “Small World Restaurant”?
3. A) Listen to, and read along with, the following dialogue between a waiter and a customer.
A. Bagyşla.
Bagyşlaň . (plural, formal)
A. Bagyshla.
Bagyshlang.
A. Excuse me.
.
B. Hawa, baş üstüne.
B. Hawa, bash yustune.
B. Yes, please.
A. Maňa bir käse kofe.

A. Manga bir kyase kofe.
A. I want a cup of coffee.
B. Bagyşlaň, kofe ýok çaý bar.

B. Bagyshlang, kofe yok chay bar.
B. Sorry, sir. We do not have coffee, but we have tea.
B) Make up similar dialogues using the words and word combinations that are in the box.
1. bir käse kofe – çaý

1. bir kyase kofe – chay
2. bir käse süýt – çaý /kofe
2. bir kyase syuyt – chay /kofe
3. bir käse pyrtykal suwy – alma suwy
3. bir kyase pyrtykal suwy – alma suwy
4. balyk hem – towuk hem gowurlan ýer almasy.
4. balyk hem – towuk hem gowurlan yer almasy.
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4. Listen to the following dialogue that takes place at a restaurant. Follow along in your
workbook, and pay attention to the new words; then role-play the dialogue. You can substitute some
words with any food from the “Small World Restaurant” menu.
A. Salam. Siz näme iýmek isleýärsiňiz? (plural, formal)

A. Salam. Siz nyame iymek isleyarsingiz?
A. Hello, sir. What do you want to eat?
B. Sen näme maslahat berýäň?

Siz näme maslahat berýärsiňiz? (plural, formal)
B. Sen nyame maslahat beryang?
Siz nyame maslahat beryarsingiz?
B. What do you recommend?
A. Bizde örän tagamly gowurlan towuk bilen aş bar. Örän süýji.

A. Bizde oran tagamly gowurlan towuk bilen ash bar. Oran suyji.
A. We have wonderful fried chicken and pasta. They are delicious.
B. Örän gowy, onda haýyş edýän gowurlan towuk bilen aş.

B. Oran gowy, onda hayish edyan gowurlan towuk bilen ash.
B. Very well. Fried chicken and pasta, please.
A. Näme içmek isleýärsiňiz? (plural, formal)

A. Nyame ichmek isleyarsingiz?
A. What do you want to drink?
B. Bir käse çaý şeker, limon bilen.

B. Bir kyase chay sheker, limon bilen.
B. A cup of tea with sugar and lemon.
A. Suýji tagamlardan näme isleýärsiňiz?

A. Suyji tagamlardan nyame isleyarsingiz?
A. Any dessert?
B. Hawa, maňa bir bölek peýnirli köke.

B. Hawa, manga bir bolek peynirli kyoke.
B. Yes, I want a piece of cheesecake.
A. Ynha siziň tölemeli hasabyňyz.

A. Ynha sizing tolemeli hasabyngyz.
A. Here is your bill, sir.
B. Kredit kartasy bilen tölesem bolarmyka?

B. Kredit kartasy bilen tolesem bolarmyka?
B. Can I pay with a credit card?
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A. Hawa bolar
A. Hawa bolar.
A. Yes, you can.
Present tense Past Tense

I drink Men ichyarin Men içýärin I drank Men ichdim Men içdim
You drink Sen Sen içýärsiň You drank Sen ichding Sen içdiň
ichyarsing
He drinks Ol ichyar Ol içýär He drank Ol ichdi Ol içdi
We drink Biz ichyaris Biz içýäris We drank Biz ichdik Biz içdik
You drink Siz Siz içýärsiňiz You drank Siz ichdingiz Siz içdiňiz
ichyarsingiz
They drink Olar ichyarler Olar içýärler They drank Olar ichdiler Olar içdiler
5. Using the restaurant menu above, tell your classmates, in Turkmen, what you ate and drank at a
restaurant the last time you were there.
6. Listen and read along with the dialogue. Fill in the blanks with the missing word in English.
Check your answers with the answer key.
Geçen _________________ nirede naharlandyň?

Geçen _________________ nirede naharlandyňyz? (plural, formal)
Gechen ________________ nirede naharlandyng?

Gechen ________________ nirede naharlandyngyz?
Men __________ naharlandym

Men __________ naharlandym.
Ýeke özüň naharlandyňmy ?

Ýeke özüňiz naharlandyňyzmy ? (plural, formal)
Yeke ozyung naharlandyngmy ?
Yeke ozyungiz naharlandyngyzmy ?
Ýok, ____________ bilen. / Ýok, meniň ____________ ýanymdady

Yok,_____________ bilen. / Yok, mening ____________ yanymdady.
Ol näme iýdi ?
Ol nyame iydi ?
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Ol ______ bilen aş iýdi.
Ol _____ bilen ash iydi.
Ol näme _____ ?
Ol nyame _____ ?
Ol ____ içdi.
Ol ____ ichdi.
Sen näme _______?

Siz näme ________? (plural, formal)
Sen nyame ______?

Siz nyame _______?
Men _____ bilen gowurlan ýer almasyny iýdim.

Men _____ bilen gowurlan yer almasyny iydim.
Sen näme içdiň?

Siz näme içdiňiz? (plural, formal)
Sen nyame ichding?

Siz nyame ichdingiz?
Men ____ içdim.

Men ____ ichdim.
7. Below are some table service items. Listen and repeat after the speaker.
Plate Bowl Cup Glass

Tabak Sha kyase Kyase Bulgur
Tabak şa käse Käse Bulgur
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Knife Fork Spoon Napkin
Pychak Charshak Chemche El supurulyan
Pyçak Çarşak Çemçe El süpürülýän
8. Match the English words in the left column with the Turkmen equivalents in the right column. Check
your work with the answer key.
1 Plate A. Çemçe A. Chemche

2 Bowl B. Bulgur B. Bulgur
3 Cup C. Pyçak C. Pychak
4 Glass D. Çarşak D. Charshak
5 Knife E. şa käse E. Sha kyase
6 Fork F. Tabak F. Tabak
7 Spoon G. El süpürülýän G. El supurulyan
8 Napkin H. Käse H. Kyase
9. Listen to the following model. Repeat after the speaker. Compose similar sentences using the
words below.
Model:
Turkmen
A. Mende çemçe ýok. Berip bilmersiňizmi? (plural, formal)
Romanization
A. Mende chemche yok. Berip bilmermisingizmi?
A. I do not have a spoon. Can I have a spoon?
Turkmen
B. Hawa elbetde. Ynha.
Romanization
B. Hawa elbetde. Ynha.
B. Yes, of course. Here you are.
1. napkin 1. el supurulyan 1. el süpürülýän

2. cup 2. kyase 2. käse
3. fork 3. charshak 3. çarşak
4. knife 4. pychak 4. pyçak
5. glass 5. bulgur 5. bulgur
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Say, in Turkmen, what you usually eat and drink for breakfast / lunch / dinner.
2. Say, in Turkmen, what you ate and drank at a restaurant the last time you were there.
3. Pretend that you are at a restaurant now. What would you say in Turkmen if you wanted to eat salad
and fried potatoes? You also want a cup of coffee, and you need a fork and a napkin. What would you
say in Turkmen if you did not know what to choose? Your classmate is a waiter. Role-play the dialogue.
Work in pairs or in small groups.
4. Read and translate the following text into English. Answer the questions that follow. Check the
answer key to review your translation and check your answers.
Gechen Anna guni ishden song erkek doganym, ejem kakam hem-de men “Kichi Dunya” naharhanasyna gitdik.
Ol bankyng garshysynda yerleshyan kichijik naharhana. Naharhanang hyzmatchisi bize gowurlan towuk, ishdya
achar hem ash almagy maslahat berdi. Mening erkek doganym sygyr et bilen yer almasyny aldy; ol chayi sheker
hem limon bilen ichdi. Ejem chorba hem etli gutap aldy. Ol alma suwynw ichdi. Suyji tagamlardan ol yer
tudanasyndan edilen bir bolek kyoke aldy. Kakam hem sygyr et bilen gowurlan yer almasyny we pomidor aldy.
Ol suyji tagamlardan bir bolek peynirli kyoke bilen kofe ichdi. Men towuk bilen ishdya achar iydim. Oryan
suyji / oryan tagamly ekeni. Men kredit karta bilen tolemekchi boldum, emma kakam nagt pul bilen toledi. Biz
agshamymyzy oryan gowy gechirdik.
Geçen Anna güni işden soň erkek doganym, ejem, kakam hem-de men “Kiçi Dunýä” naharhanasyna gitdik. Ol
bankyň garşysynda yerleşýän kiçijik naharhana. Naharhanaň hyzmatçysy bize gowurlan towuk, işdä açar hem
aş almagy maslahat berdi. Meniň erkek doganym sygyr et bilen ýer almasyny aldy; ol çaýy şeker hem limon
bilen içdi. Ejem çorba hem etli gutap aldy. Ol alma suwyny içdi. Süýji tagamlar üçin ol ýer tudanasyndan
edilen bir bölek köke aldy. Kakam hem sygyr et bilen gowurlan ýer almasyny we pomidor aldy. Ol süyji
tagamlardan bir bölek peýnirli köke bilen kofe içdi. Men towuk bilen işdä açar iýdim. Örän süýji / orän tagamly
ekeni. Men kredit karta bilen tolemekçi boldum, emma kakam nagt pul bilen töledi. Biz agşamymyzy örän
gowy geçirdik.
1. Maşgalaňyz haçan naharhana gitdi ?

1. Mashgalangyz hachan naharhana gitdi ?
2. Naharhana nirede ? / Naharhana nirede ýerleşýär ?
2. Naharhana nirede ? / Naharhana nirede yerleshyar ?
3. Naharhanaň hyzmatçysy size näme almagy maslahat berdi ?
3. Naharhanang hyzmatchysy size nyame almagy maslahat berdi ?
4. Seniň erkek doganym näme iýdi ?
4. Sening erkek doganym nyame iydi ?
5. Ol näme içdi ?
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5. Ol nyame ichdi ?
6. Ejeň çorba bilen etli gutap iýdimi ?
6. Ejen chorba bilen etli gutap iydimi ?
7. Ol pyrtykal ýa-da alma suwyny içdi
7. Ol pyrtykal ya-da alma suwyny ichdi ?
8. Ol süýji tagamlardan bir bölek peýnirli köke aldymy ?
8. Ol suyji tagamlardan bir bolek peynirli kyoke aldymy ?
9. Kakaň näme iýdi ?
9. Kakan nyame iydi ?
10. Ol çakyr içdimi ?
10. Ol chakyr ichdimi ?
11. Kakaň kredit kart bilen toledimi ?
11. Kakan kredit kart bilen toledimi ?
12. Agşamyňyz gowy geçdimi ?
12. Agshamyngyz gowy gechdimi ?
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Vocabulary
Apple juice Alma suwy Alma suwy
Bowl Sha kyase Şa käse
Cheesecake Peynirli kyoke Peýnirli köke
Coffee Kofe Kofe
Cup Kyase Käse
Fork Charshak Çarşak
Fried Gowurlan Gowurlan
Glass Bulgur Bulgur
Knife Pychak Pyçak
Napkin El supurulyan El süpürülýän
Orange juice Portakal suwy Portakal suwy
Piece Bolek Bölek
Plate Tabak Tawak
Please Hayisht edyan Haýyşt edýän
Salad Ishdya achar Işdä açar
Soup Chorba Çorba
Spoon Chemche Çemçe
Tea Chay Çaý
Beef Sygyryng eti Sygyryň eti
Hamburger Gamburger Gamburger
Here you are Ynha Ynha
To Drink / I drank Ichmek / Men ichdim Içmek / Men içdim
To eat / I ate Iymek / Men iydim Iýmek / Men iýdim
Recommend Nyame Hyodurledi Näme hödürledi
Wonderful Oran gowy/tagamly Örän gowy/tagamly
Delicious Oran syuyji Örän süýji
Very well Oryan ongat Örän oňat
Lemon Lemon Lemon
Dessert Syuyji tagamlar Süýji tagamlar
Bill Hasab Hasab
Wine Chakyr Çakyr
Beer Piwo Piwo
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 6
Where did you eat last Sunday?

I ate at a restaurant.
Did you eat alone?
No, my brother was with me.
What did he eat?
He ate pasta and fish.
What did he drink?
He drank tea.
What did you eat?
I ate chicken and fried potatoes.
What did you drink?
I drank coffee.
Geçen dynç alyş güni / ýekşenbe nirede naharlandyň?

Geçen dynç alyş güni / ýekşenbe nirede naharlandyňyz? (plural, formal)
Gechen dynch alysh guni / yekshenbe nirede naharlandyng?

Gechen dynch alysh guni / yekshenbe nirede naharlandyngyz?
Men naharhanada naharlandym

Men naharhanada naharlandym.
Ýeke özüň naharlandyňmy ?

Ýeke özüňiz naharlandyňyzmy ? (plural, formal)
Yeke ozyung naharlandyngmy ?
Yeke ozyungiz naharlandyngyzmy ?
Ýok, erkek doganym bilen. / Ýok, meniň erkek doganym ýanymdady

Yok, erkek doganym bilen. / Yok, mening erkek doganym yanymdady.
Ol näme iýdi ?
Ol nyame iydi ?
Ol balyk bilen aş iýdi.

Ol balyk bilen ash iydi.
Ol näme içdi ?
Ol nyame ichdi ?
Ol çaý içdi.
Ol chay ichdi.
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Sen näme iýdiň?
Siz näme iýdiňiz? (plural, formal)
Sen nyame iyding?

Siz nyame iydingiz?
Men towuk bilen gowurlan ýer almasyny iýdim.

Men towuk bilen gowurlan yer almasyny iydim.
Sen näme içdiň?

Siz näme içdiňiz? (plural, formal)
Sen nyame ichding?

Siz nyame ichdingiz?
Men kofe içdim.

Men kofe ichdim.
Exercise 8
1. Plate F Tabak F Tabak

2. Bowl E Sa käse E Sha kyase
3. Cup H Käse H Kyase
4. Glass B Bulgur B Bulgur
5. Knife C Pyçak C Pychak
6. Fork D Ҫarşak D çharshak
7. Spoon A Çemçe A Chemche
8. Napkin G El süpürülýän G El supurulyan

Check your translation of the text. Then compare your answers to the questions below.
Last Friday after work, my brother, our parents and I went to the restaurant “Small World.” It’s a small
restaurant across from the bank. A waiter recommended we have fried chicken, salad, and pasta. My brother
ate beef and potatoes; he drank tea with sugar and lemon. My mother ate soup and a hamburger. She drank
apple juice. For dessert she had a piece of strawberry cake. My father ate beef, fried potatoes, and tomatoes.
He ate a piece of cheesecake for dessert and drank coffee. I ate chicken and salad. It was delicious! I wanted
to pay with a credit card, but my father paid cash. We had a wonderful evening.
1. When did the family go to the restaurant?

1. Mashgalamyz naharhana gechen Anna gyuni gitdi.
1. Maşgalamyz naharhana geçen Anna güni gitdi.
2. Where is the restaurant?
2. Naharhana bankyng garshysynda yerleshyar.
2. Naharhana bankyň garşysynda yerleşýär.
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3. What did the waiter recommend?
3. Ol gowurlan towuk, ishdya achar hem ash almagy maslahat berdi.
3. Ol gowurlan towuk, işdä açar hem aş almagy maslahat berdi.
4. What did your brother eat?
4. Ol sygyr et bilen yer almasyny iydi.
4. Ol sygyr et bilen ýer almasyny iýdi.
5. What did he drink?
5. Ol chayi limon hem sheker bilen ichdi.
5. Ol çaýy limon hem şeker bilen içdi.
6. Did your mother eat soup and a hamburger?
6. Hawa.
6. Hawa.
7. Did she drink orange or apple juice?
7. Yok, ol dinge alma suwyny ichdi.
7. Ýok, ol diňe alma suwyny içdi.
8. Did she eat a piece of cheesecake for dessert?
8. Yok, ol yer tudanasyndan kyoke aldy.
Ýok, ol ýer tudanasyndan köke aldy.
9. What did your father eat?
9. Ol sygyr et bilen, gowurlan yer almasyny hem pomidor iydi.
9. Ol sygyr et bilen, gowurlan ýer almasyny hem pomidor iýdi.
10. Did he drink wine?
10. Yok, ol chakyr ichmedi.
10. Ýok, ol çakyr içmedi.
11. Did your father pay with a credit card?
11. Yok ol nagt pul bilen toledi.
11. Ýok, ol nagt pul bilen toledi.
12. Was it a wonderful evening?
12. Hawa. Oran gowy boldy.
12. Hawa. Örän gowy boldy.
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Holidays, Customs, and Cultural Traditions

Baýramçylyklar, Däp-dessur we Milli – Medeni däpler

- How to read dates.
- How to use ordinal numbers.
- Names of the months.
- Holidays, customs, and cultural traditions of Turkmenistan.
The main holidays in Turkmenistan are:
March 20, 21, 22 - Nowruz Bayram (Muslim New Year) - This holiday was actually celebrated in all the
former USSR republics in Central Asia. The traditional meal of this holiday is Semene, which is cooked from
sprouted wheat grain. One tradition is that, if you wish your dream come true, you must write it on a small piece
of paper and put it under your pillow. And, early the next morning on the 21st of March, you have to burn it.
October 27-28 - Garashsyzlyk (Independence Day) – This is widely celebrated every year on October 27. This
is the date when the newly independent Turkmen State was established, after the split of the Soviet Union.
December 31 - Täze ýyl agşamy (New Years Eve) - This still remains one of the biggest and most favorite
public holidays. It is celebrated in Turkmenistan just as it is anywhere else on the planet.
Kurban Bayram – the date changes every year
This is the most religious holiday, as almost every Muslim family in Turkmenistan celebrates Kurban Bayram.
People slaughter sheep (animals) as a sacrifice, cook various types of dishes, and invite relatives, neighbors and
close friends to join them. The holiday lasts three days. Many people, especially the youngsters, spend time on
those three days swinging on swings; as the tradition is says that by swinging one can purge or purify his or her
sins.
Other celebrated holidays are:

January 1 - New Year – Täze ýyl-Taze yil
January 12 - Memorial Day – Hatyra Güni –Hatira guni
February 19 - Flag Day / President’s birthday – Baýdak Güni / Prezidentiň Dogylan Güni-Baydak
guni/Prezidentin Doglan Guni
May 8-9 - Memorial Day / Victory Day - Hatyra Güni / Ýeňiş Güni-Hatira Guni/Yenish Guni
May 18 - Constitution Day – Konstitutsyýanyň Döredilen Güni-Konstitusiyanin Doredilen Guni
October 6 - Memorial Day - Hatyra Güni-Hatira guni
December 12 - Neutrality Day – Bitaraplyk Güni-Bitaraplik Guni
Note:
In Turkmen, we add the following endings to ordinal numbers: –ynjy; -inji; -unjy; -ünji; - njy; -nji.
If the last letter of the ordinal number is a consonant then we add these endings, which start with vowels: on
bir - inji, on bäş – inji. And if the last letter is a vowel then the ending will start with consonant: on iki - nji,
on ýedi – nji; on alty – njy.
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1. Listen and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in the workbook.
1 one Bir Bir

first birinji birinji
2 two Iki Iki
second ikinji ikinji
3 three uch Üç
third uchunji üçünji
4 four Dort Dört
fourth dordunji dördünji
5 five Byash Bäş
fifth byashinji bäşinji
6 six Alty Alty
sixth altynjy altynjy
7 seven Yedi Ýedi
seventh yedinji ýedinji
8 eight Sekiz Sekiz
eighth sekizinji sekizinji
9 nine Dokuz Dokuz
ninth dokuzynjy dokuzynjy
10 ten On On
tenth onunjy onunjy
2. Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. Use the words located in the box. Check your answers
with the answer key. .
byashinji ikinji birinji altynjy uchunji yedinji dordyunji yedinji

bäşinji ikinji birinji altynjy üçünji ýedinji dördünji ýedinji
1. Baş güni / Düşenbe hepdäniň ____________ güni.
1. Bash guni / Dushenbe hepdaning ____________ guni.
2. Ýaş güni / Sişenbe hepdäniň ____________ güni.

2. Yash guni / Sishenbe hepdaning ____________ guni.
3. Hoş güni / Çarşenbe hepdäniň ____________ güni.
3. Hosh guni / Charshenbe hepdaning ____________ guni.
4. Sogap güni / Penşenbe hepdäniň ____________ güni.
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4. Sogap guni / Penshenbe hepdaning ____________ guni.
5. Anna güni / Anna hepdäniň ____________ güni.
5. Anna guni/ Anna hepdaning ____________ guni.
6. Ruh güni / Şenbe hepdäniň ____________ güni.
6. Ruh guni / Shenbe hepdaning ____________ guni.
7. Dynç güni / Ýekşenbe hepdäniň ____________ güni.
7. Dynch guni / Yekshenbe hepdaning ____________ guni.
3. Listen to the ordinal numbers 11 through 19 and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in the
workbook.
11 eleven On bir On bir

eleventh on birinji on birinji
12 twelve On iki On iki
twelfth on ikinji on ikinji
13 thirteen On uch On üç
thirteenth on uchunji on üçünji
14 fourteen On dort On dört
fourteenth on dordunji on dördünji
15 fifteen On byash On bäş
fifteenth on byashinji on bäşinji
16 sixteen On alty On alty
sixteenth on altynjy on altynjy
17 seventeen On yedi On ýedi
seventeenth on yedinji on ýedinji
18 eighteen On sekiz On sekiz
eighteenth on sekizinji on sekizinji
19 nineteen On dokuz On dokuz
nineteenth on dokuzynjy on dokuzynjy
20 twenty Yigrimi Ýigrimi
the twentieth yigriminji ýigriminji
4. Read the following ordinal numbers in Turkmen.
11th, 13th, 15th, 17th, 19th, 12th, 14th, 16th, 18th
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5. Listen to the ordinal numbers 20-100 and repeat after the speaker.
20 twenty Yigrimi Ýigrimi

twentieth Yigriminji Ýigriminji
21 twenty-one Yigrimi bir Ýigrimi bir
twenty-first Yigrimi birinji Ýigrimi birinji
22 twenty-two Yigrimi iki Ýigrimi iki
twenty-second Yigrimi ikinji Ýigrimi ikinji
23 twenty-three Yigrimi uch Ýigrimi üç
twenty-third Yigrimi uchunji Ýigrimi üçünji
24 twenty-four Yigrimi dort Ýigrimi dört
twenty-fourth Yigrimi dordunji Ýigrimi dördünji
25 twenty-five Yigrimi byash Ýigrimi bäş
twenty-fifth Yigrimi byashinji Ýigrimi bäşinji
26 twenty-six Yigrimi alty Ýigrimi alty
twenty-sixth Yigrimi altynjy Ýigrimi altynjy
27 twenty-seven Yigrimi yedi Ýigrimi ýedi
twenty-seventh Yigrimi yedinji Ýigrimi ýedinji
28 twenty-eight Yigrimi sekiz Ýigrimi sekiz
twenty-eighth Yigrimi sekizinji Ýigrimi sekizinji
29 twenty-nine Yigrimi dokuz Ýigrimi dokuz
twenty-ninth Yigrimi dokuzynjy Ýigrimi dokuzynjy
30 thirty Otuz Otuz
thirtieth Otuzynjy Otuzynjy
40 forty Kyrk Kyrk
fortieth Kyrkynjy Kyrkynjy
50 fifty Elli Elli
fiftieth Ellinji Ellinji
60 sixty Altmysh Altmyş
sixtieth Altmyshynjy Altmyşynjy
70 seventy Yetmish Ýetmiş
seventieth Yetmishinji Ýetmişinji
80 eighty Segsen Segsen
eightieth Segseninji Segseninji
90 ninety Togsan Togsan
ninetieth Togsanynjy Togsanynjy
100 one hundred Yuz Ýüz
one hundredth Yuzunji Ýüzünji
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6. Listen to the names of the months and repeat after the speaker.
On August 10, 2002, the government of Turkmenistan adopted a law to rename all the months and most of the
days of week. The names were chosen according to the Turkmen national symbols, as described in Ruhnama, a
book written by the Turkmen president.
The old month names were the following: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August,
September, October, November, December, and they were taken from the Russian language. The new adopted
Turkmen month names are as follows: Türkmenbaşy, Baýdak, Nowruz, Gurbansoltan, Magtymguly, Oguz,
Gorkut, Alp-Arslan, Ruhnama, Garaşsyzlyk, Sanjar, Bitaraplyk.
The new names are used in all Turkmen state-owned media. Publications in languages other than Turkmen
often use the new names too, especially if they are targeted at Russian-speaking citizens of Turkmenistan, with
the old name sometimes written in brackets. The old names are still most commonly used in everyday speech.
January Turkmenbashy / Türkmenbaşy /

Yanwar (old) Ýanwar
February Baydak / Fewral (old) Baýdak / Fewral
March Nowruz / Mart (old) Nowruz / Mart
April Gurbansoltan / Aprel Gurbansoltan / Aprel
(old)
May Magtymguly / May Magtymguly / Maý
(old)
June Oguz / Iyun (old) Oguz / Iýun
July Gorkut / Iýul (old) Gorkut / Iýul
August Alp-Arslan / Awgust Alp-Arslan / Awgust
(old)
September Ruhnama / Sentyabr Ruhnama / Sentýabr
(old)
October Garashsyzlyk / Garaşsyzlyk / Oktýabr
Oktyabr (old)
November Sanjar / Noyabr (old) Sanjar / Noýabr
December Bitaraplyk / Dekabr Bitaraplyk / Dekabr
(old)
7. Look at the picture and say the dates and days of the week in Turkmen. Practice the different dates,
days, and months through the year.
Model: Today is the 15th of April 1999. It is Thursday.

Shu gun Gurbansoltan / Aprel ayinyng 15-i (on byashi). Penshenbe. / Hepdyaning Sogap guni.
Şu gün Gurbansoltan / Aprel aýynyň 15-i (on bäşi). Penşenbe. / Hepdäniň Sogap güni.
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8. Listen as the speaker reads the following years. Repeat after the speaker.
1925-nineteen twenty-five Bir mung dokuz yuz yigrimi Bir müň dokuz ýüz
byashinji yil ýigrimi bäşinji ýyl
1900-nineteen hundred Bir mung dokuz yuzunji yil Bir müň dokuz ýüzünji
ýyl
2004-two thousand four Iki mung dordyunji yil Iki müň dördünji ýyl
9. Read the following years in Turkmen.
In the Turkmen language, the day is first, and then the month and year, for example 26 October 2006
2001 1987 1960 1945 2000 1700 1516
10. Listen to the names of Turkmenistan holidays and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in the
workbook.
1. New Years – the 31st of December

Otuz birinji (31) Bitaraplyk/Dekabr / Bitaraplyk/Dekabr ayinyng otuz biri (31) – Taze Yyl
Otuz birinji (31) Bitaraplyk/Dekabr / Bitaraplyk/Dekabr aýynyň otuz biri (31) – Täze Ýyl
2. Independence Day – the 27th of October
Yigrimi yedinji Garashsyzlyk/Oktyabr / Garashsyzlyk/Oktyabr ayinyng yigrimi yedisi (27) – Garashsyzlyk
bayramchylygy
Ýigrimi ýedinji Garaşsyzlyk/Oktyabr / Garaşsyzlyk/Oktýabr aýynyň ýigrimi ýedisi (27) – Garaşsyzlyk
bayramçylygy
3. St. Valentine’s Day – the 14th of February.
Baydak/Fewral ayinyng on dordi (14) / On dordyunji (14) Baydak/Fewral – Ashyklar guni
Baýdak/Fewral aýynyň on dördi (14) / On dördünji (14) Baýdak/Fewral – Aşyklar güni.
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11. Listen to the speakers talk about their dates of birth. Follow along in the workbook.
1. When were you born? 2. When were you born? 3. When were you born?
Sen hachan doguldyng? Sen hachan doguldyng? Sen hachan doguldyng?
Siz hachan doguldyngyz? Siz hachan doguldyngyz? Siz hachan doguldyngyz?
Sen haçan doguldyň? Sen haçan doguldyň? Sen haçan doguldyň?

Siz haçan doguldyňyz? Siz haçan doguldyňyz? Siz haçan doguldyňyz?
I was born on the I was born on the I was born on the
11th of June, 1936. 31st of July, 1960. 23rd of January, 1987.
Men bir mung dokuz yuz otuz Men bir mung dokuz yuz Men bir mung dokuz yuz segsen
altynjy (1936) yilyng Oguz/Iyun altmyshynjy (1960) yilyng Gorkut/ yedinji (1987) yilyng
ayinyng on birine (11) doguldym. Iyul ayinyng otuz birine (31) Turkmenbashy/Yanwar ayinyng
doguldym. yigrimi uchune (23) doguldym.
Men bir müň dokuz ýüz otuz Men bir müň dokuz ýüz Men bir müň dokuz ýüz segsen
altynjy (1936) ýylyň Oguz/Iýun altmyşynjy (1960) ýylyň ýedinji (1987) ýylyň
aýynyň on birine (11) doguldym. Gorkut/Iýul aýynyň otuz birine Türkmenbaşy/Ýanwar aýynyň
(31) doguldym. ýigrimi üçüne (23) doguldym.
12. Work in pairs or in small groups. Ask your partner when he was born. Use the model below.
Model: A. I was born on the 15th of February, 1982. When were you born?
Romanization
A. Men bir mung dokuz yuz segsen ikinji (1982) yilyng Baydak/Fewral ayinyng on bashine (15) doguldym.
Sen hachan doguldyng? / Siz hachan doguldyngyz?
Turkmen
A. Men bir müň dokuz ýüz segsen ikinji ýylyň Baydak/Fewral aýynyň on başine doguldym. Sen haçan
doguldyň? /
Siz haçan doguldyňyz? (plural, formal)
B. I was born on the 4th of September, 1979.
Romanization
B. Men bir mung dokuz yuz yetmish dokuzynjy yilyng Ruhnama/Sentyabr ayinyng dordine doguldym.
Turkmen
B. Men bir müň dokuz ýüz ýetmiş dokuzynjy ýylyň Ruhnama/Sentýabr aýynyň dördine doguldym.
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13. Look at the picture below and imagine that this is your family. Describe each member. Use the
model below. You can use real pictures of your family.
Model: This is my brother. His name is Batyr. He is 30 years old. He was born on the 14th of
February 1979.
Romanization
Bu mening doganym. Onung ady Batyr. Ol otuz (30) yashynda. Ol bir mung dokuz yuz yetmish
dokuzynjy (1979) yilyng Baydak/Fewral ayinyng on dordine (14) doglan.
Turkmen
Bu meniň doganym. Onuň ady Batyr. Ol otuz (30) yaşynda. Ol bir müň dokuz ýüz ýetmiş
dokuzynjy (1979) ýylyň Baýdak/Fewral aýynyň on dördine (14) doglan.
14. Read the text. Answer the questions below in English. Check your work with the answer key.
Meniň adym Batyr. Men Türkmenistandan. Men Türkmenabatda ýaşaýaryn. Meniň uly maşgalam bar: aýalym,
iki çagam we enem-atam bar. Meniň aýalym otuz ýaşynda. Ol bir müň dokuz ýüz ýetmişinji ýylyň Sanjar /
Noýabr aýynyň ýigrimi üçüne doglan. Ol lukman, keselhanada işleýär. Meniň çagalarym okuwçy. Olar
mekdepde okaýärlar. Meniň gyzym bir müň dokuz ýüz togsan ikinji ýylyň Gurbansoltan / Aprel aýynyň ýigrimi
altysynda doglan. Meniň oglum sekiz ýaşynda. Ol bir müň dokuz ýüz togsan altynjy ýylyň Magtymguly / Maý
aýynyň birinde doglan. Meniň ejem garry. Ol ýetmiş sekiz ýaşynda. Ol bir müň dokuz ýüz ýigrimi altynjy ýylyň
Sanjar/Noýabr aýynyň ýigrimi ikisinde doglan. Meniň kakam ýetmiş dokuz ýaşynda. Ol bir müň dokuz ýüz
ýigrimi bäşinji ýylyň Alp-Arslan / Awgust aýynyň ýigrimi bäşinde doglan. Olar işlemeýärlar. Olar kitap
okaýärlar, telewizora seredýärler ýa-da biziň çagalarymyz bilen oýnaýärlar. Meniň agzybir maşgalam bar.
1. Where does the family live?

Ol mashgala nirede yashayar?
Ol maşgala nirede ýaşaýar?
2. How old is the wife

Ayal nyache yashynda?
Aýal näçe ýaşynda?
3. When was she born

Ol hachan doglan?
Ol haçan doglan?
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4. What is her occupation?
Onung kyari name?
Onuň käri näme?
5. Where does she work?

Ol nirede ishleyar?
Ol nirede işleýär?
6. How many children do they have?

Olaryng nyache chagalary bar?
Olaryň näçe çagalary bar?
7. How old is the son? When was he born?

Ogly nyache yashynda? Ol hachan doglan?
Ogly näçe ýaşynda? Ol haçan doglan?
8. How old is the daughter?

Gyzy nyache yashynda?
Gyzy näçe ýaşynda?
9. When was she born?

Ol hachan doglan?
Ol haçan doglan?
10. How old is the grandmother?

Garry enesi nyache yashynda?
Garry enesi näçe ýaşynda?
11. When was she born?

Ol hachan doglan?
Ol haçan doglan?
12. How old is the grandfather?

Atasy nyache yashynda?
Atasy näçe ýaşynda?
13. When was he born?

Ol hachan doglan?
Ol haçan doglan?
14. What do the grandparents do?

Garry ene-ata nyame bilen meshgullanyarlar?
Garry ene-ata näme bilen meşgullanýarlar?
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Because Turkmenistan is a very hospitable nation, they are always glad to meet guests, even uninvited ones.
First, you always have to invite a guest to sit down and then offer them something to eat and drink. It is not
polite at all to ask a guest about the reason for his or her visit, or to leave him or her alone in the room for a long
time.
Birthdays: Some people celebrate their birthday party at home, some in the restaurants or cafes. Friends and
relatives are usually invited to share in the celebration.
Weddings: A true Turkmen wedding normally lasts about one week. The parents of the bride and groom are
responsible for the wedding, while all of the relatives, neighbors and friends help to organize the wedding.
Funerals: Turkmens strive to bury the deceased as soon as possible after death, avoiding the need for
embalming or otherwise disturbing the body of the deceased. An autopsy may be performed, if necessary, but
should be done with the utmost respect for the dead.
15. Listen to the following conversation between two people and repeat after the speakers. Follow
along in the workbook and then answer the questions that follow. Check your work with the answer key.
A. Salam Batyr! Magtymguly/May ayinyng altysyna doglan gun bar.

A. Salam Batyr! Magtymguly/Maý aýynyň altysyna doglan gün bar.
Men seni shonda chagyraryn, sen mening mashgalamy gorersing.

Men seni şonda çagyrýäryn, sen meniň maşgalamy gorersiň.
B. Sag bol Mammet. Sagat nachede?

B. Sag bol Mämmet. Sagat naçede?
A. Bashde ya da byash otuzda / altynyng yarynda.

A. Bäşde ýa da bäş otuzda / altynyň ýarynda.
B. Sening adresing name?

B. Seniň adresiň näme?
A. Kochamizing ady Turkmenbashy shayoly.

A. Koçamiziň ady Türkmenbaşy şaýoly.
B. Men ol yerik nadip bararkam?

B. Men ol ýerik nädip bararkam?
A. Esasy koche bilen demirgazyga Azadi kyochesine surersing song hem chepe sowularsyng.
A. Esasy koçe bilen demirgazyga Azadi köçesine sürersiň soň hem çepe sowularsyň.
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Azadi kochyaning ugry bilen syuryup iki jayi gechip saga sowularsyng.
Azadi koçäniň ugry bilen sürüp iki jaýy geçip saga sowularsyň.
Mening oyum sag tarapdan uchunji jay.

