Institute of Engineering and Technology

Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya

Induction Motor Controller and

Protection System
Presented By-
Under the Supervision of-
Sumeet Mishra(20255)
Er. SHIKSHA JAIN, Satyam Pandey(20249)
(Assistant Professor)
Aman Mishra (20264)
Rahul Pandey (20270)
Introduction
Induction motors have been used widely in different fields ranging from domestic appliances
to industrial machinery. This necessitates a speed control mechanism that is efficient and is
also safe to use. Also the induction motor can be run in either of the two directions which is
quite useful in many applications.
But Induction motors like any other motors need efficient control to handle industrial
applications. Along with it motors are the most vulnerable parts to get damaged as they
product the desired motion in any machine. So we also integrate a temperature and
vibration detection alert in the system.

This System provides the following advantages:

1.Induction Motor Switching using App
2.Induction Motor Speed Control
3.Motor Direction Control (Clockwise/Anticlockwise)
4.Motor Fire Protection
5.Motor Vibration Alert
Components
Atmega 328 Microcontroller
Encoder Sensor
Temperature Sensor
Vibration Sensor
Induction Motor
Switch Buttons
Status LED’s
Transformer
Regulatory Circuitry
PCB Board
Resistors
Capacitors
Transistors
Cables and Connectors
Grid Poles
Screws and Bolts
Block Diagram
Atmega 328 Microcontroller
The high-performance Microchip 8-bit AVR® RISC-based microcontroller
combines 32 KB ISP Flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1 KB
EEPROM, 2 KB SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose
working registers, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes,
internal and external interrupts, serial programmable USART, a byte-
oriented Two-Wire serial interface, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-bit A/D
converter (8-channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), programmable
watchdog timer with internal oscillator, and five software selectable
power saving modes. The device operates between 1.8-5.5 volts.
By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the device
achieves throughputs approaching one MIPS per MHz, balancing power
consumption and processing speed.
Induction Motor
A motor with only amortisseur windings is called an induction motor. An induction motor
is the most modest electrical machine from the construction point of view, in the majority
of the cases. The induction motor works on the principle of induction where an
electromagnetic field is induced into the rotor when the rotating magnetic field of the
stator cuts the stationary rotor. Induction machines are by far the most common type of
motor used in industrial, commercial, or residential settings. It is a three-phase AC motor.
Its characteristic features are:

• Simple and rugged construction

• Low cost and minimum maintenance
• High dependability and sufficiently high proficiency
• Needs no additional starting motor and necessity not to be synchronized
Encode Sensor
Encoder sensors are a type of mechanical motion sensor that create a digital signal
from a motion. It is an electro-mechanical device that provides users (commonly those
in a motion control capacity) with information on position, velocity and direction.
There are two main types of encoder: linear and rotary.

Encoder sensors have become a widely used class of sensors where feedback
information from a moving mechanical system is required. It is a device that can
provide precise information on the speed, direction and positioning of a piece of
mechanical equipment. In recent years, encoders have become a lot more sensitive
and tough with higher resolutions at a lower cost, and as a result are now widely used
in many industries.
Temperature Sensor
A temperature sensor is a device, typically, a thermocouple or resistance temperature
detector, that provides temperature measurement in a readable form through an
electrical signal.

A thermometer is the most basic form of a temperature meter that is used to measure
the degree of hotness and coolness.
Temperature meters are used in the geotechnical field to monitor concrete, structures,
soil, water, bridges, etc. for structural changes in due to seasonal variations.
Vibration Sensor
Vibration sensors are devices that detect vibration, shock, and sound. They can be used
in machinery to detect problems before they happen. Vibration sensors work by
detecting the motion of a material or object by sensing its frequency. The faster the
movement, the higher the frequency detected on a vibration sensor.

In manufacturing, for example, when a machine is vibrating abnormally, it may

experience problems with its bearings. The bearings allow flexible movement while also
providing stability and support for critical components like gears and motors. If
something causes abnormal vibrations in these parts, they can break down over time
due to wear and tear.
Transformer
Transformer, device that transfers electric energy from one alternating-current circuit
to one or more other circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping
down) the voltage. Transformers are employed for widely varying purposes; e.g., to
reduce the voltage of conventional power circuits to operate low-voltage devices,
such as doorbells and toy electric trains, and to raise the voltage from electric
generators so that electric power can be transmitted over long distances.

The transformer is basically a voltage control device that is used widely in the
distribution and transmission of alternating current power. The idea of a transformer
was first discussed by Michael Faraday in the year 1831 and was carried forward by
many other prominent science scholars.
Result & Discussion
The speed of motor is controlled through the android app.The RPM of motor is
measured using IR sensor and displayed on LCD. Also send to the android app.The
Temperature of motor is measured using LM35 and displayed o LCD. Also send to the
android app.If temperature is increased above certain limit, motor is stopped
immediately to prevent from further damage. And also buzzer is turned on.The
vibration of motor is measured using vibration sensor.If vibration is increased above
certain limit, motor is stopped immediately to prevent from further damage. And also
buzzer is turned on.
Induction motor running with protection system
Conclusion
The dissertation focuses on the use of microcontrollers, GSM modules, step-down transformers,
and protective relays to safeguard three-phase induction motors operating in single-phase mode.
The system is a lot less expensive than the current options on the market. Protecting three-phase
induction motors from single-phase, overheating, and SMS alerts can be accomplished utilizing
the GSM module in the protection system. With this project, we are able to safeguard the motor
from overheating and single phasing during abnormal situations. Whenever an abnormal state is
detected, a chime is sounded. Contactors are used to disconnect the motor from the three-phase
supply when any of the failures occur. Additionally, the user is alerted through SMS to the single
phasing or overheating condition via the GSM modem. Using a microcontroller setting button, the
critical temperature of the three-phase load can be set to our specifications and motor rating.
Changing the message sent to the user during any abnormal situation is as simple as making a
change to the microcontroller programmed.
THANK YOU