SORTING MACHINE

SYNOPSIS

In our project “Sorting machine” beings with an introduction to material Inspection,

it’s various applications. The sensors are used to measure the material dimensions,distance
and this signal is given to control Unit.

The control unit gives the appropriate signal to the pneumatic cylinder. The
pneumatic cylinder is used to collecting mechanism of the improper dimension materials.
The inspection conveyor is very useful for material handling in modern engineering
industries. The motor is used to drive the conveyor. The materials are transferred from one
place to another place by using conveyor. In this top of the conveyor, sensors are used to
measure the dimension. This system gives smooth operation and smooth movement of the
belts to the jobs at required time.

INTRODUCTION

This is an era of automation where it is broadly defined as replacement of manual

effort by mechanical power in all degrees of automation. The operation remains an essential
part of the system although with changing demands on physical input as the degree of
mechanization is increased.

Degrees of automation are of two types, viz.

In semi automation a combination of manual effort and mechanical power is required

whereas in full automation human participation is very negligible.
Need For Automation

Automation can be achieved through computers, hydraulics, pneumatics, robotics, etc.,

of these sources, pneumatics form an attractive medium for low cost automation. The main
advantages of all pneumatic systems are economy and simplicity. Automation plays an
important role in mass production.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

LCD

POWER

SUPPLY

RELAY SOLENOID
ARDUINO
UNO

IR SENSOR

ULTRASONIC
SENSOR

Fig. block diagram

WORKING

Above fig shows the block diagram of sorting machine, in this we can use arduino
uno(atmega328p) microcontroller for controlling sorting operations. Power supply unit is
used for power up for microcontroller and sensors and other devices here 7805 regulated
supply is used for sensors and arduino.

Ir sensor is used for counting the materials ,and ultrasonic sensor is for measuring distance of
sensor, when ultrasonic sensor detects then relay will be on otherwise its in off state. Lcd
display is used for display the counting materials.

Arduino Uno

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on 8-bit ATmega328P microcontroller. Along

with ATmega328P, it consists other components such as crystal oscillator, serial
communication, voltage regulator, etc. to support the microcontroller. Arduino Uno has 14
digital input/output pins (out of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog input pins, a
USB connection, A Power barrel jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.

Ultrasonic sensor

An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object

using ultrasonic sound waves. An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and
receive ultrasonic pulses that relay back information about an object's proximity.
 Infrared sensor

An infrared sensor is an electronic device, that emits in order to sense some aspects of the
surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion.
These types of sensors measure only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called
a passive IR sensor. Usually, in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of
thermal radiation. These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, that can be detected by
an infrared sensor. The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector
is simply an IR photodiode that is sensitive to IR light of the same wavelength as that emitted
by the IR LED. When IR light falls on the photodiode, the resistances and the output voltages
will change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a type of flat panel display which uses liquid crystals in

its primary form of operation. LEDs have a large and varying set of use cases for consumers
and businesses, as they can be commonly found in smartphones, televisions,
computer monitors and instrument panels
 Relay

A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a single or
multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals. The switch may have any
number of contacts in multiple contact forms, such as make contacts, break contacts, or
combinations thereof.

Solenoids

Solenoids and electromagnets technically are not the same thing, but people talk as if they
are. A solenoid is just a coil of wire, but when you run a current through it, you create an
electromagnet. Since this is by far the most useful application of a coil of wire, it's not
surprising that when you say the word 'solenoid,' people tend to assume you mean
electromagnet. Electromagnets are particularly useful because, unlike regular magnets, they
can be switched on and off, and strengthened by increasing the current flowing through them.
 ADVANTAGES

 Quick response is achieved

 Sorting is done easily
 Simple in construction
 Easy to maintain and repair
 Cost of the unit is less when compared to other
 No fire hazard problem due to over loading
 Comparatively the operation cost is less
 Continuous operation is possible without stopping

LIMITATIONS

 While working, the compressed air (For Punching Operation) produces noise
therefore a silencer may be used.

APPLICATIONS
 Sorting of materials is done easily
 It is use in industries etc