Touch sensor

I. Introduction

In the realm of electronics, Touch sensors is also known as tactile sensors, are electronic

devices that detect and respond to physical touch. They are widely used in various applications,

ranging from consumer electronics to industrial automation. Touch sensors can be classified into

two main types: contact-based and non-contact-based. Contact-based touch sensors require

physical contact with the sensor to detect touch. Common examples include: Resistive touch

sensors: These sensors work by measuring the change in resistance caused by pressure or

contact. They are commonly used in touchscreens, keyboards, and trackpads. Capacitive touch

sensors: These sensors detect changes in capacitance caused by the presence of a conductor, such

as a human finger. They are also widely used in touchscreens, as well as proximity and presence

detection applications.

A straightforward sensor that adds a broad range of capabilities to numerous devices

might lessen the everyday strain of adjustments. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance

to those who are interested in electronics and seek information, with a particular focus on the

touch sensor.

Source:

Adafruit Industries. (n.d.). Touch sensors. Retrieved from https://www.adafruit.com/category/60

Amazon. (n.d.). Capacitive touch sensor. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Capacitive-

Touch-Sensor/s?k=Capacitive+Touch+Sensor
Mouser Electronics. (n.d.). Capacitive touch sensors. Retrieved from

https://www.mouser.com/c/sensors/capacitive-touch-sensors/

Wikipedia. (n.d.). Touch switch. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touch_switch

II. Touch Sensor

A touch sensor is a device that detects and responds to physical touch. It is a type of

transducer that converts mechanical energy into an electrical signal. Touch sensors are used in a

wide variety of applications, including consumer electronics, automotive systems, industrial

automation, and medical devices.

Capacitive proximity sensor

There are several different types of touch sensors, each based on a different operating

principle. Some of the most common types of touch sensors include:

 Resistive touch sensors: These sensors work by changing their electrical

resistance when touched.

 Capacitive touch sensors: These sensors work by detecting changes in capacitance

when touched.

 Optical touch sensors: These sensors work by detecting the interruption of a

beam of light.
  Piezoelectric touch sensors: These sensors work by generating an electrical signal

when touched.

 Ultrasonic touch sensors: These sensors work by detecting the reflection of sound

waves.

The specific function of a touch sensor depends on its type. However, all touch sensors

work by converting mechanical energy into an electrical signal. This signal can then be used to

control a variety of devices, such as lights, switches, and motors.

Recent innovations have been several recent innovations in touch sensor technology,

including: Development of new materials: New materials are being developed that are more

sensitive and durable than traditional materials. Integration of touch sensors into other devices:

Touch sensors are being integrated into other devices, such as clothing and furniture.

Development of new applications: New applications for touch sensors are being developed all

the time. The future of touch sensor technology is bright. Touch sensors are becoming

increasingly sophisticated and are being used in a wider variety of applications. It is likely that

touch sensors will become even more ubiquitous in the years to come.

Source:

Cárdenas-Sánchez, A., Galván-López, E., González-Morales, A., & Cervantes-Ibargüen, E.

(2018). A review of touch sensors principles and applications. Sensors, 18(10), 3600.

Electrical Symbols. (n.d.). Sensors and transducers symbols. Retrieved from

https://www.electrical-symbols.com/electric-electronic-symbols/sensors-transducers-

symbols.htm
123RF. (n.d.). Touch sensor outline icon thin line style from sensors icons collection - pixel

perfect simple element. Retrieved from https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/touch-

sensor-icon-simple-element-from-sensors-vector-38128072

III. Application for Touch Sensor

Touch sensors have revolutionized the way we interact with electronic devices, offering a

more intuitive and user-friendly interface. Their diverse applications span across various

industries, from consumer electronics to industrial automation. Touch sensors are becoming

increasingly ubiquitous in consumer electronics, home appliances, automotive applications,

industrial automation, and security systems. Their versatility and adaptability make them

invaluable across various industries, continuously transforming the way we interact with

technology and the world around us.

Source:

1. "Touch Sensors: What is it, how it Works, Arduino Guide" by Latest Open Tech from

Seeed https://www.seeedstudio.com/Grove-Touch-Sensor.html

2. "Touch Sensor Working Principle and Application" by EEE PROJECTS https://ece-

eee.final-year-projects.in/c/sensor-projects

3. "Touch Sensors - NXP Semiconductors" by NXP Semiconductors

https://www.nxp.com/design/software/development-software/mcuxpresso-software-and-

tools-/touch-sensing-on-nxp-microcontrollers:TOUCH-SENSING-

MICROCONTROLLERS
IV. Operation

 Schematic Diagram

 Discussion

The touch-controlled lamp operates by detecting touch through a sensor, which

sends a signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller interprets the signal and

instructs the relay to open or close, controlling the flow of electricity to the lamp.

When the lamp is touched, the relay closes, allowing electricity to flow and

turning on the lamp. Releasing the touch interrupts the signal, causing the relay to

open and turning off the lamp.

Source:

OurPCB. (n.d.). Touch Lamp Circuit. Retrieved from https://www.ourpcb.com/touch-lamp-

circuit.html: https://www.ourpcb.com/touch-lamp-circuit.html

Atmel. (2005). ATmega328P datasheet. Retrieved from

https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/Atmel-7810-Automotive-
Microcontrollers-ATmega328P_Datasheet.pdf:

https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/Atmel-7810-Automotive-

Microcontrollers-ATmega328P_Datasheet.pdf

V. Components

Components Function

Touch sensor Detects when the user touches the lamp and

sends a signal to the microcontroller

Microcontroller Processes the signal from the touch sensor

and controls the output to the relay.

Relay A switch that controls the flow of electricity

to the lamp.
 Lamp The light source for the lamp.

Resistor Limits the current flowing through the

circuit.

Capacitors Filters out noise and voltage spikes from the

circuit.

Diode Allows current to flow in one direction only.

LED A light-emitting diode that can be used to

indicate the status of the circuit.

Source:

Touch sensor: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=TtDgk6WR6_I

Microcontroller: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide

Relay: https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/resistor/res_9.html

Lamp: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamp

Resistor: https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/resistor/res_9.html

Capacitor: https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/blog/passive-devices.html

Diode: https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/category/diode
VI. Datasheet

A. TOUCH SENSOR-TTP223
B. MC9S08SC4 MCU
C. SRD Relay
 D. 2N700 NPN BJT

Source:
1. Seeed Studio. (n.d.). Grove - Touch Sensor. Retrieved from

https://files.seeedstudio.com/wiki/Grove-Touch_Sensor/res/TTP223.pdf

2. Circuit Basics. (2015). SRD-05VDC-SL-C Datasheet. Retrieved from

https://www.circuitbasics.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/SRD-05VDC-SL-C-

Datasheet.pdf

3. NXP Semiconductors. (n.d.). MC9S08SC4. Retrieved from

https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/MC9S08SC4.pdf

4. Philips Semiconductors. (n.d.). 2N2222. Retrieved from

https://html.alldatasheet.com/html-pdf/15067/PHILIPS/2N2222/495/2/2N2222.html