Meniň öýüm sag tarapdan üçünji jaý.
B. Men name getirsem bolar?

B. Men näme getirsem bolar?
A. Hich zat gerek dal. Sag bol.

A. Hiç zat gerek däl. Sag bol.
B. Chagyranyng uchin sag bol.

B. Çagyranyň üçin sag bol.
1. What is the occasion for the invitation?

2. What is the date?
3. What time should he arrive?
4. What is the address?
5. What directions is he given to get there?
6. What should he bring?
16. Work with a partner. Invite him or her to your house to celebrate a holiday. Give him or her
directions on how to get to your house. Use the dialogue above as a model.
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Tell, in Turkmen, the date when:
- you were born

- you graduated from high school
- your wedding was
- your child was born
- you joined the military
2. List, in Turkmen, the names of Turkmenistan holidays and tell when they are celebrated.
3. Invite your roommate to a Christmas party and give him or her directions on how to get there.
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Vocabulary
first Birinji Birinji
second Ikinji Ikinji
third Uchunji Üçünji
fourth Dordunji Dördünji
fifth Byashinji Bäşinji
sixth Altynjy Altynjy
seventh Yedinji Ýedinji
eighth Sekizinji Sekizinji
ninth Dokuzynjy Dokuzynjy
tenth Onunjy Onunjy
eleventh On birinji On birinji
twelfth On ikinji On ikinji
thirteenth On uchunji On üçünji
fourteenth On dordunji On dördünji
fifteenth On byashinji On bäşinji
sixteenth On altynjy On altynjy
seventeenth On yedinji On ýedinji
eighteenth On sekizinji On sekizinji
nineteenth On dokuzynjy On dokuzynjy
twentieth Yigriminji Ýigriminji
twenty-first Yigrimi birinji Ýigrimi birinji
twenty-second Yigrimi ikinji Ýigrimi ikinji
twenty-third Yigrimi uchunji Ýigrimi üçünji
twenty-fourth Yigrimi dordunji Ýigrimi dördünji
twenty-fifth Yigrimi byashinji Ýigrimi bäşinji
twenty-sixth Yigrimi altynjy Ýigrimi altynjy
twenty-seventh Yigrimi yedinji Ýigrimi ýedinji
twenty-eighth Yigrimi sekizinji Ýigrimi sekizinji
twenty-ninth Yigrimi dokuzynjy Ýigrimi dokuzynjy
January Turkmenbashy/yanwar Türkmenbaşy/ýanwar
February Baydak/fewral Baýdak/fewral
March Nowruz/mart Nowruz/mart
April Gurbansoltan/aprel Gurbansoltan/aprel
May Magtymguly/may Magtymguly/maý
June Oguz/iyun Oguz/iýun
July Gorkut/iyul Gorkut/iýul
August Alp-arslan/awgust Alp-arslan/awgust
September Ruhnama/sentyabr Ruhnama/sentýabr
October Garashsyzlyk/oktyabr Garaşsyzlyk/oktýabr
November Sanjar/noyabr Sanjar/noýabr
December Bitaraplyk/dekabr Bitaraplyk/dekabr
Was born Doguldym Doguldym
To invite Chagyrmak Çagyrmak
Invitation Chakylyk Çakylyk
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Address Adres Adres
Drive Surmek Sürmek
Along / along the street Ugry bilen / kochaning Ugry bilen / köçäniň
ugry bilen ugry bilen
Two blocks Iki uly jay Iki uly jaý
Turn right Saga sowulmak Saga sowulmak
Turn left Chepe owrulmek Çepe owrülmek
Come over Biriningka barmak Biriniňka barmak
To visit Habar tutmak Habar tutmak
Birthday Doglan gun Doglan gün
Birthday party Doglan gun agshamy Doglan gün agşamy
Wedding Toy Toý
Funeral Yas / ayat Ýas / aýat
To bring Getirmek Getirmek
I want to invite you … Mening seni chagyrasym Meniň seni çagyrasym
gelyar… / Men seni gelýär… / Men seni
chagyrmak isleyarin… çagyrmak isleýärin…
1 January - New Year Taze yil Täze ýyl

12 January - Memorial Hatyra guni Hatyra güni
Day
19 February - Flag Day Baydagyng doredilen Baýdagyň döredilen
/ President’s birthday guni / prezidenting güni / prezidentiň doglan
doglan guni güni
20-21-22 March - Spring Bahar gunleri Bahar günleri
Holidays bayramchylygy / nowruz baýramçylygy / nowruz
8-9 May - Memorial Yengish guni Ýeňiş güni
Day / Victory Day
18 May - Constitution Konstitutsiyanyng Konstitutsiýänyň
Day doredilen guni döredilen güni
6 October - Memorial Hatyra guni Hatyra güni
Day
27-28 October -
Independence Day Garashsyzlyk Guni Garaşsyzlyk Güni
12 December -Neutrality Bitaraplyk guni Bitaraplyk güni
Day
The date for Kurban Gurban bayram Gurban baýram
Bayram is fixed by the
Government of
Turkmenistan
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 2
1. birinji birinji first

2. ikinji ikinji second
3. üçünji uchunji third
4. dördünji dordunji fourth
5. bäşinji byashinji fifth
6. altynjy altynjy sixth
7. ýedinji yedinji seventh
1. Monday is the first day of the week.

2. Tuesday is the second day of the week.
3. Wednesday is the third day of the week.
4. Thursday is the fourth day of the week.
5. Friday is the fifth day of the week.
6. Saturday is the sixth day of the week.
7. Sunday is the seventh day of the week.
Exercise 14
1. City, Country
2. 30.
3. November 23, 1970.
4. Doctor.
5. Hospital.
6. 2
7. 8 years old, May 1, 1996.
8. 12 years old.
9. April 26, 1992.
10. 78.
11. November 22, 1926.
12. 79.
13. August 25, 1925.
14. Read books, watch television, and play with the grandchildren.
Exercise 15
.
1. What is the occasion for the invitation? A birthday party.
2. What is the date? May 6.
3. What time should he arrive? 5:00 or 5:30.
4. What is the address? Türkmenbaşy şaýoly.
5. What directions is he given to get there?
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Drive north on the main road to Azadi and turn left. Drive along Azadi two blocks and turn right. My
house is the third house on the right.
6. What should he bring? Nothing.
A. Hi, Batyr.. There is birthday party the 6th of May.

I invite you to come over and visit my family.
B. Thank you, Mammet. What time?
A. Five or five thirty.
B. What is your address?
A. It is Türkmenbaşy şaýoly.
B. How can I get there?
A. Drive north on the main road to Azadi and turn left.
Drive along Azadi two blocks and turn right.
My house is the third house on the right.
B. What can I bring?
A. Nothing, thanks.
B. Thank you for the invitation.
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Around the House

Öýüň içi-daşy

- Basic vocabulary related to the home.
- Rooms around the house.
- Furniture items that you may see.
Turkmens who live in houses will have, outside in the yard, “TAPCHAN,” (usually those who
live in apartments do not, although some who live on the first floors do). This is very specific to
our country and culture. Also very specific is to lay a handmade woolen rug (we call this rug
“KECHE”) on the ground outside in the yard. Another cultural preference is that Turkmens
prefer having their meals while sitting on the floor, rather than at a table.
1. Listen to the vocabulary below and repeat after the speaker.
Bathroom Hammam otagy Hammam otag

Bedroom Yatylyan otag Ýatylýan otag
Dining room Nahar iyilyan otag Nahar iýilýän otag
Door Gapy Gapy
Floor Pol Pol
Window Ayna / Apishge / Penjire Aýna / Äpişge / Penjire
Garage Garaj Garaž
Roof Uchek Üçek
Antenna Antenna Antenna
Office Ofis / Okalga otag Ofis / Okalga otag
Basement Bina esasy / yerzemin Bina esasy/ýerzemin
Yard Howly Howly
Kitchen Ashhana Aşhana
Living room Myhman/lar otagy Myhman/lar otag
One-story Bir gat Bir gat
Two-story Iki gat Iki gat
First floor Birinji gat Birinji gat
Second floor Ikinji gat Ikinji gat
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2. Match the Turkmen words in the left column with their English equivalents in the right
column. Check your answers with the answer key.
1. Suwa düşülýän otag Hammam otagy A. Basement

2. Ýatylýan otag Yatylyan otag B. Yard
3. Nahar iýilýän otag Nahar iyilyan otag C. Garage
4. Gapy Gapy D. Living room
5. Pol Pol E. Bathroom
6. Aýna / Äpişge / Penjire Ayna / Apishge / Penjire F. Kitchen
7. Garaž Garaj G. Bedroom
8. Myhman otagy Myhman otagy H. Door
9. Ofis / Okalga jaýy Ofis / Okalga jayi I. Dining room
10. Bina esasy / yerzemin Bina esasy/ýerzemin J. Floor
11. Howly Howly K. Office
12. Aşhana Ashhana L. Window
3. Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks from the list of words written
in the box below. Check your work with the answer key.
garaj yatylyan antenna howly ashhana myhman otag hem nahar iyilyan otag
otag
garaž ýatylýan antenna howly aşhana myhman otag hem nahar iýilýän otag
otag
1. Uchekde _________ dur.
1. Üçekde _________ dur.
2. _______________ okalga jayi bilen hammam otagyng aralygynda yerleshyar.
2. _______________ okalga jaýy bilen hammam otagyň aralygynda ýerleşýär.
3. Jaying ongyunde ______ bar.
3. Jaýyň öňünde ______ bar.
4. Ashhana _______________________________ aralygynda yerleshyar.
4. Aşhana _______________________________ aralygynda ýerleşýär.
4. Draw a plan of your house and tell your partner in Turkmen, the types of rooms you
have and where they are located. Work in pairs or in small groups.
151
5. Match the following questions with the correct answers. Check your work with the
answer key.
A. Hammam otag nirede ýerleşýär? 1. Hawa, biziň kiçijik garažymyz bar.

A. Hammam otag nirede yerleshyar? 1. Hawa, bizing kichijik garajymyz bar.
B. Aşhana nirede ýerleşýär? 2. Ýatylýan otag myhman otagynyň

aňyrsynda.
B. Ashhana nirede yerleshyar? 2. Yatylyan otag myhman otagynyn
angyrsynda.
C. Ýatylýan otag nirede ýerleşýär? 3. Howa, biziň uly ýerzeminimiz bar.

C. Yatylyan otag nirede yerleshyar? 3. Howa, bizing uly yerzeminimiz bar.
D. Sende nahar iýilýän otag barmy? 4. Biziň üç sany ýatylýan otagymyz bar /
Sizde nahar iýilýän otag barmy? (plural, Bizde üç sany ýatylýan otag bar.
formal)
D. Sende nahar iyilyan otag barmy? 4. Bizing yuch sany yatylyan otagymyz bar /
Sizde nahar iyilyan otag barmy? Bizde yuch sany yatylyan otag bar.
E. Garažyň barmy? 5. Aşhana birinji gatda.

Garažyňyz barmy? (plural, formal)
F. Garajyng barmy? 5. Ashhana birinji gatda.
Garajyngyz barmy?
G. Näçe sany ýatylýan otagyň bar? 6. Ýatylýan otag hammam otagyň aňyrsynda.
Näçe sany ýatylýan otagyňyz bar? (plural,
formal)
E. Nyache sany yatylyan otagyng bar? 6. Yatylyan otag hammam otagyng
Nyache sany yatylyan otagyngyz bar? angyrsynda.
F. Seniň ýerzeminiň barmy? 7. Bizde nahar iýilýän otag ýok.

Siziň ýerzeminiňiz barmy? (plural, formal)
G. Sening yerzemining barmy? 7. Bizde nahar iyilyan otag yok.
Sizing yerzeminingiz barmy?
6. Pretend that you want to buy a house and that your classmate is a real estate agent.
Make up a dialogue using the model below. Work in pairs or in small groups.
Model:
A. I want to buy a two-story house.

A. Mening iki gatly jay satyn alasym gelyar.
A Meniň iki gatly jaý satyn alasym gelýär.
152
B. There is a nice small house next to the market.
B. Bazaryng golayinda gowy jay bar.
B. Bazaryň golaýynda kiçijik gowy jaý bar.
A. How many bedrooms does the house have?

A. Jaying nyache sany yatylyan otagy bar?
A. Jaýyň näçe sany ýatylýan otagy bar?
B. It has one bedroom.

B. Bir yatylyan otagy bar.
B. Bir ýatylýan otagy bar.
A. How many bathrooms are there in the house?

A. Nyache sany hammam otag bar?
A. Näçe sany hammam otag bar?
B. There is a big wonderful bathroom in the house.

B. Ol jayda oryan gowy uly hammam otag bar.
B. Ol jaýda örän gowy uly hammam otag bar.
A. Is there a kitchen in the house?

A. Jayda ashhana barmy?
A. Jaýda aşhana barmy?
B. Yes, there is.

B. Hawa, bar.
B. Hawa, bar.
7. Familiarize yourself with these terms for furniture and furnishings. Listen and
repeat after the speaker.
Bathtub Bed Bookcase Chair Closet
Wanna Krowat Kitap shkafy / Oturgych Shkaf

Kitap tekjesi
Wanna Krowat Kitap şkafy / Oturgyç Şkaf

Kitap tekjesi
153
Table Refrigerator Dresser Lamp Microwave oven
Stol Sowadyjy Komod Lampa Mikrotolkunly pech
Stol Sowadyjy Komod Lampa Mikrotolkunly peç
Radio Carpet Sink Sofa Stove
Radio Haly / Dushek Gap yuwulyan Divan Gaz plitasy / Tokly

nowa / plita
Rakowina
Radio Haly / Düşek Gap ýuwulýan Diwan Gaz plitasy / Tokly

nowa / plita
Rakowina
Telephone Television Toaster Toilet
Telefon Televizor Toster Hajathana
Telefon Telewizor Toster Hajathana
154
8. Below is a chart with rooms you would find in a typical home. List under each room, in
Turkmen, the furniture and furnishings (from the list above) that you would expect to find
there. Some items will be used more than once.
Ashhana Nahar iyilyan Myhman/lar otag Yatylyan otag Hammam otag

otag
Aşhana Nahar iýilýän Myhman/lar otag Ýatylýan otag Hammam otag

otag
9. Use the chart above and ask each other questions in Turkmen about the furniture in
your rooms.
Model:
1. What do you have in your kitchen? I have a stove, a…. in my kitchen.
1. Sening ashhanangda nyameler bar? / Mening ashhanamda gaz plita, …. bar.

Sizing ashhanangyzda nyameler bar? Meniň aşhanamda gaz plita, …. bar.
1. Seniň aşhanaňda nämeler bar? /
Siziň aşhanaňyzda nämeler bar?
(plural, formal)
2. What do you have in your dining room? I have a table, a….in my dining room.
2. Sening nahar iyilyan otagyngda Mening nahar iyilyan otagymda stol, …. bar.
nyameler bar? Meniň nahar iýilýän otagymda stol, …. bar.
Sizing nahar iyilyan otagyngyzda nyameler
bar?
2. Seniň nahar iýilýän otagyňda nämeler
bar?
Siziň nahar iýilýän otagyňyzda nämeler
bar? (plural, formal)
155
10. Listen, and read along, as a speaker talks about his home and then answer the
questions about the passage. Check your work with the answer key.
PLAY AUDIO
Meniň adym Arslan. Men öz aýalym hem-de iki sany çagam bilen Maryda ýaşýaryn. Biziň iki
gatly kiçijik jaýymyz bar. Meniň kakam biz bilen ýaşaýar. Jaýyň ikinji gatynda iki sany ýatylýan
otag bar; - biri biziň iki sany oglumyz üçin, beýlekisi bolsa kakam üçin. Men aýalym bilen birinji
gatdaky ýatylýan otagda ýatýarys. Biziň iki hammam otagymyz bar. Biziň gaz plita, peç,
rakowina hem-de sowadyjy ýerleşýän uly aşhanamyz bar. Şonuň ýaly hem aşhanada biz
naharlanar ýaly uly stol hem dur. Biziň nahar iýilýän otagymyz ýok. Myhman otagymyzda
diwan, stol, iki sany oturgyç hem-de kiçijik telewizor dur. Agşamlaryna nahardan soň men öz
maşgalam bilen telewizora seredýärin.
A. Mashgala nirede yashayar?
A. Maşgala nirede ýaşaýar?
B. Jayda nyache adam yashayar?
B. Jaýda näçe adam ýaşaýar?
C. Jay bir gatlymy ya-da iki gatly?
C. Jaý bir gatlymy ýa-da iki gatly?
D. Nyache sany yatylyan otag bar?
D. Näçe sany ýatylýan otag bar?
E. Birinji gatda nyache sany yatylyan otag bar? Onda kimler yatyar?
E. Birinji gatda näçe sany ýatylýan otag bar? Onda kimler ýatýar?
F. Jayda nyache hammam otag bar?
F. Jaýda näçe hammam otag bar?
G. Olar naharyny nirede iyyarler?
G. Olar naharyny nirede iýýärler?
H. Agshamlyk nahardan song mashgala nyame bilen meshgullanyar?
H. Agşamlyk nahardan soň maşgala näme bilen meşgullanýar?
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Listen to the speaker and circle the terms that you hear. Check your work with
the answer key.
1. bedroom bathroom living room

2. lamp oven stove
3. toilet bathtub sink
4. sofa chair bed
5. carpet floor window
6. chair dresser radio
7. first floor second floor one-story
8. garage basement roof
2. You have a guest in your home. Give him or her answers, in Turkmen, to the following
questions.
Where is the bathroom?

Hammam otag nirede yerleshyar?
Hammam otag nirede ýerleşýär?
Where is the kitchen?

Ashhana nirede yerleshyar?
Aşhana nirede ýerleşýär?
How many bedrooms do you have?

Sening nyache sany yatylyan otagyng bar? /
Sizing nyache sany yatylyan otagyngyz bar?
Seniň näçe sany ýatylýan otagyň bar? /

Siziň näçe sany ýatylýan otagyňyz bar? (plural, formal)
Where is the telephone?
Telefon nirede? / Telefon nirede duryar?
Telefon nirede? / Telefon nirede durýar?
Can I watch television?

Men televizor gorsem bolarmyka?
Men telewizor görsem bolarmyka?
157
When do you eat dinner?
Sen hachan agsham naharyny iyyarsing?
Siz hachan agsham naharyny iyyarsingiz?
Sen haçan agşam naharyny iýýärsiň?
Siz haçan agşam naharyny iýýärsiňiz? (plural, formal)
When do you get up in the morning?
Ir bilen hachan turyarsyng?
Ir bilen hachan turyarsyngyz?
Ir bilen haçan turýarsyň?

Ir bilen haçan turýarsyňyz? (plural, formal)
What time do you go to work?

Sagat nyachede ishe gidyarsing?
Sagat nyachede ishe gidyarsingiz?
Sagat näçede işe gidýärsiň?

Sagat näçede işe gidýärsiňiz? (plural, formal)
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Vocabulary
Basement Bina esasy / yerzemin Bina esasy/ýerzemin
Bathroom Hammam otag Hammam otag
Bathtub Wanna Wanna
Bed Krowat Krowat
Bedroom Yatylyan otag Ýatylýan otag
Bookcase Kitap shkafy / Kitap Kitap şkafy / Kitap tekjesi
tekjesi
Chair Oturgych Oturgyç
Closet Shkaf Şkaf
Table Stol Stol
Dining room Nahar iyilyan otag Nahar iýilýän otag
Door Gapy Gapy
Dresser Komod Komod
Floor Pol Pol
Garage Garaj Garaž
Kitchen Ashhana Aşhana
Lamp Lampa Lampa
Living room Myhman/lar otag Myhman/lar otag
Microwave oven Mikrotolkunly pech Mikrotolkunly peç
One-story Bir gat Bir gat
Oven Pech Peç
Radio Radio Radio
Carpet Haly / Dyushek Haly / Düşek
Second floor Ikinji gat Ikinji gat
Sink Gap yuwulyan nowa / Gap ýuwulýan nowa /
Rakowina Rakowina
Sofa Divan Diwan
Stove Gaz plitasy / Tokly plita Gaz plitasy / Tokly plita
Television Televizor Telewizor
Toaster Toster Toster
Toilet Hajathana Hajathana
Two-story Iki gat Iki gat
Window Ayna / Apishge / Penjire Aýna / Äpişge / Penjire
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 2
1. E Bathroom Hammam otag Hammam otag

2. G Bedroom Ýatylýan otag Yatylyan otag
3. I Dining room Nahar iýilýän otag Nahar iyilyan otag
4. H Door Gapy Gapy
5. J Floor Pol Pol
6. L Window Aýna / Äpişge / Ayna / Apishge /
Penjire Penjire
7. C Garage Garaž Garaj
8. D Living room Myhman/lar otag Myhman/lar otag
9. K Office Ofis / Okalga otag Ofis / Okalga otag
10. A Basement Bina / Esas Bina / Esas
11. B Yard Howly Howly
12. F Kitchen Aşhana Ashhana
Exercise 3
1. There is an antenna on the roof.

1. Uchekde antenna dur.
1. Üçekde antenna dur.
2. There is a bedroom between the office and the bathroom.
2. Yatylyan otag okalga otag bilen hammam otagyng aralygynda yerleshyar.
2. Ýatylýan otag okalga otag bilen hammam otagyñ aralygynda ýerleşýär.
3. There is a yard in front of the house.
3. Jaying ongyunde howly bar.
3. Jaýyň öňünde howly bar.
4. There is a kitchen between the living room and the dining room.
4. Ashhana myhman otag bilen nahar iyilyan otagyng aralygynda yerleshyar.
4. Aşhana myhman otag bilen nahar iýilýän otagyň aralygynda ýerleşýär.
Exercise 5
A 6
B 5
C 2
D 7
E 1
G 3
F 4
A Where is the bathroom? 1. Yes, we have a small garage.

B. Where is the kitchen? 2. The bedroom is next to the living room.
C. Where is the bedroom? 3. Yes, we have a big basement.
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D. Do you have a dining room? 4. We have three bedrooms.
E. Do you have a garage? 5. The kitchen is on the first floor.
F. How many bedrooms do you have? 6. The bathroom is next to the bedroom.
G. Do you have a basement? 7. No, we don’t have a dining room.
A. Hammam otag nirede ýerleşýär? 1. Hawa, biziň kiçijik garažymyz bar.

A. Hammam otag nirede yerleshyar? 1. Hawa, bizing kichijik garajymyz bar.
B. Aşhana nirede ýerleşýär? 2. Ýatylýan otag myhman otagynyň

aňyrsynda.
B. Ashhana nirede yerleshyar? 2. Yatylyan otag myhman otagynyn
angyrsynda.
C. Ýatylýan otag nirede ýerleşýär? 3. Howa, biziň uly ýerzeminimiz bar.

C. Yatylyan otag nirede yerleshyar? 3. Howa, bizing uly yerzeminimiz bar.
H. Sende nahar iýilýän otag barmy? 4. Biziň üç sany ýatylýan otagymyz bar /
Sizde nahar iýilýän otag barmy? (plural, Bizde üç sany ýatylýan otag bar.
formal)
H. Sende nahar iyilyan otag barmy? 4. Bizing yuch sany yatylyan otagymyz bar /
Sizde nahar iyilyan otag barmy? Bizde yuch sany yatylyan otag bar.
I. Garažyň barmy? 5. Aşhana birinji gatda.

Garažyňyz barmy? (plural, formal)
J. Garajyng barmy? 5. Ashhana birinji gatda.
Garajyngyz barmy?
K. Näçe sany ýatylýan otagyň bar? 6. Ýatylýan otag hammam otagyň aňyrsynda.
Näçe sany ýatylýan otagyňyz bar? (plural,
formal)
I. Nyache sany yatylyan otagyng bar? 6. Yatylyan otag hammam otagyng
Nyache sany yatylyan otagyngyz bar? angyrsynda.
J. Seniň ýerzeminiň barmy? 7. Bizde nahar iýilýän otag ýok.

Siziň ýerzeminiňiz barmy? (plural, formal)
K. Sening yerzemining barmy? 7. Bizde nahar iyilyan otag yok.
Sizing yerzeminingiz barmy?
Exercise 10
My name is Arslan. I live with my wife and two children in Mary. We have a small two-story
house. My father lives with us. The house has two bedrooms on the second floor; one for our
two sons and one for my father. My wife and I sleep in the bedroom on the first floor. We have
two bathrooms. We have a large kitchen with a stove, oven, sink and refrigerator. In the kitchen
there is a large table where we eat. We do not have a dining room. Our living room has a sofa, a
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table, two chairs, and a small television. In the evening after dinner, my family and I watch
television.
A. Maryda Maryda Where does the family live?

B. bäş byash How many people live in the house?
C. iki gatly iki gatly Is the house one story or two?
D. üç uch How many bedrooms are there?
E. bir, är / adamsy hem bir, ar / adamsy How many bedrooms are on the first floor? Who
onuň aýaly / adamsy aýaly hem onung ayaly sleeps there?
bilen / adamsy ayaly
bilen
F. iki iki How many bathrooms are there in the house?
G. aşhanada ashhanada Where do they eat their meals?
H. telewizora seredýärler televizora What does the family do in the evening after
seredyarler dinner?
1. hammam otag hammam otag bathroom

2. lampa lampa lamp
3. gap ýuwulýan gap yuwulyan sink
nowa / rakowina nowa / rakowina
4. krowat krowat bed
5. aýna / äpişge / ayna / apishge / window
penjire penjire
6. radio radio radio
7. birinji gat birinji gat first floor
8. üçek uchek roof
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Weather and Seasons

Howa hem Pasyllar

- Vocabulary related to weather, seasons, and climate.
- How to ask for and give temperatures.
- How to understand weather reports.
- How to discuss the weather and climate in the Turkmen language.
1. Listen to the weather terms as they are read aloud. Repeat the weather terms after the speaker.
Rain Sun Wind

Yagysh Gyun Shemal / Yel
Ýagyş Gün Şemal / Ýel
Snow Fog Clouds

Gar Duman Bulutlar
Gar Duman Bulutlar
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2. Match the pictures with the correct weather term. Check your answers with the answer key.
Şemal / Ýel
Shemal / Yel
Gün
Gyun
Ýagyş
Yagysh
Gar
Gar
3. What do you hear? Circle the terms you hear spoken by the native speaker.
PLAY AUDIO
Rain Sun
Snow Wind
Clouds Fog
4. Familiarize yourself with the following terms related to the weather. Pause the recording as
many times as you need. Repeat after the speaker.
Temperature Temperatura Temperatura

Fahrenheit Faringeyt boyuncha Faringeýt boýunça
Celsius Selsiy boyuncha Selsiý boýunça
Weather Howa Howa
Weather forecast Howa maglumaty Howa maglumaty
Weather report Howa barada hasabat Howa barada hasabat
Winter Gysh Gyş
Spring Bahar / Yaz Bahar / Ýaz
Summer Tomus Tomus
Fall Guyz Güýz
Clear Arassa Arassa
Cloudy Bulutly Bulutly
Overcast Tutush bulutlylyk Tutuş bulutlylyk
Windy Shemally / Yelli Şemally / Ýelli
Cold Sowuk Sowuk
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Low temperature Pes temperatura Pes temperatura
Freezing Dongyar / Dongaklyk Doňýar / Doňaklyk
Below freezing Dongma nokadyndan ashak Doňma nokadyndan aşak
Warm Yyly Ýyly
High temperature Yokary temperatura Ýokary temperatura
Hot Yssy Yssy
Dry Gury / Gurak Gury / Gurak
Sunny Gyuneshli Güneşli
Rainy Yagyshly Ýagyşly
In the Turkmen language, in order to say “rainy,” we have to add the “ly” or “li” ending. For example: Rainy –
Ýagyşly (Romanization – Yagyshly); Foggy – Dumanly (Romanization – Dumanly).
5. Listen to the typical questions and responses about the weather. Repeat them after the speaker.
How is the weather in December? Dekabr / Bitaraplyk ayinda howa Dekabr / Bitaraplyk aýynda howa
nyahili? nähili?
It’s cold and snowy. Sowuk hem garly. / Sowuk hem Sowuk hem garly. / Sowuk hem
kop gar yagyar. köp gar ýagýar.
How is the weather in April? Aprel / Gurbansoltan ayinda Aprel / Gurbansoltan aýynda howa
howa nyahili? nähili?
It’s warm and clear. Mayil hem howa dury bolyar. Maýyl hem howa dury bolýar.
How is the weather in July? Iyul / Gorkut ayinda howa Iýul / Gorkut aýynda howa nähili?
nyahili?
It’s sunny and hot. Gyuneshli hem yssy. / Oran Güneşli hem yssy. / Örän yssy.
yssy.
How is the weather in October? Oktyabrda / Garashsyzlyk Oktýabr / Garaşsyzlyk aýynda

ayinda howa nyahili? howa nähili?
It’s windy and rainy. Shemally hem yagynly. / Şemally hem ýagynly. / Şemally
Shemally hem kop yagysh hem köp ýagyş ýagýar.
yagyar.
6. Read the following short dialogues on weather and match each one to a picture below. Check your
1. Şu gün howa nähili?

Shu gun howa nyahili?
Şu gün howa bulutly hem ýagynly.
Shu gun howa bulutly hem yagynly.
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2. Temperatura nähili
Temperatura nyahili
Selsiý boýunça 28 gradus. Howa örän maýyl hem dury.
Selsiy boyuncha 28 gradus. Howa oran mayil hem dury.
3. O taýda howa nähili?

O tayda howa nyahili?
Gar ýagýar hem temperatura nuldan aşak.
Gar yagyar hem temperatura nuldan ashak.
4. Güneşlimi? / Gün çykyp durmy?

Gyuneshlimi? / Gun chykyp durmy?
Ýok, duman hem sowuk.
Yok, duman hem sowuk.
A #____________ B #_______________
C #_____________ D #_____________
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7. Work with a partner. Complete the dialogues according to the models in Exercise 5 and Exercise 6.
Use the vocabulary given below.
Güneşli Ýagyşly Yssy Salkyn Arassa
Gyuneshli Yagyshly Yssy Salkyn Arassa
Dumanly Tutuş Dumanly Doňma Ýyly Gury /

bulutlylyk nokadyndan aşak Gurak
/ Temperatura
nuldan aşak
Dumanly Tutush Dumanly Dongma Yily Gury /

bulutlylyk nokadyndan Gurak
ashak /
Temperatura
nuldan ashak
- Ýanwar / Türkmenbaşy aýynda howa nähili? - Yanwar / Turkmenbashy ayinda howa nyahili?
- ……… hem ……… . - ………hem ……… .
- Maý / Magtymguly aýynda howa nähili? - May / Magtymguly ayinda howa nyahili?
- ………… hem ……. . - ………… hem ……. .
- Awgust / Alp-Arslan aýynda howa nähili? Awgust / Alp-Arslan ayinda howa nyahili?
- ………… hem ……. . - ………… hem ……. .
- Noýabr / Sanjar aýynda howa nähili ? - Noyabr / Sanjar ayinda howa nyahili ?
- ………… hem ……. . - ………… hem ……. .
8. Work with a partner. Put the given words in the correct order, so that you can ask a question and
give an answer about the weather in different places.
Model:
Turkmen
/ Aşgabat/ ýagyş ýagýar / Dekabr / Bitaraplyk aýy / ýok / gar ýagýar / Aşgabat /
Romanization
/ Ashgabat/ yagysh yagyar / Dekabr / Bitaraplyk ayi / yok / gar yagyar / Ashgabat /
Talyp 1: Dekabr / Bitaraplyk aýy + nda Aşgabat + da ýagyş ýagýar + my?

Talyp 1: Dekabr / Bitaraplyk ayinda Ashgabatda yagysh yagyarmy?
167
Talyp 2: Ýok Dekabr / Bitaraplyk aýy + nda Aşgabat + da gar ýagýar.
Talyp 2: Yok Dekabr / Bitaraplyk ayinda Ashgabatda gar yagyar.
1) / Iýun / Oguz aýy / Mary / yssy / Hawa / Maryda / hem / güneşli

/ Iyun / Oguz ayi / Mary / yssy / Hawa / Maryda / hem / gyuneshli
2) / Noýabr / Sanjar aýy /Türkmenabat / sowuk / Türkmenabatda / ýok / hem / (Ýyly / maýyl) / şemally
/ Noyabr / Sanjar ayi /Turkmenabat / sowuk / Turkmenabatda / yok / hem / (Yily / mayil) / shemally
3) / Mart / Nowruz aýy / ýagyşly / hawa / Aşgabatda

/ Mart / Nowruz ayi / yagyshly / hawa / Ashgabatda
9. Listen to the speaker. Mark the statement that you hear. Check your work with the answer
key.
1. A. The weather in September is clear and sunny.

B. The weather in September is rainy and warm.
C. The weather in September is foggy and cold.
2. A. What is the temperature today? It is 22 degrees Celsius.

B. What is the temperature today? It is 22 degrees Fahrenheit.
C. What is the temperature today? It is 22 degrees.
3. A. Is it cold in spring? No, it’s warm and sunny.

B. Is it raining in spring? No, it’s warm and sunny.
C. Is it windy in spring? No, it’s warm and sunny.
4. A. What is the weather forecast for tomorrow? Overcast and cold.

B. What is the weather forecast for tomorrow? Cloudy and cold.
C. What is the weather forecast for tomorrow? Sunny and cold.
5. A. The summers are hot and rainy. The winters are cold and snowy.
B. The summers are hot and dry. The winters are cold and snowy.
C. The summers are hot and sunny. The winters are cold and snowy.
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10. Familiarize yourself with the following terms related to weather and natural disasters. Pause
the recording as many times as you need. Repeat after the speaker.
Lightning Thunderstorm Tornado

Yildyrym Tupan Tuweley
Ýyldyrym Tupan Tuweleý
Hurricane Flood
Harasat / Gay Suw joşguny / Sil gelme
Harasat / Gaý Suw joshguny / Sil gelme
11. What do you hear? Circle the three terms you hear spoken by the native speaker. Check your
Play audio
thunderstorm tornado lightning hurricane flood
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12. Answer the questions. Check your work with the answer key.
A. B. C.
Bu Tupanmy? Bu suw joshupmy? Bu gaymy?

Bu Tupanmy? Bu suw joşupmy? Bu gaýmy?
Yok, bu …….. Yok, bu …….. Yok, bu ……..

Ýok, bu …….. Ýok, bu …….. Ýok, bu ……..
D. E
Bu tuweleymi? Bu yildyrymmy?
Bu tuweleými? Bu ýyldyrymmy?
Yok, bu …….. Yok, bu ……..

Ýok, bu …….. Ýok, bu ……..
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Listen to the following weather report for four different cities in Turkmenistan. In English, fill
in the chart below with the weather and temperature for each city. Pause or replay the audio if needed.
PLAY AUDIO
City Weather Temperature

1.
2.
3.
4.
2. Listen to the following weather report and answer the questions below. Check your work with
the answer key.
PLAY AUDIO
1. What city is the weather report for?

