ASSIGMENT 1

TEACHER : NIHTA V. F. LIANDO, MA., Ph.D

STUDENT : ALEX C. ANDARIA

NPM : 19813001
COURSES : ENGLISH

1. Artificial intelligence
Source 1 : https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/doc/2017/artificial-
intelligence-and-machine-learning-policy-
paper/?gclid=CjwKCAjwlovtBRBrEiwAG3XJ-
2tNir1yptFSCxsHZ51oZuXDW1yY4qWUU47RVXd6JwBjzTQGwYgoAx
oCqMcQAvD_BwE
Artificial intelligence is a technology that is already impacting how users interact with,
and are affected by the Internet. In the near future, its impact is likely to only continue
to grow.

Kecerdasan buatan adalah teknologi yang telah memengaruhi cara pengguna

berinteraksi, dan dipengaruhi oleh Internet. Dalam waktu dekat, dampaknya
kemungkinan hanya akan terus tumbuh.

Source 2 : https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/artificial%20intelligence
1. a branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent behavior in
computers
2. the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior

Source 3 : https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI), the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot
to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The term is frequently
applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the intellectual processes
characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize,
or learn from past experience.

CONCLUSION
“Artificial intelligence is the ability of digital computers or robots or machines
controlled by computers, to perform tasks that are generally to mimic human
intelligence behavior, and are influenced by the Internet, such as the ability to
think, find meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience”.

2. Automation
Source 1 : https://www.techopedia.com/definition/32099/automation
Automation is the creation of technology and its application in order to control and
monitor the production and delivery of various goods and services. It performs tasks
that were previously performed by humans. Automation is being used in a number of
areas such as manufacturing, transport, utilities, defense, facilities, operations and
lately, information technology.

ENGLISH COURSES - TEACHER : NIHTA V. F. LIANDO, MA., Ph.D 1

Source 2 : https://www.isa.org/about-isa/what-is-automation/
automation as "the creation and application of technology to monitor and control the
production and delivery of products and services.”

Source 3 : https://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/automation.html
Automation is the art of making processes or machines self-acting or self-moving.
Automation also means the technique of making a device, machine, process, or
procedure more fully automatic.

CONCLUSION
“Automation is the creation and application of technology to control and monitor
the production and delivery of products and services, also called the art of
making devices, processes, machines, procedures, acting on their own or
moving on their own, and performing tasks that were previously performed by
humans, in a number of fields such as manufacturing, transportation, utilities,
defense, facilities, operations and, lately, information technology”.

3. Algorithm
Source 1 : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm
Algorithm a sequence of instructions, typically to solve a class of problems or perform
a computation. Algorithms are unambiguous specifications for performing calculation,
data processing, automated reasoning, and other tasks.

Source 2 : https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/algorithm
An algorithm (pronounced AL-go-rith-um) is a procedure or formula for solving a
problem, based on conducting a sequence of specified actions.

Source 3 : https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z3tbwmn/articles/z3whpv4
An algorithm is a list of rules to follow in order to solve a problem.

CONCLUSION
“The algorithm (pronounced AL-go-rith-um) is a list of procedures, formulas,
sequence of instructions, to solve problems or carry out calculations, data
processing, automatic reasoning, and other tasks, based on a series of specific
actions”.

4. LiFi (Light Fidelity)

Source 1 : https://purelifi.com/lifi-technology/
LiFi is a wireless technology holds the key to solving challenges faced by 5G. LiFi can
transmit at multiple gigabits, is more reliable, virtually interference free and uniquely
more secure than radio technology such as Wi-Fi or cellular.

Source 2 : https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/LiFi
LiFi is a wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
for data transmission.

Source 3 : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-Fi
Li-Fi (short for light fidelity) is wireless communication technology, which utilizes light
to transmit data and position between devices.

