Schools Division of Iloilo P. D. Monfort National Science High School

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOILO
P. D. MONFORT NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
P. D. Monfort South, Dumangas, Iloilo
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Many people experienced stress. Some people have no
idea about the sources of stress and how it affects to their
life. Stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a
person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social
resources the individual is able to mobilize In the present
competitive age it is reported that young generation are
found to be more in stress that causes to be related in
depression, attempt to suicide and some psychological
symptoms among the youth. In general, there are two
categories of stress; eustress and distress. Eustress is a
positive stress that motivates an individual to continue to
work. This good stress encourages and facilitates learning
where an ideal level of stress can boost learning ability
(Yusoff,2010). On the other hand, distress is a negative
stress which occurs when the good stress becomes too much to
handle. The negative stress prevents and suppresses learning
and must be stopped and avoided.

Academic stress among students have long been
researched on, and researchers have identified stressors as
to many assignments, competition with other students,
failures, lack of pocket money (Fairbrother and
warn,2003),poor relationships with other students or
lectures , family or problems at home.(Dyson & Rank as cited
in Abdullah, 2010, p.378),stress could adversely affect both
mental and physical well-being of students, besides the
deterioration of their academic performance. Must of the
students undergo excessive assignments, time pressure,
personal problems, finance difficulties and relationship
with faculty which also causes (Ross, Nielding & Heckert as
cited in Oswalt & Riddock,2007). Some researchers stated
that females are more stressed and score higher in stress
inventory them male (Thawabich & Qaisy, 2012; Kumar &
Bhukar, 2013). Yet, other studies showed that male were more
stressful due to poor coping strategies
(Pariat,2014)According to Medical Encyclopedia( ) stress is
defined as a feeling of emotional or physical tension . It
can come from any event or thought that makes you feel
frustrated, angry, or nervous. Stress is your body's
reaction to a challenge or demand. In short bursts, stress

can be positive, such as when it helps you avoid danger or
meet a deadline. But when stress lasts for a long time, it
may harm your health.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the common sources and
stress level of Grade 10 students and its relationship to
their academic performance.
Specifically, it will seek answers to the following
questions:
1. What is the common sources of stress in Grade 10
students when group according to sex and section?
2. What is the level of stress of Grade 10 students
when grouped according to sex and section?
3. What is the level of academic performance of Grade
10 students when grouped according to sex and
section?
4. Is there a significant relationship between the
level of stress and academic performance of the
students when grouped according to sex and section?

Hypothesis
The following hypothesis was tested at .05 alpha:
There are no significant differences in the
environmental conservation practices of the students of P.
D. Monfort National Science High School when grouped as to
sex and grade level.
Theoretical Framework
This study was anchored to expectancy-value theory of
Martin Fishbein in 1970. This theory believes that behavior
is a function of the expectancies one has and the value of
the goal toward which one is working.
Expectancy-value theories hold that people are goal-
oriented beings. The behaviors they perform in response to
their beliefs and values are undertaken to achieve some end.
In this study, the students’ environmental conservation
practices were determined in order to know how they value
the environment. Their conservation practices also indicated
how well they understood concepts pertaining to conservation
of natural resources.
Conceptual Framework
This study was based on the concept that the ways by
which the senior high school students at P. D Monfort
National Science High School conserve the environment differ
based on their own sex and grade level.
The focus of this study is to answer whether there is a
significant difference in their environmental conservation
practices of the students.
Research Paradigm
The independent variables in this study were sex and
grade level while the environmental conservation practices
served as the dependent variables.
Independent Variables Dependent Variables
Sex Environmental
Grade level Conservation
Practices
Figure 1. Factors associated with the environmental
conservation practices by the senior high school students of
P. D. Monfort National Science High school.

Scope and Limitation of the Study
The purpose of this study was to determine the sources
of stress, the stress level and also to determine its
relationship to the academic performance of grade 10. This
study was conducted at P. D. Monfort National Science High
School.
The respondents of the study were categorize into sex
and section.
The sampling method used was the stratified random
sampling and a checklist questionnaire was the instrument
used in this s
Mean was used to determine the environmental
conservation practices of the respondents. t-test for
independent means was used for inferential analysis.
Significance of the Study
The result would be beneficial to the following:sA
Teachers. The result of this study would give the
teachers an idea about the sources of stress and stress

level and what is the relationship to the academic
performance of their students.
Parents. The result of this study will help the parents
in guiding their children about that problem. It will also
the parents to be aware on what is happening to their
children.
Students. This would enlighten the understanding of the
students about the sources of stress and stress level. It
can help them to make right perceptions and decisions in
their lives.
Researchers and Future Researchers. Researcher will
understand what would be the causes of stress and stress
level and what is the relationship to the academic
performance of the students. This study would great help
also to the future researchers because it will serve this as
a reference on a similar study in the future.
Definition of Terms
For the purpose of clarifications, the following terms
were hereby defined:

Students. According to Merriam Webster Dictionary
(2019) this term refers to a person who is learning a
subject or skill.
In this study, the term students refers to the grade 10
students who are enrolled at P.D. Monfort National Science
High School during School Year 2019-2020.
Stress Level. Is defined as a state of mental or
emotional strain caused by adverse circumstances. At one
point or another, most people deal with feelings of
stress(A.D.A.M, 2019)
In this study, the term “ Stress Level” refers to the
amount of stress experienced by the grade 10 students.
Academic Performance. Is measured by the final grade
earned in the course(Quora,2019)
In this study, the term “Academic Performance” refers
to the First Quarter Grade of Grade 10 students.
Sex. Sex refers to the biological differences between
male and female (medicalnewstoday.com)
In this study, the term “sex” refers to male and female
senior high school students who served as the respondents of
this study.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conservation Biology
The rapid decline of established biological systems
around the world means that conservation biology is often
referred to as a "Discipline with a Deadline". Conservation
biology is tied closely to ecology in researching the
dispersal, migration, demographics, effective population
size, inbreeding depression, and minimum population
viability of rare or endangered species.
To better understand the restoration ecology of native
plant and animal communities, the conservation biologist
closely studies both their polytypic and monotypic habitats
that were affected by a wide range of benign and hostile
factors. Conservation biology is concerned with phenomena
that affect the maintenance, loss, and restoration of
biodiversity and the science of sustaining evolutionary
processes that engendered genetic, population, species, and
ecosystem diversity. The concerned stems from estimates

suggesting that up to 50% of all species on the planet will
disappear within the next 50 years, which had contributed to
poverty, starvation, and will reset the course of evolution
on this planet.
Conservation biologists research and educate on the
trends and process of biodiversity loss, species
extinctions, and the negative effect these are having on our
capabilities to sustain the well-being of human society.
Conservation biologists work in the field and office, in
government, universities, non-profit organizations and
industry. They are funded to research, monitor, and catalog
every angle of the earth and its relation to society.
Those dedicated to the cause and profession advocate
for a global response to the current biodiversity crisis
based on morals, ethics, and scientific reason.
Organizations and citizens were responding to the
biodiversity crisis through conservation action plans that
direct research, monitoring, and education programs that
engage concerns at local through global scales
(en.wikiped.org/conservation biology).
Conservation Biology and Biodiversity
Human population growth and the corresponding increase
in human consumption rate were leading factors contributing
to biodiversity degradation and loss worldwide.
Conservation biology integrated diverse disciplines
within the natural and social sciences, with the goal of
preserving the world's biodiversity, or variety of life.
This chapter defined biodiversity and different metrics of
diversity, and summarized how biodiversity is distributed,
emphasizing important patterns both across space and
taxonomic groups. Next it described the major threats to
global biodiversity.
It examined how people assigned values to
biodiversity, with a focus on ecosystem services. Finally,
it highlighted future challenges of conservation biology to
protect biodiversity as well as human well-being. Making
conservation more relevant to policy makers and people in
general, required integrated research to understand the
provision of ecosystem services, their relationship to
biodiversity and the tradeoffs of resource use decisions.

Conservation biology is an interdisciplinary endeavor
that aimed to balance the natural resource used of a growing
human population while sustaining a functioning and diverse
biosphere for future generations.
Biodiversity is a hierarchical concept that includes
the diversity of alleles, genes, individuals, populations,
species, communities and ecosystems. Each level of
biodiversity served an important function, and human
activities can affect biodiversity at any level of
organization. Biodiversity is unevenly distributed, both
across spatial and temporal gradients and across taxa.
Human population growth and the corresponding increase
in human consumption rate are impacting land cover,
biogeochemical cycling, water quality and availability, and
other major features of the world that was contributing to
biodiversity degradation and loss.
Biodiversity has both intrinsic value and utilitarian
value; the latter was derived from the ecosystem services,
or the essential goods and services that ecosystems provide
to humanity, including food, medicine, building materials,
clean water and flood control(Copyright © 2000-2012 by John
Wiley & Sons Published online: December 2011).