2. What is the date?
3. What day of the week is this?
4. What is the forecast for today?
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5. What will be the high and low temperatures for today?
6. What is the forecast for tomorrow?
7. What will be the high and low temperatures for tomorrow?
8. What time of the day tomorrow is the high temperature expected?
9. Are the temperatures in Fahrenheit, Celsius, or was it not mentioned?
3. Working in pairs or small groups, describe the pictures. Using the vocabulary you’ve learned in this
lesson, compose a story to match the pictures. Include the season of the year, the name of the month, the
type of weather it seems to be, etc).
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Vocabulary
Weather Howa Howa
Weather forecast Howa maglumaty Howa maglumaty
Weather report Howa barada hasabat Howa barada hasabat
Rain Yagysh Ýagyş
Sun Gyun Gün
Wind Shemal / Yel Şemal / Ýel
Snow Gar Gar
Fog Duman Duman
Lightning Yildyrym Ýyldyrym
Thunderstorm Tupan Tupan
Tornado Tuweley Tuweleý
Hurricane clouds Tupan bulutlary Tupan bulutlary
Rainy Yagyshly Ýagyşly
Sunny Gyuneshli Güneşli
Cloudy Bulutly Bulutly
Freezing Dongma / Dongaklyk Doňma / Doňaklyk
Clear Arassa Arassa
Temperature Temperatura Temperatura
Fahrenheit Faringeyt boyuncha Faringeýt boýunça
Celsius Selsiy boyuncha Selsiý boýunça
Hot Yssy Yssy
Cold Sowuk Sowuk
Warm Yyly Ýyly
Dry Gury / Gurak Gury / Gurak
Overcast Oran bulutly örän bulutly
Windy Shemally / Yelli Şemally / Ýelli
Winter Gysh Gyş
Spring Bahar / Yaz Bahar / Ýaz
Summer Tomus Tomus
Fall Guyz Güýz
High Yokary Ýokary
Low Pes / Ashak Pes / Aşak
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 2
Wind Şemal / Ýel Shemal / Yel

Sun Gün Gyun
Rain Ýagyş Yagysh
Snow Gar Gar
Exercise 3
A. Sun Gün Gyun

B. Wind Şemal / Ýel Shemal / Yel
C. Clouds Bulutlar Bulutlar
Exercise 6
A 4 It’s foggy and cold.

B 1 It is overcast and raining.
C 2 It is 28 degrees Celsius! It is very warm and clear.
D 3 It’s snowing and below freezing.
Exercise 9
1. B The weather in September is rainy and warm.

2. B What is the temperature today? It is 22 degrees Fahrenheit.
3. A Is it cold in the spring? No, it’s warm and sunny.
4. C What is the weather forecast for tomorrow? Sunny and cold.
5. C The summers are hot and sunny. The winters are cold and snowy.
1. B. Sentýabr / Ruhnama aýynda howa ýagyşly hem maýyl.

B. Sentyabr / Ruhnama ayinda howa yagyshly hem mayil.
2. B. Şu gün ٛ emperature näçe? / Şu gün näçe gradus? Faringeýt boýunça 22 gradus.

B. Shu gun ٛ emperature nyache? / Shu gun nyache gradus? Faringeyt boyuncha 22
gradus.
3. A. Bahar pasly sowukmy? Ýok, bahar pasly maýyl hem güneşli.
A. Bahar pasly sowukmy? Yok, bahar pasly mayil hem gyuneshli.
4. C. Ertirki howa maglumaty nähili? Güneşli hem sowuk.

C. Ertirki howa maglumaty nyahili? Gyuneshli hem sowuk.
5. C. Tomus pasly yssy hem güneşli. Gyş pasly sowuk hem garly.
C. Tomus pasly yssy hem gyuneshli. Gysh pasly sowuk hem garly.
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Exercise 11
thunderstorm Tupan Tupan

lightning Ýyldyrym Yildyrym
flood Suw joşguny / Suw alma Suw joshguny / Sil gelme
Exercise 12
A. Is it a thunderstorm? No, it is lightning.

B. Is it a flood? No, it is a tornado.
C. Is it a hurricane? No, it is a thunderstorm.
D. Is it a tornado? No, it is a flood.
E. Is it lightning? No, it is a hurricane.
Geliň indi ertir, 2006-njy (iki müň altynjy) ýylyň Awgust / Alp Arslan aýynyň 15-ne (on bäşine) boljak howa
maglumaty bilen tanyş bolalyň. Paýtagtymyz Aşgabatda gündizine açyk hem yssy howa bolup 39-41 (otuz
dokuz – kyrk bir), gijesine 25-28 (ýigrimi bäş – ýigrimi sekiz) gradus bolup açyk hem maýyl howanyň
bolmagyna garaşylýar.
Ýurdumyzyň demirgazygynda – Daşoguzda howa şemally, gündiz 8-10 (sekiz - on) metre ýetýän şemal
bolup, howa 36-38 (otuz alty – otuz sekiz) gradus yssy bolar, gijesine bolsa 22-27 (ýigrimi iki – ýigrimi ýedi)
gradus howanyň bolmagyna garaşylýar.
Türkmenabatda hem günüň ikinji ýarymynda 5-8 (bäş - sekiz) metre ýetýän şemally howa bolup - gündiz
temperatura 37 (otuz ýedi)- gradusdan 40 (kyrk) gradusa çenli yssy bolar, gijesine howanyň temperaturasy 24-
26 (ýigrimi dört – ýigrimi alty) gradus.
Ertir Maryda açyk hem yssy howa bolar. Gündiz 38-40 (otuz sekiz - kyrk), hem gije 25-28 (ýigrimi bäş –
ýigrimi sekiz) gradus açyk we maýyl howa bolar.
Ýurdumyzyň günbatarynda – Türkmenbaşyda Awgust / Alp Arslan aýynyň 15-ne (on bäşine) howa çygly
hem yssy bolar, gündizine 34-38 (otuz dört – otuz sekiz) gradus yssy, gijesine sekuntda 11-13 (on bir – on üç)
metre ýetýän ýeliň bolmagyna garaşylýar, howanyň temperaturasy gije 20-23 (ýigrimi – ýigrimi üç) gradus
salkyn.
Now, let’s get acquainted with the weather forecast for tomorrow, August 15, 2006.
In our capital, Ashgabat, the weather will be fair and hot, the daytime temperature will be +39ºC to +41ºC, and at night it
will be +25ºC to +28ºC, with fair and warm weather.
In the Northern part of the country, in Dashoguz, the weather will be windy during the daytime, 8-10 m/sec, hot weather ,
with temperatures from +36ºC to +38ºC, and the night time temperature will be +22ºC to +27ºC.
In the East, the second half of the day in Turkmenabat will also be windy, 5-8 m/sec, the weather will be hot during the
day, from +37ºC up to +40ºC, and the temperature at night will be +24ºC to +26ºC.
The weather in Mary, in the Southern part of the country, will be fair and hot tomorrow, with +38ºC to +40ºC for the
daytime temperature, and the night will be fair and warm with +25ºC to +28ºC.
In the western part of the country, in Turkmenbashy, the weather will be wet and hot. The daytime temperature will be
+34ºC to +38ºC. Windy weather is expected at night, 11-13m/sec, which will bring cool temperatures +20ºC to +23ºC.
The October temperatures are not typical for this time of the year, but the heat is made more bearable by the low
humidity.
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City Weather Temperature
Fair and hot 39-41 – day time
Ashgabat
Fair and warm 25-28 – at night
36-38 – day time
Dashoguz Hot and windy, 8-10 m/sec
22-27 – at night
37-40 – day time
Turkmenabat Hot, and windy, 5-8 m/sec
24-26 – at night
Fair and hot 38-40 – day time
Mary
Fair and warm 25-28 – at night
Hot and wet (high humidity)
34-38 – day time
Turkmenbashy Cool at night and windy, 11-13
20-23 – at night
m/sec.
Şäher Howa Temperatura

Açyk hem yssy howa 39-41 – gündizine
1. Aşgabat
Açyk hem maýyl 25-28 – gijesine
Yssy hem şemally –
36-38 – gündizine
2. Daşoguz sekuntda 8-10 metre
22-27 – gijesine
ýetýän şemal
Yssy, öýlän sekuntda
3. Türkmenabat 5-8 metre ýetýän şemal
24-26 – gijesine
bolmagyna garaşylýar
Açyk hem yssy howa 38-40 – gündizine
4. Mary
Açyk hem maýyl 25-28 – gijesine
Çygly hem yssy
Gijesine salkyn bolup,
5. Türkmenbaşy sekuntda 11-13 metre
20-23 – gijesine
ýetýän ýeliň
bolmagyna garaşylýar
Exercise 2
1. What city is the weather report for? Ashgabat.

2. What is the date? April 21.
3. What day of the week is this? Friday.
4. What is the forecast for today? Rainy with a chance of a thunderstorm this evening.
5. What will be the high and low temperatures for today? High of 18 and low of 8.
6. What is the forecast for tomorrow? Cloudy in the morning but sunny in the afternoon.
7. What will be the high and low temperatures for tomorrow? High of 22 and low of 12.
8. What time of the day tomorrow is the high temperature expected? 3:00 pm.
9. Are the temperatures in Fahrenheit, Celsius, or was it not mentioned? Celsius.
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Anna güni, Aprel / Gurbansoltan aýynyň 21 (ýigrimi birine), Aşgabat şaherinde boljak howa barada maglumat.
Şu gün howa ýagyşly bolup agşamyna tupan bolmagyna garaşylýar. Ertir irden howa bulutly bolup günortadan
soň bolsa güneşli howanyň bolmagyna garaşylýar. Şonuň ýaly ýelli / şemally howa bolar. Howanyň aşaky
temperaturasy Selsiý boýunça 8 (sekiz) gradusdan ýokary temperatura 18 (on sekiz) gradusa çenli bolar. Şenbe /
Ruh güni sagat öýlan 3:00 (üçda) howanyň ýokary temperaturasy 22 (ýigrimi iki) gradus bolup, howanyň aşaky
temperaturasy 12 (on iki) gradus bolar.
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Personal Appearance
Daşky Görk/i / Daşky Keşp / Daşky Sypat

- One’s physical features (hair color, weight, height, etc.).
- Articles of clothing.
- Colors.
- Descriptions of a person’s physical appearance, including the clothing.
- Appropriate ways to ask about someone’s appearance.
1. Look at the pictures below and familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the
descriptions of people’s appearances.
Tall Short Heavy Thin Young Old
Uzyn Gysga / Kelte Dayaw / Arryk / Yash Garry

Agyr (If you Hor/Yenil (If
are talking you talking
about things) about things)
Uzyn Gysga / Kelte Daýaw / Arryk / Ýaş Garry

Agyr (If you Hor/Ýeňil (If
are talking you talking
about things) about things)
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Short Long Blond Red Gray
Agymtyl / Sary
Gysga / Kelte Uzyn rengk Gyzyl Chal
Gysga / Kelte Uzyn Agymtyl / Sary Gyzyl Çal

reñk
2. Look at the pictures below and listen to the descriptions of people’s appearances.
This woman is young. This man is also young.

Bu ayal yash. Bu erkek adam hem yash.
Bu aýal ýaş. Bu erkek adam hem ýaş.
She is tall and thin. He has an average height and medium frame.
Ol uzyn hem hor / arryk Ol orta boyly hem bedeni / aralyk gurlushly.
Ol uzyn hem hor / arryk Ol orta boýly hem bedeni / aralyk gurluşly.
There are not any differences in the gender use of adjectives in the Turkmen language.
For example:
This boy is very tall and thin - Ol oglan örän uzyn hem inçe – (Romanization – Ol oglan oran uzyn hem inche).
This girl is very tall and thick - Ol gyz örän uzyn hem semiz /dayaw – (Romanization –Ol gyz oran uzyn hem
semiz / dayav).
His has long black hair - Onuň uzyn gara saçy bar (Romanization – Onung uzyn gara sachy bar).
She has long gray hair - Onuň uzyn çal saçy bar (Romanization – Onung uzyn gara sachy bar).
179
speaker and repeat as you follow along in the workbook.
Hair: Blond Agymtyl sary rengk Agymtyl sary reňk

Brown Gongur Goňur
Red Gyzyl Gyzyl
Gray Chal Çal
Curly Buyra Buýra
Straight Goni / Dogry Göni / Dogry
This young woman has short brown hair. This young man also has short brown hair.
- Bu yash ayalyng gysga / kelte gongur sachy bar. Bu yash erkek adamyng hem gysga / kelte gongur
sachy bar.
- Bu ýaş aýalyň gysga / kelte goňur saçy bar. Bu ýaş erkek adamyň hem gysga / kelte goňur saçy
bar.
The young girl has long blond hair. The old man has gray hair.
Bu yash gyzyng sachy uzyn agymtyl / sary rengkli. Bu garry adamyng sachy chal.
Bu ýaş gyzyň saçy uzyn agymtyl / sary reňkli. Bu garry adamyň saçy çal.
180
4. Work with a partner. Look at the pictures and describe each of the people. See if your partner
can correctly identify the body type as well as their color and style of hair from your description.
speaker and repeat as you follow along in the workbook.
Ear Nose Eye Mouth Glasses Beard

Gulak Burun Goz Agyz Aynek Sakgal
Gulak Burun Göz Agyz Äýnek Sakgal
Light Skin Medium Skin Dark Skin

Ak yuzli Bugday rengkli Garayagyz / Garapereng
Ak ýüzli Bugdaý reňkli Garaýagyz / Garapereň
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6. From the lists above, choose the characteristics and adjectives used to describe each feature. Fill in the
chart below in Turkmen. Check your answers with the answer key.
Hair Skin Height Frame Facial Features
7. In each line of text below, cross out the term that does not logically belong. Check your work with the
answer key.
Gök Ýaşyl Hor / Arryk Goňur

Gok Yashyl Hor / Arryk Gongur
Kelte / Gysga Äýnek Uzyn Aralyk

Kelte/ Gysga Aynek Uzyn Aralyk
Burun Sakgal Daýaw / Gözler

Agyr (If you are
talking about things)
Burun Sakgal Dayaw / Gozler
Agyr (If you are
talking about things)
Agymtyl / Sary reňk Çal Boý / Uzynlyk Goýy / Gara

Agymtyl / Sary rengk Chal Boy / Uzynlyk Goyi / Gara
8. Listen to the descriptions of different people’s appearances while you read the following
dialogues. Answer the questions, and then check your answers with the answer key.
1.
Maýsanyň saçynyň reňki nähili?
Maysanyng sachynyng rengki nyahili?
Onuň saçy goňur.

Onung sachy gongur.
Maýsanyň saçy uzynmy ýa-da gysga/ kelte?

Maysanyng sachy uzynmy ya-da gysga/ kelte?
182
Kelte/ Gysga.
Kelte/ Gysga.
Maýsanyň saçy buýramy ýa-da göni?

Maysanyng sachy buyramy ya-da goni?
Göni
Goni
2.
Baýram äýnek dakynýarmy?
Bayram aynek dakynyarmy?
Ýok ol äýnek dakynanok.

Yok ol aynek dakynanok.
Baýramyň gözleriniň reňki nähili?

Bayramyng gozlerining rengki nyahili?
Onuň gözleri gök.

Onung gozleri gok.
3.
Berdi uzynmy?
Berdi uzynmy?
Ol orta boýly.
Ol orta boyly.
Ol daýawmy?
Ol dayawmy?
Ýok ol hor.
Yok ol hor.
Questions:
1. How many people were described?

2. What were their names?
3. What kind of hair does Maysa have?
4. Does Bayram wear glasses?
5. Does Bayram have brown eyes?
6. Is Berdi short and heavy?
183
9. Familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary on clothing and colors. Listen and repeat after the
speaker.
Black Gara Gara

Gray Chal Çal
Green Yashyl Ýaşyl
Red Gyzyl Gyzyl
Blue Gok Gök
Yellow Sary Sary
White Ak Ak
Red Coat Gray Suit Tan Pants Blue Jeans

Gyzyl postun Chal (rengkli) Achyk gongur balak / Gok jinsi
penjek balak Jalwar
Gyzyl postun Çal (reňkli) penjek Açyk goňur balak / Gök jinsi
balak Jalwar
Green Jacket Brown Sweater Orange Shirt Blue T-Shirt

Yashyl jaket / kurtka Gongur switer Myamishi rengkli Gok futbolka / Sport
koynek koynegi
Ýaşyl žaket / kurtka Goňur switer Mämişi reňkli köýnek Gök futbolka / Sport
köýnegi
184
Green Skirt Purple Dress White Sweat Suit Yellow Shorts
Yashyl yubka Kul rengkli koynek Ak sport kostyumy Sary shorty / Kelte
balak
Ýaşyl ýubka Kül reňkli köýnek Ak sport kostýumy Sary şorty / Kelte
balak
Brown Boots Blue Shoes Black Hat Gray Uniform

Gongur adik Gok kowush Gara telpek / Papak Chal forma eshigi
Goňur ädik Gök kowüş Gara telpek / Papak Çal forma eşigi
Black Socks White Socks

Gara jorap Ak jorap
Gara jorap Ak jorap
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10. Match each description with the corresponding picture. Fill in the blank with the correct letter. Note
that there could be more than one match. Check your work with the answer key.
A B C D E
1. ……. garry aýal. 8. ……. sary koynek geyyar.
1. ……. garry ayal. 9. ……. gök futbolka geýýär.
2. ……. saçy agymtyl / sary reňkli. 9. ……. gok futbolka geyyar.
2. ……. sachy agymtyl / sary rengkli. 10…….. daýaw.
3. ……. uzyn goňur saçy bar. 10…….. dayaw.
3. ……. uzyn gongur sachy bar.
4. ……. çal reňkli penjek balak geýýär.
4. ……. chal rengkli penjek balak geyyar.
5. ……. gök balak / jalbyr geýýär.
5. ……. gok balak / jalwar geyyar.
6. ……. ýaş eje / ene.
6. ……. yash eje / ene.
7. ……. uzyn hem arryk / hor.
7. ……. uzyn hem arryk / hor.
8. ……. sary köýnek geýýär.
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11. Translate the following descriptions into English. Check your work with the answer key.
A. Şirin uzyn hem arryk. Ol 30 (otuz) ýaşynda. Onuň agymtyl / sary burma saçy, ýaşyl gözleri hem ak ýüzi bar.
Shirin uzyn hem arryk. Ol 30 (otuz) yashynda. Onung agymtyl / sary burma sachy, yashyl gozleri hem ak yuzi
bar.
B. Döwran uzyn hem daýaw. Ol 45 (kyrk bäş) ýaşynda. Onuň gysga çal saçy, gök gözleri hem ak ýüzi bar.
Dowran uzyn hem dayaw. Ol 45 (kyrk byash) yashynda. Onung gysga chal sachy, gok gozleri hem ak yuzi
bar.
C. Esgeriň gara gysga saçy bar. Ol kelte hem arryk.

Esgering gara gysga sachy bar. Ol kelte hem arryk.
D. Bu ýaş gyzjagaz 10 (on) ýaşynda. Ol uzyn hem hor. Onuň uzyn goňur saçy, goňur gözleri hem bugdaý reňkli
ýüzi bar.
Bu yash gyzjagaz 10 (on) yashynda. Ol uzyn hem inche. Onung uzyn gongur sachy, gongur gozleri hem
bugday rengkli yuzi bar.
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Describe the people you see in the pictures. For each person, include the approximate age, skin tone,
color and length of hair, and what he or she is wearing. Use the model:
1 2 3
4 5 6
2. Come up with a simple description for each of the people listed below. (You may substitute any
individual you wish for those listed.) Be sure to include hair color and length, approximate height and
age, eye color, and skin tone.
Example:
My mother is 63 years old. She is tall and has a medium frame. She has short, gray hair and brown eyes. She
has light skin. She wears glasses.
188
A. Mother
B. Father
C. Co-worker
D. President of the United States
E. Your next door neighbor
3. Work in pairs. Pretend that you and your partner are roommates. When you went to the store,
someone came to visit you. Now you are back. Ask your roommate questions about that person’s
appearance. Your partner will describe the visitor. In Turkmen, say how he or she looked (was he or she
tall or short? Was he or she heavy or thin? What kind of hair did he or she have? What was he wearing?
What colors were the clothes?).
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Vocabulary
Average Orta / Aralyk Orta / Aralyk
Beard Sakgally Sakgally
Black Gara Gara
Blond Agymtyl / Sary rengk Agymtyl / Sary reňk
Blue Gok Gök
Blue jeans Gok jinsi Gök jinsi
Boots Adik Ädik
Brown Gongur Goňur
Color Renk Reňk
Curly Buyra Buýra
Dark Gara / Goyi Gara / Goýy
Dress Koynek / Geyim Köýnek / Geýim
Ears Gulaklar Gulaklar
Eyes Gozler Gözler
Face Yuz Ýüz
Frame Gowre / Beden Göwre / Beden
Glasses Aynek Äýnek
Gray Chal Çal
Green Yashyl Ýaşyl
Hair Sach Saç
Hat Papak / Telpek Papak / Telpek
Jacket Jaket / Kurtka Žaket / Kurtka
Large Uly / Ullakan Uly / Ullakan
Light as color – achyk rengk as color – açyk reňk
as weight – yengil as weight – ýeňil
Man Erkek adam Erkek adam
Medium Orta Orta
Mouth Agyz Agyz
Nose Burun Burun
Old Garry Garry
Pants Balak / Jalwar Balak / Jalwar
Red Gyzyl Gyzyl
Shirt Koynek Köýnek
Shoes Kowush Köwüş
Short Gysga / Kelte Gysga / Kelte
Skin Deri / Ham Deri / Ham
Skirt Yubka Ýubka
Small Kichi Kiçi
Straight Dogry / Goni Dogry / Göni
Suit Penjek bilen balak Penjek bilen balak
Sweater Switer Switer
Sweats Sport eshigi Sport eşigi
Tall Uzyn Uzyn
Thin Arryk / Hor Arryk / Hor
190
To wear Geymek Geýmek
T-shirt Futbolka Futbolka
White Ak Ak
Woman Ayal Aýal
Yellow Sary Sary
Young Yash Ýaş
191
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 6
Hair Skin Height Frame Facial Features

Gysga / As color – Açyk Uzyn Daýaw / Gulak
Kelte As weight – Ýeňil (If we talk about
agram something) - Agyr
Uzyn Orta Gysga / Arryk / Inçe Burun
Kelte
Agymtyl / Gara / Goýy Göz
Sary reňk
Gyzyl Agyz
Çal Äýnek
Sakgal
Exercise 7
1. thin Arryk / Hor

2. glasses Äýnek
3. heavy Daýaw / (If we talk about something) - Agyr
4. height Boý / Uzynlyk
Exercise 8
1. How many people were described? Three.

2. What were their names? Maysa, Bayram, and Berdi.
3. What kind of hair does Maysa have? Short, straight, and brown.
4. Does Bayram wear glasses? No.
5. Does Bayram have brown eyes? No, he has blue eyes.
6. Is Berdi short and heavy? No, average height and thin.
Exercise 10
1. D is an old woman.
2. E has blond hair.
3. B has long brown hair.
4. A is wearing a gray suit
5. E is wearing blue pants.
6. C is a young mother.
7. C is tall and thin.
8. C is wearing a yellow dress.
9. B is wearing a blue t-shirt.
10. A is heavy.
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Exercise 11
1. Shirin is tall and thin. She is 30 years old. She has blond curly hair, green eyes, and fair skin.
2. Dovran is tall and heavy. He is 45 years old. He has short gray hair, blue eyes, and light skin.
3. The soldier has dark short hair. He is short and thin.
4. The young girl is 10 years old. She is tall and thin. She has long brown hair, brown eyes, and dark
skin.
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Transportation
Ulag / Ulag serişdeleri

- Verbs of motion.
- Ways of asking questions regarding the different modes of transportation.
- Different types of transportation available in the target country.
The transportation system has changed greatly in the last few years. A new 540km line, linking
Kypchak and Dashoguz, was completed recently in Turkmenistan. There is a plan to start
building an extension beyond Dashoguz as far as Turkmenbashy in 2007, with an expected
finishing date in 2010. Recently the car fleet was enlarged with the modern and high-speed
Chinese trains.
In every town is a place where you can get cars with drivers (in the marketplace or next to the
stations). You can call them "taxis," and everyone will understand you. For a simple car, without
air-conditioning, you will pay about $15 US for a 3 hour ride. For this price, the car is only for
you (and the driver). For a really good car you might pay up to $50 US. If you want to go
somewhere 200km away from the capital, no problem, it’s just $15US! If you don’t want to take
the bus or train, you can share the costs with a friend; it’s a good way to travel. Because of the
bad conditions of the roads, the cattle and camels on the streets, as well as cars or trucks without
lights and other handicaps, you can ask the driver to slow down.
Buses, trolley-buses and jitneys (a non-stop vehicle, which goes faster than the regular bus and
stops at the request of the passengers) are also very popular among the people who live in town.
They criss-cross the town from 6 a.m. until 12 p.m., and it is the cheapest way to get to any place
in town.
One can also travel by air to different parts of the country. Domestic lines are supplied with
super, modern airliners like Boeing and can make your journey comfortable and enjoyable.
Turkmenistan is very remarkable for the low transportation fees, as for example:
The journey on public buses cost – 50 manat – 0.0096 cents
The journey on jitneys-marshrutka costs – 1000 manat – 0.1923 cents
Air ticket – domestic lines – 34 000 – 36 000 manat – 6.5 USD – 6.9 USD
Train ticket – domestic lines – about 30 000 - 35 000manat - 5.7 USD – 6.7 USD
Ferry – very roughly somewhere between 40 – 60 USD (route only Ashgabat – Baku)
Private buses – domestic – for example: Ashgabat – Dashoguz – 150 000 – 29 USD
Private vehicles – domestic – for example: Ashgabat – Dashoguz – 300 000 – 57.6 USD
(Please note that all equivalents of the given prices are calculated at the Bank exchange rate –
black market rate of course will be a lot cheaper)
194
1. Listen and repeat the following words as you read along.
Airplane Bicycle Ship Bus

Uchar Tigir (tires are also Gyami Awtobus
called tigir in
Turkmen)
Uçar Tigir (tires are also Gämi Awtobus
called tigir in
Turkmen)
Car Ferry Boat Helicopter

Ulag / Yengil mashyn Parom Dikuchar/Wertolyot
Ulag / Ýeňil maşyn Parom Dikuçar/Wertolýot
Motorcycle Taxi Train Truck

Motosikl Taksi Otly Yuk ulagy / Agyr yuk
goteryan mashyn
Motosikl Taksi Otly Ýük ulagy / Agyr ýük
göterýän maşyn
Notes:
To walk – Ýöremek / Ýöräp gitmek (Romanization – Yoremek / Yorap gitmek)
To drive – Sürmek / Sürüp gitmek (Romanization – Syurmek / Surup gitmek)
To ride – Gitmek / Münüp gitmek (bir zada münüp gitmek (ulaga –maşyna, awtobusa,
trolleýbusa, otla & etc.) münüp gitmek) (Romanization – gitmek / munup gitmek (bir zada
munup gitmek), (ulaga – mashina, awtobusa, trolleybusa, otla and etc.) munup gitmek)
195
There are no special grammar notes for these verbs, other than the tenses which are added
as endings.
Present Tense – ýär; - ýar – for example: ýöreýär / ýöräp gidýär, sürýär, gidýär / münüp
gidýär (Romanization – yar; – yar – for example: yoreyar / yorap gidyar, suryar, gidyar /
munup gidyar)
Future Tense - -jak; -jek; -ar; -er; -är – for example: ýörejek - ýörär / ýöräp gitjek - ýöräp
gider, sürjek - sürer, gitjek - gider / münüp gitjek - münüp gider (Romanization - -jak; -
jek; -ar; -er; -ar – for example: yorejek - yorar / yorap gitjek - yorap gider, surjek - surer, gitjek -
gider / munup gitjek - munup gider)
Past Tense – dy; -di – for example: ýöredi / ýöräp gitdi; sürdi /sürüp gitdi; gitdi / münüp
gitdi (Romanization – dy; -di – for example: yoredi / yorap gitdi; surdi /surup gitdi; gitdi /
munup gitdi)
Concert – Konsert – (Romanization – Konsert). For example: We will walk to the concert –
Biz konserde ýöräp gideris. (Romanization – Biz konserde yorap gideris.)
Library – Kitaphana – (Romanization – Kitaphana). For example: Aman rides his bicycle to
the library – Aman kitaphana öz tigirinde gidýär. / Aman kitaphana öz tigirine münüp
gidýär. (Romanization – Aman kitaphana oz tigirinde gidyar. / Aman kitaphana oz tigirine
munup gidyar.)
Gas station- Benzin guýulýan duralga – (Romanization – Benzin guyulyan duralga). For
example: He drove a truck to the gas station – Ol ýük ulagy benzin guýulýan duralgasyna
sürdi. (Romanization – Ol yuk ulagy benzin guyulyan duralgasyna surdi.)
2. Listen to the questions and answers about using different forms of transportation.
Repeat after the speaker as you read along.
How do you go to work?

Sen nädip işe gidýärsiň?
Siz nädip işe gidýärsiňiz? (plural, formal)
Sen nyadip ishe gidyarsing?
Siz nyadip ishe gidyarsingiz?
196
by car car
by bus bus
by train train
I take
I go by bicycle bicycle I walk
the
by boat boat
by motorcycle motorcycle
by truck truck
1. ulagda / maşýnda gidýärin 1. ulagda / maşýnda gidýärin

2. awtobusda gidýärin 2. awtobusda gidýärin
3. otlyda gidýärin 3. otlyda gidýärin
Men 4. tigirde gidýärin 4. tigirde gidýärin
5. gämide gidýärin 5. gämide gidýärin
6. motosiklde gidýärin 6. motosiklde gidýärin Men
7. ýük ulagynda / maşynda 7. ýük ulagynda / maşynda ýöräp
gidýärin Men gidýärin gidýärin.
Model: who + destination + mode of transportation + the verb of motion.
For Example: I ride a bus to school.

Turkmen
Men mekdebe awtobusda gidýärin / awtobusly gidýärin ýa-da awtobusa münüp gidýärin.
Romanization
Men mekdebe awtobusda gidyarin / awtobusly gidyarin ya-da awtobusa munup gidyarin.
3. Read each statement below and match it with the correct picture. Check your work
with the answer key.
1 2 3
197
4 5 6
A. Men her gün irden mekdebe awtobusda gidýärin

A. Men her gun irden mekdebe awtobusda gidyarin.
B. Esgerler gullukda ýük ulagyny / maşynyny sürýärler

B. Esgerler gullukda yuk ulagyny / mashynyny suryarler.
C. Ýagyş ýaganda biz takside gidýäris.

C. Yagysh yaganda biz takside gidyaris.
D. Men işe öz maşynymda gidýärin. / Men işe öz maşynymy münüp gidýärin

D. Men ishe oz mashynymda gidyarin. / Men ishe oz mashynymy munup gidyarin.
E. Meniň dostum işine öz tigirinde gidýär. / Meniň dostum işine öz tigirini münüp gidýär.
E. Mening dostum ishine oz tigirinde gidyar. / Mening dostum ishine oz tigirini munup
gidyar.
F. Meniň erkek doganym / inim motosikl münýär.

F. Mening erkek doganym / inim motosikl munar.
198
4. Practice creating complete sentences out of the words below. Use the following model.
Model: who + the verb of motion + mode of transportation + destination
Example: I ride a bus to school.

Romanization
Men mekdebe awtobusda gidyarin / awtobusly gidyarin ýa-da awtobusa munup gidyarin.
Turkmen
Men mekdebe awtobusda gidýärin / awtobusly gidýärin ya-da awtobusa münüp gidýärin.
I Motorcycle my to ride to school Bicycle our car

brother parents .
Men Motosikl Gitmek / verb Mekdep Tigir Ulag /
Mening munup ending Bizing yengil
Men Motosikl erkek gitmek ( +mak; Mekdep Tigir ene- mashyn
doganym bir zada +mek; atalarymyz
/ Inim (ulaga – e.g. git – Ulag /
awtobusa, go / Biziň ene- ýeňil
Meniň mashyna, gitmek – atalarymyz maşyn
erkek trolleybusa, to go
doganym otla & etc.)
/ Inim munup verb
gitmek) ending
+mak;
Gitmek / +mek;
münüp e.g. git –
gitmek ( go /
bir zada gitmek –
(ulaga – to go
awtobusa,
maşyna,
trolleýbusa,
otla & etc.)
münüp
gitmek)
airport my friend concert library to drive train taxi bus to walk
Aeroport Mening Konsert Kitaphana Surmek Otly Taksi Awtobus Yoremek

dostum /surup / Yoryap
Aeroport Konsert Kitaphana gitmek Otly Taksi Awtobus gitmek
Meniň
dostum Sürmek Ýöremek
/sürüp / Ýöräp
gitmek gitmek
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1.
A: Hello, excuse me; I want to go to the library. How do I get there?
A: Salam, bagyşlaň; Men kitaphana barmakçy. Men nähili baryp bilerkäm?
B: Hello, take bus number 6 from this bus stop.

B: Salam, şu awtobus duralgasyndan 6-nji (altynji) awtobusa münersiňiz.
A: Thank you.
A: Sag bol.
Sag boluň. (plural, formal)
2.
- Excuse me; I want to go to the post office. How do I get there?
- Bagyşla; Men poçta barmakçy. Men nähili baryp bilerkäm?
Bagyşlaň (plural, formal); Men poçta barmakçy. Men nähili baryp bilerkäm?
- Bus number 14.

- 14-nji (ondördünji) awtobusda.
-Thank you.
- Sag bol.
5. Listen to, and read along with, the following exchanges. Repeat after the speaker.
- Excuse me. I want to go to the library. How do I get there?

- Bagyshla, men kitaphana barmakchy. Men nyahili baryp bilerkam?
Bagyshlang, men kitaphana barmakchy. Men nyahili baryp bilerkam?
- Bagyşla, men kitaphana barmakçy. Men nähili baryp bilerkäm?

Bagyşlaň, men kitaphana barmakçy (plural, formal). Men nähili baryp bilerkäm?
- Take bus number 14.
14-lik belgili awtobusa mun.

14-lik belgili awtobusa munung.
14-lik belgili awtobusa mün.

14-lik belgili awtobusa münüň. (plural, formal)
- Thanks.
Sag bol.
Sag bolung.
Sag bol.
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- You are welcome.
Bash ustune.
Baş üstüne.
- How do I get to the hospital?

Men keselhana nyahili baryp bilerkam?
Men keselhana nähili baryp bilerkäm?
- Take a taxi.
Taksa mun.
Taksa munung.
Taksä mün.
Taksä münüň. (plural, formal)
- Thank you very much.

Kop sag bol.
Kop sag bolung.
Köp sag bol.

Köp sag boluň. (plural, formal)
- You are welcome.

Bash ustune.
Baş üstüne.
- Please tell me how to get to the hotel from the airport?

Hayisht edyan, manga aeroportdan otele / myhmanhana nyahili barmalydygyny ayday.
Hayisht edyan, manga aeroportdan otele / myhmanhana nyahili barmalydygyny aydaying.
Haýyşt edýän, maňa aeroportdan myhmanhana nähili barmalydygyny aýdaý.

Haýyşt edýän, maňa aeroportdan myhmanhana nähili barmalydygyny aýdaýyň. (plural, formal)
- Take the train.

Otla mun / Otlyda / Otly bilen.
Otla munung / Otlyda / Otly bilen.
Otla mün / Otlyda / Otly bilen.

Otla münüň / Otlyda / Otly bilen.
- What number?
Haysy belgili?
Haýsy belgili?
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- Train number 22.
22- nji otly.
22- nji otly.
6. Work with a partner, and make up similar exchanges. Use the words from Exercise 5
and the pictures below to choose the destination.
7. Now listen to the dialogues and mark the statement that you hear. Check your
1. A. Do you take a taxi to the concert? No, I take my car.