ENGLISH COURSES - TEACHER : NIHTA V. F. LIANDO, MA., Ph.D 2

CONCLUSION
“LiFi (short for light fidelity) is a wireless optical network communication
technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (utilizing light) to transmit
data and position between devices, and holds the key to solving challenges
faced by 5G. LiFi can transmit data in gigabit sizes, and is more reliable, almost
free of distractions and is uniquely safer than radio technologies such as Wi-Fi
or cellular”.

5. Fifth Generation (5G)

Source 1 : https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/5G
Fifth-generation wireless (5G) is the latest iteration of cellular technology, engineered
to greatly increase the speed and responsiveness of wireless networks.

Source 2 : https://www.qualcomm.com/invention/5g/what-is-5g
5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It will take a much larger role than previous
generations.
5G will elevate the mobile network to not only interconnect people, but also
interconnect and control machines, objects, and devices.

Source 3 : https://www.sdxcentral.com/5g/
5G is the next step beyond 4G and LTE mobile networks, with faster speeds, more
bandwidth, and a wider range than previous networks. It’s a developing technology,
with several major mobile network carriers researching and improving the network as
it evolves.

CONCLUSION
“The Fifth Generation ( 5Th generation) is the latest iteration of cellular network
technology, which is designed to increase the speed and responsiveness of
wireless networks, greater bandwidth, and wider coverage than previous
networks (4G and LTE), not only to connect people, but also connect and
controlling machines, objects, and devices.”

6. Progressive Web Applications (PWAs)

Source 1 : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_web_applications
Progressive web applications (PWAs) are a type of application software delivered
through the web, built using common web technologies including HTML, CSS and
JavaScript

Source 2 : https://www.quora.com/What-are-progressive-web-applications-PWAs
A Progressive Web App uses modern web capabilities to deliver an app-like user
experience.

Source 3 : https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/codelabs/your-first-
pwapp
Progressive Web Apps provide an installable, app-like experience on desktop and
mobile that are built and delivered directly via the web. They're web apps that are fast
and reliable.

ENGLISH COURSES - TEACHER : NIHTA V. F. LIANDO, MA., Ph.D 3

CONCLUSION
“Progressive web applications (PWA) are types of application software that use
modern web capabilities to deliver a user experience that is similar to
applications, built using common web technologies including HTML, CSS and
JavaScript, which can be installed and like applications on desktop and mobile”

7. IoT (internet of Things)

Source 1 : https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/Internet-of-
Things-IoT
The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical
and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique
identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring
human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.

Source 2 : https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/doc/2015/iot-
overview?gclid=CjwKCAjwlovtBRBrEiwAG3XJ-
57hwrbiQymi7W1C5YQMvjPAArs5kmlAnkAdZ2VHR0LCrq-
bg2g6RhoCtSgQAvD_BwE
Address of this pdf : https://www.internetsociety.org/wp-
content/uploads/2017/08/ISOC-IoT-Overview-20151221-en.pdf
The Internet of Things is an emerging topic of technical, social, and economic
significance.
Consumer products, durable goods, cars and trucks, industrial and utility components,
sensors, and other everyday objects are being combined with Internet connectivity and
powerful data analytic capabilities that promise to transform the way we work, live, and
play.

Source 3 : https://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2014/05/13/simple-
explanation-internet-things-that-anyone-can-understand/#7214a4c21d09

this is the concept of basically connecting any device with an on and off switch to the
Internet (and/or to each other). This includes everything from cellphones, coffee
makers, washing machines, headphones, lamps, wearable devices and almost
anything else you can think of.

CONCLUSION
“IoT (Internet of Things) is a system of interconnected computing devices,
mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people equipped with
unique identifiers (UID) and the ability to transfer data through networks without
requiring human-human, human-computer interaction , also defined as the
concept of connecting any device with life and death switches to the Internet
(and / or each other), IoT is a topic that arises from technical, social, and
economic significance, such as consumer products, durable goods, cars and
trucks , industrial and utility components, sensors, cellphones, coffee makers,
washing machines, headphones, lights and other everyday devices combined
with Internet connectivity and powerful data analytical capabilities that promise
to change the way we work, live and play”.

