Abstract

This paper presents an automatic control system which turns ON or OFF room light based on counting how many
people are present in the room. If there is no person in the room the light remains OFF and when there is any person
enters in the room the system turns the room light ON. This system is a bi-directional people counter which contains
a pair of ultrasonic distance sensor (HC-SR04), a microcontroller, and a relay. When somebody enters in or leaves the
room, he has to cross a pair of sensors. These sensors send information to the micro-controller with the sequence he
crossed the sensors. According to the sequence a pre-programmed micro-controller adds or subtracts the number of
people present in the room and turns ON or OFF the relay which actually turns the room light ON or OFF.

Index Terms- IR Sensor Module, Microcontroller.

I. Introduction

Electricity has always remained a prime necessity of life as it is impossible to image our life without electricity. But
the only problem, as far as electricity is concerned, is the cost at which it is generated – that is crossing all limits by
every passing day, and thus putting undue burden on the consumers in the form of higher electricity bills.
Nowadays without electricity we cannot imagine our daily life because electricity has become a necessity for all,
without which day-to-day life chores & daily activities become stand still. Due to the depletion of non-renewable
resources, conservation of energy has become mandatory and by doing so we can reduce electricity bills as well. We
know that energies like wind energy, solar energy and hydro energy are called renewable energy sources which are
renewable in nature. Therefore, utilization of these resources for power supply is the best possible way of producing,
conserving and renewing energy, which is advantageous as it is pollution free, affordable, and free from environmental
impacts.

II. Literature Suryey

1. According to Chapter 27 of the IESNA Lighting Handbook (IESNA, 2000), lighting controls in buildings are
installed to provide occupants with ‘‘aesthetic and energy management control’’ over the electric lighting system.
Since their first appearance in the 1987 edition of the Application Volume of the Lighting Handbook (IESNA,
1987), lighting controls have been promoted based on the assumption that ‘‘local automated control techniques
can be more cost effective than the usual reliance on manual operation of lights’’ (p. 27-1 in IESNA,2000).

2. Automatic Room Light Intensity Detection and Control Using a Microprocessor and Light Sensors byYing-Wen
Bai and Yi-Te Ku.

3. Zigbee Sensor Based Automatic Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter by Faizan Arif Khan, Prabhat Ranjan
Sarkar, Saima Rahman, Fatima Yasmeen. Integral University, Lucknow India The purpose of this paper is to
propose an automatic control system of Room light with Energy Saver. In this paper a model of Energy Saving
Room light control system is developed with respect to number of person inside that entity.

4. Automatic room light and other appliences controller with bidirectional visitor counter Mr. Rakesh Kumar, Mr.
Shubhashish Goswami Mr. Digvijay Singh, Mr. Upendra Bisht Dev Bhoomi Institute of Technology, Dehradun
proposed that The objective of this project is to make a controller based model to count number of persons visiting
particular room and accordingly light up the room.

5. Automatic Room Light Control Using Bidirectional Visitor Counter and Gas Detection. A Project submitted to
the Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, East West
University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering by Mahmud Hossain Jewel, Md. Jahid Hasan, Md. Nazmul Islam.

6. Md. Saddam Hossain1, *Helal-An-Nahiyan1, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of

Engineering & Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh proposed on Automatic Control System for Lighting of a
Single Door Room with Bidirectional People Counter.
 III. Existing System

When we enter a room, as a habitual tendency, we often search for a switch to turn the light on, and if we are new to
the room, we often find it difficult to locate the switch. Most of the times, many of us forget to switch off the lights
while leaving the room in which we stay most of the time. This results in unnecessary power wastage. Therefore, an
automatic room-light controller automatically turns on the lights when a person enters into a room, and turns off the
lights when the person leaves the room. This automatic room controller can be implemented by using a simple
microcontroller and wireless IR technologies.

IV. Proposed System

This paper presents an automatic control system which turns ON or OFF room light based on counting how many
people are present in the room. If there is no person in the room the light remains OFF and when there is any person
enters in the room the system turns the room light ON. This system is a bi-directional people counter which contains
a pair of ultrasonic distance sensor (HC-SR04), a microcontroller, and a relay. When somebody enters in or leaves the
room, he has to cross a pair of sensors. These sensors send information to the micro-controller with the sequence he
crossed the sensors. According to the sequence a pre-programmed micro-controller adds or subtracts the number of
people present in the room and turns ON or OFF the relay which actually turns the room light ON or OFF.

V. Architecture Diagram

M
Ultrosonic Sensor I Relay
A C
R
O
C
Ultrasonic Sensor
O
B Light
N
T
R
O
L
E
R
 VI. Implementation
Testing
Testing is a vital process in the development and realization of any design, be it hardware based, software based or
both. The various components and their circuitry have to be tested to ensure that all the components on board are
certified okay and in good working condition. The components that did not give the required output specification where
isolated and troubleshoot to determine the nature and cause of the component failure through careful analysis, that is
examination of the working principles of the component(s).

Display testing
When a program to show ‘hello, world!’ is burnt into the arduino, the display shows the sentence. The following
figure shows the display test. Sensor
Testing
This section we test the sensor implementation by using a Photodiode and LED.
Development of the whole System
After completing the whole circuit and developing the control system and setting in the door, it has been observed
that it works properly. Therefore, it can be said that it is ready for
commercialization. The complete system is shown in the following figure.

VII. Future Work Scope

This project gives us an opportunity to do a big project in future. The applications stated above are some demo
applications that are absolutely possible with its future development. Initially for the limitation of time and required
fund we were able to develop just a home appliance control system. The system will also work using IR sensor. It wills
more efficient then Laser light and Photodiode. So, we have a big work scope in this sector. We hope that, we will be
able to complete all the features needed for its ultimate application

VIII. Conclusion
The smart home appliance control system was designed and developed for minimizing the wastage of electricity. We
use 5V from Arduino board and use 12V DC power supply for relay connection. We use the photodiode for receiving
laser light because it is low cost, low noise, 59 excellent linearity in output photocurrent over 7 to 9 decades of light
intensity and fast response times. Finally, we design and develop a Arduino base smart home appliance control system.
We fix the entire problem that we have. Finally, we successfully achieve our primary goals. In this study, the
application of microcontroller with improved algorithm of extended specifications has reduced the misuse of electricity
and improves the security system. We see that our smart home appliance control system is efficient and the production
cost is low. So, our smart home appliance control system is suitable for commercial.

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