B. Do you take a bus to the concert? No, I take my car.
C. Do you take a train to the concert? No, I take my car.
2. A. What bus should I take to the post office? Bus number 18.
B. What street should I take to the post office? 18th Street.
C. What exit should I take to the post office? Exit 18.
3. A. My parents drive their cars to work, but we ride our bicycles.

B. My parents drive their cars to work, but we walk.
C. My parents drive their cars to work, but we take the train.
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At a service station
Ulag Bejerilýän Ýerde
8. Familiarize yourself with the following vocabulary. Listen to the speaker and
follow along in your book.
Gas Gaz Gaz

Gas station Benzin alynyan duralga Benzin alynýan duralga
Service station Ulag bejerilyan yer Ulag bejerilýän ýer
Diesel Yangych Ýangyç
Car wash Ulag yuwulyan yer Ulag ýuwulýan ýer
Oil Yag Ýag
Tires Tigir Tigir
Air Howa Howa
Water Suw Suw
Flat tire Yel goyweren tigir Ýel göýweren tigir
Note:
1 gallon = 3.785 liters – 1 gallon – 3.785 litr

1 quart = .946 liters – 1 kwarta – 0.946 litr
1 liter = 2.1 pints – 1 litr – 2.1 pint
10 liters = 2.63 gallons –10 litr - 2.63 gallon
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9. Familiarize yourself with these terms that identify infrastructure.
Road Yol Ýol

Highway Uly yol Uly ýol
Freeway Awtostrada / Uly yol Awtostrada / Uly ýol
Local road Yashayan yeringdyaki yol Ýaşaýan ýeriňdäki ýol
Railroad Demir yol Demir ýol
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Say how you would get to the following places using various modes of transportation.
Try to make your story interesting and include as many details as you can.
205
Vocabulary
Air Howa Howa
Airplane Uchar Uçar
Bicycle Tigir Tigir
Boat Gyami Gämi
Bus Awtobus Awtobus
Car Ulag / Yengil mashyn Ulag / Ýeňil maşyn
Car wash Ulag / Mashyn yuwulyan Ulag / Maşyn ýuwulýan ýer
yer
Concert Konsert Konsert
Diesel Yangych Ýangyç
Ferry boat Parom Parom
Freeway Awtostrada / Uly yol Awtostrada / Uly ýol
Gallon Galon Galon
Gas (natural gas) Gaz Gaz
Gas Benzin / Petrol Benzin / Petrol
Helicopter Dikuchar/Wertolyot Dikuçar/Wertolÿot
Highway Uly yol Uly ýol
Library Kitaphana Kitaphana
Liter Litr Litr
Local road Yashayan yeringdyaki yol Ýaşaýan ýeriňdäki ýol
Motorcycle Motosikl Motosikl
Oil Yag Ýag
Railroad Demir yol Demir ýol
Service station Ulag bejerilyan yer Ulag bejerilýän ýer
School Mekdep Mekdep
Ship Gyami Gämi
Taxi Taksi Taksi
Tire/tires Tigir/ Tigirler Tigir/ Tigirler
Train Otly Otly
Truck Yuk ulagy / Yuk mashyny Ýük ulagy / Ýük maşyny
Water Suw Suw
Work Ish Iş
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 3
1. F. My brother rides a motorcycle.

2. D. I drive my car to go to work.
3. E. My friend rides his bike to work.
4. B. Soldiers ride in an army truck.
5. C. When it’s raining, we take a taxi.
6. A. I take the bus to school every morning.
Exercise 7
1. A. Do you take a taxi to the concert? No, I take my car.

2. B. What street should I take to the post office? 18th Street.
3. C. My parents drive their cars to work, but we take the train.
1. A. Sen konserde takside gidýärsiňmi? Ýok öz ulagymda / maşynymda gidýärin.

Siz konserde takside gidýärsiňizmi (plural, formal)? Ýok öz ulagymyzda /
maşynymyzda gidýäris.
A. Sen konserde takside gidyarsingmi? Yok oz ulagymda / mashynymda gidyarin.
Siz konserde takside gidyarsingizmi? Yok oz ulagymyzda / mashynymyzda gidyaris.
2. B. Men poçta çenli haýsy köçeden gitmeli? 18 (on sekizinji) köçeden.
B. Men pochta çenli haysy kocheden gitmeli? 18 (on sekizinji) kocheden.
3. C. Meniň enem-atam işe öz ulaglary bilen gidýärler, biz bolsa otlyda gidýäris.
C. Mening enem-atam ishe oz ulaglary bilen gidyarler, biz bolsa otlyda gidyaris.
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Travel
Gezelenç / Görme – görüş / Syýahat

- Vocabulary related to travel.
- How to buy a train, bus, or airplane ticket.
- How to understand schedules.
- Border crossing and roadblock procedures.
People buy travel tickets at Airline Agencies and Railway terminals. Currently, bus tickets are not issued;
passengers just drop the money into the box next to the driver.
BY AIR - There is no class distinction for travel if you fly domestic lines (but please note that prices are
different for foreigners). However, there are business and economy classes for international flights, so of course
the prices for the tickets are different, as well as the service.
BY ROAD - If you travel by public buses, there are not any classes either. But, if you prefer to travel by private
buses (as there are such types of service in Turkmenistan) then of course it is a bit expensive, and the price
depends on the type of a bus.
BY RAILWAY –There are two types of the old soviet trains which still run throughout the country:
compartment cars (kupe), and carriage cars (platskart) with numbered reserved seats for up to 64.
Tickets for the first type are much more expensive than for the second type. Prices for compartment cars are
also different, as there are two types of them – compartment for two and for four people.
208
1. Listen to the following dialogue about buying a ticket at a train station, and read along in the
workbook.
Soldier: Excuse me, ma’am.

Esger Bagyshlang dogan / uya (direct translation will be bagyshlang hanym).
Esger Bagyşlaň dogan / uýa (direct translation will be bagyşlaň hanym).
Ticket Seller: Can I help you?

Bilet satyjy Hawa, Men size nyahili komek edip bilerin?
Bilet satyjy Hawa, Men size nähili kömek edip bilerin?
Soldier: I need to buy a ticket to Ashgabat.

Esger Manga Ashgabada bilet gerek.
Esger Maňa Aşgabada bilet gerek.
Ticket Seller: Departing on what day?

Bilet satyjy Haysy gune?
Bilet satyjy Haýsy güne?
Soldier: Today.
Esger Shu gune.
Esger Şu güne.
Ticket Seller: One-way or roundtrip?

Bilet satyjy Bir tarapamy ya-da iki tarapa-da?
Bilet satyjy Bir tarapamy ýa-da iki tarapa-da?
Soldier: Roundtrip.
Esger Iki tarapa.
Esger Iki tarapa.
Ticket Seller: First class or second class?

Bilet satyjy Birinji klasmy ya-da ikinji klas?
Bilet satyjy Birinji klasmy ýa-da ikinji klas?
Soldier: Second class, please.

Esger Hayisht edyarin, ikinji klasa!
Esger Haýyşt edýärin, ikinji klasa!
Ticket Seller: Returning on what day?

Bilet satyjy Gaydyshyn haysy gune?
Bilet satyjy Gaýdyşyn haýsy güne?
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Soldier: Friday
Esger Anna gunine.
Esger Anna günine.
Ticket Seller: Morning, afternoon, or evening?

Bilet satyjy Irden, oylan ya-da agshama?
Bilet satyjy Irden, öýlän ýa-da agşama?
Soldier: Afternoon
Esger Oylane.
Esger Öýläne.
Ticket Seller: Twenty-two dollars, please. The next train leaves in one hour from platform number 5.
Bilet satyjy Hayisht edyarin, yigrimi iki dollar. Indiki otly yene bir sagatdan 5-nji duralgadan ugrayar.
Bilet satyjy Haýyşt edýärin, ýigrimi iki dollar. Indiki otly ýene bir sagatdan 5-nji duralgadan
ugraýar.
Soldier: Thank you. What is the train number?

Esger Sag bolung. Otlynyng belgisi nyache?
Esger Sag boluň. Otlynyň belgisi näçe?
Ticket Seller: 76
Bilet satyjy 76 (yetmish alty).
Bilet satyjy 76 (ýetmiş alty).
Soldier: Is this an express train?

Esger Bu tiz baryan otlymy?
Esger Bu tiz barýan otlymy?
Ticket Seller: Yes, it is an express train.

Bilet satyjy Hawa, tiz otly.
Bilet satyjy Hawa, tiz otly.
To board – münmek (Romanization – munmek).

To depart – gitmek / ugramak (Romanization – gitmek / ugramak) for land transport & uçmak (Romanization –
uchmak) for air transport
To arrive – gelmek (Romanization – gelmek) for land transport & düşmek / gelip düşmek / gelmek
(Romanization – dushmek / gelip dushmek / gelmek) for air transport
To leave - gitmek / ugramak (Romanization – gitmek / ugramak) for land transport & uçmak (Romanization -
uchmak) for air transport
To come - gelmek for land transport & düşmek / gelip düşmek (Romanization – gelip dushmek) / gelmek
(Romanization – gelmek) for air transport
Back/return – yzyna (Romanization – yzyna).
There are no special grammar notes for these verbs, other than the endings added in Tenses –
Present Tense – ýär; - ýar; For example: gidýär, ugraýar, uçýar (Romanization – gidyar, ugrayar, uchyar).
210
Future Tense - -jak; -jek; -ar; -er; For example: gitjek – gider (Romanization – gitjek – gider); ugrajak – ugrar
(Romanization – ugrajak – ugrar); uçjak – uçar (Romanization – uchjak – uchar).
Past Tense – dy; -dil; For example: gitdi (Romanization – gitdi); ugrady, uçdy (Romanization – ugrady, uchdy).
2. Read the dialogue with a partner. Take turns being the Ticket Seller and Soldier.
3. Role-play the dialogue. You can substitute the name of a city where you need to buy a ticket to, the
time and day of arrival and departure, and the price of the ticket.
Future Tense - -jak; -jek; -ar; -er; For example: gitjek – gider (Romanization – gitjek – gider); ugrajak – ugrar
(Romanization – ugrajak – ugrar); uçjak – uçar (Romanization – uchjak – uchar).
4. Listen to the following statements and read along in the workbook.
Attention, passengers! The next express train to Mary will depart from platform 10 in 15 minutes.
Yolagchylaryng dykgatyna! Mara chenli indiki otly 15 minutdan 10-nji duralgadan ugrayar.
Ýolagçylaryň dykgatyna! Mara çenli indiki otly 15 minutdan 10-nji duralgadan ugraýar.
Attention, passengers! The next local train will arrive at platform 10 in 5 minutes.
Yolagchylaryng dykgatyna! Indiki yerli otly 5 minutdan 10-nji duralga gelyar.
Ýolagçylaryň dykgatyna! Indiki ýerli otly 5 minutdan 10-nji duralga gelýär.
Attention, passengers! Flight number 92 from Turkmenabat will be one hour late. Please check the schedule
for updates.
Yolagchylaryng dykgatyna! 92 belgili reys Turkmenabatdan bir sagat gija galyar. Tazelenen / Ozgerdilen
raspisaniya seretmegingizi hayisht edyaris.
Ýolagçylaryň dykgatyna! 92 belgili reýs Türkmenabatdan bir sagat gijä galýär. Täzelenen / Özgerdilen
raspisaniýa seretmegiňizi haýyşt edýäris.
Attention, passengers! The bus from Ashgabat will arrive at terminal 3 in 10 minutes.
Yolagchylaryng dykgatyna! Yolagchylaryng dykgatyna! Awtobus Ashgabatdan yene 10 minutdan 3-nji
(uchunji) duralga gelyar.
Ýolagçylaryň dykgatyna! Ýolagçylaryň dykgatyna! Awtobus Aşgabatdan ýene 10 minutdan 3-nji
(üçünji) duralga gelýär.
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5. Match each picture with the correct Turkmen term by writing the term below the correct picture.
A__________ B__________ C__________
D__________ E__________ F__________
G__________ H__________
Yolagchylar Ýolagçylar
Gosh / El gosh Goş / El goş
Duralga Duralga
Gatnow maglumaty Gatnow maglumaty
Bilet Bilet
Bellikden gechilyan yer Bellikden geçilýän ýer
Garashylyan meydancha / yer Garaşylýan meýdança / ýer
Chykalga Çykalga
212
The verb “must” in Turkmen is translated as the endings -maly; -meli to a verb.
For example: must go = gitmeli (Romanization – gitmeli); must come = gelmeli (Romanization – gelmeli); must
leave = ugramaly (Romanization – ugramaly); must fly = uçmaly (Romanization – uchmaly).
6. Listen to the following statements and read along in the workbook.
You must have a ticket to board the train.

Otla munmek uchin bileding bolmaly.
Otla münmek üçin bilediň bolmaly.
You must have a ticket to board the airplane.
Samolyoda munmek uchin bileding bolmaly.
Samolýoda münmek üçin bilediň bolmaly.
Passengers for flight number 25 must go to gate 14.
25-nji (yigrimi byashinji) belgili reysing yolagchylary 14-nji (on dordunji) chykalga
barmaly.
25-nji (ýigrimi bäşinji) belgili reýsiň ýolagçylary 14-nji (on dördünji) çykalga
barmaly.
You must pay for your ticket.
Siz biledingiz uchin tolemeli.
Siz bilediňiz üçin tölemeli.
Passengers have to wait in the waiting area.
Yolagchylar garashylyan meydanchada / yerde garashmaly.
Ýolagçylar garaşylýan meýdançada / ýerde garaşmaly.
You have to wait for your luggage at the baggage claim area.
Siz oz goshlaryngyza gosh berilyan otagda garashmaly.
Siz öz goşlaryňyza goş berilýän otagda garaşmaly.
7. Fill in the blanks with the correct term from the list below. Check your answers with the answer key.
Attention Uns / Dykgat Üns / Dykgat

Baggage claim area Gosh berilyan yer Goş berilýän ýer
Express Ekspres Ekspres
First class Birinji klas Birinji klas
Platform Duralga Duralga
Schedule Gatnow maglumaty Gatnow maglumaty
Second class Ikinji klas Ikinji klas
Ticket window Ayna / Apishge / Penjire Aýna / Äpişge / Penjire
tarapdan bilet tarapdan bilet
Gate Chykalga Çykalga
213
A. Bilet almak üçin _____________________ gidiň.
A. Bilet almak uchin _____________________ giding.
B. Siz öz goşlaryňyzy ____________________________ alyp bilersiňiz.

B. Siz oz goshlaryngyzy ____________________________ alyp bilersingiz.
C. ______! Awtobusa münmek üçin ähli ýolagçylaryň biletleri bolmaly.
C. ______! Awtobusa munmek uchin ahli yolagchylaryng biletleri bolmaly.
D. Öz reýsleriňiziň haçan ugraýandygyny bilmek üçin ____________ görüň.

D. Oz reysleringizing hachan ugrayandygyny bilmek uchin ____________ gorung.
E. Köp ýerlerde durmaýanlygy sebäpli _______ otly beýlekilerden çalt barýar.

E. Kop yerlerde durmayanlygy sebapli _______ otly beylekilerden chalt baryar.
F. Her otly dürli _________ gelýär.

F. Her otly dyurli _________ gelyar.
G. Ýolagçylaryň dykgatyna! 725 –nji (ýedi ýüz bäşinji) reýs A 17 __________ ugraýar.
G. Yolagchylaryng dykgatyna! 725 –nji (yedi yuz byashinji) reys A 17 __________
ugrayar.
8. For each question below, there is a corresponding answer. Match them by writing the letter of each
question on the blank line in front of the appropriate answer. Check your answers with the answer key.
A. Ýerli otla men nireden bilet alyp 1. ____ Hawa, mümkin bolsa.
bilerkäm?
A. Yerli otla men nireden bilet alyp 1. ____ Hawa, myumkin bolsa.
bilerkam?
B. Mara indiki awtobus haçan? 2. ____ Mara indiki awtobus 20
minutdan ugraýar.
B. Mara indiki awtobus hachan? 2. ____ Mara indiki awtobus 20
minutdan ugrayar.
C. Aşgabada birinji klas bilediň bahasy 3. ____ Aýna / Äpişge / Penjire
näçe? tarapdan 1- nji (birinji) duralganyň
ýanynda.
C. Ashgabada birinji klas bileding bahasy 3. ____ Ayna / Apishge / Penjire
nyache? tarapdan 1- nji (birinji) duralganyng
yanynda.
D. Size aýna tarapdanmy? / Size aýna 4. ____ Şol otly on minutdan 16-njy (on
tarapdaky yermi? altynjy) platforma gelýär.
D. Size ayna tarapdanmy? / Size ayna 4. ____ Shol otly on minutdan 16-njy
tarapdaky ýermi? (on altynjy) platforma gelyar.
E. Marydan tyz otly haýsy duralga gelýär? 5. ____ 332.800 manat (üç ýüz otuz iki
müň sekiz ýüz manat.)
E. Marydan tyz otly haysy duralga gelyar? 5. ____ 332.800 manat (yuch yuz otuz
iki myung sekiz yuz manat.)
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9. Role-play the short dialogues from Exercise 8. Change the cities and numbers.
10. What do you hear? Listen to the speaker and determine which statement is spoken. Check
your work with the answer key.
1. A You must have a ticket to board the bus.

B You must have a ticket to board the ferry.
2. A I need a first-class roundtrip ticket to City.
B I need a first-class one-way ticket to City.
3. A. The next express train will depart from platform 15 in 10 minutes.
B The next local train will depart from platform 15 in 10 minutes.
At border crossings and roadblocks
11. Listen to these new words and phrases.
Border Arachak / Serhet Araçäk / Serhet

Customs Gumrukhana Gümrükhana
Checkpoint Barlag nokady Barlag nokady
Roadblock Barlag-gozegchilik nokady Barlag-gözegçilik nokady
Passport Pasport Pasport
Drivers’ license Surujilik shahadatnamasy Sürüjilik şahadatnamasy
Documents Dokumentler Dokumentler
Papers Kagyzlar / Dokumentler Kagyzlar / Dokumentler
ID card Shahsy shahadatnama Şahsy şahadatnama
Show me Manga gorkez Maňa görkez
Manga gorkezing Maňa görkeziň (plural,
formal)
Give me Manga ber Maňa ber
Manga bering Maňa beriň (plural, formal)
Search Gozleg / Gozlemek Gözleg / Gözlemek
Inspect Barlamak Barlamak
Inspection Barlag Barlag
Trunk (of a car) Yuk bolumi Ýük bölümi
Proceed Dowam etdirmek (in this Dowam etdirmek (in this
situation – Gitmek / situation – Gitmek /
surmek) sürmek)
Rental (car) Karendesine alynan ulag / Kärendesine alynan ulag /
kireyine alynan ulag kireýine alynan ulag
Citizen Rayat Raýat
215
12. At roadblocks and border crossings, officials usually ask questions about driver identification and
vehicle documents. Try to match up the Turkmen border crossing requests and questions with their
English equivalents. Check your work with the answer key.
1. Maňa ulagyň kagyzlaryny görkeziň! A Give me your driver’s license.

(plural, formal)
1. Manga ulagyng kagyzlaryny gorkezing!
2. Maňa paspordyňyzy beriň! (plural, B Do you have an ID card?

formal)
2. Manga paspordyngyzy bering!
3. Siz nireden? (plural, formal) C Why do you need to go there?

3. Siz nireden?
4. Siz näme üçin ol ýerik barýarsyňyz? D Show me your car papers.

(plural, formal)
4. Siz nyame uchin ol yerik baryarsyngyz?
(plural)
5. Maňa sürüjilik şahadatnamaňyzy E Give me your passport.

görkeziň! (plural, formal)
5. Manga surujilik shahadatnamangyzy
gorkezing!
6. Siziň şahsy şahadatnamaňyz barmy? F Where are you from?

(plural, formal)
6. Sizing shahsy shahadatnamangyz barmy?
13. Listen to and read the following dialogue at a border crossing, and then answer the questions
below. Try to guess the meaning of unknown words from the context. Check your work with the answer
key.
Customs Official:
Gumrukhana Manga pasport bilen surujilik shahadatnamangyzy
Ishgyari: bering.
Gümrükhana Işgäri: Maňa pasport bilen sürüjilik şahadatnamaňyzy
beriň.
Car Driver:
Ulag Suruji: Bolya
Ulag Sürüji: Bolýa
CO:
Gyumrukhana Siz Birleshen Shtatlaryng rayatymy? /
Ishgyari: Siz Amerikanyng rayatymy?
216
Gümrükhana Işgäri: Siz Birleşen Ştatlaryň raýatymy? /
Siz Amerikanyň raýatymy? (plural, formal)
CD:
Ulag Syuryuji: Hawa
Ulag Sürüji: Hawa
CO:
Gumrukhana Shu mashyn uchin kagyzlaryngyz barmy?
Ishgyari:
Gümrükhana Işgäri: Şu maşyn üçin kagyzlaryňyz barmy?
CD:
Ulag Suruji: Hawa. Bu karendesine alynan mashyn.
Ulag Sürüji: Hawa. Bu kärendesine alynan maşyn.
CO:
Gumrukhana Siz nirya baryarsyngyz?
Ishgyari:
Gümrükhana Işgäri: Siz nirä barýarsyňyz? (plural, formal)
CD:
Ulag Suruji: Turkmenabat.
Ulag Sürüji: Türkmenabat.
CO: How long will you be there?
Gumrukhana Siz ol yerde nyache wagt bolmakchy?
Ishgyari:
Gümrükhana Işgäri: Siz ol ýerde näçe wagt bolmakçy? (plural, formal)
CD:
Ulag Suruji: On (10) gun.
Ulag Sürüji: On (10) gün.
CO:
Gumrukhana Siz ol yerde nyame ish etmekchi?
Ishgyari:
Gümrükhana Işgäri: Siz ol ýerde näme iş etmekçi? (plural, formal)
CD:
Ulag Suruji: Men oz mashgalamy gormekchi.
Ulag Sürüji: Men öz maşgalamy görmekçi.
CO:
Gumrukhana Hayisht edyan bagajnigingizi aching. Biz barlamaly
Ishgyari:
Gümrükhana Işgäri: Haýyşt edýän bagažnigiňizi açyň. Biz barlamaly.
CD:
Ulag Suruji: Bolya.
Turkmen Turkmen
Ulag Sürüji: Bolýa.
CO:
Gumrukhana Bolya, sag bolung. Gidibering / Surubering.
Ishgyari:
Gümrükhana Işgäri: Bolýa, sag boluň. Gidiberiň / Sürüberiň. (plural,
formal
217
Did you understand the words “trunk” and “inspection”?
A. Where is the driver from?

B. Does the driver own the vehicle he is driving?
C. Where is the driver going?
D. Why is he going there?
E. How long will he be there?
F. What does the guard ask the driver to do at the end?
G. Why?
14. Work with a partner. Take turns role-playing the Customs Official and the Car Driver.
218
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Translate the following sentences into English. Check your work with the answer key.
A. Haýyşt edýän maňa Mara aňryk-bärik bilet gerek.

Men Sanjaryň / Noýabryň 12-ne (on ikisine) gidip Bitaraplygyň / Deakbryň 3-ne (üçüne) gelmekçi.
Maňa aýna tarapdaky ýerden.
B. Bu tiz barýan otlymy?
C. Awtobus Aşgabada haýsy duralgadan ugraýar?
D. 34-nji (otuz dördünji) belgili otly 5 minutdan 3-nji duralgadan ugraýar.
2. Work with a partner or in a small group. Look at the pictures and compose a story for each one. Do
you think these people are arriving or departing? Do you think they are on time? Is their flight late?
Mention their names, age, profession, what they are wearing, and where and why they need to fly or
where they are arriving from. Also, tell how they got to the airport (by car, by bus, by train).
219
Vocabulary
Arriving/Arrivals Gelyar / Gelish Gelýär / Geliş
Attention Dykgat / Uns Dykgat / Üns
Baggage Gosh / Yuk Goş / Ýük
Border Arachak Araçäk
Bus station Awtobus duralgasy Awtobus duralgasy
Checked Barlandy Barlandy
Citizen Rayat Raýat
Customs Gumrukhana Gümrükhana
Delay/ed Gija galmak / Gich gelmek Gijä galmak / Giç gelmek /
/ Gija galdy / Gich geldi Gijä galdy / Giç geldi
Departing/Departures Gitmek / Ugramak / Gitmek / Ugramak /
Uchmak – Gidish / Uçmak – Gidiş / Ugraýyş /
Ugrayish / Uchush Uçuş
Documents Dokumentler/Kagyzlar Dokumentler/Kagyzlar
Driver’s license Surujilik shahadatnamasy Sürüjilik şahadatnamasy
Express Tiz gorunushli otly Tiz görünüşli otly
First class Birinji klas Birinji klas
Flight Reys Reýs
Fly Uch / Uchmak Uç / Uçmak
Give me … Manga bering Maňa beriň
ID card Shahsy shahadatnama Şahsy şahadatnama
Inspect Barlamak Barlamak
Inspection Barlag Barlag
Inspector Barlagchy Barlagçy
Late Gich / Gija Giç / Gijä
One-way Bir tarapa Bir tarapa
On-time Wagtynda Wagtynda
Papers Kagyzlar Kagyzlar
Passenger Yolagchy Ýolagçy
Passport Pasport Pasport
Platform Platforma Platforma
Proceed Dowam etdirmek / Dowam etdirmek /
Ugramak / Gitmek / Ugramak / Gitmek /
Surmek Sürmek
Rental car Karendesine alnan ulag Kärendesine alynan ulag
Roadblock Barlag-gechish nokady Barlag-geçiş nokady
Roundtrip Angrik-barick Aňryk- bärik
Schedule Maglumat Maglumat
Second class Ikinji klas Ikinji klas
Show me …. Manga gorkez Maňa görkez
Manga gorkezing Maňa görkeziň (plural,
formal)
Terminal Terminal Terminal
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Ticket Bilet Bilet
Ticket window Ayna tarapdaky yere bilet Aýna tarapdaky ýere bilet
To board Munmek Münmek
To leave Ugramak / Gitmek / Ugramak / Gitmek /
Uchmak Uçmak
To return/come back Yzyna gaydyp gelmek (for Yzyna gaýdyp gelmek (for
land transport) / Yzyna land transport) / Yzyna
gelip dushmek (for air gelip düşmek (for air
transport) transport)
Train station Otly stansiyasy Otly stansiýasy
Trunk (of a car) Bagajnik Bagažnik
Update Songky yuytgemelere Soňky üýtgemelere görä
gorya ozgertme özgertme
Waiting area Garashylyan meydancha / Garaşylýan meýdança / ýer
yer
Window seat Ayna tarapdaky yer Aýna tarapdaky ýer
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 5
A Schedule Raspisaniýe Raspisaniye

B Check-in counter Bellikden geçilýän ýer Bellikden gechilyan yer
C Platform Duralga Duralga
D Ticket Bilet Bilet
E Passengers Ýolagçylar Yolagchylar
F Baggage Goş / Ýük Gosh / Yuk
G Gate Çykalga Chykalga
H Waiting area Garaşylýan meýdança / ýer Garashylyan meydancha / yer
Exercise 7
A. Aýna tarapdaky ýere A. Ayna tarapdaky Go to the ticket window to buy the tickets.
bilet yere bilet
B. Goş / Ýük alynýan B. Gosh / Yuk You can get your baggage at the baggage claim area.
bölüm / Ýer. alynyan bolum/
Yer.
C. Dykgat / Üns C. Dykgat / Uns Attention! All passengers must have a ticket to board the bus.
D. Raspisaniýe D. Raspisaniye Check the schedule to find out when your flight departs.
E. Tiz barýan otly E. Tiz baryan otly The express train is faster because it does not make local
stops.
F. Duralga F. Duralga Each train arrives at a different platform.
G. çykalga G. chykalga Attention, passengers! Flight #725 is departing from gate
A17.
Exercise 8
1. D. Do you want a window seat? Yes, please.

2. B. When is the next bus to Mary? The next bus to Mary departs in 20 minutes.
3. A. Where can I buy a local train ticket? At the ticket window next to platform one.
4. E. At which platform is the express train from Mary arriving? That train will arrive at platform 16 in ten
minutes.
5. C. How much is a first class ticket to Ashgabat. It is 64 dollars.
Exersice 10
1. A Awtobusa münmek üçin bilediň bolmaly.

A Awtobusa munmek uchin bileding bolmaly.
A You must have a ticket to board the bus.
2. B Maňa şähere birinji klas bir tarapa bilet gerek.

B Manga shahere birinji klas bir tarapa bilet gerek.
B I need a first-class one-way ticket to City.
222
3. A. Indiki tiz otly10 minutdan 15 –nji (on bäşinji) duralgadan ugrar.
A. Indiki tiz otly 10 minutdan 15 –nji (on byashinji) duralgadan ugrar.
A The next express train will depart from platform 15 in 10 minutes.
Exercise 12
1. D
2. E
3. F
4. C
5. A
6. B
Exercise 13
A. Where is the driver from? The U.S.

B. Does the driver own the vehicle he is driving? No, it is a rental car.
C. Where is the driver going? Turkmenabat.
D. Why is he going there? To visit family.
E. How long will he be there? Ten days.
F. What does the guard ask the driver to do at the end? Open the trunk.
G. Why? To do an inspection.
Customs Official: Give me your passport and driver’s license.

Car Driver: OK
CO: Are you a U.S. citizen?
CD: Yes.
CO: Do you have papers for this car?
CD: Yes. It is a rental car.
CO: Where are you going?
CD: Turkmenabat.
CO: How long will you be there?
CD: Ten days.
CO: What will you do there?
CD: I will visit my family.
CO: Please open the trunk. We need to do an inspection.
CD: OK.
CO: OK, thank you. You may proceed.
A. I need to buy a roundtrip ticket to Mary, please.

I leave on November 12 and return on December 3.
I want a window seat.
223
B. Is this an express train?
C. What platform does the bus to Ashgabat leave from?
D. Train 34 is departing from platform three in five minutes.
224
At School
Mekdepde

- Vocabulary related to classroom activities.
- Vocabulary related to being a student.
- The education system in Turkmenistan.
Normally students study in two shifts: morning shift, which starts at 8:30 am or 9:00am and
afternoon shift, which starts at 1:00 pm or 2:00pm. Students study 6 days a week, 4 to 5 lessons
(classes) a day in the first three years and 5, 6 and 7 lessons (classes) a day in the remaining
grades. The duration of each lesson (class) is 45 minutes. There are 5 to 10 minute breaks
between each class. The most important subjects (math, Turkmen, literature, history and
Ruhnama) are scheduled almost every day. Other subjects like English, Russian, chemistry,
biology, physics and music are taught 2-3 days a week. There are some special study groups,
which hold classes after school. These groups are for students who are eager to widen their
knowledge in specific fields or subjects.
The education system is quite different in Turkmenistan (a former Soviet Union Republic).
Every republic has its own education system; however there are many similarities left over from
the old Soviet days in Turkmenistan. At ages 1 to 1.5 years old children go to public
kindergartens. These kindergartens are divided into several groups such as: nursery group,
middle group, senior group and preparatory groups, where children begin to learn the alphabet,
numbers and reading.
225
At 7 years old, children go to secondary schools (1st grade through 10th grade which is high
school). The primary education at these schools is given in the first three years.
According to the new Education System in Turkmenistan, pupils have to study 9 years (instead
of 10 years) to finish secondary school. To learn a profession after secondary school, pupils are
able to go to colleges only, without having any work experience. To get a higher degree in
education, students must attend universities or institutes even if they have a college diploma.
Grades from colleges are not transferable to universities or institutes. Universities and institutes
have the same education opportunities. In order to get a higher education (bachelor’s) at
Universities and Institutes after those 9 years at secondary schools, students must have at least 2
years of working experience. Men can get their 2 years of work experience by serving in the
military, which is mandatory.
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1. Familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the speaker and read the
following text under each of the pictures.
A student writes on the A student raises her hand to A teacher teaches students
blackboard with chalk. ask a question. math.
Okuwchy hek bilen klas Okuwchy sorag bermek Mugallym okuwchylary
tagtasynda yazyar. uchin elini galdyryar. matematikadan okadyar.
Okuwçy hek bilen klas Okuwçy sorag bermek üçin Mugallym okuwçylary
tagtasynda ýazýar. elini galdyrýar. matematikadan okadýar.
Students study chemistry in First grade students read a Students will study art in this
middle school. textbook. class.
Okuwchylar orta mekdepde Birinji klas okuwchylary Okuwchylar medeniyet
himiyany owrenyarler. harplyk kitabyny okayarlar. sapagyny shu klasda
owrenerler.
Okuwçylar orta mekdepde Birinji klas okuwçylary Okuwçylar medeniýet

himiýany öwrenýärler. harplyk kitabyny okaýarlar. sapagyny şu klasda
öwrenerler.
There is a book, a notebook, There is a desk and a chair in Students write with pens and
and a calculator. the classroom. pencils.
Ol yerde kitap, depder hem Klasda parta hem oturgych Okuwchylar ruchka hem
kalkulyator bar / dur. bar / dur. galam bilen yazyarlar.
Ol ýerde kitap, depder hem Klasda parta hem oturgyç Okuwçylar ruçka hem galam
kalkulýator bar / dur. bar / dur. bilen ýazýarlar.
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2. Work with a partner. Look around the classroom. Name the items you see.
class Klas Klas

desk Parta Parta
chair Oturgych Oturgyç
blackboard Klas tagtasy Klas tagtasy
chalk Hek / Mel Hek / Mel
pen Ruchka Ruçka
pencil Galam Galam
notebook Depder Depder
computer Kompyuter Kompýuter
printer Printer Printer
keyboard Klawiyatura Klawiýatura
monitor Monitor Monitor
teacher Mugallym (male) Mugallym (male)
Mugallyma (female) Mugallyma (female)
student Okuwchy (at school) Okuwçy (at school)
Talyp (at Higher Talyp (at Higher
Educational Institution) Educational Institution)
3. Working with a partner, name the items you bring with you to class and the items
found in your classroom.
Kompýuter Klas tagtasy Globus
Kompyuter Klas tagtasy Globus
Depder Kalkulýator Kaseta
Depder Kalkulyator Kaseta
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4. Listen to the dialogue while you read along in the workbook. Underline the new
vocabulary.
What is your name? My name is Dovran.

Sening adyng nyame? Mening adym Dovran.
Sizing adyngyz nyame? Meniň adym Döwran
.
Seniň adyň näme?
Siziň adyňyz näme? (plural, formal)
How old are you? I am 16 years old.

Sen nyache yashyngda? Men 16 (on alty) yashymda.
Siz nyache yashyngyzda?
Sen näçe ýaşyňda? Men 16 (on alty) ýaşymda
Siz näçe ýaşyňyzda? (plural, formal)
What grade are you in? I am in 10th grade.
Sen nyachinji klasda okayarsyng? Men 10 (onynjy) klasda okayaryn?

Siz nyachinji klasda okayarsyngyz?
Sen näçinji klasda okaýarsyň? Men 10 (onynjy) klasda okaýaryn?

