FIRE ALARM SYSTEM WATER SPRAY PROJECTOR SYSTEM Sprinkler Head

1. Characteristic of fire alarm system: 3 factors to involved water spray projector Testing and Commissioning Checklist: 2 categories of sprinkler head:
a. detection system system : a. pump operating current & voltage a. those in which the operating medium is fusible
b. alarm zone - i. Cooling – cooling of the liquid reduce the rate of b. pump operating preesure and flow rates solder
i.stage evacuation is given in the zone where vaporization and consequentlyrate at which fuel c.pump operating RPM b. tose in which a bulb is ruptured by the
people might be at greatest risk. can reach the fire. d. pump not overheating expansion a contained liquid
ii.phased evacuation is more complex process ii. Dilution of Oxygen Supplies – the steam formed e. vibration and noise level
where people are evacuated in a predetermined by the vaporization of the applied water displaces f. testing of electrical wiring system Rating and colours of Fusible Metal Sprinkler
sequence according to the degree of risk they air form the zone of combustion and thus tends g. alternative power supply for electrical pumps Head:
maybe in from a fire. to smother the fire. h. hydrostatic testing of pipework a. 68-74’c – uncoloured
iii.progressive horizontal evacuation is a form of iii. Dilution of the Liquid – if a flammable liquid i. flushing of pipework b. 93-100’c – white
phased evacuation used in hospitals or residential which will mix with water is progressively diluted, c. 141’c – blue
care premises where patients are moved a stage will be reached where so much water is AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER d. 182’c – yellow
horizontally from the zone where they are at risk present that the liquid will no longer burn. Principle of design: e. 227’c – red
to adjacent safe zones on the same floor. a. British Standard Code Practice CP-402-
High Velocity System – applies water in the form 201(1952) Bulb Type
2. 3 Type of alarm signals: of a conical spray consisting of droplets of water b. The rules of the fire Officers Committee for Standard Bulb Filling Colours for Various Ratings
i. alarm – is a warning of fire danger that requires travelling at high velocity, 3 principles of Automatic Sprinkler Installation of Bulb Type Sprinkler Head:
immediate action. extinguishment: Sprinkler rating Colours of bulb
ii. Supervisory –are being monitored by fire alarm i. emulsification Fire Officers, committee risk categories: 57’c Orange
system was includes: ii. cooling a. Extra Light Hazard System 68’c Red
-extinguishing or suppression system iii. smothering b. Ordinary hazard System: 79’c Yellow
-automatic sprinkler system i. G1= light ordinary hazard 93’c Green
-carbon dioxide system Medium Velocity System – the sprayers ii. G2= medium ordinary hazard 141’c Blue
-dry chemical system discharge a cone of water spray consisting of iii. G3= High ordinary hazard 182’c Mauve
-foam system medium-size droplets of water with a range of iv. G3 special 204-260’c Black
-gaseous agent system different sizes and discharge angle. c. Extra High Hazard System
iii. Trouble signal indicated a fault in a monitored Sizer
circuit or component of the fire alarm system or Steam System – may used to protect the Visual Inspection Checklist: Nominal Pipes Hazard
the disarrangement of the primary or secondary following risks : a. Water Supply: size or threads class
power supply. a. ship’s hold i. capacity of sprinkler tanks orifice
b. Flammable liquid users ii. priming tank
10 mm 10 mm Extra
3. Power supply: c. oil tanks, driers iii. monitoring of water tank level
light only
-batteries especially must be maintained so that iv. Vortex inhibitors for water tank
their capacity does not drop below the level DRENCHERS v. flow meter’ 15 mm 15 mm Ordinary
where they would be unable to maintain the are placed on roofs and over windows and vi. breeching inlet and extra
system in operation for an acceptable period external openings to protecting the building from b. Sprinkler: high only
after failure of the mains supply. damage by exposure to fire in adjacent premises. i. spacing of sprinkler heads 20 mm 20 mm Extra
3 main types of drenchers : -area of coverage high only
4. Control and indicating equipment: i. roof drenchers – have a deflector rather similar -max & min distance between sprinkler
i.automatically monitor and control the to that of a sprinkler head. Form the roof ridge -max 7 min distance between from walls/partition Types of sprinkler:
equipment in the system. they throw a curtain must be protected. -distance from beams,columns and other a. conventional pattern
ii.indicate fire and fault signals and their location. ii. wall drenchers – throw water to one side only obstructions b. spray pattern
iii.provide manual control facilities for testing the of the outlet in the form of a flat curtain over -obstruction below sprinkler c. ceiling flush pattern
circuit,triggering fire alarm signals,silencing those openings or portions of building most likely -depth and combustibility of ceiling void d. sidewall pattern