ENGLISH COURSES - TEACHER : NIHTA V. F. LIANDO, MA., Ph.D 4

 8. Microcontroller
Source 1 : https://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2014/05/13/simple-
explanation-internet-things-that-anyone-can-understand/#7214a4c21d09
A microcontroller is an integrated circuit (IC) device used for controlling other portions
of an electronic system, usually via a microprocessor unit (MPU), memory, and some
peripherals. These devices are optimized for embedded applications that require both
processing functionality and agile, responsive interaction with digital, analog, or
electromechanical components.

Source 2 : https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/microcontroller.html
Microcontroller is a highly integrated chip that contains all the components comprising
a controller. Typically this includes a CPU, RAM, some form of ROM, I/Oports, and
timers.

Source 3 : https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/microcontroller1.htm
Microcontrollers are "embedded" inside some other device (often a consumer product)
so that they can control the features or actions of the product. Another name for a
microcontroller, therefore, is "embedded controller."

CONCLUSION
“Microcontrollers are integrated circuit devices (ICs or chips) that are embedded
in several devices (often consumer products), so they can control product
features or actions that are used to control other parts of an electronic system,
with processing functionality, responsive interaction with digital components ,
analog or electromechanical (called "embedded controller"), which contains all
the components of the controller. Usually this includes CPU, RAM, some forms
of ROM, I / O'Ports, and timers”.

9. SmartHome
Source 1 : https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/microcontroller.html
A smart home is a convenient home setup where appliances and devices can be
automatically controlled remotely from any internet-connected place in the world using
a mobile or other networked device.

Source 2 : https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/smart-home-or-
building
A smart home is a residence that uses internet-connected devices to enable the remote
monitoring and management of appliances and systems, such as lighting and heating.

Source 3 : https://www.howtogeek.com/405693/what-is-a-smarthome/
A smarthome is probably best defined as a living area with connected technology
meant to enhance the home. This could include smart thermostats, smart lights, smart
plugs or outlets, smart doorbells, and locks, or voice assistants like Google Assistant
and Alexa.

ENGLISH COURSES - TEACHER : NIHTA V. F. LIANDO, MA., Ph.D 5

CONCLUSION
“Smart home is a comfortable home arrangement with devices connected to the
internet, management of equipment and systems can be automatically
controlled and monitored remotely using a cellphone or other network devices,
such as smart thermostats, smart lights, smart plugs or outlets, doorbells smart,
and key, or voice assistants like Google Assistant and Alexa”.

10. Open Source Software (OSS)

Source 1 : https://www.linuxfoundation.org/blog/2017/02/what-is-open-source-
software/
OSS is :
a. Available in source code form
b. Can be modified and redistributed without additional permission
c. The most widely accepted definition can be found at
https://opensource.org/definition.

Source 2 : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software
is a type of computer software in which source code is released under a license in
which the copyright holder grants users the rights to study, change, and distribute the
software to anyone and for any purpose.[1] Open-source software may be developed
in a collaborative public manner. Open-source software is a prominent example of
open collaboration.[2]

Source 3 : https://www.thebalancecareers.com/what-is-open-source-software-
2071941
is any computer software that's distributed with its source code available for
modification. That means it usually includes a license for programmers to change the
software in any way they choose: They can fix bugs, improve functions, or adapt the
software to suit their own needs.

CONCLUSION
“Open Source Software (OSS) is a type of computer software where the source
code is released where the copyright holder gives the user the right (license for
the programmer) to study, change / modify, and distribute the software to
anyone and for any purpose, without additional permission, so that the
programmer can fix bugs, improve functions, or adjust software according to
their own needs Open-source software can be developed publicly
collaboratively. Open source software is a prime example of open
collaboration”.

ENGLISH COURSES - TEACHER : NIHTA V. F. LIANDO, MA., Ph.D 6