Environmentally Sustainable Economic Development
Environmental sustainability had become increasingly
important as we witness more extreme weather changes, global
warming and environmental degradation. As the world
population grew, the need for more resources also increased.
In order to meet the increasing demand for these resources,
more industrial activities also grew around the world. These
increased industrial activities over the years did not
consider the resulting environmental degradation such as
water, air and land pollution.
The degradation was not considered along with the
intended industrial growth, economic activity ignored these
“costs”. Typically, the enterprises that produced these
negative effects on the environment were not held
accountable for them. They externalized these costs and the
society suffered. Many ecosystems have been adversely
affected to the point where they can no longer withstand or
recover from natural disasters resulting from human
activities and such disasters include global warming,

flooding and extreme weather
conditions(yahoo.comhttp:repository.upenn.edu/article).
Environmental Problems of the World
There were so many problems that faced the world today.
Many of these problems were attributed however to the
environment. Environment is defined as the surrounding that
has an influence either externally or internally on the
organism. An organism therefore can therefore be affected
positively or negatively by the environmental situation.
Scientists argue that as globalization continues and the
local problems are transformed into issues which affect the
international world, there are very slim chances that a
society will not be affected.
Indeed it is only a few societies that were untouched
by the major environmental problems. One of the main
environmental problems that is evident in today’s world is
pollution. There were several forms of pollution that occur
in the environmental and therefore they pose a very big
threat to the existence of the organisms. One form of
pollution is air pollution. Air pollution includes all
contaminants that were found in the atmosphere and can

either be in form of particles or gases. These substances
were considered harmful to an organism because they can
cause poisoning or even kill. Sources of air pollution can
be human based or natural.
In today’s world however, human beings have dominated
in producing increasing amounts of pollution since they
accounted for the majority of the pollutants that are
released into the air. In addition to the problem of air
pollution, another environmental problem facing the world
today was the damping of wastes in the environment.
Human beings often damped wastes which are very
dangerous and hazardous to the organisms. Due the continued
growth of industries the levels of dangerous wastes
continued to grow.
Many people are not able to prevent the creation of
hazardous wastes due to the unawareness of this major
environmental problem. Damping of wastes simply starts when
n individual threw out goods without realizing that they can
be harmful to the environment.
The positions of the wastes do not matter but the
underlying fact is that the waste will reach the ground at
some day and therefore caused harm organism. Apart from the
above problems, the environment today is facing very serious
problem in the destruction of the rainforests.
As compared to other problems in the environment
however, this issue had been in the media attention and
public attention. Despite the many outcries of cutting down
of trees, the problem still persists.
Global warming also referred to as the greenhouse
effect is another environmental problem that is facing the
world. This issue had received international attention in
today’s world. Several bodies like the government, the
scientists and the environmentalist took a lot of concern
about the issue because its one of the biggest threats of
human beings and organisms. Global warming occurred when the
gases get together above the earth surface and make the
earth to be like the greenhouse.
These gases further trap heat near the surface of the
earth thereby threatening the environment. Global warming
today is occurring at such a fast rate that is so dangerous
because there is a prediction that in the near future the
temperatures might rise to higher degrees which may pose a
greater problem in the environment (www.shvoong.com/exact-
sciences/environmental-problems-world).
Environmental Management: A Challenge
Environmental Management offered research and opinions
on use and conservation of natural resources, protection of
habitats and control of hazards, spanning the field of
applied ecology without regard to traditional disciplinary
boundaries. The journal aimed to improved communication,
making ideas and results from any field available to
practitioners from other backgrounds.
Contributions were drawn from biology, botany,
climatology, ecology, ecological economics, environmental
engineering, fisheries, environmental law, forest sciences,
geology, information science, public affairs, zoology and
more.As the principal user of nature, humanity is
responsible for ensuring that its environmental impacts were
benign rather than catastrophic. Environmental Management
presents the work of academic researchers and professionals
outside universities, including those in business,
government, research establishments, and public interest
groups, presenting a wide spectrum of viewpoints and