Siz näçinji klasda okaýarsyňyz? (plural,
formal)
What subjects do you study? Math, biology, music, literature, and history.
Sen haysy/nyahili sapaklary owrenyarsing? Matematika, biologiya, saz, edebiyat hem

Siz haysy/nyahili sapaklary owrenyarsingiz? taryh.
(plural)
Sen haýsy/nähili sapaklary öwrenýärsiň? Matematika, biologiýa, saz, edebiýat hem

Siz haýsy/nähili sapaklary öwrenýärsiňiz? taryh.
(plural)
What is your favorite subject? My favorite subject is biology.
Sening gowy goryan sapagyng haysy? Mening gowy goryan sapagym biologiya.
Sizing gowy goryan sapagyngyz haysy?
Seniň gowy görýän sapagyň haýsy? Meniň gowy görýän sapagym biologiýa.
Siziň gowy görýän sapagyňyz haýsy?
(plural, formal)
229
Are you a good student? Yes, I‘m a good student.
Sen gowy okuwchymy? Hawa, men gowy okuwchy.
Siz gowy okuwchymy?
Sen gowy okuwçymy? Hawa, men gowy okuwçy.
Siz gowy okuwçymy? (plural, formal)
What will you do after school? I will go to college; I want to be a doctor.

Sen mekdebi tamamlandan son nyame bilen Men kolleje girmekchi/girjek. Mening doktor
meshgullanmakchy/meshgullanjak? bolasym gelyar.
Siz mekdebi tamamlandan son nyame bilen
meshgullanmakchy/meshgullanjak?
Sen mekdebi tamamlandan son näme bilen

meşgullanmakçy/meşgullanjak? Men kolleje girmekçi/girjek. Meniň doktor
Siz mekdebi tamamlandan son näme bilen bolasym gelýär.
meşgullanmakçy/meşgullanjak? (plural,
formal)
What do you like to do after school? After school I like to listen to music.
Sen mekdepden song nyame bilen Mekdepden song men saz dinglemegi gowy
meshgullanmagy gowy goryarsing? goryarin.
Siz mekdepden song nyame bilen
meshgullanmagy gowy goryarsingiz?
Sen mekdepden soň näme bilen

meşgullanmagy gowy görýärsiň? Mekdepden soň men saz diňlemegi gowy
Siz mekdepden soň näme bilen görýärin.
meşgullanmagy gowy görýärsiňiz? (plural,
formal)
5. Listen to and read along with some of the new words you should have underlined
in Exercise 4
grade Klas / Synp Klas / Synp

subject Sapak Sapak
favorite Gowy goryan / Halayan / Gowy görýän / Halaýan /
Soygyuli Söýgüli
subject Tema / Mowzuk Tema / Mowzuk
math Matematika Matematika
biology Biologiya Biologiýa
music Saz Saz
literature Edebiyat Edebiýat
history Taryh Taryh
college Kollej Kollej
230
like Gowy gormek / Halamak Gowy görmek / Halamak
listen to Dinglemek Diňlemek
Model: who + the form of to like + infinitive.
Examples: 1. Sam likes to study math.

2. Peter likes to listen to music after school.
3. Sandra likes to read in the evenings.
4. We like to speak Turkmen in our class.
1. Sam matematikany gowy görýär/halaýar.

2. Peter mekdepden soň saz diňlemegi gowy görýär/halaýar.
3. Sandra agşamlaryna okamagy gowy görýär/halaýar.
4. Biz öz klasymyzda Türkmen dilinde geplemegi gowy görýäris/halaýarys.
6. Work with a partner. Compose a dialogue similar to the one in Exercise 4. List your
favorite subjects, say how good you think you are at each of them, tell what profession you
are going to choose, and say what you like to do after school.
7. Familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the speaker as you go over
the dialogue.
A. Listen to the recording and take notes.

Yazgyny dinglang hem bellik eding.
Ýazgyny diňläň hem bellik ediň. (plural, formal)
B. Put your pencils down.

Galamlaryngyzy goyung.
Galamlaryňyzy goýuň. (plural, formal)
C. Write your answer on the blackboard.

Oz jogabyngy klas tagtasynda yaz.
Oz jogabyngyzy klas tagtasynda yazyng.
Öz jogabyňy klas tagtasynda ýaz.

Öz jogabyňyzy klas tagtasynda ýazyň. (plural, formal)
D. Open your textbooks.

Kitaplaryngyzy achyng.
Kitaplaryňyzy açyň.
E. Raise your hand if you have a question.

Eger soraglaryngyz bar bolsa elingizi galdyryng.
Eger soraglaryňyz bar bolsa eliňizi galdyryň. (plural, formal)
231
F. Write down your homework, please.
Oy ishleringizi yazmagyngyzy haysht edyan. / Hayisht edyan, oy ishleringizi yazyng.
Öý işleriňizi ýazmagyňyzy haýyşt edýän. / Haýyşt edýän, öý işleriňizi ýazyň.
8. Role-play a teacher. Have the students follow your directions. Use the expressions from
Exercise 7.
9. Read the following questions and mark the answers that you hear. Check your
1. What do you do at school?

A. I read the textbooks at school.
B. I write letters and numbers in Turkmen.
C. I study many subjects.
2. What grade are you in?

A. I am in 5th grade.
B. I am in 6th grade.
C. I am in 8th grade.
3. What subjects are you studying?

A. Math, Turkmen, science, geography, and English.
B. Math, history, science, geography, and English.
C. Math, chemistry, science, geography, and English.
4. What is your favorite subject?

A. English
B. Geography
C. Science
5. Are you a good student?

A. I’m very good at English, but I’m bad at math.
B. I’m very good at geography, but I’m bad at math.
C. I’m very good at chemistry, but I’m bad at math.
10. Work with a partner, and create similar dialogues using expressions from Exercise 9.
11. Working in small groups, describe the following pictures. Come up with ages for the
students and the teacher, their names, the subjects they study/teach, what they’re doing
right now, what they are wearing, if they seem to like their class and their teacher, etc.
232
12. Listen to and read the following text about the student’s schedule, and then
answer the questions below. Check your work with the Answer Key.
PLAY AUDIO
Meniň adym Selbi Myradowa. Men Türkmen Döwlet Uniwersitediniň

talyby. Men Iňlis dilini öwrenýärin. Men terjimeçi/dilmaç bolasym gelýär. Men örän işli. Baş /
Duşenbe, Hoş / Çarşenbe we Anna günleri men okuwa sagat 8-de (sekizde) gidýärin. Okuwdan
soň sagat 4-de (dörtde) men işe gidýärin. Men restoranda ofitziant / hyzmatediji bolup işleýärin.
Işden soň sagat 10-da (onda) öýe gidýärin. Ýaş / Sişenbe hem Sogap / Penşenbe / günleri men
okuwa sagat 10-da gidýärin. Okuwdan soň, 12-de (on ikide) men kitaphana barýaryn. Öýlän
kitaphanada men üç sagat okaýaryn. Men öý işlerimi dynç alyş günleri hem irden edýärin.
Mening adym Selbi Myradowa. Men Turkmen Dowlet Uniwersitedining

talyby. Men Inglis dilini owrenyarin. Men terjimechi/dilmach bolasym gelyar. Men oran ishli.
Bash / Dushenbe, Hosh / Charshenbe we Anna gunleri men okuwa sagat 8-de (sekizde) gidyarin.
Okuwdan song sagat 4-de (dortde) men ishe gidyarin. Men restoranda ofitsiant/hyzmatediji
bolup ishleyarin. Ishden song sagat 10-da (onda) oye gidyarin. Yash / Sishenbe hem Sogap /
Penshenbe gunleri men okuwa sagat 10-da gidyarin. Okuwdan song, 12-de (on ikide) men
kitaphana baryaryn. Oylan kitaphanada men uch sagat okayaryn. Men oy ishlerimi dynch alysh
gunleri hem irden edyarin.
A. What is the student’s name?

B. Where does she go to school?
C. What does she study?
D. What is her school schedule on Monday, Wednesday and Friday?
E. What is her schedule on Tuesday and Thursday?
F. What job does she have and when does she work?
G. When does the student do homework?
H. What does the student want to do after finishing school?
233
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Go over the text from Exercise 12 again. Tell the class about your schedule. Use the
questions after the text as an outline for your story.
2. Look at the pictures and tell a story about what you see. Include the grade the students
are in, the subjects they are studying, what the teacher is doing, what the students and
teachers are wearing, etc.
234
3. Read and compare the following texts and find the errors in the English translations.
Make corrections so that the translation is accurate. Check your work with the answer
key.
1. A. Meniň adym Arslan Meredow. Men Aşgabatdan, emma häzirki wagtda

Türkmenabatda ýaşaýaryn. Men altynjy klasda okaýaryn.
Meniň köp dostlarym bar. Men Iňlis dilini okamagyny hem basketboly gowy
görýärin.
A. Mening adym Arslan Meredow. Men Ashgabatdan, emma hyazirki wagtda

Turkmenabatda yashayaryn. Men altynjy klasda okayaryn.
Mening kop dostlarym bar. Men Inglis dilini okamagyny hem basketboly gowy
goryarin.
B. My name is Arslan Meredow. I’m from Ashgabat, but now I live in Turkmenabat. I’m
in fifth grade. I have many friends. I like music, reading, and basketball.
2. A. Meniň adym Maksat Mamedow. Men Türkmenbaşydan, emma häzir men

Gyzylarbatda ýaşaýaryn. Men matematikany hem ylymy gowy görýärin.
A. Mening adym Maksat Mamedow. Men Turkmenbashydan, emma hyazir men

Gyzylarbatda yashayaryn. Men matematikany hem ylymy gowy goryarin.
B. My name is Maksat Mamedow. I’m from Dashhowuz, but I live in Nebitdag.

I like math and geography.
3. A. Meniň adym Jennet. Men 1989-nji (bir müň dokuz ýüz segsen dokuzynjy) ýylyň
Gurbansoltan/Aprel aýynda doguldym./eneden boldum. Men 8-nji (sekizinji) klasda
okaýaryn.
Men saz, medeniýet hem surata düşüriş sapaklaryny gowy görýärin./ halaýaryn.
Meniň aýdymçy, doktor ýa-da suratçy bolasym gelýar.
Mening adym Jennet. Men 1989-nji (bir mung dokuz yuz segsen dokuzynjy) yilyng
Gurbansoltan/Aprel ayinda doguldym/eneden boldum. Men 8-nji (sekizinji) klasda okayaryn.
Men saz, medeniyet hem surata dyushurish sapaklaryny gowy goryarin./ halayaryn. Mening
aydymchy, doktor ya-da suratchy bolasym gelyar.
B. My name is Jennet. I was born on August 4, 1989. I’m in 9th grade.

I like music class and photography. I want to be a doctor, or a photographer.
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Vocabulary
Art Medeniyet Medeniýet
Basketball Basketbol Basketbol
Biology Biologiya Biologiýa
Blackboard Klas tagtasy Klas tagtasy
Busy Ishli Işli
Chair Oturgych Oturgyç
Chalk Hek / Mel Hek / Mel
Chemistry Himiya Himiýa
Class Klas Klas
College/University Kollej / Uniwersitet Kollej / Uniwersitet
Computer Kompyuter Kompýuter
Desk Parta Parta
Elementary School Bashlangych mekdep Başlangyç mekdep
English Inglis dili Iňlis dili
Grade Synp / Klas Synp / Klas
High School Yokary mekdep Ýokary mekdep
History Taryh Taryh
Homework Oy ish Öý iş
Literature Edebiyat Edebiýat
Math Matematika Matematika
Middle School Orta mekdep Orta mekdep
Music Saz Saz
Notebook Depder Depder
Pen Ruchka Ruçka
Pencil Galam Galam
Photography Surata dyushurish Surata düşüriş
Reading Okamak Okamak
Student Okuwchy / Talyp Okuwçy / Talyp
Subject(s) Sapak(lar) Sapak(lar)
Tape recorder Kaseta Kaseta
Teacher Mugallym(a) Mugallym(a)
To like Gowy gormek / Halamak Gowy görmek / Halamak
To read Okamak Okamak
To study Owrenmek / Okamak Öwrenmek / Okamak
To write Yazmak Ýazmak
Listen to the recording Yazgyny dinglang hem Ýazgyny diňläň hem
and take notes. bellik eding bellik ediň (plural,
formal)
Put your pencils down. Galamlaryngyzy goyung Galamlaryňyzy goýuň
(plural, formal)
Write your answer on the Oz jogabyngy klas Öz jogabyňy klas
blackboard. tagtasynda yaz. tagtasynda ýaz.
Oz jogabyngyzy klas Öz jogabyňyzy klas
tagtasynda yazyng tagtasynda ýazyň. (plural,
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(plural) formal)
Open your textbooks. Kitaplaryngyzy achyng. Kitaplaryňyzy açyň.
(plural, formal)
Raise your hand! Elingi galdyr! Eliňi galdyr!
Elingizi galdyryng! Eliňizi galdyryň! (plural,
formal)
Write down your Hayisht edyan, oy ishingi Haýyşt edýän, öý işiňi
homework, please yaz. ýaz.
Hayisht edyan, oy Haýyşt edýän, öý işiňizi
ishingizi yazyng. ýazyň. (plural, formal)
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 9
1. What do you do at school?

C. I study many subjects.
2. What grade are you in?
B. I am in 6th grade.
3. What subjects are you studying?
A. Math, Turkmen language, science, geography, and English.
4. What is your favorite subject?
B. Geography
5. Are you a good student?
C. I’m very good at chemistry, but I’m bad at math.
1. C. Men köp sapaklary öwrenýärin.

C. Men kop sapaklary owrenyarin.
2. B. Men 6 (altynjy) klasda okaýaryn.

B. Men 6 (altynjy) klasda okayaryn.
3. A. Matematika, Türkmen dili, ylym, geografiýa hem Iňlis dili.

A. Matematika, Turkmen dili, ylym, geografiya hem Inglis dili.
4. B. Geografiýa
B. Geografiya
5. C. Himiýadan men gowy okaýaryn/ýetişýärin, emma matematikadan gowy däl.

C. Himiyadan men gowy okayaryn/yetishyarin, emma matematikadan gowy dal.
Exercise 12
A. What is the student’s name?

Her name is Selbi Myradowa.
B. Where does she go to school?
She goes to Turkmen State University.
C. What does she study?
She studies English.
D. What is her school schedule on Monday, Wednesday and Friday?
She goes to school from 8:00am until 4:00pm.
E. What is her schedule on Tuesday and Thursday?
She goes to class at 10am, then at 12:00 she goes to the library to study for three hours.
F. What job does she have and when does she work?
She works as a waitress in a restaurant from 4:00 to 10:00pm on Monday, Wednesday and
Friday.
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G. When does the student do homework?
She does homework on weekends and in the mornings.
H. What does the student want to do after finishing school?
She wants to be an interpreter.
My name is Selbi Myradowa. I am a student at Turkmen State University. I study English. I

want to be an interpreter. I have a busy schedule. On Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, I go to
school at 8:00. After school, at 4:00pm, I go to work. I work at a restaurant as a waitress. After
work, at 10 pm, I go home. On Tuesday and Thursday, I go to class at 10am. After school, at
12:00, I go to the library. I study at the library for three hours in the afternoon. I do my
homework on the weekends and in the mornings.
Meniň adym Selbi Myradowa. Men Türkmen Döwlet Uniwersitediniň

talyby. Men Iňlis dilini öwrenýärin. Men terjimeçi/dilmaç bolasym gelýär. Men örän işli. Baş /
Duşenbe, Hoş / Çarşenbe we Anna günleri men okuwa sagat 8-de (sekizde) gidýärin. Okuwdan
soň sagat 4-de (dörtde) men işe gidýärin. Men restoranda ofitziant / hyzmatediji bolup işleýärin.
Işden soň sagat 10-da (onda) öýe gidýärin. Ýaş / Sişenbe hem Sogap / Penşenbe / günleri men
okuwa sagat 10-da gidýärin. Okuwdan soň, 12-de (on ikide) men kitaphana barýaryn. Öýlän
kitaphanada men üç sagat okaýaryn. Men öý işlerimi dynç alyş günleri hem irden edýärin.
Your English translation should be as follows: (The terms in bold are the corrected
errors.)
1. My name is Arslan Meredow. I’m from Ashgabat, but now I live in Turkmenabat. I’m in
sixth grade. I have many friends. I like English, reading, and basketball.
2. My name is Maksat Mamedow. I’m from Turkmenbashy, but I live in Gyzylarbat. I like
math and science.
3. My name is Jennet. I was born on April 8, 1989. I’m in 8th grade. I like music class, art,
and photography. I want to be an artist, doctor or a photographer.
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Recreation and Leisure

Dynç alyş hem Boş wagt

- Vocabulary related to recreational and leisure activities.
- Ways to discuss hobbies in Turkmen.
1. Read the sentences with the new vocabulary and try to guess the meaning of any
unknown words.
Erkek adam hem ayal tans Ol okde sazanda. Piyaninochy Bu adam surata alyar
edyarler. Bu olaryng howesi. konsertde saz chalyar. / dyushuryar. Ol
suratchy.
Erkek adam hem aýal tans edýärler. Ol ökde sazanda. Piýaninoçy Bu adam surata alýar
Bu olaryň höwesi. konsertde saz çalýar. / düşürýär. Ol suratçy.
Bu Endryu. Onung howesi futbol. Bu adam dagda lyjada typyar. Mening dostum Sandi
Onung howesi lyjada typmak. her gun oylan
okuwdan song
ylgayar.
Bu Endrýu. Onuñ höwesi futbol. Bu adam dagda lyžada typýar. Meniň dostum Sandi
Onuň höwesi lyžada typmak. her gün öýlän
okuwdan soň ylgaýar.
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Mening erkek doganym kegelban Tomsuna, howa gowy bolan Yash oglan kortda
oynamagy gowy goryar. Bu onung wagtlary chagalar her gun suwa tennis oynayar.
howes edyan zady. dyushyarler.
Meniň erkek doganym kegelban Tomsuna, howa gowy bolan Ýaş oglan kortda
oýnamagy gowy görýär. Bu onuň wagtlary çagalar her gün suwa tennis oýnaýar.
höwes edýän zady. düşýärler.
Mening gyz jigim / doganym surat Esgerler chadyrda kart Ar-ayal her gun
chekmegi halayar / gowy goryar. oynayarlar. Olar kart oynamagy agsham yorap gezim
gowy goryarler. edyarler.
Meniň gyz jigim / doganym surat Esgerler çadyrda kart Är-aýal her gün
çekmegi halaýar / gowy görýär. oýnaýarlar. Olar kart oýnamagy agşam ýöräp gezim
gowy görýärler. edýärler.
Esgerler kusht oynayarlar. Bu olaryng howes edyan Bu adam gitara chalyp aydym aydyar.
zady.
Esgerler küşt oýnaýarlar. Bu olaryň höwes edýän Bu adam gitara çalyp aýdym aýdýar.
zady.
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2. Now listen to the speaker. Repeat the new words as many times as you need to feel
comfortable with the pronunciation.
Play Oyun / Spektakl Oýun / Spektakl

Cards Kart Kart
To ski Lyjada typmak Lyžada typmak
Hobby Howes / Gyzyk / Bir zada Höwes / Gyzyk / Bir zada
howes etmek höwes etmek
To dance Tans etmek Tans etmek
Tennis Tennis Tennis
Tennis Court Tennis korty Tennis korty
Play piano Piyanino chalmak Piýanino çalmak
Musician Sazanda Sazanda
To take photos Surata almak / Surata Surata almak / Surata
dyushurmek düşürmek
Photographer Suratchy Suratçy
To play guitar Gitara chalmak Gitara çalmak
To sing Aydym aytmak Aýdym aýtmak
Songs Aydymlar Aýdymlar
Chess Kusht Küşt
To walk Yorap gezim etmek Ýöräp gezim etmek
To swim Suwa dyushmek / Suwda Suwa düşmek / Suwda
yuzmek ýüzmek
Swimming pool Yuzyulyan basseyn/howuz Ýüzülýän basseýn/howuz
To run Ylgamak Ylgamak
To bowl Shar oynamak / Kegelban Şar oýnamak / Kegelban
oynamak oýnamak
Soccer Futbol Futbol
To paint Surat chekmek Surat çekmek
3. Listen to the dialogues as you read them.
1. What will they do after school? A. They will swim after school.
Olar okuwdan song nyame ish ederler? Olar okuwdan song suwa dyusherler.
Olar okuwdan soň näme iş ederler? Olar okuwdan soň suwa düşerler.
B. They will dance after school.
Olar okuwdan song tans ederler.
Olar okuwdan soň tans ederler.
C. They will sing after school.
Olar okuwdan song aydym aydarlar.
Olar okuwdan soň aýdym aýdarlar.
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2. What sports does he play? A. He plays soccer and basketball.
Ol haysy sport oyunlary bilen meshgullanyar? Ol futbol hem basketbol bilen meshgullanyar /
oynayar.
Ol haýsy sport oýunlary bilen meşgullanýar? Ol futbol hem basketbol bilen meşgullanýar /
oýnaýar.
B. He plays soccer and volleyball.
Ol futbol hem woleybol bilen meshgullanyar /
oynayar.
Ol futbol hem woleýbol bilen meşgullanýar /
oýnaýar.
C. He plays soccer and tennis.
Ol futbol hem tennis bilen meshgullanyar /
oynayar.
Ol futbol hem tennis bilen meşgullanýar /
oýnaýar.
3. What does she do today? A. She sings songs.
Ol shu gun nyame ish edyar? Ol aydym aydyar.
Ol şu gün näme iş edýär? Ol aýdym aýdýar.
B. She paints pictures.
Ol surat chekyar.
Ol surat çekýär.
C. She takes pictures.
Ol surata alyar / dyushuryar.
Ol surata alýar / düşürýär.
4. Do you play chess? A. Yes, I play chess.
Sen kusht oynayarsyngmy? Hawa, men kusht oynayaryn.
Siz kyusht oynayarsyngyzmy?
Sen küşt oýnaýarsyňmy? Hawa men küşt oýnaýaryn.
Siz küşt oýnaýarsyňyzmy? (plural, formal)
Do you play guitar? B. No, I play the piano.
Sen gitara chalyarsyngmy? Yok men piyanino chalyaryn.
Siz gitara chalyarsyngyzmy?
Sen gitara çalýarsyňmy? Ýok men piýanino çalýaryn.
Siz gitara çalýarsyňyzmy? (plural, formal)
Do you play piano? C. Yes, I play the piano.
Sen piyanino chalyarsyngmy? Hawa, men piyanino chalyaryn.
Siz piyanino chalyarsyngyzmy?
Sen piýanino çalýarsyňmy? Hawa, men piýanino çalýaryn.
Siz piýanino çalýarsyňyzmy? (plural, formal)
5. What are your hobbies? A. I like to run and take pictures.
Sening howesing nyame? / Sening howes Men ylgamany hem surata almany /
edyan zatlaryng nyame? dyushurmyani halayaryn / gowy goryarin.
Sizing howesingiz nyame? / Sizing howes
edyan zatlaryngyz nyame?
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Seniň höwesiň näme? / Seniň höwes edýän Men ylgamany hem surata almany / düşürmäni
zatlaryň näme? halaýaryn / gowy görýärin.
Siziň höwesiňiz näme? / Siziň höwes edýän
zatlaryňyz näme? (plural, formal)
B. I like to read and swim.
Men kitap okamagy hem suwda yuzmani
halayaryn / gowy goryarin.
Men kitap okamagy hem suwda ýüzmäni
halaýaryn / gowy görýärin.
C. I like to walk and play soccer.
Men yorap gezim etmyani hem futboly
halayaryn / gowy goryarin.
Men ýöräp gezim etmäni hem futboly
halaýaryn / gowy görýärin.
4. Work with a partner and take turns reading the dialogues in Exercise 3.
5. Work with a partner or in a small group. Make up exchanges using the models and
phrases from Exercise 3.
6. Reconstruct the questions in Turkmen. Check your work with the answer key.
A. - …………………….?
Hawa, men kusht oynayaryn.

Hawa, men küşt oýnaýaryn.
B. - …………………….?
Hawa, men piyanino chalyaryn.

Hawa, men piýanino çalýaryn.
C. -……………………?
Mening howesim / howes edyan zatlarym ylgamak hem surata almak / dyushurmek.
Meniň höwesim / höwes edýän zatlarym ylgamak hem surata almak / düşürmek.
D. - ……………………?
Ol futbol hem basketbol oynayar.

Ol futbol hem basketbol oýnaýar.
E. - ……………………?
Mening howesim / howes edyan zatlarym kitap okamak hem suwda yuzmek.
Meniň höwesim / höwes edýän zatlarym kitap okamak hem suwda ýüzmek.
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F. - …………………….?
Ol yorap gezim etmani hem gitara chalmany halayar / gowy goryar.

Ol ýöräp gezim etmäni hem gitara çalmany halaýar / gowy görýär.
7. Read the following text, noting the new vocabulary. Do you understand all the words in
bold? Check the grammar note for an explanation. Mark the following statements as
either True or False. Check your work with the answer key.
Grammar Notes:
In Turkmen “from” and “to” are expressed as endings added to a noun, numerals and adjectives.
For example:
(Romanization – Moskawadan Sankt – Peterburga chenli 8 sagat. ) – Moskwadan Sankt –

Peterburga çenli 8 sagat. Eight hours from Moscow to Saint Petersburg.
(Romanization – Konsert 2 sagat dowam eder 10-dan (ondan) 12-ya (onkya) chenli) – Konsert 2
sagat dowam eder 10-dan (ondan) 12-ä (onkä) çenli. The concert will last for two hours, from
10 to 12.
(Romanization – Bu rengk gokden achyk goge chenli uytgar) – Bu reňk gökden açyk göge çenli
üýtgär. This color will change from dark blue to light blue.
Too and Also:

(Romanization – hem, shonung yaly, shonung yaly hem) – hem, şonuň ýaly, şonuň ýaly hem.
For example: (Romanization – Mening hem gidesim gelyar) Meniň hem gidesim gelýär. I also
want to go.
Note: Normally schools in Turkmenistan do not have special names. Most schools are
numbered, even colleges. But there are some special schools in Ashgabat, which have names.
For example, there is a special school only for girls, which is called “GULRUH.”
Meniň adym Arslan Myradow. Men Balkan welaýatynyň Türkmenbaşy şäherinden. Men Balkan
welaýatynyň Türkmenbaşy şäherindäki tehniki koleje gatnaýaryn.
Sapaklarymyň hem höwes edip gatnaýan zatlarymyň köpligi sebäpli men örän işli / meniň boş
wagtym ýok. Men kompýuter ylymyny öwrenýärin, hem uniwersitetiň futbol komandasynda
oýnaýaryn. Men her gün sagat 8:30-dan (sekiz otuzdan) öýlän sagat 3:00-a (üçe) çenli
okaýaryn. Her gün okuwdan soň sagat 4:00-dan (dörtden) 6:00 –a (alta) çenli futbol
praktikasyny geçýärin. Men futbol oýnamagy halaýaryn / gowy görýärin. Dynç alyş günleri
hem öz dostlarym bilen oýnaýaryn. Şonuň ýaly hem men suwda ýüzmäni hem gitara çalmany
halaýaryn / gowy görýärin. Gitarany men kän gowy çalyp bilemok. Şu dynç alyş günleri men
dostlarym bilen Balkan welaýatynyň Türkmenbaşy şäherindäki stadiona konserde gitjek. Biziň
gowy görýän aýdymçymyz aýdym aýdýar. Konsertden soň biz restorana agşamlyk naharyna
gideris.
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Mening adym Arslan Myradow. Men Balkan welayatynyng Turkmenbashy shyaherinden. Men
Balkan welayatynyng Turkmenbashy shyaherindyaki tehniki koleje gatnayaryn.
Sapaklarymyng hem howes edip gatnayan zatlarymyng kopligi sebyapli men oran ishli / mening
bosh wagtym yok. Men kompyuter ylymyny owrenyarin, hem uniwersiteting futbol
komandasynda oynayaryn. Men her gun sagat 8:30-dan (sekiz otuzdan) oylan sagat 3:00-a
(uche) chenli okayaryn. Her gun okuwdan song sagat 4:00-dan (dortden) 6:00 –a (alta) chenli
futbol praktikasyny gechyarin. Men futbol oynamagy halayaryn / gowy goryarin. Dynch alysh
gunleri hem oz dostlarym bilen oynayaryn. Shonung yaly hem men suwda yuzmani hem gitara
chalmany halayaryn / gowy goryarin. Gitarany men kan gowy chalyp bilemok. Shu dynch alysh
gunleri men dostlarym bilen Balkan welayatynyng Turkmenbashy shaherindyaki stadiona
konserde gitjek. Bizing gowy goryan aydymchymyz aydym aydyar. Konsertden song biz
restorana agshamlyk naharyna gideris.
A. _____Arslan Myradow is from Turkmenbashy, Balkan Province.
B. _____He is a high school student at a technical college in Turkmenbashy, Balkan

Province.
C. _____ Arslan studies chemistry.
D. _____ Arslan plays on the university soccer team.
E. _____ He has class every day from 8:30 to 3:00.
F. _____Arslan likes to swim and play the piano.
H. _____After the concert Arslan will go home to do his homework.
8. Work with a partner or in a small group, and come up with the description of a busy
schedule. Use the statements from Exercise 8 as an outline for your story. The pictures
given below can help you choose the activities to describe.
246
There are many recreational activities in Turkmenistan. During most holidays there are
many concerts, public sport activities, theatrical plays, and also countless parties.
9. Listen to the vocabulary as you look at the pictures. Try to match the Turkmen
words with the pictures. Check your answers with the answer key.
1 2 3
4 5 6
Ýüzülýän
basseýn/howuz
Futbol meýdany
Tennis korty/meýdany
Şar / Kegli oýnalýan
meýdança
Gimnastika zaly
Stadion
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10. Read the statements below and think about their meanings. Cross out the words or
phrases that do not make sense, and replace them with an appropriate word from the list
below. Check your work with the answer key.
gymnasium stadium
Gimnastika zaly Stadion
Gimnastika zaly Stadion
bowling alley tennis courts
Shar / Kegli oynalyan meydancha Tennis korty
Şar / Kegli oýnalýan meýdança Tennis korty
swimming pool playing field
Yuzyulyan basseyn/howuz Oynalyan meydancha
Ýüzülýän basseýn/howuz Oýnalýan meýdança
A. Talyplar tennis kortynda wolleýbol oýnaýarlar.

A. Talyplar tennis kortynda wolleybol oynayarlar.
B. Çagalar stadionda suwda ýüzýärler. / Çagalar stadionda suwa düşýärler.
B. Chagalar stadionda suwda yuzyarler. / Chagalar stadionda suwa dyushyarler.
C. Gyzlar kegli oýnamaga daga gidýärler.
C. Gyzlar kegli oynamaga daga gidyarler.
D. Meniň dostum şar / kegli oýnalýan meýdança ylgamaga gidýär.
D. Mening dostum shar / kegli oynalyan meydancha ylgamaga gidyar.
E. Oglanlar ýüzülýän basseýnde futbol oýnaýrlar.
E. Oglanlar yuzulyan basseynde futbol oynayrlar.
11. Listen to the statements and mark the ones that you hear. Check your work with
the answer key.
1. A. She will swim after school.

B. She will dance after school.
C. She will sing after school.
2. A. He likes to play soccer and basketball.
B. He likes to play soccer and volleyball.
C. He likes to play soccer and tennis.
3. A. She doesn’t sing, but she plays piano.
B. She doesn’t paint pictures, but she takes photographs.
C. She doesn’t dance, but she sings.
4. A. Do you play chess? No, I play checkers.
B. Do you play guitar? No, I play piano.
C. Do you play piano? Yes, I play piano.
5. A. What are your hobbies? I like to run and sing.
B. What are your hobbies? I like to read and dance.
C. What are your hobbies? I like to walk and play cards.
248
12. Work with a partner. Look at the pictures and make up dialogues about someone’s
hobbies. Use the models and phrases from Exercise 12.
249
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Answer the following questions in Turkmen.
A. What is your favorite sport or recreational activity?
B. How often do you participate in your activity?
C. What is your favorite hobby?
D. What did you do last weekend?
E. What will you do next weekend?
2. Work with a partner or in a small group. In Turkmen, describe the pictures below,
using the vocabulary you have learned in this lesson.
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Vocabulary
Bowling alley Shar / Kegli oynalyan Şar / Kegli oýnalýan
meydancha meýdança
Bowling Shar / Kegli Şar / Kegli
Cards Kart Kart
Chess Kusht Küşt
Computer science Kompyuter ylymy Kompýuter ylymy
Gymnasium Gimnastika zaly Gimnastika zaly
Hobby Howes Höwes
Paint pictures Chekilen suratlar Çekilen suratlar
Playing field Oynalyan meydancha Oýnalýan meýdança
To bowl Shar togalamak / Kegli Şar togalamak / Kegli
oynamak oýnamak
To dance Tans etmek Tans etmek
To play chess, cards; play Kusht, kart oynamak; Küşt, kart oýnamak; futbol,
soccer, volleyball; play a futbol, wolleybol oynamak. wolleybol oýnamak.
piano, a guitar Piyanino, gitara chalmak Piýanino, gitara çalmak
To run Ylgamak Ylgamak
To sing Aydym aytmak Aýdym aýtmak
To ski Lyjada typmak Lyžada typmak
To swim Suwda yuzmek / Suwa Suwda ýüzmek / Suwa
dyushmek düşmek
To take pictures Surata almak / Surata Surata almak / Surata
dyushurmek düşürmek
Soccer field Futbol meydany Futbol meýdany
Songs Aydymlar Aýdymlar
Stadium Stadion Stadion
Swimming pool Yuzulyan basseyn Ýüzülýän basseýn
Tennis Tennis Tennis
Tennis court Tennis korty Tennis korty
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 6
A. Sen küşt oýnaýarsyňmy? Sen kusht oynayarsyngmy?

Siz küşt oýnaýarsyňyzmy? Siz kusht oynayarsyngyzmy?
(plural, formal)
B. Sen piýanino çalýarsyňmy? Sen piyanino chalyarsyngmy?
Siz piýanino çalýarsyňyzmy? Siz piyanino chalyarsyngyzmy?
(plural, formal)
C. Seniň höwesiň näme? / Seniň Sening howesing nyame? / Sening
höwes edýän zatlaryň näme? howes edyan zatlaryng nyame?
Siziň höwesiňiz näme? / Siziň Sizing howesingiz nyame? / Sizing
höwes edýän zatlaryňyz näme? howes edyan zatlaryngyz nyame?
(plural, formal)
D. Ol haýsy sport oýunlary bilen Ol haysy sport oyunlary bilen
meşgullanýar? meshgullanyar?
E. Seniň höwesiň näme? / Seniň Sening howesing nyame? / Sening
höwes edýän zatlaryň näme? howes edyan zatlaryng nyame?
Siziň höwesiňiz näme? / Siziň Sizing howesingiz nyame? / Sizing
höwes edýän zatlaryňyz näme? howes edyan zatlaryngyz nyame?
(plural, formal)
F. Ol näme etmäni halaýar / gowy Ol nyame etmyani halayar / gowy
görýär? goryar?
A. Do you play chess?

- Yes, I play chess.
B. - Do you play the piano?

- Yes, I play the piano.
C. What are your hobbies?

- My hobbies are running and taking photos.
D. What sports does he play?

- He plays soccer and basketball.
E. What are your hobbies?

- My hobbies are reading and swimming.
F. What does she like to do?

- She likes to walk and play guitar.
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Exercise 7
My name is Arslan Myradow. I am from Turkmenbashy, Balkan Province. I go to technical

college in Turkmenbashy, Balkan Province. I am very busy with my classes and my hobbies. I
study computer science, and I play on the university soccer team. I have class every day from
8:30 to 3:00 in the afternoon. After school I have soccer practice every day from 4:00 to 6:00.
I like to play soccer. My friends and I play on the weekends too. I also like to swim and to play
the guitar. I’m not very good at the guitar. This weekend my friends and I will go to a concert at
the stadium in Turkmenbashy, Balkan Province. Our favorite singer will sing. After the concert
we will go to a restaurant and have dinner.
A. T - Arslan Myradow is from Turkmenbashy, Balkan Province.