approaches (www.springer.com/environment/environmental
management).
Threats to biodiversity
In part because the value of biodiversity and the
resulting ecosystem services are poorly understood by a
lot of people, nature's “cogs and wheels” are going
missing at an alarming rate — on the order of 100 to 1000
times the background rate, estimated from fossil records
to be from one to ten species/year (Pimm, et al., 1995 and
others). Some estimated of current rates are much higher.
There had been five mass extinctions in the past 500
million years, the most recent about 65 million years
ago (Raup and Sepkoski, 1982).
We appear to be in the sixth, with the major
difference being that for this one, the cause appears to
be not a major physical catastrophe such as severe
volcanism or a meteor strike, but a single species: us.
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) reports that
there has been a substantial and largely irreversible loss
in the earth's biodiversity, with some 10-30% of mammal,

bird and amphibian species currently threatened with
extinction, and 15 of 24 ecosystem services being
degraded. Fortunately, it comes at a time when the earth
probably contains more species than ever before (Rhode and
Muller, 2005), and there's some redundancy built into the
system. We can lose some species — some — before things
start to really unravel (www.mnr.gov).
Sustaining biodiversity
With intensifying demands for food and biofuels, a
critical threat to biodiversity was agricultural expansion
into native tropical ecosystems. Tropical agriculture,
particularly intensive agriculture, often supported few
native organisms, and consequently has been largely
overlooked in conservation planning; yet, recent work in the
Neotropics demonstrated that tropical agriculture with
certain features can support significant biodiversity,
decades after conversion to farmland.
It remained unknown whether this conservation value can
be sustained for centuries to millennia. Here, we quantify
the bird diversity affiliated with agricultural systems in
southwest India, a region continuously cultivated for >2,000

years. We show that arecanut palm (Areca catechu) production
systems retain 90% of the bird species associated with
regional native forest. Two factors promoted this high
conservation value. First, the system involved intercropping
with multiple, usually woody, understory species and, thus,
had high vertical structural complexity that is positively
correlated with bird species richness. Second, the system
encompassed nearby forests, where large quantities of leaf
litter are extracted for mulch. The preservation of these
forests on productive land traces back to their value in
supplying inputs to arecanut cultivation. The long-term
biodiversity value of an agricultural ecosystem had not been
documented in South and Southeast Asia.
Our findings opened a new conservation opportunity for
this imperiled region that may well extend to other crops.
Some of these working lands may be able to sustain native
species over long-time scales, indicating that conservation
investments in agriculture today could pay off for people
and for nature. (http://www.pnas.org)
Biodiversity Loss Threatens Human Well-Being

The diversity of life on Earth is dramatically affected
by human alterations of ecosystems. Compelling evidence now
showed that the reverse is also true: biodiversity in the
broad sense affects the properties of ecosystems and,
therefore, the benefits that humans obtain from them. In
this article, we provide a synthesis of the most crucial
messages emerging from the latest scientific literature and
international assessments of the role of biodiversity in
ecosystem services and human well-being.
Human societies have been built on biodiversity. Many
activities indispensable for human subsistence lead to
biodiversity loss, and this trend is likely to continue in
the future. We clearly benefit from the diversity of
organisms that we had learned to use for medicines, food,
fibers, and other renewable resources.
In addition, biodiversity had always been an integral
part of the human experience, and there were many moral
reasons to preserve it for its own sake. What has been less
recognized is that biodiversity also influenced human well-
being, including the access to water and basic materials for
a satisfactory life, and security in the face of
environmental change, through its effects on the ecosystem

processes that lie at the core of the Earth's most vital
life support systems (www.plosbiology.org).
Three Levels of Biodiversity
Genetic Diversity
Genetic diversity is the variation of heritable
characteristics present in a population of the same species.
It served an important role in evolution by allowing a
species to adapt to a new environment and to fight off
parasites. It is applicable to domesticated species, which
typically have low levels of genetic diversity.
Studying genetic diversity in humans can help
researchers form theories on human origins. Living things
contained in their cells the basic instructions, or
blueprints, for their own development. Many of these
instructions, which were called genes, result in physical
characteristics that affected the way organisms interacted
with their environment.
Variations in such characteristics within the same
species give rise to genetic diversity. For a species to
adapt to an ever-changing ecosystem, a significant level of