B. F - He is a high school student at a technical college in Turkmenbashy, Balkan Province.
C. F - Arslan studies chemistry.
D. T - Arslan plays on the university soccer team.
E. T - He has class every day from 8:30 to 3:00.
F. F - Arslan likes to swim and play the piano.
H. F - After the concert Arslan will go home to do his homework.
Exercise 9
1. Bowling Alley Şar / Kegli oýnalýan Shar / Kegli oynalyan

meýdança meydancha
2. Gymnasium Gimnastika zaly Gimnastika zaly
3. Soccer field Futbol meýdany Futbol meydany
4. Stadium Stadion Stadion
5. Swimming pool Ýüzülýän basseýn Yuzulyan basseyn
6. Tennis court Tennis Korty Tennis Korty
Exercise 10
A. Talyplar gimnastika zalynda wolleybol oýnaýarlar.

A. Talyplar gimnastika zalynda wolleybol oynayarlar.
A. The students play volleyball in the gymnasium.
B. Çagalar ýüzülýän basseýnde suwda ýüzýärler. / Çagalar ýüzülýän basseýnde suwa düşýärler.
B. Chagalar yuzulyan basseynde suwda yuzyarler / Chagalar yuzulyan basseynde suwa
dyushyarler.
B. The children swim in the swimming pool.
C. Gyzlar şar / kegli oýnamaga şar / kegli oýnalýan meýdança gidýärler.

C. Gyzlar shar / kegli oynamaga shar / kegli oynalyan meydancha gidyarler.
C. The girls go bowling in the bowling alley.
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D. Meniň dostlarym ylgamaga stadiona gidýärler.
D. Mening dostlarym ylgamaga stadiona gidyarler.
D. My friends go for a run in the stadium.
E. Oglanlar futboly futbol meýdanynda oýnaýarlar.

E. Oglanlar futboly futbol meydanynda oynayarlar.
E. Boys play soccer on the playing field.
Exercise 11
1. C - She will sing after school.

2. A - He likes to play soccer and basketball.
3. B - She doesn’t paint pictures, but she takes photographs.
4. B - Do you play guitar? No, I play piano.
5. B - What are your hobbies? I like to read and dance.
1. C. Ol okuwdan / mekdepden soň aýdym aýdar.

Ol okuwdan / mekdepden song aydym aydar.
2. A. Ol futbol hem basketbol oýnamagy halaýar / gowy görýär.

Ol futbol hem basketbol oynamagy halayar / gowy goryar.
3. B. Ol surat çekmeýär, ýöne / emma ol surata alýar / surata düşürýär.

Ol surat chekmeyar, yone / emma ol surata alyar / surata dyushuryar.
4. B. Sen gitara çalýarsyňmy? Ýok, men piýanino çalýaryn.

Siz gitara çalýarsyňyzmy? (plural, formal)
Sen gitara chalyarsyngmy? Yok, men piyanino chalyaryn.
Siz gitara chalyarsyngyzmy?
5. B. Seniň nähili höwesleriň bar? Men kitap okamagy hem tans etmäni halaýaryn.
Siziň nähili höwesleriňiz bar? (plural, formal)
Sening nyahili howeslering bar? Men kitap okamagy hem tans etmani halayaryn.
Sizing nyahili howesleringiz bar?
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Health and the Human Body

Saglyk hem Adam Bedeni

- Vocabulary related to the human body.
- Asking questions about a person’s state of health.
- Answering questions about health conditions.
- Typical exchanges at the doctor’s office.
1. Listen as the speaker recites the vocabulary.
Abdomen Ich, garyn Iç, garyn

(bedening (bedeniň garyn
garyn bolegi) bölegi)
Arm El El
Back Arka Arka
Chest Dosh / Döş / Kükrek
Kyukrek
Chin Engek Eňek
Ear Gulak Gulak
Elbow Tirsek Tirsek
Eye Goz Göz
Face Yuz Ýüz
Fingers Barmaklar Barmaklar
Foot/Feet Daban / Ayak Daban / Aýak
Genitals Jyns Jyns organlary
organlary
Groin Gasyk Gasyk
Hair Sach Saç
Hand Penje Penje
Head Kelle Kelle
Heart Yurek Ýürek
Hip Bykyn / Bykyn / Ýanbaş /
Yanbash / But But
Knee Dyz chanak Dyz çanak
Leg Ayak Aýak
Mouth Agyz Agyz
Neck Boyun Boýun
Nose Burun Burun
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Pelvis Chanaklyk Çanaklyk
Shoulder Egin Egin
Stomach Ashgazan / Aşgazan / Iç
Ich
Toes Ayagyng Aýagyň
barmaklary barmaklary
Tooth/Teeth Dish/ Dishler Diş/ Dişler
Waist Bil Bil
2. In Turkmen, name the body parts that come in pairs. Check your work with the answer
key.
3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate body part, in Turkmen. Check your answers
Gözler Gulaklar Aýaklar Daban Kelle Penje Boýun Agyz

Gozler Gulaklar Ayaklar Daban Kelle Penje Boyun Agyz
A. I use my ____________ to read a book.
B. I listen to music with my _____________.
C. Walking is good for my ____________.
D. I wear shoes and socks on my _____________.
E. In the winter, I wear a hat on my __________, gloves on my ___________, and a scarf

around my __________.
F. I eat and drink with my __________________.
New Verbs:
To feel: duýmak
To be sick: halym erbet, erbet duýmak, ýüregiň bulanmak.
There are no special grammar notes for these verbs, other than the endings added in tenses.
For example:
Present Tense: ýär; – ýar – duýýar, / halym erbet bolýar, erbet duýýar, ýüregim bolanýar.
Future Tense: jak; – jek; – ar; – er – duýar / halym erbet boljak – bolar, erbet duýjak – duýar /
ýüregim bulanjak - bulanar
Past Tense: dy; – di – e.g. duýdy, halym erbet boldy, erbet duýdy, ýüregim bulandy.
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How do you feel? I feel sick.
Mening ozumi duyshum gowy dal. / Mening
Sen ozungi nyahili duyyarsyng? yuregim bulanyar.
Siz ozungizi nyahili duyyarsyng?
Sen özüňi nähili duýýarsyň? Meniň özümi duýşum gowy däl. / Meniň
Siz özüňizi nähili duýýarsyňyz? ýüregim bulanýar.
(plural, formal)
I feel weak.
Men ozumi halsyz duyyaryn.
Meniň halym ýok.
I feel bad.
Men ozumi erbet duyyaryn.
Men özümi erbet duýýaryn.
What symptoms do you have? I have a sore throat.

Sende keseling nyahili alamatlary bar? Mening bokurdagym agyryar.
Sizde keseling nyahili alamatlary bar?
Sende keseliň nähili alamatlary bar? Meniň bokurdagym agyrýar.

Sizde keseliň nähili alamatlary bar?
(plural, formal)
I have a fever.
Mening gyzgynym bar. / Men yushedyarin.
Meniň gyzgynym bar. / Men üşedýärin.
I have a headache.
Mening kellam aguryar.
Meniň kelläm agurýar.
Where does it hurt? My left ankle hurts.

Nirang agyryar? Mening chep topugym agyryar.
Nirangiz agyryar?
Niräň agyrýar? Meniň çep topugym agyrýar.

Niräňiz agyrýar? (plural, formal)
My back hurts.
Mening arkam agyryar.
Meniň arkam agyrýar.
My stomach hurts.
Mening ashgazanym agyryar. / Mening ichim
agyryar.
Meniň aşgazanym agyrýar. / Meniň içim
agyrýar.
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4. Listen to the following questions and answers, and read along in the workbook.
A. How do you feel? I feel sick.

Sen ozungi nyahili duyyarsyng? Mening ozumi duyshum gowy dyal. / Mening
Siz ozungizi nyahili duyyarsyngyz? yuregim bulanyar.
Sen özüňi nähili duýýarsyň? Meniň özümi duýşum gowy däl. / Meniň
Siz özüňizi nähili duýýarsyňyz? (plural, ýüregim bulanýar.
formal)
B. What is the matter with her? Her leg hurts.

Onga nyame bolyar? Onung ayagy agyryar.
Oňa näme bolýar? Onuň aýagy agyrýar.
C. How do you feel? My head hurts.

Sen ozungi nyahili duyyarsyng? Mening kellyam agyryar.
Siz ozungizi nyahili duyyarsyngyz?
Sen özüňi nähili duýýarsyň? Meniň kelläm agyrýar.

Siz özüňizi nähili duýýarsyňyz? (plural,
formal)
D. Are you in pain? Yes, my arm is broken.

Bir yering agyryarmy? Hawa, mening elim dowulen.
Bir yeringiz agyryarmy?
Bir ýeriň agyrýarmy? Hawa, meniň elim döwülen.
Bir ýeriňiz agyrýarmy? (plural, formal)
E. Where does it hurt? My stomach hurts.

Nirang agyryar? Mening ashgazanym / ichim agyryar.
Nirangiz agyryar?
Niräň agyrýar? Meniň aşgazanym / içim agyrýar.
Niräňiz agyrýar? (plural, formal)
F. Are you sick? No, I’m pregnant.

Sen yarangokmy? Yok, men gowreli.
Siz yarangyzokmy?
Sen ýaraňokmy? Ýok, men göwreli.
Siz ýaraňyzokmy? (plural, formal)
G. Are you OK? I don’t feel good. I feel nauseous and have a
stomachache.
Yagdaylaryng gowumy? Ozumi duyshum gowy dal. Yuregim bulanyar
Yagdaylaryngyz gowumy? hem ichim agyryar.
Ýagdaýlaryň gowumy? Özümi duýşum gowy däl. Ýüregim bulanýar
Ýagdaýlaryňyz gowumy? (plural, formal) hem içim agyrýar.
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H. Are you taking any medication? Yes, over-the-counter ones.
Sen derman ichyarsingmi? Hawa, hatsyz berilyan dermanlardan ichyarin.
Siz derman ichyarsingizmi?
Sen derman içýärsiňmi? Hawa, hatsyz berilýän dermanlardan içýärin.
Siz derman içýärsiňizmi? (plural, formal)
5. Work with a partner and role-play the dialogues from Exercise 4.
6. Match each picture with the corresponding statement. Check your work with the
answer key.
A B C
1
Bu yash ayal kesel dal. Ol gowreli.
Bu ýaş aýal kesel däl. Ol göwreli.
2
Bu kichijik gyzyng gyzgyny bar, bokurdagy hem endamy agyryar, ol asgyryar hem
usguryar. Ol dumewlapdir.
Bu kiçijik gyzyň gyzgyny bar, bokurdagy hem endamy agyrýar, ol asgyrýar hem
üsgürýär. Ol dümewläpdir.
3
Kichijik oglanjygyng yuregi bulanyar hem ashgazany / ichi agyryar.
Kiçijik oglanjygyň ýüregi bulanýar hem aşgazany / içi agyrýar.
7. Work with a partner and role-play as doctor and patient. Use the questions from
Exercise 5 as a model. Use the phrases from Exercise 6 to describe your symptoms.
259
8. Listen to and read the list of the typical symptoms for each ailment.
Flu Dyumew Dümew

Fever Gyzdyrma / Gyzdyrma /
Ushetme Üşetme
Congestion Dykylmak / Dykylmak /
Yapylmak Ýapylmak
Sore throat Bokurdak Bokurdak
agyrysy agyrysy
Body aches Beden agyrysy Beden agyrysy
/ Endam / Endam
agyrysy agyrysy
Sneezing Asgyrmak Asgyrmak
Coughing Usgurmek Üsgürmek
Head cold Kellaning Kelläniň

sowuklamasy sowuklamasy
Congestion Dykylmak / Dykylmak /
Yapylmak Ýapylmak
Sore Throat Bokurdak Bokurdak
agyrysy agyrysy
Sneezing Asgyrmak Asgyrmak
Coughing Usgurmek Üsgürmek
Severe Pain Gaty agyry Gaty agyry
Broken Dowik / Döwük /

Bone dowilen sunk döwülen süňk
Swelling Chish Çiş
Bruise Bedeninge / Bedeniňe /
Endamynga Endamyňa
dushen gok düşen gök
Bleeding Gan akma Gan akma
Sprain Suynme , Süýnme ,

gypjynma gypjynma
Bruise Bedeninge / Bedeniňe /
Endamynga Endamyňa
dushen gok düşen gök
Pain Agyry Agyry
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9. Look at the chart of symptoms in Exercise 8. Work with a partner or in a small group.
Develop questions a doctor can ask about one’s symptoms in order to diagnose the
problem. Use the following model to create a dialogue.
Model: - Do you have fever?

- No, I don’t.
- Do you have a cough and body aches?
- No, doctor.
- That’s very good. You don’t have flu. It’s a cold.
- Thank you, doctor.
- You are welcome.
Model: – Seniň gyzgynyň barmy?

Siziň gyzgynyňyz barmy? (plural, formal)
– Ýok.
--Seniň üsgülewüň hem beden agyryň barmy?
Siziň üsgülewüňüz hem beden agyryňyz barmy? (plural, formal)
– Ýok, lukman.
– Bu örän gowy. Sen dümewlemänsiň. Ýöne sowuklapsyň.
Siz griplemänsiňiz / dümewlemänsiňiz. Siz ýöne sowuklapsyňyz. (plural, formal)
– Sag bol lukman.
Sag boluň lukman. (plural, formal)
– Baş üstüne.
(1 ft = 30 cm, 1 inch = 2.5 cm, 100 cm = 1 meter, 1 lb = 0.454 kg).

(1 ft = 30 cm, 1 inch = 2.5 cm, 100 cm = 1 meter, 1 lb = 0.454 kg).
ft, inch and lb measurements are not used in our country, the rest are.
- How tall is he, and how much does he weigh?

Onung boyi hem agramy nyache?
Onuň boýy hem agramy näçe?
- He is 70 inches tall and weighs 185 pounds.

Onung boyi 1 metr 75 santimetr agramy bolsa 84 kilogram.
Onuň boýy 1 metr 75 santimetr agramy bolsa 84 kilogram.
- How tall are you? How much do you weigh?

Sening boyung nyache? Sening agramyng nyache?
Sizing boyungyz nyache? Sizing agramyngyz nyache?
Seniň boýuň näçe? Seniň agramyň näçe?
Siziň boýuňyz näçe? Siziň agramyňyz näçe? (plural, formal)
- I am 66 inches tall and weigh 120 pounds.

Mening boyum 1 metr 65 santimetr, agramym bolsa 54.5 kilogram.
Meniň boýum 1 metr 65 santimetr, agramym bolsa 54.5 kilogram.
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10. Work with a partner and take turns asking each other about your height and weight.
Do not forget to use the units of measure appropriate for Turkmenistan.
11. Listen to the speaker and while you read the statements below. Translate each
exchange. You can check the English translation in the answer key.
A
Sen ozungi nyahili duyyarsyng?
Sen özüňi nähili duýýarsyň?

Siz özüňizi nähili duýýarsyňyz? (plural, formal)
Ozumi duyshum gowy dal. Yuregim bulanyar.

Özümi duýşum gowy däl. Ýüregim bulanýar
B

Ozumi duyshum oran gowy. Azajyk yuregim bulanyar.

Özümi duýşum örän gowy. Azajyk ýüregim bulanýar.
C

Ozumi duyshum gowy dal. Yone yuregim bulananok.

Özümi duýşum gowy däl. Ýöne ýüregim bulananok.
D
Men ayagymy dowdimmikam diyip pikir edyarin.
Hayisht tiz komege jang et! / Tiz komegi chagyr!
Hayisht tiz komege jang eding! / Tiz komegi chagyryng!
Men aýagymy döwdümmikäm diýip pikir edýärin.

Haýyşt tiz kömege jaň et! / Tiz kömegi çagyr!
Haýyşt tiz kömege jaň ediň! / Tiz kömegi çagyryň! (plural, formal)
262
E
Ol ayagyny dowdimikya diyip pikir edyarin.
Hayisht edyarin tiz komegine jang et! / Tiz komegini chagyr!
Hayisht edyarin tiz komegine jang eding! / Tiz komegini chagyryng!
Ol aýagyny döwdümikä diýip pikir edýärin.

Haýyşt edýärin tiz kömegine jaň et! / Tiz kömegini çagyr!
Haýyşt edýärin tiz kömegine jaň ediň! / Tiz kömegini çagyryň! (plural, formal)
F
Ol ayagyny dowdimi? Sheyle oydyan.
Ol aýagyny döwdümi? Şeýle öýdýän.

12. What do you hear? Listen to the speaker and mark the statement that you hear.
1. A. Where does it hurt? My stomach hurts.

B. Where does it hurt? My back hurts.
C. Where does it hurt? My neck hurts.
2. A. What are your symptoms? I have a fever and a headache.

B. What are your symptoms? I have a fever and a stomachache.
C. What are your symptoms? I have a fever and my body aches.
3. A. How do you feel? I don’t feel well. I’m nauseous.

B. How do you feel? I feel fine, but I’m a little nauseous.
C. How do you feel? I don’t feel well, but I’m not nauseous.
4. A. I think I broke my leg. Please call an ambulance!

B. I think he broke his leg. Please call an ambulance!
C. Did he break his leg? I think so, please call an ambulance!
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Ask and answer the following questions in Turkmen. Check the answer key for a
translation of the questions.
A Eger dümewlän bolsaň, nähili alamatlar ýüze çykýar?

Eger dümewlän bolsaňyz, nähili alamatlar ýüze çykýar? (plural, formal)
B Sen derman içýärsiňmi / atýarsyňmy?

Siz derman içýärsiňizmi? /atýarsyňyzmy? (plural, formal)
C Öň bir ýeriň döwülipmidi? / Öň döwülen ýeriň boldymy? Eger bar bolsa haýsy
ýeriň?
Öň bir ýeriňiz döwülipmidi? Öň döwülen ýeriňiz boldymy? Eger bar bolsa haýsy
ýeriňiz? (plural, formal)
D Seniň boýuň hem agramyň näçe?

Siziň boýuňyz hem agramyňyz näçe? (plural, formal)
E Näçe wagtdan sen lukman bilen görşüp / habarlaşyp durýarsyň? Her aýdamy? Her
ýyldamy? Her üç ýyldanmy?
Näçe wagtdan siz lukman bilen görşüp / habarlaşyp durýarsyňyz? Her aýdamy? Her
ýyldamy? Her üç ýyldanmy? (plural, formal)
2. Tell the class what you do in order to keep a healthy weight? Do you exercise? What
types of exercise do you do? How often and for how long do you exercise? Do you have a
special diet? What kind? What do you eat and not eat? Give an example of your menu.
What do you order when you eat out? How does it affect your diet the next day?
3. Work with a partner or in a small group. Describe the picture below.
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Vocabulary
Abnormal Agyryly Agyryly
Allergies Allergiya Allergiýa
Ambulance Tiz komek Tiz kömek
Arm El El
Chest Dosh / Kyukrek Döş / Kükrek
Chin Engek Eňek
Are you in pain? Bir yering agyryarmy? Bir ýeriň agyrýarmy?
Bir yeringiz agyryarmy? Bir ýeriňiz agyrýarmy? (plural,
formal)
Are you taking any Sen derman ichyarsingmi / Sen derman içýärsiňmi /
medication? atyarsyngmy? atýarsyňmy?
Siz derman ichyarsingizmi / Siz derman içýärsiňizmi /
atyarsyngyzmy? atýarsyňyzmy? (plural, formal)
Body aches Beden agyrylary / Endam Beden agyrylary / Endam
agyrylary agyrylary
Broken bone Dowik / Dowilen sunk Döwük / Döwülen süňk
Bruise Bedeninge / Endamynga Bedeniňe / Endamyňa düşen
dushen gok gök
Call an ambulance! Tiz komegine jang et! / Tiz Tiz kömegine jaň et! / Tiz
komegini chagyr! kömegini çagyr!
Tiz komegine jang eding! / Tiz Tiz kömegine jaň ediň! / Tiz
komegini chagyryng! (plural, kömegini çagyryň! (plural,
formal) formal)
Congestion Dykylmak / Yapylmak Dykylmak / Ýapylmak
Coughing Usgurme Üsgürme
Ear Gulak Gulak
Elbow Tirsek Tirsek
Eye Goz Göz
Fingers Barmaklar Barmaklar
Foot Daban Daban
Feel Duygy Duýgy
Fever Gyzdyrma / Ushetme Gyzdyrma / Üşetme
Flu/Influenza Dumew Dümew
Hand El / Penje El / Penje
Head Kelle Kelle
Hip Bykyn / Yanbash / But Bykyn / Ýanbaş / But
Knee Dyz / Chanak Dyz / Çanak
Help! Komek et! Kömek et!
Komek eding! (plural, formal) Kömek ediň! (plural, formal)
How do you feel? Sen ozungi nyahili Sen özüñi nähili duýýarsyň?
duyyarsyng? Siz özüňizi nähili
Siz ozungizi nyahili duýýarsyňyz? (plural, formal)
duyyarsyngyz? (plural, formal)
Hurt Agyry Agyry
265
Leg Ayak Aýak
Mouth Agyz Agyz
Nose Burun Burun
Neck Boyun Boýun
Medicine Derman / Dyari Derman / Däri
Nausea Suwda / Gyamide yurek Suwda / Gämide ýürek
bulanma bulanma
Pain Agyry Agyry
Pregnant Gowrelilik Göwrelilik
Shoulder Egin Egin
Toes Ayagyng barmaklary Aýagyň barmaklary
Waist Bil Bil
Sick Kesel Kesel
Sneezing Asgyrma Asgyrma
Sore throat Bokurdak agyry Bokurdak agyry
Stomach Ashgazan Aşgazan
Stomach cramps Ashgazan gysylmasy Aşgazan gysylmasy
Strain Shtam / Waktsina we Ştam / Waktsina we syworotka
syworotka tayarlamak uchin taýarlamak üçin alnan
alnan mikroorganizm mikroorganizm
Symptoms Alamat Alamat
What is the matter? Nyame boldy? Näme boldy?
Where does it hurt? Nirang agyryar? Niräň agyrýar?
Nirangiz agyryar? (plural, Niräňiz agyrýar? (plural,
formal) formal)
266
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 2
gulaklar gulaklar
tirsekler tirsekler
gözler gozler
daban daban
eller / penjeler eller / penjeler
dyz çanaklar dyz chanaklar
eginler eginler
eller eller
aýaklar ayaklar
bykyn / ýanbaş / but bykyn / yanbash / but
Exercise 3
eyes A. gözler gozler

ears B. gulaklar gulaklar
legs C. aýaklar ayaklar
feet D. daban daban
head,hands,neck E. kelle, eller, boýun kelle, eller, boyun
mouth F. agyz agyz
Exercise 6
A. 2 The little girl has a fever, a sore throat, and body aches, and she is sneezing and coughing.
She has the flu.
B. 1 The young woman is not sick. She is pregnant.
C. 3 The little boy is nauseous and has a stomachache.
Exercise 11
A. How do you feel? I don’t feel well. I’m nauseous.

B. How do you feel? I feel fine, but I’m a little nauseous.
C. How do you feel? I don’t feel well, but I’m not nauseous.
D. I think I broke my leg. Please call an ambulance!
E. I think he broke his leg. Please call an ambulance!
F. Did he break his leg? I think so. Please call an ambulance!
Exercise 12
1. B. Where does it hurt? My back hurts.

2. A. What are your symptoms? I have a fever and a headache.
3. A. How do you feel? I don’t feel well. I’m nauseous.
4. C. Did he break his leg? I think so, please call an ambulance!
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1. B.
Nirang agyryar? Mening arkam agyryar.
Nirangiz agyryar? Mening arkam agyryar.
Niräň agyrýar? Meniň arkam agyrýar.
Niräňiz agyrýar? Meniň arkam agyrýar. (plural, formal)
2. A.
Sende keseling nyahili alamatlary bar? Mening gyzgynym bar hem kellam agyryar.
Sizde keseling nyahili alamatlary bar? Mening gyzgynym bar hem kellam agyryar.
Sende keseliň nähili alamatlary bar? Meniň gyzgynym bar hem kelläm agyrýar.
Sizde keseliň nähili alamatlary bar? Meniň gyzgynym bar hem kelläm agyrýar.
(plural, formal)
3. A.
Sen ozungi nahili duyyarsyng? Ozumi duyshum gowy dal. Yuregim bulanyar.
Siz ozungizi nahili duyyarsyngyz? Ozumi duyshum gowy dal. Yuregim bulanyar.
Sen özüňi nähili duýýarsyň? Özümi duýşum gowy däl. Ýüregim bulanýar.
Siz özüňizi nähili duýýarsyňyz? Özümi duýşum gowy däl. Ýüregim bulanýar. (plural,
formal)
4. C.
Ol ayagyny dowdimi? Sheyle oydyan.
Ol aýagyny döwdümi? Şeýle öýdýän.
A. When you have the flu, what are your symptoms?
Eger dümewlän bolsaň, nähili alamatlar ýüze çykýar?

Eger dümewlän bolsaňyz, nähili alamatlar ýüze çykýar? (plural, formal)
B. Are you taking any medications?
Sen derman içýärsiňmi / atýarsyňmy?

Siz derman içýärsiňizmi? /atýarsyňyzmy? (plural, formal)
C. Have you ever broken a bone? If yes, which one(s)?
Öň bir ýeriň döwülipmidi? / Öň döwülen ýeriň boldymy? Eger bar bolsa haýsy ýeriň?
Öň bir ýeriňiz döwülipmidi? Öň döwülen ýeriňiz boldymy? Eger bar bolsa haýsy ýeriňiz?
(plural, formal)
268
D. What is your height and weight?
Seniň boýuň hem agramyň näçe?

Siziň boýuňyz hem agramyňyz näçe? (plural, formal)
E. How often do you see a doctor? Every month? Every year? Every 3 years?
Näçe wagtdan sen lukman bilen görşüp / habarlaşyp durýarsyň? Her aýdamy? Her ýyldamy?
Her üç ýyldanmy?
Näçe wagtdan siz lukman bilen görşüp / habarlaşyp durýarsyňyz? Her aýdamy? Her
ýyldamy? Her üç ýyldanmy? (plural, formal)
269
Political and International Events

Syýasy hem Halkara Wakalar / Hadysalar

- Vocabulary associated with politics and international issues.
- How they are reported in Turkmenistan news.
- How to read and understand political events written in Turkmenistan newspapers.
Turkmenistan is a one-party state. dominated by its president and his closest advisers, that has
made little progress in moving from a Soviet-era authoritarian style of government to a
democratic system. Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan since its independence in
1991, may legally remain in office for life. The 50-member unicameral Parliament, or Mejlis, has
no genuinely independent authority, and in practice the President controls the judicial system.
The Turkmenistan Government has continued to commit serious human rights abuses, and the
authorities in particular have severely restricted political and civil liberties. Citizens do not have
the ability to change their government peacefully. The Government severely restricts freedom of
speech and does not permit freedom of the press. The Government also completely controls the
media, censors all newspapers, rarely permits independent criticism of government policy or
officials, and restricts freedom of assembly and association. The Government imposes
restrictions on non-registered religious groups; laws regarding religion, amended most recently
in 1996, did reaffirm a number of important religious freedoms, but also tightened government
control of religious groups.
270
1. Familiarize yourself with the political terms.
Government Hokumet Hökümet

Prime minister Primyer Ministr Primýer Ministr
President President President
Leader Yolbashchy Ýolbaşçy
Dictator Diktator Diktator
Parliament Mejlis Mejlis
Ministry Ministrlik Ministrlik
Election Saylaw Saýlaw
Officials Resmi adamlar Resmi adamlar
Political Party Siyasy Guramasy/Topary Syýasy Guramasy/Topary
Vote Ses bermek Ses bermek
Republic Respublika Respublika
State Dowlet / Welayat Döwlet / Welaýat
Democracy Demokratiya Demokratiýa
Democratic Demokratik Demokratik
Term of office Wekilchilik / Ygtyyarlylyk Wekilçilik / Ygtyýarlylyk
mohleti möhleti
Policy Syyasat Syýasat
Human Rights Adam Hukuklary Adam Hukuklary
Religious Dini Dini
Racial Jynspatazlyk Jynsparazlyk
Radical Duypli/Esasy Düýpli/Esasy
World Dunya Dünýä
Conflict Dawa / Jenjel Dawa / Jenjel
War Urush Uruş
Invade Guych bilen girmek /Basyp Güýç bilen girmek / Basyp
almak almak
Nuclear weapons Yadro yaraglary Ýadro ýaraglary
2. Listen to and read the following statements. While reading, note the use of new
vocabulary.
The Iraqi leader Yragyng bashtutany Yragyň baştutany

The Russian officials Orsyyeding resmi adamlary Orsyýediň resmi adamlary
The South African Gunorta Afrikanyng hokumeti Günorta Afrikanyň hökümeti
government
Religious differences Dini ayratynlyklar Dini aýratynlyklar
Middle East conflict Orta Gundogardaky dawa Orta Gündogardaky dawa
The war in Iraq Yrakdaky urush Yrakdaky uruş
The radical political party Duypli syyasy topary Düýpli syýasy topary
Islamic fundamentalism Yslam fundamentalizmi Yslam fundamentalizmi
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The President of the United States is George Bush.
Amerikanyng Birleshen Shtatlarynyng Prezidenti Jorj Bush.
Amerikanyň Birleşen Ştatlarynyň Prezidenti Jorj Buş.
Japan and Great Britain have prime ministers.
Yaponiyanyng we Beyik Britaniyanyng premyer ministrleri bar.
Ýaponiýanyň we Beýik Britaniýanyň premýer ministrleri bar.
This was the first political election in that country.
Bu shol yurtda bolan birinji syyasy saylawdy.
Bu şol ýurtda bolan birinji syýasy saýlawdy.
Human rights are a very important issue in the world today.
Hazirki dowurde adam hukuklary dunyade ing wajyp mesele bolup duryar.
Häzirki döwürde adam hukuklary dünýäde iň wajyp mesele bolup durýar.
Usually political news in Turkmenistan is reported in daily newspapers. Newspapers, and other
media, in Turkmenistan are completely controlled by the Government.
3. Listen to and read the following news report from Turkmenistan. Then answer the
questions that follow. Check your work with the Answer Key.
PLAY AUDIO
Türkmenistanyň Prezidenti Beýik Saparmyrat Türkemnbaşynyň Aýtgulyýew hakynda çykaran

kararlary.
Karar esasynda, Gurbanguly Aýtgulyýewi “Türkmendökün” Aktsioner Jemgyýetiniň başlygy
hem Tejendäki “Türkemnkarbamid” kärhananyň baş ýolbaşçysy wezipesine alty aý synag
möhleti bilen bellenildi we öz borçlaryny talaba laýyk ýerine ýetirmedik ýagdaýynda başga iş
hödürlemezden wezipesinden boşatmaly.
1. Who was appointed to this position?

2. How he was appointed?
3. Which positions he will carry out?
4. What are the conditions of this appointment?
5. How long is the probation period?
4. Work in small groups. Pretend that you are a crew working for a news program.
Come up with a short description of a political event. Use the questions from Exercise 3 as
an outline for your report.
5. Work in a small group or with a partner. Go over the information on the political
system in Turkmenistan one more time. Recall the information in Turkmen.
Report to your teacher and to the class.
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International Geography
6. Read the information about Turkmenistan and then answer the questions. Check your
work with the Answer Key.
Türkmenistan ( şeýle hem Turkmeniýa ady bilen belli bolan) Orta Aziýada ýerleşýän döwletdir.
Türkmenistan diýilýän at pars dilinden gelip çykypdyr, ol “ türkmenleriň ýeri” diýilmegini
aňladýar. 1991-nji ýyla çenli ol Sowet Soýuz respublikalarynyň biri bolup, Türkmen Sowet
Sotsiýalistik Respublikasy diýlip atlandyrylypdy. Meýdany 488,100 göniburçluk kilometr bolup,
Türkmenistanyň tutýan meýdanynyň ululygy boýunça ol dünýäde 52-nji orunda durýar
(Ispaniýadan soň). Ölçegi boýunça Kamerun döwleti bilen deňräk bolup, Amerikaň Birleşen
Ştatlarynyň (ABŞ-nyň) Kaliforniýa ştatyndan azajyk ulurak bolup durýar.
Ol günorta-gündogarda Owganystan, günorta-günbatarda Eýran, demirgazyk-gündogarda
Özbegistan, demiragzyk-günbatarda Gazagystan hem günbatarda Kaspi Deňziniň üsti bilen
araçäkleşýär. Ýurt, belli bir ýerlerinde / ýer zolaklarynda tebigy baýlyklara baý hem bolsa, tutýan
ýeriniň aglaba bölegini Garagum çöli (Black Desert) tutýar. Ýurdyň ýeriniň 90 göterimini
gowyragyny Garagum çöli tutýar.
Günorta-günbatar araçäginde uzalyp gidýän Köpetdag sepgitliginiň beýikligi 2,912 metre ýetýär.
Uzak günbatardaky Türkmen Balkan Daglary hem uzak gündogardaky Köýtendag sepgitligi
273
ýokardakydan başga ýeke-täk belli beýiklikler bolup durýarlar. Amyderýa, Murgap hem Hari
Rud derýalaryny içine alýar.
Howasy subtropik çölüň howasy bolup, azowlag ýagynly. Gyş pasly ýumşak hem gurak bolup
ygalyň köp bölegi Türkmenbaşy (Ýanwar) hem Magtymguly (Maý) aýlarynda düşýär. Güýçli
ygal Köpetdag sepgitliginde bolýar.
1. Where is Turkmenistan situated?