variation must be present. Those individuals that possess
favorable characteristics will go on to reproduce, while
those that don’t do not tend to pass on their
characteristics to many offspring (www.wisegeek.com/what-is-
genetic-diversity).
Species Diversity
Species diversity is the number of species presented in
an area or sample, together with the characteristics of
their relative abundance distribution, especially its
evenness. Species diversity is only one dimension of
biodiversity, but because species were fundamental units of
ecology and evolution, and because most diversity data
consist of species presence/absence, species diversity is
often central to assessing and conserving biodiversity.
After noting major conceptual and practical issues with
species diversity and species richness, we discussed how
best to estimate them from samples both for estimating total
species number and for comparing diversity across samples
and areas. Despite errors associated with extrapolation,
recent research has demonstrated that in many cases, given
adequate sampling, both nonparametric and parametric methods

can estimated total species richness and effectively
standardize across samples. Much research has focused on
developing and interpreting compound diversity measures that
incorporated patterns of both richness and abundance, some
with weightings for additional factors such as rarity,
phylogenetic distinctness, and ecological function
(onlinelibrary.wiley.com).
Ecosystem diversity
This definition is one of four of the components that
are described as making up marine biodiversity. Ecosystem
diversity is a term that incorporated both habitat and
community diversity. A habitat is the environment in which
an organism or species lives and included the physical
characteristics (e.g. climate or the availability of
suitable food and shelter) that made it especially well
suited to meet the life cycle needs of that species. A
community consisted of the assemblage of populations of
plants and animals that occupied an area and their
interactions with each other and their environment.
An ecosystem is a unique combination of plant, animal
and microorganism communities and their non-living physical

characteristics interacting as a functional unit. Inherent
in ecosystem diversity are thus both biotic (living) and
abiotic (non-living) components, which makes it different
from both genetic and species diversity
(www.marbef.org/wiki/Ecosystem_diversity).
Related Studies
Local Studies
Casantosan (2012) made a study on “Solid waste
management practices of the residents of Barangay
Cansilalayan, Dumangas, Iloilo”. The results revealed that
when taken as a whole the respondents was seldom practiced
solid waste management.
The results further reveled that when as to educational
attainment, the respondents with college education sometimes
practiced solid waste management while with high school and
elementary education seldom practiced them.
When the respondents were grouped as to types of
environment, all the respondents living in all types of
environment: barangay proper, forested area, palayan area
has the same level of practices which is seldom practiced.
There is no significant difference in the solid waste

management of the respondents whent hey were grouped as to
types of environment.
Andaya (2008) made a study on environmental science
that involves waste management. The findings of the study
revealed that air, water pollution as well as the garbage
problem is prevalent among the less developed countries.
Corteza (2002) has likewise made a study on
“Environmental Sanitation: Awareness and Practices among the
mothers of Barangay Tap-oc, Molo Iloilo City” the findings
of the study revealed that the participants have high level
of practices towards environmental sanitation. The study
revealed further that there was a significant difference
when mothers are classified according to monthly income.
There was also a positive and significant correlation
between the environmental sanitation practices of the
mothers.
Gasapo (2000) conducted a study on environmental
awareness of the people of Estancia, Iloilo. The findings of
the study were: the residents of Estancia were not informed
of environmental policies implement by the local government
unit, whether the residents taken as a whole or classified
as to identify variables. The residents of Estancia were

fairly aware. The study also revealed that there is no
significant difference in the level of awareness of the
residents whether taken as a whole or classified as to age,
gender, and educational attainment.
The above mentioned studies were similar with the
investigation in studying about the conservation of the
environment.
Foreign Studies
Judith D. Schwartz (2013), author of “Cows Save the
Planet” (Chelsea Green), Studied along with local community
activists Phyllis Webb and Billie Best, in a panel
discussion on using narrative to articulate approaches to
environmental and economic renewal.The event is part of the
third annual Berkshire Festival of Women Writers, a month-
long celebration of women’s contributions to the literary
arts.
“Climate change is all about CO2.” “Economic growth is
imperative.” “Cattle are bad for the environment.” These may
sound like statements of fact, but they are not true. They
are simply the stories we use to make sense of environmental
and economic reality. In her upcoming book “Cows Save the