Türkmenistan nirede ýerleşýär?
Turkmenistan nirede yerleshyar?
2. What is the origin of the name, Turkmenistan?
Türkmenistan diýilýän at nireden gelip çykypdyr?
Turkmenistan diyilyan at nireden gelip chykypdyr?
3. What was the republic called in the former Soviet Union?
Ozalky Sowet Soýuzynda Türkmenistan respublikasy nähili atlandyrylypdyr?
Ozalky Sowet Soyuzynda Turkmenistan respublikasy nyahili atlandyrylypdyr?
4. What is the total area of the country?
Ýurdyň umumy tutýan meýdany näçe?
Yurdyng umumy tutyan meydany nyache?
5. Which countries border Turkmenistan?
Haýsy döwletler bilen araçäkleşýär?
Haysy dowletler bilen arachakleshyar?
6. Which desert covers the largest area of the country?
Ýurdyň tutýan aglaba bölegini haýsy çöl tutýar?
Yurdyng tutyan aglaba bolegini haysy chol tutyar?
7. How can the climate be characterized?
Howasyny nähili suratlandyryp bolar?
Howasyny nyahili suratlandyryp bolar?
7. Listen to the speaker and follow along in your book.
Afghanistan/Afghani Owganystan / Owgan Owganystan / Owgan

Canada/Canadian Kanada / Kanadaly Kanada / Kanadaly
China/Chinese Hytay / Hytayly Hytaý / Hytaýly
Denmark/Danes Daniya / Daniyaly Daniýa / Daniýaly
Egypt/Egyptian Myusur / Myusurli Müsür / Müsürli
England/English Angliya / Inglis Angliýa / Iňlis
Finland/Finns Finlyandiya / Finlyandiyaly Finlýandiýa / Finlýandiýaly
France/French Fransiya / Fransyyaly Fransiýa / Fransyýaly
Germany/German Germaniya / Germaniyaly Germaniýa / Germeniýaly
Great Britain/British Beyik Britaniya / Britaniyaly Beýik Britaniýa / Britaniýaly
India/Indian Hindistan / Hindi Hindistan / Hindi
Indonesia/Indonesian Indoneziya / Indoneziyaly Indoneziýa / Indoneziýaly
Iran/Iranian Eyran / Eyranly Eýran / Eýranly
274
Iraq/Iraqi Yrak / Yrakly Yrak / Yrakly
Ireland/Irish Irlandiya / Irlandiyaly Irlandiýa / Irlandiýaly
Israel/Israeli Yzrayil / Yzrayilly /Jyohit Yzraýyl / Yzraýylly / Jöhit
Italy/Italian Italiya / Italiyaly Italiýa / Italiýaly
Japan/Japanese Yaponiya / Yapon Ýaponiýa / Ýapon
Jordan/Jordanian Iordaniya / Iordaniyaly Iordaniýa / Iordaniýaly
Korea/Korean Koreya / Korey Koreýa / Koreý
Kuwait/Kuwaiti Kuweyt / Kuweytli Kuweýt / Kuweýtli
Mexico/Mexican Meksika / Meksikaly Meksika / Meksikaly
Netherlands/Dutch Niderlandlar / Gollandiyaly Niderlandlar / Gollandiýaly
Norway/Norwegian Norwegiya / Norwegiyaly Norwegiýa / Norwegiýaly
Pakistan/Pakistani Pyakistan / Pyakistanly Päkistan / Päkistanly
Philippines/Filipino Filippin / Filippinli Filippin / Filippinli
Russia/Russian Orsyyet / Ors Orsyýet / Ors
Saudi Arabia/Saudi Saud Arabystany / Saud Saud Arabystany / Saud
Arabystanly Arabystanly
Scotland/Scot Shotlandiya / Shotlandiyaly Şotlandiýa / Şotlandiýaly
South Africa/South Gunorta Afrika / Gunorta Günorta Afrika / Günorta
African Afrikaly Afrikaly
Spain/Spanish Ispaniya / Ispan Ispaniýa / Ispan
Sweden/Swede Shwetsiya / Shwed Şwetsiýa / Şwed
Syria/Syrian Siriya / Siriyaly Siriýa / Siriýaly
Thailand/Thai Tayland / Tayland Taýland / Taýland
Vietnam/Vietnamese Wiyetnam / Wiyetnam Wiýetnam / Wiýetnam
Wales/Welsh Wels / Welsly Wels / Welsly
North America Demirgazyk Amerika Demirgazyk Amerika
Central America Merkezi Amerika Merkezi Amerika
South America Gunorta Amerika Günorta Amerika
Western Europe Gunbatar Yewropa Günbatar Ýewropa
Central Europe Merkezi Yewropa Merkezi Ýewropa
Eastern Europe Gundogar Yewropa Gündogar Ýewropa
Middle East Orta Gyundogar Orta Gündogar
Southwest Asia Gunorta-gunbatar Aziya Günorta-günbatar Aziýa
Southeast Asia Gunorta-gundogar Aziya Günorta-gündogar Aziýa
Africa Afrika Afrika
Australia Awstraliya Awstraliýa
Eastern Asia Gundogar Aziya Gündogar Aziýa
Arctic Arktika Arktika
Antarctica Antarktika Antarktika
Pacific Rim Yuwash Okean dowletleri Ýuwaş Okean döwletleri
In the Central Asian countries, which includes the former Soviet Republics, the name of the state
was formed in the following way: the name of the nationality + the connecting vowel + the noun
“stan’ which means state or is translated as state; for example: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and
Tajikistan. In compound words, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, the connecting vowel is missing
275
(or these compound words are formed without any connecting vowel). So, the name of the State
presents a compound word/noun, consisting of two nouns, which may be connected by the vowel
“I” and in some cases without it.
8. Listen to and read the dialogues about nationality. Note the ways to determine
one’s nationality.
Are you from Syria? No, I’m from Egypt. I’m an Egyptian.
Sen Siriyadanmy? Yok, Men Myusurden. Men Myusurli.
Sen Siriýadanmy? Ýok, Men Müsürden. Men Müsürli.
Are you American? No, I’m Canadian.

Sen Amerikalymy? Yok, men Kanadaly.
Sen Amerikalymy? Ýok, men Kanadaly.
What is your nationality? I’m Vietnamese.

Sen nireli? Milleting nyame? Men Wiyetnamly.
Sen nireli? Milletiň näme? Men Wiýetnamly.
Where are you from? I’m from India. I’m Indian.

Sen nireden? Men Hindistandan. Men hindi.
Sen nireden? Men Hindistandan. Men hindi.
Are you Indonesian? Yes, I’m Indonesian. I live in Jakarta.

Sen Indoneziyalymy? Hawa, men Indoneziyaly. Men Jakartada
yashayaryn.
Sen Indoneziýalymy? Hawa, men Indoneziýaly. Men Jakartada
ýaşaýaryn.
Are you from Afghanistan? I live in Afghanistan, but I am Pakistani.

Sen Owganystandanmy? Men Owganystanda yashayaryn, emma men
Pyakistanly.
Sen Owganystandanmy? Men Owganystanda ýaşaýaryn, emma men
Päkistanly.
9. Create questions in the target language that are appropriate to the answers provided.
1. - …………………………..?
- Hawa, men Weyetnamly.

- Hawa, men Weýetnamly.
276
2. - ……………………………?
- Yok, men Amerikaly dal. Men Kanadaly.

- Ýok, men Amerikaly däl. Men Kanadaly.
3. - …………… or ……………..?
- Men Pyakistanda yashayaryn, emma men Owgan.

- Men Päkistanda ýaşaýaryn, emma men Owgan.
4. - ……………………………..?
- Hawa, biz Yrakly.

- Hawa, biz Yrakly.
10. What do you hear? The speaker will read one word from each line of text. Mark
the word that you hear. Check your answers with the answer key.
1. Afghanistan Pakistan Iran India

2. Ireland Thailand Netherlands England
3. Vietnam Jordan Japan China
4. Saudi Arabia Syria Israel Jordan
5. Kuwait Iraq Egypt Russia
277
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Translate the following headlines into English. Check your work with the answer key.
1.Döwletiň baştutany iki döwletiň ýangyç energetiki toplumynyň gelejekde ösüşi barada
maslahatlaşmak üçin Gazagystanyň Daşary Ýurt Ministrini kabul etdi.
2.Altyýap, Gökdepe etraplarynda hem Garry Nohur obasynyň töwereklerinde dynç alyş
öýleriniň gurulmagyna rugsat berilýänligi üçin Prezident Atamyradowy tankytlady.
3.Prezident Awstraliýanyň delegatsiýasyny kabul etdi.

Prezident Avstraliyanyng delegatsiyasyny kabul etdi.
4.Aşgabat şäher häkimliginiň ýolbaşçylarynyň bellenilmegi.
5.Şonuň ýaly hem Saparmurat Türkmenbaşy etrap häkimleriniň orunbasarlyk wezipesine iki
sany aýal maşgalany belledi.
2. Listen to and read the following news report from Turkmenistan, then answer the
questions that follow. Check your work with the Answer Key.
1. Şu gün, Türkmenistanyň Prezidenti, Beýik Saparmyrat Türkemnbaşy, Ministrler

Kabinetiniň maslahatyny geçirdi. Maslahata dürli ministrlikleriň, kärhanalaryň,
ýurdumyzyň nebit gaz hem oba hojalyk senagatynyň ýolbaşçylary gatnaşdylar.
Shu gyun, Turkmenistanyng Prezidenti, Beyik Saparmyrat Turkemnbashy, Ministrler

Kabinetining maslahatyny gechirdi. Maslahata durli ministrliklering, karhanalaryng,
yurdumyzyng nebit gaz hem oba hojalyk senagatynyng yolbashchylary gatnashdylar.
• What kind of meeting was held by the President Saparmyrat Turkmenbashy today?
Şu gün, Türkmenistanyň Prezidenti, Saparmyrat Türkemnbaşy, nähili maslahat geçirdi?
Shu gun, Turkmenistanyng Prezidenti, Saparmyrat Turkemnbashy, nyahili maslahat gechirdi?
• Who participated in the meeting?

Maslahata kimler gatnaşdy?
Maslahata kimler gatnashdy?
278
2. Saparmyrat Türkemnbaşy oba hojalygynda täze hasabyň, “Türkmendemir” (Turkmen
Iron) Aktsioner Jemgyýetiniň açylmagy hakyndaky kararlara gol çekdi.
Saparmyrat Turkemnbashy oba hojalygynda taze hasabyng, “Turkmendemir” (Turkmen
Iron) Aktsioner Jemgyyetining achylmagy hakyndaky kararlara gol chekdi.
• What kind of decrees were signed by Saparmyrat Turkmenbashy?

Saparmyrat Türkemnbaşy nähili kararlara gol çekdi?
Saparmyrat Turkemnbashy nyahili kararlara gol chekdi?
3. Saparmyrat Türkemnbaşy Etnografiýa Sergisini gurmak hakyndaky taslamany

makullady.
Saparmyrat Turkemnbashy Etnografiya Sergisini gurmak hakyndaky taslamany
makullady.
• What kind of proposal was approved by the President?

Prezident tarapyndan nähili teklip makullanyldy?
Prezident tarapyndan nyahili teklip makullanyldy?
4. Şonuň ýaly hem Prezident Ulag we Aragatnaşyk Edarasynyň täze jaýynyň gurluşuguny
makullady.
Shonung yaly hem Prezident Ulag we Aragatnashyk Edarasynyng taze jayinyng
gurlushuguny makullady.
• The construction of what Institute was approved by the President?

Prezident tarapyndan haýsy Edaranyň jaýynyň gurluşygy makullanyldy?
Prezident tarapyndan haysy Edaranyng jayinyng gurlushugy makullanyldy?
5. Prezident Köpetdagyň eteklerinde damjalamak usuly bilen suwaryş tertibini gurmak

hakyndaky gurluşygyň Yzraýyl guramasy bilen gol çekişmegi hem tassyklady.
Prezident Kopetdagyng eteklerinde damjalamak usuly bilen suwarysh tertibini gurmak
hakyndaky gurlushyga Yzrayil guramasy bilen gol chekishmegi hem tassyklady.
• What contract was approved by the President?

Haýsy ylalaşyk Prezident tarapyndan tassyklanyldy?
Haysy ilalashyk Prezident tarapyndan tassyklanyldy?
3. Work with a partner or in a small group. From the list of the countries above, choose
one and give a briefing on its location and political system. Pretend that you are giving a
press conference. Your classmates will role-play as the news reporters by asking you
questions.
279
The following questions may help you in your work:
1. Does this country have a president? Who is the current president?

2. How many political parties are there in this country?
3. Is there a war in this country now?
4. Does this country have a parliament?
5. Is there a democracy in this country?
6. Does this country have a prime minister?
7. Is the leader of this country a dictator?
8. Is this country a republic?
9. What is a specific geographical feature of this country?
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Vocabulary
Conflict Dawa / Jenjel Dawa / Jenjel
Democracy/democratic Demikratiya / Demokratik Demikratiýa / Demokratik
Dictator Diktator Diktator
Dispute Dawa / Jedel Dawa / Jedel
Election Saylaw Saýlaw
Government Hokumet Hökümet
Human Rights Adam hukuklary Adam hukuklary
Invade/invasion Guych bilen girmek / Basyp Güýç bilen girmek /Basyp
almak almak
Leader Yolbashchy Ýolbaşçy
Ministry Ministrlik Ministrlik
Nuclear weapons Yadro yaragy Ýadro ýaragy
Official Resmi adam Resmi adam
Parliament Mejlis Mejlis
Policy Syyasat Syýasat
Political Party Syyasy Topary/Guramasy Syýasy Topary/Guramasy
President Prezident Prezident
Prime minister Primyer Ministr Primýer Ministr
Racial Jynsparazchylyk Jynsparazçylyk
Radical Duypli/Esas Düýpli/Esas
Religious Dini Dini
Republic Respublika Respublika
State Dowlet / Welayat Döwlet / Welaýat
Term of office Wekilchilik / Ygtyyarlylyk Wekilçilik / Ygtyýarlylyk
mohleti möhleti
To kill Oldurmek Öldürmek
To vote Ses bermek Ses bermek
To invade Guych bilen girmek / Basyp Güýç bilen girmek / Basyp
almak almak
War Urush Uruş
World Dunya Dünýä
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 3
The President of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Turkmenbashi the Great, issued an order on

Aytgulyev. According to the order, Mr. Gurbanguly Aytgulyev is appointed to the position of
Chairman of Turkmendokun (Turkmen fertilizers) Joint Stock Association and General Director
of the Turkmenkarbamid (Turkmen area) plant in the city of Tejen, for a probationary period of
six months, and in the case of unsatisfactory fulfillment of his official duties, he will be released
from these positions without an offer of another job.
1. Mr. Gurbanguly Aytgulyev was appointed to this position.

2. According to the order of the President of Turkmenistan.
3. He will carry out the positions of Chairman and General Director.
4. In the case of unsatisfactory fulfillment of his official duties, he will be released from these
positions without an offer of another job.
5. The probationary period is six months.
Exercise 6
Turkmenistan (also known as Turkmenia or Turkmania) is a country in Central Asia. The name
Turkmenistan is derived from Persian, meaning "land of the Turkmen." Before 1991, it was a
constituent republic of the Soviet Union, called the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic. It is
bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the southwest, Uzbekistan to the northeast,
Kazakhstan to the northwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west. Although the country is wealthy in
natural resources in certain areas, most of it is covered by the Karakum (Black Sands) Desert.
At 188,457 mi² (488,100 km²), Turkmenistan is the world's 52nd-largest country, after Spain. It
is comparable in size to Cameroon, and somewhat larger than the US state of California.
Some ninety percent of the country is covered by the Karakum Desert. The Kopet Dag Range,
along the southwestern border, reaches 2,912 meters (9,553 ft). The Turkmen Balkan Mountains
in the far west and the Kugitang Range in the Far East are the only other appreciable elevations.
Rivers include the Amu Darya, Murgap, and the Hari Rud. The climate is subtropical desert,
with little rainfall. Winters are mild and dry, with most precipitation falling between January and
May. Heaviest precipitation is in the Kopetdag Range. Other cities include: Turkmenbashi
(formerly Krasnovodsk) and Dashoguz.
1. Turkmenistan is situated in Central Asia.

Türkmenistan Orta Aziýada ýerleşýän döwletdir.
Turkmenistan Orta Aziyada yerleshyan dowletdir.
2. The name “Turkmenistan” originated from a Persian word meaning "land of the
Turkmen."
Türkmenistan diýilýän at pars dilinden gelip çykyp, “ türkmenleriň ýeri” diýmegi aňladýar.
Turkmenistan diyilyan at pars dilinden gelip chykyp, “ turkmenlering yeri” diymegi
angladyar.
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3. In the former Soviet Union, the republic was called the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic.
Ozalky Sowet Soýuzynda respublika Türkmen Sowet Sotsiýalistik Respublikasy diýlip
atlandyrylan.
Ozalky Sowet Soyuzynda respublika Turkmen Sowet Sotsiyalistik Respublikasy diylip
atlandyrylan.
4. The total area of the country is 488,100 km².
Ýurduň umumy tutýan meýdany 488,100 göniburçluk kilometr.
Yurdung umumy tutyan meydany 488,100 goniburchluk kilometr.
5. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the southwest, Uzbekistan to the
northeast, Kazakhstan to the northwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west.
Ol günorta-gündogarda Owganystan, günorta-günbatarda Eýran, demirgazyk-gündogarda
Özbegistan, demiragzyk-günbatarda Gazagystan hem günbatarda Kaspi Deňziniň üsti bilen
araçäkleşýär.
Ol gunorta-gundogarda Owganystan, gunorta-gunbatarda Eyran, demirgazyk-gundogarda
Ozbegistan, demiragzyk-gunbatarda Gazagystan hem gyunbatarda Kaspi Dengzining usti
bilen arachyakleshyar.
6. Most of its territory is covered by the Karakum (Black Sands) Desert.
Döwletiň aglaba bölegini Garagum çöli tutýar.
Dowleting aglaba bolegini Garagum choli tutyar.
7. The climate of the country is subtropical desert with little rainfall. Winters are mild and
dry, with most precipitation falling between January and May. Heaviest precipitation is
in the Kopetdag Range.
Howasy subtropik çölüň howasy bolup, azowlak ýagynly. Gyş pasly ýumşak hem gurak bolup
ygalyň köp bölegi Türkmenbaşy (Ýanwar) hem Magtymguly (Maý) aýlarynda düşýär. Güýçli
ygal Köpetdag sepgitliginde bolýar.
Howasy subtropik cholung howasy bolup, azowlak yagynly. Gysh pasly yumshak hem gurak
bolup ygalyng kop bolegi Turkmenbashy (Yanwar) hem Magtymguly (May) aylarynda
dushyar. Guychli ygal Kopetdag sepgitliginde bolyar.
Exercise 9
1. Sen Wiýetnamlymy? Sen Wiyetnamlymy?

Siz Wiýetnamlymy? Siz Wiyetnamlymy?
(plural, formal)
2. Sen Amerikanlymy? Sen Amerikanlymy?
Siz Amerikanlymy? Siz Amerikanlymy?
(plural, formal)
3. Sen Päkistanlymy? Sen Pyakistanlymy?
Siz Päkistanlymy? Siz Pyakistanlymy?
(plural, formal)
4. Sen Yraklymy? Sen Yraklymy?
Siz Yraklymy? Siz Yraklymy?
(plural, formal)
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1. - Are you Vietnamese?
- Yes, I’m Vietnamese.
2. - Are you American?

- No, I’m not American. I’m Canadian.
3. - Are you Pakistani?

- I live in Pakistan, but I’m Afghani.
4. - Are you Iraqis?

- Yes, we are Iraqis.
Exercise 10
1. India Hindistan
2. England Angliýa
3. Jordan Iordaniýa
4. Israel Yzraýyl
5. Russia Orsyýet
1. The leader of the country received the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan to discuss
further development of the fuel energy complex of both countries.
2. The President criticized Atamyradov for allowing construction of rest houses in the Altyyap,
Gokdepe district, and near Garry Nohur village.
3. The President received the delegation from Australia
4. Appointments of Ashgabat city officials.
5. Saparmyrat Turkmenbashy the Great also appointed two women to the positions of deputy
governors.
Exercise 2
1. Today, the President of Turkmenistan, Saparmyrat Turkmenbashy the Great, held a

meeting of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan. Heads of various ministries and
offices, including the oil, gas and agricultural sectors, were invited to the meeting.
2. Saparmyrat Turkmenbashy signed decrees for opening a new agricultural sector account,
on formation of the “Turkmen Demir” (Turkmen Iron) Joint Stock Association.
3. Saparmurat Turkmenbashy approved the proposal to build an ethnography museum.
4. The President also approved the project design of the new Institute of Transportation and
Communication.
284
5. The President approved concluding a contract with an Israeli company, for a project
installing a drip irrigation system in the Kopetdag Mountain foothills.
1.
• Şu gün, Türkmenistanyň Prezidenti, Beýik Saparmyrat Türkemnbaşy Ministrler Kabinetiniň
maslahatyny geçirdi.
Shu gyun, Turkmenistanyng Prezidenti, Beyik Saparmyrat Turkemnbashy Ministrler
Kabinetining maslahatyny gechirdi.
• Maslahata dürli ministrlikleriň, kärhanalaryň, ýurdumyzyň nebit gaz hem oba hojalyk
senagatynyň ýolbaşçylary gatnaşdylar.
Maslahata durli ministrliklering, karhanalaryng, yurdumyzyng nebit gaz hem oba hojalyk
senagatynyng yolbashchylary gatnashdylar.
2.
• Saparmyrat Türkemnbaşy oba hojalygynda täze hasabyň, “Tűrkmendemir” (Turkmen Iron)
Aktsioner Jemgyýetiniň açylmagy hakyndaky kararlara gol çekdi.
Saparmyrat Turkemnbashy oba hojalygynda taze hasabyng, “Turkmendemir” Aktsioner
Jemgyyetining achylmagy hakyndaky kararlara gol chekdi.
3.
• Prezident Etnografiýa Sergisini gurmak hakyndaky teklibini makullady.
Prezident Etnografiya Sergisini gurmak hakyndaky teklibini makullady.
4.
• Prezident tarapyndan Ulag we Aragatnaşyk Edarasynyň täze jaýynyň gurluşugyny makullady.
Prezident tarapyndan Ulag we Aragatnashyk Edarasynyng taze jayinyng gurlushugy
makullady.
5.
• Prezident Köpetdagyň eteklerinde damjalamak usuly bilen suwaryş tertibini gurmak
hakyndaky gurluşugyny tassyklady.
Prezident Kopetdagyng eteklerinde damjalamak usuly bilen suwarysh tertibini gurmak
hakyndaky gurlushugy tassyklady.
285
The Military
Harby

- Basic military vocabulary.
- The rank structure of the U.S. Army and Turkmenistan military forces.
- Names of weapons and army vehicles.
1. What do soldiers do? What do soldiers use? What do soldiers wear? The pictures will
help you guess the meaning of unknown terms.
Bu esgerler harby geyimini geyyarler. Olar ayaklaryna adik, kellelerine hem kaska geyyarler.
Kaska olaryng kellelerini toplardan oklardan, okly peshenglerden hem partlayjylardan gorayar.
Esgerler yaraglaryny ellerinde saklayarlar.
Bu esgerler harby geýimini geýýärler. Olar aýaklaryna ädik, kellelerine hem kaska geýýärler.
Kaska olaryň kellelerini toplardan oklardan, okly peşeňlerden hem partlaýjylardan goraýar.
Esgerler ýaraglaryny ellerinde saklaýarlar.
286
This soldier talks on the
radio with his This soldier has a rocket
This soldier fires his rifle. commander. launcher.
Bu esger radioda oz
komandiri / yolbashchysy Bu esgering raketa
Esger oz tupengini atyar. bilen gepleshyar. goyberilmeli enjamy bar.
Bu esger radioda öz
komandiri / ýolbaşçysy Bu esgeriň raketa
Esger öz tüpeňini atýar. bilen gepleşýär. goýberilmeli enjamy bar.
2. Now listen to the new words and repeat them after the speaker.
Soldier Esger Esger

Uniform Esger eshigi/ Uniforma Esger Eşigi/ Uniforma
Boots Adik Ädik
Helmet Kaska Kaska
To protect Goramak Goramak
Artillery Toplar Toplar
Ammunition Ok / Pesheng Ok / Peşeň
Explosives Partlayjylar Partlaýjylar
Weapons Yarag Ýarag
Radio Radio Radio
Commander Komandir / Yolbashchy Komandir / Ýolbaşçy
To fire Ok atmak / Ot achmak Ok atmak / Ot açmak
Rifle Tupeng Tüpeň
Rocket launcher Raketa atyan enjamy Raketa atýän enjamy
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3. Read the statements and match each one with the correct picture. Check your answers
1. 2. 3.
A.
Ol harby dal. Onung yaragy yok. Onung chagalary bar.
Ol harby däl. Onuň ýaragy ýok. Onuň çagalary bar.
B.
Ol esger. Onung yaragy bar.
Ol esger. Onuň ýaragy bar.
C.
Esger harby dal adamdan yarag gozleyar.
Esger harby däl adamdan ýarag gözleýär.
Do you understand what gözlemek, agtarmak, and barlamak mean?
The verbs gözlemek, agtarmak, barlamak can be used as synonyms, although barlamak
means to check in order to find something.
Gözlemek - means to look for, to search, to control.
Agtarmak means - to look for, to search, to ransack.
Barlamak means - to check for, to search, to control.
For example:
Arslan kitaby gözleýýär.

Arslan kitaby gozleyyar.
Arslan is looking for a book.
Ogrylar onuň öýini agtarypdyrlar.

Ogrylar onung oyini agtarypdyrlar.
The burglars ransacked his house.
Politsiýa işgäri bizi saklady we biziň pasportlarymyzy hem horjunlarymyzy barlady.

Politsiya ishgyari bizi saklady we bizing pasportlarymyzy hem horjunlarymyzy barlady.
The policeman stopped us and checked our passports and bags.
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4. Listen to the new words and repeat them after the speaker.
1. 2. 3.
Ozi hereket edyan reaktiw

Bular HUMMVEE ulaglary. raketa goyberyan enjam
Özi hereket edýän reaktiw

Bular HUMMVEE ulaglary. raketa goýberýän enjam
4. 5. 6.
Tank Ozi hereket edyan top Bronlanan ulag
Tank Özi hereket edýän top Bronlanan ulag
5. Now cover the names of the vehicles with a sheet of paper and name them. Repeat
Exercise 4 as many times as you need to feel comfortable with the new terms.
1. ……………………..
2. ……………………..
3. ……………………..
4. ……………………..
5. ……………………..
6. ……………………..
289
6. Listen to the new words and repeat them after the speaker.
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 8
1 Mortar Minomyot Minomýot 5 Mine Mina Mina

2 Rifle Tupeng Tüpeň 6 Pistol Pistolet / Pistolet /
Sapancha / Sapança /
Rewolwer Rewolwer
3 Machine gun Pulemyot Pulemýot 7 Missile Reaktiw Reaktiw
snaryady / snarýady /
raketa raketa
4 Grenade Granat Granat 8 Weapons cache Yarag Ýarag
saklanyan saklanýan
gizlin yer gizlin ýer
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7. Look at the pictures in Exercise 6. Cover the Target Language translations and the
English words in Exercise 6. Match each term with the correct picture.
A. mine mina mina

B. missile reaktiw snaryady reaktiw snarýady
C. grenade granat granat
D. weapons cache yarag saklanyan gizlin ýarag saklanýan gizlin
yer ýer
E. pistol pistolet / sapancha / pistolet / sapança /
rewolwer rewolwer
F. mortar minomyot minomýot
G. machine gun pulemyot pulemýot
H. rifle tupeng tüpeň
8. In the following lists of items, three belong to the group, but the fourth does not logically
belong. Cross it out, and then check your answers with the answer key.
1. Tank Granat Agyr ýük üçin Humwee

Tank Granat ulag Humwee
Agyr yuk yuchin
ulag
2. Tüpeň Minomýot Kaska Pulemýot
Tyupeng Minomyot Kaska Pulemyot
3. Esger geýimi / Esger Harby däl Komandir /
uniforma Esger Harby dal ýolbaşçy
Esger geyimi / Komandir /
uniforma yolbashchy
4. Radio Karta Minaly Ýarag
Radio Karta meýdança Yarag
Minaly
meydancha
5. Kaska Artilleriýa / Forma geýimi / Ädik
Kaska toplar uniforma Adik
Artilleriya / Forma geyimi /
toplar uniforma
6. Gullukçy / Esger Harby däl Komandir /
Ofitser Esger Harby dal ýolbaşçy
Gullukçy / Komandir /
Ofitser yolbashchy
291
9. Read the following statements and mark each as True or False. Check your answers
1. A. ______
Esgerler shemaldan / yelden goranmak uchin / goranyp kaska geyyarler.

Esgerler şemaldan / ýelden goranmak üçin / goranyp kaska geýýärler.
B. ______
Esgerler okdan goranmak uchin kaska geyyarler.

Esgerler okdan goranmak üçin kaska geýýärler.
C. ______
Esgerler partlayjylardan hem top oklaryndan goranmak uchin / goranyp kaska geyyarler.
Esgerler partlaýjylardan hem top oklaryndan goranmak üçin / goranyp kaska geýýärler.
2. A. ______
Biz hemme harby dal adamlary yaraglar sebapli barlayarys.

Biz hemme harby däl adamlary ýarag sebäpli barlaýarys.
B. ______
Biz hemme dushman esgerleri yaraglar sebapli barlayarys.

Biz hemme duşman esgerleri ýarag sebäpli barlaýarys.
C. ______
Biz hemme gullukchylary / ofitserleri yaraglar sebapli barlayarys.

Biz hemme gullukçylary / ofitserleri ýarag sebäpli barlaýarys.
10. What do you hear? Listen to the speaker and mark the statement that you hear.
1. A. Soldiers wear helmets for protection from explosives.

B. Soldiers wear helmets for protection from ammunition and artillery.
C. Soldiers wear helmets for protection from wind.
2. A. We are searching all civilians for weapons.

B. We are searching all enemy soldiers for weapons.
C. We are searching all enemy officers for weapons.
292
11. Listen and repeat the new words after the speaker.
Army base Goshun bazasy Goşun bazasy

Be careful! Habardar bol! Habardar bol!
Habardar bolung! Habardar boluň! (plural,
formal)
Curfew Komendant sagady / Komendant sagady /
Komendant wagty Komendant wagty
In charge of … Bir zada jogap bermek / Bir zada jogap bermek /
Jogapkyar bolmak Jogapkär bolmak
Minefield Minaly meydancha Minaly meýdança
Roadblock Yol barlag-gozegchilik bolumi Ýol barlag-gözegçilik bölümi
Identification Kimdigi barada maglumat Kimdigi barada maglumat
beryan shahsy kagyz / berýän şahsy kagyz /
Tanamak / Kimdigini bilmek Tanamak / Kimdigini
bilmek
Patrol Patrul / Dazor / Gorag otryady Patrul / Dazor / Gorag
otrýady
Base Baza Baza
12. Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the vocabulary list above. Check your
A.
Gorag otryada kim ________________? Gorag otryadyng bashlygy / yolbashchysy.
Gorag otrýada kim ________________? Gorag otrýadyň başlygy / ýolbaşçysy.

B.
Ol tayda nyame ____________________? Hawa, sagat gichlik 8:00 –den (sekizden) irden
sagat 6:00-a (alta) chenli.
Ol taýda näme _____________________? Hawa, sagat giçlik 8:00 -den (sekizden) irden sagat
6:00-a (alta) çenli.
C. .
____________! Yolung angry tarapy ___________________!
_______________! Yolung angry tarapy __________________!
____________! Ýoluň aňry tarapy _______________!

_______________! (plural, formal) Ýoluň aňry tarapy _______________!
293
D.
Hemmeler ______________________________ gorkezmeli!
Hemmeler ______________________________ görkezmeli!

E.
__________ nirede? / ___________ nirede yerleshyar? Bazanyng beyleki tarapynda.
__________ nirede? / ___________ nirede ýerleşýär? Bazanyň beýleki tarapynda.
13. Work with a partner and take turns reading and role-playing the dialogues from
Exercise 12.
14. Work in a small group, and create similar dialogues, and then role-play them.
15. Study the list of U.S. Army ranks. Compare them with the Turkmenistan military
equivalents.
Enlisted Harby gullugyna Harby gullugyna

chagyrylanlar/ çagyrylanlar /
Harby gullukchy ( Harby gullukçy (
esger, yonekey esger, ýönekeý
hem serjant hem seržant
sostawynda duran sostawynda duran
harby gullukchy) harby gullukçy)
Private Hususy esger Hususy esger
Corporal Beden / Fiziki Beden / Fiziki
Sergeant Serjant Seržant
Sergeant Major Esasy / Bash Esasy / Baş seržant
serjant
Officer Gullukchy / Ofitser Gullukçy / Ofitser

Lieutenant Leytenant Leýtenant
Captain Kapitan Kapitan
Major Mayor Maýor
Lt. Colonel Podpolkownik Podpolkownik
Colonel Polkownik Polkownik
General General General
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Work with a partner or in a small group. In Turkmen, compose a caption for each
picture below.
1. …………………………………………………… .
2. …………………………………………………… .
3. …………………………………………………… .
2. a) Translate the following sentences into English. Check your work with the answer
key.
A. Gizlin ýarag goýulýan ýer nirede?

Gizlin yarag goyulyan yer nirede?
B. Gorag otrýada kim jogap berýär?
Gorag otryada kim jogap beryar?
C. Sen barlag nokadynda şahsy kagyzyňy görkezmeli.
Siz barlag nokadynda şahsy kagyzyňyzy görkezmeli. (plural, formal)
Sen barlag nokadynda shahsy kagyzyngy gorkezmeli.
Siz barlag nokadynda shahsy kagyzyngyzy gorkezmeli.
D. Her bir harby däl adam ýarag sebäpli barlanmaly.
Her bir harby dal adam yarag sebapli barlanmaly.
E. Komendant wagty giçlik sagat 9:00-da (dokuzda) başlanýar. Häzir sagat 9:45 (dokuz kyrk bäşda).
Őýüňe gaýt . / Öýüňize gaýdyň. (plural, formal)
Komendant wagty gichlik sagat 9:00-da (dokuzda) bashlanyar. Hazir sagat 9:45 (dokuz kyrk
byashda). Oyyunge gayt . / Oyyungize gaydyng.
F. Diňe esgerler goşun bazasyna girip bilerler.
Dinge esgerler goshun bazasyna girip bilerler.
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b) Work with a partner or in a small group. Make up situations where you can use
sentences C, D, E, and F as a reply. Create the first part of the conversation so that you
have short dialogues. Role-play them.
3. a) Translate the following into Turkmen. Compare your translation against the answer
key.
A. Please step out of the car. We must search the vehicle for weapons.
B. It is after curfew. You must come with me for questioning.
C. The weapons cache is on the other side of Checkpoint Delta.
D. Be careful. There is a minefield east of the railroad.
E. Every soldier needs to have a radio and a map.
F. You must know all the checkpoints and roadblocks in this area.
b) Work with a partner or in a small group. Create situations where you can use these
sentences as a reply. Create the first part of the conversation so that you have short
dialogues. Role-play them.
296
Vocabulary
Ammunition Ok / Pesheng Ok / Peşeň
Army base Goshun bazasy Goşun bazasy
Artillery Artilleriya / Toplar Artilleriýa / Toplar
Base Baza Baza
Be careful! Habardar bol! Habardar bol!
Boots Adik Ädik
Civilian Harby dal Harby däl
Commander Komandir Komandir
Curfew Komendant sagady Komendant sagady
Enemy Dushman Duşman
Explosive Partlayjy Partlaýjy
Grenade Granat Granat
Gun Top / Pulemyot / Pistolet / Top / Pulemýot / Pistolet /
Rewolwer Rewolwer
Helmet Kaska Kaska
1. In charge --- 1. Bir zada jogap bermek / bir zada 1. Bir zada jogap bermek / bir
(of a patrol, base) jogapkyar bolmak zada jogapkär bolmak
2. In charge of a 2. Gorag otryadyna jogap bermek / 2. Gorag otrýadyna jogap
patrol--- jogapkyar bolmak bermek / jogapkär bolmak
3. In charge of a 3. Baza jogap bermek / jogapkar 3. Baza jogap bermek /
base--- bolmak jogapkär bolmak
Machine gun Pulemyot Pulemýot
Map Karta Karta
Military Harby Harby
Mine Mina Mina
Minefield Minaly meydancha Minaly meýdança
Missile Reaktiw snaryady Reaktiw snarýady
Mortar Minomyot Minomýot
Officer Ofitser Ofitser
Protection Gorag Gorag
Radio Radio Radio
Rank Hatar Hatar
Rifle Tupeng Tüpeň
Roadblock Yol barlag-gozegchilik bolumi Ýol barlag-gözegçilik bölümi
Rocket Raketa Raketa
Rocket launcher Raketa goyberilyan enjam Raketa goýberilýän enjam
Search Gozlemek / Agtarmak / Barlamak Gözlemek / Agtarmak /
Barlamak
Soldier Esger Esger
Tank Tank Tank
Uniform Forma geyimi / Uniforma Forma geýimi / Uniforma
Weapons Yarag Ýarag
297
Weapons cache Yarag goyulyan gizlin yer Ýarag goýulýan gizlin ýer
Enlisted Harby gulluga adam toplamak / Harby gulluga adam toplamak
Harby gullukchy (yonekey esger / Harby gullukçy (ýönekeý
hem serjant toparynda duran harby esger hem seržant toparynda
gullukchy) duran harby gullukçy)
Private Hususy esger Hususy esger
Corporal Beden / Fiziki Beden / Fiziki
Sergeant Serjant Seržant
Sergeant Major Esasy / Bash serjant Esasy / Baş seržant
Officer Ofitser Ofitser
Lieutenant Leytenant Leýtenant
Captain Kapitan Kapitan
Major Mayor Maýor
Lt. Colonel Podpolkownik Podpolkownik
Colonel Polkownik Polkownik
General General General
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 3
1. C. The soldier searches the civilian for weapons.

2. B. He is a soldier. He has a weapon.
3. A. He is a civilian. He does not have weapons. He has children.
Exercise 8
1. Grenade Granat Granat

2. Helmet Kaska Kaska
3. Uniform Forma geýimi / Uniforma Forma geyimi / Uniforma
4. Minefield Minaly meýdança Minaly meydancha
5. Artillery Artilleriýa Artilleriya
6. Civilian Harby däl Harby dal
Exercise 9
1. A. __F____
Esgerler shemaldan / yelden goranmak uchin / goranyp kaska geyyarler.

Esgerler şemaldan / ýelden goranmak üçin / goranyp kaska geýýärler.
B. __T____
Esgerler okdan goranyp kaska geyyarler.

Esgerler okdan goranyp kaska geýýärler.
C. __T____
Esgerler partlayjylardan hem top oklaryndan goranmak uchin / goranyp kaska geyyarler.
Esgerler partlaýjylardan hem top oklaryndan goranmak üçin / goranyp kaska geýýärler.
2. A. __F____
Biz ahli harby dal adamlary yarag uchin barlayarys.

Biz ähli harby däl adamlary ýarag üçin barlaýarys.
B. __T____
Biz ahli dushman esgerleri yarag uchin barlayarys.

Biz ähli duşman esgerleri ýarag üçin barlaýarys.
C. __F____
Biz ahli gullukchylary / ofitserleri yarag uchin barlayarys.

Biz ähli gullukçylary / ofitserleri ýarag üçin barlaýarys.
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Exercise 10
1. A. Soldiers wear helmets for protection from explosives.

2. B. We are searching all enemy soldiers for weapons.
1. A.
Esgerler partlayjylardan goranmak uchin / goranyp kaska geyyarler.
Esgerler partlaýjylardan goranmak üçin / goranyp kaska geýýärler.
2. B.
Biz hemme dushman esgerleri yarag sebapli barlayarys.
Biz hemme duşman esgerleri ýarag sebäpli barlaýarys.
Exercise 12
A. Who is in charge of the patrol? The patrol leader is.

B. Is there a curfew? Yes, from 8:00pm to 6:00am.
C. Be careful! There is a minefield across the road!
D. Everyone must show their identification at the checkpoint.
E. Where are the barracks? On the other side of the base.
A. Who is in charge of the patrol? The patrol leader.

Gorag otryada kim jogap beryar? Gorag otryadyng bashlygy / yolbashchysy.
Gorag otrýada kim jogap berýär? Gorag otrýadyň başlygy / ýolbaşçysy.
B. Is there a curfew? Yes, from 8:00pm to 6:00am.
Ol tayda nyame komendant sagadymy? Hawa, sagat gichlik 8:00 –den (sekizden) irden sagat
6:00-a (alta) chenli.
Ol taýda näme komendant sagadymy? Hawa, sagat giçlik 8:00 -den (sekizden) irden sagat
6:00-a (alta) çenli.
C. Be careful! There is a minefield across the road!
Habardar bol! Yolung angry tarapy minaly meydancha!
Habardar bolung! Yolung angry tarapy minaly meydancha!
Habardar bol! Ýoluň aňry tarapy minaly meýdança!
Habardar boluň! (plural, formal) Ýoluň aňry tarapy minaly meýdança!
D. Everyone must show their identification at the checkpoint.
Hemmeler barlag nokadynda shahsy kagyzyny gorkezmeli!
Hemmeler barlag nokadynda şahsy kagyzyny görkezmeli!
E. Where are the barracks? On the other side of the base.
Kazarmalar nirede? / Kazarmalar nirede yerleshyar? Bazanyng beyleki tarapynda.
Kazarmalar nirede? / Kazarmalar nirede ýerleşýär? Bazanyň beýleki tarapynda.
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End of Lesson Exercise 2a
A. Where is the weapons cache?

B. Who is in charge of this patrol?
C. You must show your identification when you pass the checkpoint.
D. All civilians must be searched for weapons.
E. Curfew starts at 9:00pm. It’s 9:45 now. Go back to your home.
F. Only soldiers may enter the army base.
Exercise 3a
A. Please step out of the car. We must search the vehicle for weapons.
Hayisht ulagdan angyrrak suyshung. Biz ulagy yarag uchin barlamaly.
Haýyşt ulagdan aňyrrak süýşüň. Biz ulagy ýarag üçin barlamaly.
B. It is after curfew. You must come with me for questioning.

Bu komendant sagadyndan song. Sen mening bilen sorag-jogap uchin gitmeli. / Siz mening
bilen sorag-jogap uchin gitmeli.
Bu komendant sagadyndan soň. Sen meniň bilen sorag-jogap üçin gitmeli. / Sen meniň bilen
sorag-jogap üçin gitmeli. (plural, formal)
C. The weapons cache is on the other side of Checkpoint Delta.

Gizlin yarag goylyan yer Delta barlag nokadynyng beyleki tarapynda.
Gizlin ýarag goýlýan ýer Delta barlag nokadynyň beýleki tarapynda.
D. Be careful. There is a minefield east of the railroad.

Habardar bol! Demir yolung yundogar tarapynda minaly meydancha bar.
Habardar bolung! Demir yolung yundogar tarapynda minaly meydancha bar.
Habardar bol! Demir ýoluň gündogar tarapynda minaly meýdança bar.

Habardar boluň (plural, formal)! Demir ýoluň gündogar tarapynda minaly meýdança bar.
E. Every soldier needs to have a radio and a map.

Her bir esgering kartasy hem radiosy bolmaly.
Her bir esgeriň kartasy hem radiosy bolmaly.
F. You must know all the checkpoints and roadblocks in this area.
Sen shu yerde bar bolan hemme barlag nokatlaryny hem gozleg-barlag bolumlerini bilmeli.
Siz shu yerde bar bolan hemme barlag nokatlaryny hem gozleg-barlag bolumlerini bilmeli.
Sen şu ýerde bar bolan hemme barlag nokatlaryny hem gözleg-barlag bölümlerini bilmeli.
Siz şu ýerde bar bolan hemme barlag nokatlaryny hem gözleg-barlag bölümlerini bilmeli.
(plural, formal)
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In the Hospital
Keselhanada

- Vocabulary related to medical emergencies and life-saving measures.
- Terminology related to internal organs.
- Ways to ask questions about vital signs
A system of voluntary medical insurance has been operating in Turkmenistan since 1996.
Four percent of people’s salaries is deducted per month and transferred to the Medical
Insurance Fund. All state-funded organizations have announced medical insurance as
compulsory, even though medical insurance is considered to be voluntary in
Turkmenistan.
In 2006, Turkmenistan plans to shift to a compulsory medical insurance for all citizens
and the 2004-2005 time period will be used to prepare for this move. At present the
voluntary insurance scheme is still available in Turkmenistan but only about 85% of the
citizens have signed up for the coverage.
The Medical Insurance covers a list of medications allowed to be purchased at 10% of

their actual value, for those who are insured, which is very limited but does include the
most popular medications available in the state drug stores. Commercial drug stores, on
the other hand, offered a wide range of medications but were sold at the full price. The
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insurance also covers ward treatment. Emergency room visits and ambulance
transportation are free of charge.
However, most citizens do end up paying for medical services since Turkmenistan’s
medical organizations became self-financed; which means that hospitals must request
payment in exchange for various services. So, currently people have to pay double for
medical services: a monthly fee of 4% of their salary for the medical insurance in
addition to the costs fixed by the state for medical services in case of illness.
It is very important to be able to communicate in Turkmen, in case of medical

emergency. For example in the case of natural disaster or armed conflict, somewhere far
from the capital, in one of the villages of Turkmenistan, where people do not speak
English at all and speak very little Russian it would be extremely important to be able to
communicate. If the students will have to participate in delivering medical assistance, the
importance of being able to communicate in Turkmen is very high. Students will need a
good vocabulary in order to render the timely and qualified support.
In Lesson 17, you already learned the names of the human body parts, how to ask
questions about a person’s state of health, and how to describe health conditions
and symptoms of sickness. You also know how to handle a visit to the doctor’s
office. In this lesson, you will familiarize yourself with the vocabulary used for life
threatening health conditions, such as heart attacks, gunshot wounds, severe
bleeding, and head injuries.
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1. Go over the text with the pictures. Try to guess the meaning of the words in bold
from the context.
1 2
Bu adamyng eline shikes yeten. / Bu Bu ayalyng elinde yara bar. / Bu ayalyng

adamyng eli yaralanan. elining yarasy bar.
Bu adamyň eline şikes ýeten. / Bu adamyň Bu aýalyň elinde ýara bar. / Bu aýalyň
eli ýaralanan. eliniň ýarasy bar.
3 4
Bu adamyng ayagy yaralanan. Bu adam boynuny agyrdypdyr.

Bu adamyň aýagy ýaralanan. Bu adam boýnuny agyrdypdyr.
Did you understand the words in bold: Ýaralama, Ýara salma, Ýara / Ýaralanan and
Agyrtma, Ýaralanma, Döwük / Şikes ýeten, Ýaralanan?
Ýaralama, Ýara salma, Ýara means wound

Ýaralanan means wounded
Agyrtma, Ýaralanma, Döwük means injury
Şikes ýeten, Ýaralanan means injured
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2. Look at the pictures in Exercise 1, and match the number of the picture with the
correct definition. Check your answers with the answer key.
A. Ýaralanan aýak - picture number _____.

B. Şikes ýeten boýun / Ýaralanan boýun - picture number _____.
C. Ýaralanan el - picture number _____.
D. Şikes ýeten el /Ýaralanan el - picture number _____.
3. Tell your classmates in Turkmen if you ever had any injuries or wounds.
4. Listen to and read the dialogue between the doctor and the nurse in the
emergency room of a military hospital. Note the use of new vocabulary.
Doctor: How does Sergeant Amanov feel?

Lukman: Serjant Amanov ozuni nyahili duyyar?
Lukman: Seržant Amanov özüni nähili duýar?
Nurse: He feels bad, Doctor Han.

Shepagat uyasy: Ol ozyuni erbet duyyar, Lukman Han.
Şepagat uýasy: Ol özüni erbet duýar, Lukman Han.
Doctor: What is the matter with him?

Lukman: Onga nyame boldy?
Lukman: Oňa näme boldy?
Nurse: His leg hurts.

Shepagat uyasy: Onung ayagy agyryar.
Şepagat uýasy: Onuň aýagy agyrýar.
Doctor: Is it injured?
Lukman: yaralananmy?
Lukman: ýaralananmy?
Nurse: Yes. He has a gunshot wound. He is bleeding.

Shepagat uyasy: Hawa, ok yarasy, ozi hem ganayar.
Şepagat uýasy: Hawa, ok ýarasy, özi hem ganaýar.
Doctor: Does he have a fever?

Lukman: Ol gyzdyryarmy? Onung gyzgyny barmy?
Lukman: Ol gyzdyrýarmy? Onuň gyzgyny barmy?
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Nurse: Yes, he does.
Shepagat uyasy: Hawa, ol gyzdyryar. / Onung gyzgyny bar.
Şepagat uýasy: Hawa, ol gyzdyrýar. / Onuň gyzgyny bar.
Doctor: Is he taking any medications?

Lukman: Ol derman ichyarmi? Ol derman atyarmy?
Lukman: Ol derman içýärmi? Ol derman atýarmy?
Nurse: Yes, antibiotics and painkillers.

Shepagat uyasy: Hawa antibiotik hem agyry uchin dermanlary ichyar / atyar.
Şepagat uýasy: Hawa antibiotik hem agyry üçin dermanlary içýär / atýar.
5. Work with a partner and role-play the dialogue from Exercise 4.
6. Match each of the pictures with the corresponding statement. Try to guess the
meaning of unknown words from the context. Check your answers with the answer
key.
A B C
1.
Bu adamyng yaralanan elining dangysy / sargysy bar. / Bu adam yaralanan eline
dangy dangypdyr / sargy sarapdyr.
Bu adamyň ýaralanan eliniň daňysy / sargysy bar. / Bu adam ýaralanan eline
daňy daňypdyr / sargy sarapdyr.
2.
Bu adam kellesine papak geymedi. Shu gun hem howa oran yssy boldy. Ynha indi
hem ony gun urupdyr.
Bu adam kellesine papak geýmedi. Şu gün hem howa örän yssy boldy. Ine indi
ony gün urupdyr.
3.
Esgering ayagy yaralanan. / Esgering ayagyna shikes yeten.
Esgeriň aýagy ýaralanan. / Esgeriň aýagyna şikes ýeten.
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Did you understand the meanings of the words in bold?
Gün urma means heat stroke

Daňy / Sargy means bandage
7. Listen to the speaker and read along in your textbook. Use the answer key
to check the meaning of unknown words.
PLAY AUDIO
Bular bintler, (bandages can also be sargylar / rezin bag / daňy) hem lenta
leýkoplastyrlary. Bular saňa kesilen ýerleri hem ýaralary daňmaga / saramaga gerek
bolar. Bular size kesilen ýerleri hem ýaralary daňmaga / saramaga gerek bolar (plural,
formal). Olar sterilizatsiýa edilen / zyýansyzlandyrylan / arassalanan bolmalydyr.
Bular bintler, (bandages can also be sargylar / rezin bag / dangy) hem lenta
leykoplastyrlary. Bular sanga kesilen yerleri hem yaralary dangmaga / saramaga gerek
bolar. Bular size kesilen yerleri hem yaralary dangmaga / saramaga gerek bolar (plural,
formal). Olar sterilizatsiya edilen / zyyansyzlandyrylan / arassalanan bolmalydyr.
8. Familiarize yourself with some new medical terminology. Listen as the

speaker recites the names of internal organs. Repeat after the speaker.
1 2 3 4 5
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1. heart Yurek Ýürek
2. brain Beyni / Kelle beyni Beýni / Kelle beýni
3. lung Oyken Öýken
4. kidney Bowrek Böwrek
5. liver Bagyr Bagyr
9. Fill in the blanks, in Turkmen, with the appropriate name of the organ. Check
your answers with the answer key.
ýürek bagyr öýken böwrekler beýni / kelle

beýni
A. The human ____________ is in charge of all body system functions.
B. The _________ is a very important organ because it helps our body get rid of fat.
C. Exercise is very important for my ____________.
D. Smoking can cause ____________cancer.
E. Drinking a lot of water is necessary for the ___________ .
10. Listen to and read the dialogue between the doctor and a patient in a
military hospital emergency room.
In the Military Hospital Emergency Room
Doctor: Hello, Major Meredow.

Lukman: Salam Mayor Meredow.
Lukman: Salam Maýor Meredow.
Major: Good morning, Doctor Kerim.

Mayor: Ertiringiz hayir, Lukman Kerim.
Maýor: Ertiriňiz haýyr, Lukman Kerim. (plural, formal)
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Doctor: What happened to you? (What is happening to you?)
Sanga nyame bolyar?
Size nyame bolyar?
Saňa näme bolýar?
Size näme bolýar? (plural, formal)
Major: I don’t know. I didn’t feel well. I had chest pain, headache, and dizziness.
Mayor: Bilemok. Men ozumi gowy duymadym. Mening doshum / gursagym,
kellam agyrdy hem bashym / kellam aylandy.
Maýor: Bilemok. Men özümi gowy duýmaýaryn. Meniň döşüm / gursagym,
kelläm agyrdy hem başym / kelläm aýlandy.
Doctor: For how long did you have your symptoms?

Lukman: Sende nyache wagtdan bari sheyle alamatlar bar?
Sizde nyache wagtdan bari sheyle alamatlar bar?
Lukman: Sende näçe wagtdan bäri şeýle alamatlar bar?
Sizde näçe wagtdan bäri şeýle alamatlar bar? (plural, formal)
Major: For about 2 days.

Maýor: Iki yunden bari. / Iki yun duydim.
Maýor: Iki günden bäri. / Iki gün duýdym.
Doctor: Did you take any medications?

Lukman: Derman ichdingmi? / Derman atdyngmy?
Derman ichdingizmi? / Derman atdyngyzmy?
Lukman: Derman içdiňmi? / Derman atdyňmy?
Derman içdiňizmi? / Derman atdyňyzmy? (plural, formal)
Major: Yes, I took painkillers.

Mayor: Hawa, agyrym uchin dermanlary ichdim / atdym.
Maýor: Hawa, agyrym üçin dermanlary içdim / atdym.
Doctor: For how long?

Lukman: Nyache wagtlap?
Lukman: Näçe wagtlap?
Major: For about 2 days. What happened to me, doctor?

Mayor: Iki yunlyap … Manga nyame boldyka lukman?
Maýor: Iki günläp … Maňa näme boldyka lukman?
Doctor: Well, when you came into the ER, you couldn’t breathe. We had to do
CPR.
Lukman: Dushundum, sen tiz komek otagyna gelen wagtyng dem alyp
bilengokdyng. / Dushundum, siz tiz komek otagyna gelen wagtyngyz
dem alyp bilengizokdyngyz.
Biz Pnewmokardial Dem Berish usulyny etmeli bolduk.
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Lukman: Düşündüm, sen tiz kömek otagyna gelen wagtyň dem alyp
bileňokdyň. / Düşündüm, siz tiz kömek otagyna gelen wagtyňyz dem
alyp bileňizokdyňyz. (plural, formal)
Biz Pnewmokardial Dem Beriş usulyny etmeli bolduk.
You had abnormal blood pressure. It was 230 over 180. You had a heart attack.
Sening gan basyshyng gaty yokarydy. /
Sizing gan basyshyngyz gaty yokarydy. (plural, formal)
Ol 230 –180 aralykdady.
Sening yuregingden tutupdyr. /
Sizing yuregingizden tutupdyr.
Seniň gan basyşyň gaty ýokary ekeni. /
Siziň gan basyşyňyz gaty ýokary ekeni. (plural, formal)
Ol 230 –180 aralykdady.
Seniň ýüregiňden tutupdyr. /
Siziň ýüregiňizden tutupdyr. (plural, formal)
What symptoms do you have now?

Edil shu wagt sende nyahili duygular bar? / Edil shu wagt ozungi nyahili
duyyarsyng?
Edil shu wagt sizde nyahili duygular bar? / Edil shu wagt ozyungizi nyahili
duyyarsyngyz?
Edil şu wagt sende nähili duýgular bar? / Edil şu wagt özüňi nähili
duýarsyň?
Edil şu wagt sizde nähili duýgular bar? / Edil şu wagt özüňizi nähili
duýarsyňyz? (plural, formal)
Major: I feel weak.

Mayor: Men ozyyumi gowshak / ysgynsyz duyaryn.
Maýor: Men özümi gowşak / ysgynsyz duýaryn.
Doctor: Are you allergic to any medications?

Lukman: Sening dermanlara allergiyang barmy?
Sizing dermanlara allergiyangyz barmy?
Lukman: Seniň dermanlara allergiýaň barmy?
Siziň dermanlara allergiýaňyz barmy? (plural, formal)
Major: Yes, I’m allergic to penicillin.

Mayor: Hawa, mening penitseline allergiyam bar.
Maýor: Hawa, meniň penitseline allergiýam bar.
Doctor: Do you have any kidney, liver, lung, or brain diseases? Diabetes?
Cancer?
Lukman: Sende bowrek, bagyr, oyken ya –da beyni keselleri barmy? Sheker
keseli? Rak?
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Sizde bowrek, bagyr, oyken ya –da beyni keselleri barmy? Sheker keseli? Rak?
Lukman: Sende böwrek, bagyr, öýken ýa –da beýni keselleri barmy? Şeker
keseli? Rak?
Sizde böwrek, bagyr, öýken ýa –da beýni keselleri barmy? Şeker
keseli? Rak? (plural, formal)
Major: No, I don’t.

Mayor: Yok, mende yok.
Maýor: Ýok, mende ýok.
Doctor: Do you smoke?

Lukman: Sen chilim chekyarsingmi? /
Siz chilim chekyarsingizmi?
Lukman: Sen çilim çekýärsiňmi? /
Siz çilim çekýärsiňizmi? (plural, formal)
Major: No, I don’t.

Mayor: Yok, chekemok.
Maýor: Ýok, çekemok.
Doctor: Have any members of your family had heart disease or a heart attack?
Lukman: Sening mashgala agzalaryngyzda yurek keselleri bilen kesellyan ya-da
yureginden tutan barmydy / boldumy?
Sizing mashgala agzalaryngyzda yurek keselleri bilen kesellyan ya-da
yureginden tutan barmydy / boldumy?
Lukman: Seniň maşgala agzalaryňyzda ýürek keselleri bilen kesellän ýa-da
ýüreginden tutan barmydy / boldumy?
Siziň maşgala agzalaryňyzda ýürek keselleri bilen kesellän ýa-da
ýüreginden tutan barmydy / boldumy? (plural, formal)
Major: Yes, my father died three years ago from heart disease.
Mayor: Hawa, mening kakam uch yil mundan ong yurek keselinden ayryldy /
aradan chikdy.
Maýor: Hawa, meniň kakam üç ýyl mundan öň ýürek keselinden aýryldy
/aradan çykdy.
Doctor: Well, I think you must stay in the hospital and rest for a few days.
Lukman: Dushundum, onda mening pikirimche, sen keselhanada galmaly
bolarsyng hem birnache gun dynch almalysyng.
Lukman: Düşündüm, onda meniň pikirimçe, sen keselhanada galmaly
bolarsyň hem birnäçe gün dynç almalysyň.
Major: But I need to get back to my unit!

Mayor: Yone men harby bolume gitmeli.
Maýor: Ýöne men harby bölüme gitmeli.
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Doctor: No, you have to stay in the hospital, rest, and take aspirin.
Lukman: Yok, sen keselhanada galmaly, dynch almaly hem aspirin ichmeli /
atmaly.
Lukman: Ýok, sen keselhanada galmaly, dynç almaly hem aspirin içmeli /
atmaly.
11. Work with a partner, and role play the dialogue from Exercise 10, as the doctor
and patient.
12. Match the questions and answers. Check your work with the answer key.
A. 1.
Sen ozyungi nyahili duyyarsyng? Hawa, mening elimde ok yarasy bar.
Sen özüňi nähili duýarsyň? Hawa, meniň elimde ok ýarasy bar.
Siz özüňizi nähili duýarsyňyz? (plural,
formal)
B. 2.
Sanga nyame bolyar? Mening ozumi ysgynsyz duyyaryn hem
Size nyame bolyar? bashym / kellam aylanyar.
Saňa näme bolýar? Meniň özümi ysgynsyz duýaryn hem başym
Size näme bolýar? (plural, formal) / kelläm aýlanýar.
C. 3.
Sen ozungi nyahili duyyarsyng? Mening yaram ganayar.
Sen özüňi nähili duýarsyň? Meniň ýaram ganaýar.
Siz özüňizi nähili duýarsyňyz? (plural,
formal)
D. 4.
Bir yering agyryarmy? Mening ashgazanym agyryar.
Bir yeringiz agyryarmy?
Bir ýeriň agyrýarmy? Meniň aşgazanym agyrýar.
Bir ýeriňiz agyrýarmy? (plural, formal)
E. 5.
Niryangiz agyryar? / Haysy yeringiz Hawa, mening gursagym / doshum agyryar.
agyryar? Men dem alyp bilemok.
Niräňiz agyrýar? / Haýsy ýeriňiz Hawa, meniň gursagym / döşüm agyrýar.
agyrýar? Men dem alyp bilemok.
F. 6.
Sanga shikes yetdimi? Sen yaralanma Hawa, agyry ayiryan dermanlar.
duchar boldungmy? Sen
yaralandyngmy?
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Size shikes yetdimi? Siz yaralanma
duchar boldungyzmy? Siz
yaralandyngyzmy?
Saňa şikes ýetdimi? Sen ýaralanma Hawa, agyrym üçin dermanlar.
duçar bolduňmy? Sen ýaralandyňmy?
Size şikes ýetdimi? Siz ýaralanma
duçar bolduňyzmy? Siz
ýaralandyňyzmy? (plural, formal)
G. 7.
Sen derman ichyarsingmi? / Men hakykatdan ozumi gaty erbet duyyaryn.
atyarsyngmy?
Siz derman ichyarsingizmi? /
atyarsyngyzmy?
Sen derman içýärsiňmi? / Men hakykatdan özümi gaty erbet duýaryn.
atýarsyňyzmy?
Siz derman içýärsiňizmi? /
atýarsyňyzmy? (plural, formal)
13. What do you hear? Listen to the speaker and mark the statement that
you hear. Check your answers with the answer key.
1. A. What are your symptoms? I have a fever and a pain in my arm.

B. What are your symptoms? I have a fever and a pain in my leg.
C. What are your symptoms? I have a fever and a pain in my neck.
2. A. How do you feel? I don’t feel well. I have a chest pain.

B. How do you feel? I don’t feel well. I feel dizziness.
C. How do you feel? I don’t feel well. I can’t breathe.
3. A. Is there a doctor here? This man just had a heart attack.

B. Are you a doctor? This man just had a heart attack.
C. I am a doctor. This man just had a heart attack.
313
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Practice answering the following questions in Turkmen:
A. What is your normal pulse?

B. What is your normal blood pressure?
C. Are you allergic to any medications?
D. Have you ever had a head injury?
E. Have you ever had heat stroke?
2. Work with a partner or in a small group. Look at the picture and say in
Turkmen what you think has happened with a patient. You might want to mention
the following things: Is the patient a man or a woman? What is his/her age? Is
he/she a soldier? Is he/she wounded? Is he/she injured? Is he/she in pain? Is
he/she bleeding? Does he/she have a fever? Will he/she need to stay in the hospital?
Does he/she have high blood pressure? Does he/she have chest pain? Is he/she
having a heart attack? Can he/she breathe? Will he/she need CPR? Is he/she
allergic to the medications? Does he/she take any medications?
314
Vocabulary
Abnormal Agyryly Agyryly
Aspirin Aspirin Aspirin
Bandage Bint / Sarama / Rezin Bint / Sarama / Rezin
bag / Dangy bag / Daňy
Band-aid Lenta leykoplastyry Lenta leýkoplastyry
Bleeding Gan akma Gan akma
Brain Beyni Beýni
Breathing Dem alma Dem alma
Cancer Rak Rak
CPR Kardiopulmonal / Kardiopulmonal /
Pnewmokardial Dem Pnewmokardial Dem
Berish Beriş
Cut Kesik / Kesilme Kesik / Kesilme
Diabetes Sheker keseli Şeker keseli
Bandage Dangylma / Sargylama Daňylma / Sargylama
ER Tiz komek otagy Tiz kömek otagy
Gunshot wound Ok yarasy Ok ýarasy
Head injury Kelle yaralanmasy Kelle ýaralanmasy
Heart Yurek Ýürek
Heart attack Yurekden tutma Ýürekden tutma
Heart disease Yurek keseli Ýürek keseli
Heat stroke Gun urma Gün urma
High blood pressure Gan basysh yokary Gan basyş ýokary
1. I am allergic to…/ 1. Mening …/ 1. Meniň …/
dermanyna dermanyna
allergiyam bar allergiýam bar
2. Are you allergic to… 2. Sening…/dermanyna 2. Seniň…/dermanyna
allergiyang allergiýaň
barmy? barmy?
Sizing… / dermanyna Siziň…/ dermanyna

allergiyangyz barmy? allergiýaňyz barmy?
(plural, formal)
Injured Shikes yeten / Yaralanma Şikes ýeten / Ýaralanma
duchar bolan / Yaralanan duçar bolan / Ýaralanan
Injury Agyrtma / Yarlanma, Agyrtma / Ýarlanma,
Dowuk Döwük
Kidney Bowrek Böwrek
Liver Bagyr Bagyr
Lungs Oyken Öýken
Organs Organlar Organlar
Painkillers Agyry uchin dermanlar Agyry üçin dermanlar
Penicillin Penitselin Penitselin
Pulse Puls Puls
315
Sterile Sterilizatsiya edilen / Sterilizatsiýa edilen /
Zyyansyzlandyrylan / Zyýansyzlandyrylan /
Arassalanan Arassalanan
To die Olmek/ aradan chykmak Ölmek/ aradan çykmak
To stay Galmak Galmak
1. Wound/ 1. Yaralama / Yara salma 1. Ýaralama / Ýara
2. Wounded / Yara salma / Ýara
2. Yaralanan 2. Ýaralanan
316
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 2
A. 3 - Wounded leg
B. 4 - Injured neck
C. 1 and/or 2 - Wounded arm
D. 1 - Injured arm
Exercise 6
A. 3 - This soldier has an injured leg.

B. 2 - This man didn’t wear his hat. It was very hot today. Now he has heat stroke.
C. 1 - This man has a dressing on his wounded arm.
Exercise 7
These are bandages and band-aids. You need them to make a dressing for a cut or
wound. They have to be sterile.
Exercise 9
brain A. beýni / kelle

liver B. bagyr
heart C. ýürek
lung D. öýken
kidneys E. böwrekler
Exercise 12
A. How do you feel? 7. I feel really bad.

B. What is the matter with you? 3. My wound is bleeding.
C. What do you feel? 2. I feel weak and dizzy.
D. Are you in pain? 5. Yes, I have a chest pain. I can’t breath.
E. Where does it hurt? 4. My stomach hurts.
F. Are you injured? 1. Yes, I have a gunshot injury in my arm.
G. Are you taking any medication? 6. Yes, painkillers.
Exercise 13
1. C - What are your symptoms? I have a fever and pain in my neck.

2. A - How do you feel? I don’t feel well. I have chest pain.
3. B - Are you a doctor? This man just had a heart attack.
317
1. C.
Sende keseling nyahili alamatlary bar? Men gyzdyrýaryn hem boynumda agyry bar.
Sizde keseling nyahili alamatlary bar? Men gyzdyrýaryn hem boynumda agyry bar.
Sende keseliň nähili alamatlary bar? Men gyzdyrýaryn hem boýnumda agyry bar.
Sizde keseliň nähili alamatlary bar? Men gyzdyrýaryn hem boýnumda agyry bar. (plural,
formal)
2. A
Men ozumi gowy duyyamok. Mening doshum agyryar.
Sen özüňi nähili duýarsyň?
Siz özüňizi nähili duýarsyňyz? (plural, formal)
Men özümi gowy duýamok . Meniň döşüm agyrýar.
3. B.
Siz lukmanmy? Bu adamyng edil shu wagt yureginden tutdy.
Siz lukmanmy? (plural, formal) Bu adamyň edil şu wagt ýüreginden tutdy.
318

Turkmen 200 Hour Familiarization Course

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Turkmen 200 Hour

Developed for United States Special Operations Command

VALIDATION COPY 1.0 JUNE 2007

Developed for United States Special Operations Command

VALIDATION COPY 1.0 JUNE 2007

Turkmenistan (also known as Turkmenia or Turkmania) is a country in Central Asia.

Government type: presidential republic

Political parties and leaders:

Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or Formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial,

Turkmenistan's declaration of "permanent neutrality" was formally recognized by the

Turkmen lifestyle was heavily invested in horsemanship and as a prominent horse

The Spoken Language:

Classification and related languages:

Latin Cyrillic Phonetic

bilabial labio-dental dental alveolar post-alveolar palatal velar glottal

Front vowels Back vowels

Infinitive Forms of Verbs

People and Geography

This lesson will introduce you to:

Hello Salavmaleykim Salawmaleýkim

Good morning! Ertiring hayirli bolsun ! Ertiriň haýyrly bolsun !

Good afternoon! Gunugiz hayir ! / Salam Günüňiz haýyr ! / Salam

Good evening! Agshamyng hayirli bolsun ! Agşamyň haýyrly bolsun !

Good night! Gijang rahat bolsun ! Gijäň rahat bolsun !

I Men Men This pronoun “Ol”- can be

In the morning Irden Irden

During the day Gundiz Gündiz

Mergen: Good afternoon. Gunugiz hayir. / Salam Günüňiz haýyr. / Salam /

Serdar: How are you? Yagdaying nyahili ? Ýagdaýyň nähili ?

Men bar / Men bolýaryn (Men bar / Men bolyaryn) – I am

Biz bar / Biz bolýarys (Biz bar / Biz bolyarys) – We are

6. Listen to the following sentences and repeat after the speaker.

1. I am Turkmen. 1. Men Turkmen. 1. Men Türkmen.

Maksat bilen Selbi Turkmen. Olar Turkmenabatdan.

Siz nirä barýarsyňyz? (Siz nirya baryarsyngyz?) (plural, formal)

Where are you from? Sen nireden? Sen nireden?

1. A. I am from Ashgabat. 1. A. Men Ashgabatdan. 1. A. Men Aşgabatdan.

2. A. Gozel is from Mary. 2. A. Gozel Marydan. 2. A. Gözel Marydan.

3. A. I am from Dashoguz. 3. A. Men Dashoguzdan. 3. A. Men Daşoguzdan.

4. A. Myrat is from Ashgabat. 4. A. Myrat Ashgabatdan. 4. A. Myrat Aşgabatdan.

9. Role-play the dialogues above using the map of Turkmenistan.

Am I from Ashgabat. Yes, I am. No, I am not.

Is he from Gyzylarbat? Yes, he is. No, he is not.

Is she from Dashoguz? Yes, she is. No, she is not.

Is it from Turkmenistan? Yes, it is. No, it is not.

Are we from Nebitdag? Yes, we are. No, we are not.

1. A. Are you from Turkmenistan? 1. A. Sen Turkmenistandanmy?

B. Yes, I am. B. Hawa

2. A. Are you from Ashgabat? 2. A. Sen Ashgabatdanmy?

B. No, I am not. I am from Dashoguz. B. Yok. Men Dashoguzdan.

Ýok. Men Daşoguzdan.

3. A. Is Maksat from Turkmenabat? 3. A. Maksat Turkmenabatdanmy?

B. Yes, they are. B. Hawa.

Adyň näme? (informal)

My name is Merdan Mening adym Merdan My name is Dovran Mening adym

Mr. Jenap Mr. Merdan Azarov Jenap Merdan

What is her name? What is his name?

A. Good morning! A. Ertiring hayirli bolsun! A. Ertiriň haýyrly bolsun!

The verb “to live” can be changed according to person.

We live in Ashgabat. They live in Dashoguz.

1. Maksat Ashgabatda yashayar. 1. Maksat Aşgabatda ýaşaýar.

2. Sen Dashoguzda yashayarsinmy? 2. Sen Daşoguzda ýaşaýarsyňmy?

3. Jennet Maryda yashamayar. 3. Jennet Maryda ýaşamaýar.

4. Sen nirede yashayarsing? 4. Sen nirede ýaşaýarsyň?

2. Mening telefon nomerim / belgim 432 _01.

3. Mening telefon nomerim / belgim 89645 _.

4. Mening telefon nomerim / belgim 4 0692.

5. Mening telefon nomerim / belgim 978 645.