Planet And Other Improbable Ways of Restoring Soil to Heal
the Earth” (Chelsea Green Publishing, May 2013), journalist
Judith D. Schwartz researches many of these commonly-
accepted narratives and finds that accepting such stories
without question actually interferes with our ability to
confront challenges and make changes in our relationship to
our environment. It is when we push past the accepted
explanations that we can find potential solutions.
(www.scientificamerican.com)
Dr. Jane Goodall (2010) studied about the conservation
raising awareness about the dire situation facing the
natural world — and many of its species. Her mission
includes programs for communities in Africa to protect
forests, create sustainable livelihoods and support health
and education. The Jane Goodall Institute runs a global
program to create a new generation of conservationists
called Roots & Shoots. Jane Goodall began her landmark study
of chimpanzees in Tanzania in June 1960, under the
mentorship of anthropologist and paleontologist Dr. Louis
Leakey. Her work at what was then called the Gombe Stream
Chimpanzee Reserve would become the foundation of

primatological research and redefine the relationship
between humans and animals.
One of Jane's most significant discoveries came in her
first year at Gombe, when she saw chimps stripping leaves
off stems to make the stems useful for fishing termites out
of nearby mounds. This and subsequent observations of Gombe
chimps making and using tools would force science to rethink
the definition that separated man from other animals: "man
the toolmaker." Jane also observed chimps hunting and eating
bushpigs and other animals, disproving the widely held
belief that chimpanzees were primarily vegetarians.
Dr. Goodall defied scientific convention by giving the
chimpanzees names instead of numbers and insisted on the
validity of her observations that the chimps had distinct
personalities, minds and emotions. She wrote of lasting
chimpanzee family bonds. Through the years her work yielded
surprising insights such as the discovery that chimps engage
in a primitive kind of warfare ( www.janegoodall.org).
Newmark (2006) study how rainforest fragmentation
affects forest bird populations at the Usambara Mountains in
Tanzania. Also study the understory bird community structure
and composition, slightly disturbed, and moderately

disturbed forests in Usambara Tanzania. Comparisons was
conducted at two spatiotemporal scales: short term,
conducted in 1999 and 2000, in which treatments( disturbance
level) were replicated and long term, conducted from 1989-
2004 along the same disturbance gradient of subset of the
short term sites.
Environmental Governance of Manchester (2013) Studied
on the degree that students develop a wide range of both
generic and subject-specific skills. Though the core
teaching staff belongs to the Geography discipline in the
School of Environment and Development, the degree draws upon
the expertise of the Society-Environment Research Group
(SERG). This group involves over 10 researchers from SED and
the School of Social Science.These researchers have
distinguished records of theoretical, empirical and applied
research in a range of geographical and environmental
settings. These included work on mining in the south Pacific
and French Guyana, on land rights in southern Africa, on
bioprospecting in Central America, on conservation projects
in central Africa, on GMOs in Britain, and on water
management in Ecuador and Spain - to name but a few
(www.sed.manchester.ac.uk).
Prene(2009, made also study sustainability in supply
chains were considered complex, subjective and difficult to
manage. Pre translation this complexity into pragmatic, yet
scientifically valid answers. The findings of the study
supported tools constancy based on the proven concepts of
life cycle assessment (LCA) (conservation-biology.com).
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Chapter III consists of eight parts: Research Design,
Locale of the Study, Respondents of the Study, Sample Size,
Sampling Techniques, Research Instrument, Data Gathering
Procedure and Data Analysis.
Research Design
The main purpose of this study was to determine the
environmental conservation practices of the senior high
school students at P. D. Monfort National Science High
School for the School Year 2018-2019.
The descriptive method of research was used in this
study. It was used to describe the environmental
conservation practices of senior high school students when
they were grouped according to sex and grade level.
The variables considered were the sex and grade level
as the independent variables and the environmental
conservation practices as the dependent variable.
Locale of the Study

This study was conducted at P. D. Monfort National
Science High School. This public Secondary School is
situated at P. D. Monfort South, Dumangas, Iloilo.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were the 153 senior high
school students at P. D. Monfort National Science High
School, wherein, there were 153 or 100.00% respondents as an
entire group. When grouped as to sex, 70 or 46% were male
and 83 or 54% were female. When grouped as to grade level,
90 or 59% were Grade 11, and 63 or 41% were Grade 12.
Table 1 presents the data.
Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents
Category f %
Entire Group 153 100%
A. Gender
Male 70 46%
Female 83 54%
B. Grade Level
Grade 11 90 59%
Grade 12 63 41%
Sample Size
The samples were the one hundred fifty three (153)
senior high school students derived from the total
population of two hundred forty seven (247) students using
the Slovin’s formula.
Slovin’s Formula
Where;
n= sample size
N= total population
e= margin of error
1= constant
Given:
n= ?
N= 108
e= 5％ or 0.05
1= constant
Sampling Techniques
The simple random samplings were used in this study.
The stratified samples were obtained by dividing the
population into groups and then samples were selected from
each group using the lottery method.
Research Instrument
A checklist questionnaire that was adapted to Anggoy
(2011), used in collecting the data needed. The instrument
was divided into two parts. Part one, the personal data
sheet which collected information regarding to the
respondents name, sex and grade level. Part Two,
Questionnaire Proper, consists of environmental conservation
practices statements.
It required the respondents to check the column that
corresponds to their environmental conservation practices
respectively.
For computation purposes, each response was given an
equivalent point as follows:
Point Response
5 Always
4 Almost always
3 Occasionally
2 Sometimes
1 Never
Validity of the Instrument
The questionnaire was validated by panel of three
jurors chosen according to their advanced knowledge in
research, and was adapted from Anggoy (2011). It was
validated based on clarity, relevance and adequacy of the
questions on the topics of the study.
Data Gathering Procedure

Permission to conduct study in July to August, 2018 was
sought from the school Principal of P. D. Monfort National
Science High School.
The stratified random sampling was employed in the
selection of the final respondents of the study. One hundred
fifty three were randomly drawn and the names of the
students were included in the final form of the
questionnaire. The researcher personally distributed the
produced questionnaires to the respondents and likewise
managed their administration.
The researcher provided orientation and direction to
the respondents in answering the questionnaire-checklist.
The respondents were given enough time to answer the
instrument. Upon retrieval of the accomplished
questionnaires, the data were tallied, computed, analyzed,
and interpreted.
Data Analysis
The data gathered for this study were subjected to the
following statistical treatments:

Mean Rank. The obtained mean scores were used to
determine the environmental conservation practices of
students at P. D. Monfort National Science High School.
T-test. To determine the significance differences in
the two-level categories of variables, the t-test set at .05
alpha level was used.
Computer Process Data was used to analyze the data.

Schools Division of Iloilo P. D. Monfort National Science High School

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Republic of the Philippines

Background of the Study

Many people experienced stress. Some people have no

idea about the sources of stress and how it affects to their

life. Stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a

person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social

resources the individual is able to mobilize In the present

competitive age it is reported that young generation are

found to be more in stress that causes to be related in

depression, attempt to suicide and some psychological

symptoms among the youth. In general, there are two

categories of stress; eustress and distress. Eustress is a

positive stress that motivates an individual to continue to

work. This good stress encourages and facilitates learning

where an ideal level of stress can boost learning ability

(Yusoff,2010). On the other hand, distress is a negative

handle. The negative stress prevents and suppresses learning

and must be stopped and avoided.

Academic stress among students have long been

researched on, and researchers have identified stressors as

to many assignments, competition with other students,

failures, lack of pocket money (Fairbrother and

warn,2003),poor relationships with other students or

lectures , family or problems at home.(Dyson & Rank as cited

in Abdullah, 2010, p.378),stress could adversely affect both

mental and physical well-being of students, besides the

deterioration of their academic performance. Must of the

students undergo excessive assignments, time pressure,

personal problems, finance difficulties and relationship

with faculty which also causes (Ross, Nielding & Heckert as

cited in Oswalt & Riddock,2007). Some researchers stated

that females are more stressed and score higher in stress

inventory them male (Thawabich & Qaisy, 2012; Kumar &

stressful due to poor coping strategies

(Pariat,2014)According to Medical Encyclopedia( ) stress is

defined as a feeling of emotional or physical tension . It

frustrated, angry, or nervous. Stress is your body's

reaction to a challenge or demand. In short bursts, stress

can be positive, such as when it helps you avoid danger or

meet a deadline. But when stress lasts for a long time, it

may harm your health.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the common sources and

stress level of Grade 10 students and its relationship to

their academic performance.

Specifically, it will seek answers to the following

1. What is the common sources of stress in Grade 10

students when group according to sex and section?

2. What is the level of stress of Grade 10 students

when grouped according to sex and section?

3. What is the level of academic performance of Grade

10 students when grouped according to sex and

4. Is there a significant relationship between the

level of stress and academic performance of the

students when grouped according to sex and section?

The following hypothesis was tested at .05 alpha:

There are no significant differences in the

environmental conservation practices of the students of P.

D. Monfort National Science High School when grouped as to

sex and grade level.

This study was anchored to expectancy-value theory of

Martin Fishbein in 1970. This theory believes that behavior

is a function of the expectancies one has and the value of