audible fire warnings and reseting the system to admit fire in order to cover all combustible -clear space below sprinkler e. dry upright pattern
after a fire signal. portions of a walls. ii. physical condition of sprinkler heads
iv.operate the alarm either throughout the iii. window drenchers – placed horizontally level iii. temperature rating of sprinkler heads Maximum area covered by sprinkler:
building. with the top of the window, with a deflector iv. sprinkler guards Hazard general Special risk
v.transmit the signal to an Alarm Receiving 100mm from the tail of the deflector. v. spare sprinkler and sprinkler spanners class areas
Centre(ARC) c. PipeWork: Extra 21 m2 9 m2
vi.indicate form which zone the signal is coming, WATER BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM i. type of pipe used light
not only at the main indicator panel. Rising Mains – a rising mains in terms for building ii. protection of underground pipework hazard
vii.operate other equipment fire protection is where there are piping fed or iii. painting of pipework Ordinary 12 m2 9 m2
viii.operate fixed fire fighting equipment. without water for fire fighting. iv. number of sprinkler installed on range and hazard
distribution pipes
Extra 9 m2 7.5- 10 m2
5. Faults: 2 type of Rising Mains: v. pipes hangers and supports for pipework
high
The control and indicating equipment is designed a. Wet Risers – is a pipe kept permanently vi. pipe sleeves
hazard
to give a visual and audible warning of a fault and charged with water which is then immediately vii. fire seal
its location e.g: available for use an any floor in a building at viii. flow switch
i. a fault in any detector or manual call point in which landing valve is provided. ix. total length of pipework between alarm valve The Value Of Sprinklers
the circuit. b. Dry Risers – is simply a vertical pipr which is and water alarm gong a.55% of fires were extinguished by the operation
ii. a short or break in any circuit forming part of normally kept empty of water, fitted with outlet a d. Sprinkler Pumps: of 2 sprinkler heads
the system. various floor levels in buildings. It is not i. protectin of rotating parts of pump sets b. 80% of fires were extinguished by 8 or less
iii. a failure of the mains power supply(within connected to a water supply but is charged when ii. mounting of pump sets sprinklers
30min)or of a standby supply(within 15min). required by means of fire service pumps. c. 90% of fires were extinguished by 18 or less
iv. a failure of the transmission links between the Testing & Commissioning Chekcklist sprinklers
system and an ARC. Advantages of Rising Mains: a. Water Supply:
v. any other fault that may render the system or a. fire on the upper floors can be attacked with i. pump operating current and voltage NON WATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
part of the system inoperative. minimum loss of time ii. pump operating pressure and flow rate CO2
b. greater capacity than 70mm hose iii. pump operating RPM Properties of carbon Dioxide:
6. Silence Alarms and Reset: c. minimize the risk of water damage iv. Pump not overheating a. General properties
The operation of the device should: d. outlets at or near roof level can be used to feed v. vibration and noise level -non combustible
i. require a manual operation. branches to cover adjacent building vi. testing of electrical wiring system -non reacting with most substances
ii. sound an audible alarmat the control unit. vii. alternative power supply for electric pumps -provides its own pressure for discharge from
iii. not cancel any visual signalof fire alarm at the Disadvatages of Rising Mains: viii. batteries for diesel pumps container
control unit. a. liable to vandalisme ix. fuel of diesel pumps -since it is gas, it spreads to all parts of the fire
iv. not prevent the proper receipt of alarms from b. need to check valves on each floor prior to x. automatic operation of pumps area
any zone not already providing an alarm. charging(Dry Riser) b. Pipe Work: -electrically non conductive
v. not prevent the connect operation of any i. hydrostatic testing of pipework -leaves no residue
control for starting or restarting fire alarm Procedure Statis Pressure Test: ii. flushing of pipewok b. Thermodynamic Properties
sounder . a. close all lnding valve fully. iii. spray pattern of sprinkler -under normal conditions i is gas
vi. not prevent the transmission of an alarm to an b. fill the dry riser pipes with water ensuring that iv. alarm gong operating -liquified by compressing and cooling
ARC. all entrapped air is allowed to escape at the v. flow switches test -co2 in a closed container may exist as a liquid or
release valve. vi. zone monitoring gas at 75psi and -69.9’F and the critical
7. Fault Level: c.remove the air release valve carefully and seal temperature of (87.8’F)-triple point
This is a fault on any part of the system. The fault the opening for the screwed end of the air release Types of Sprinkler -at 87.8’F density of vapor is equal to the density
indicator LED will alluminate, an audible alarm valve with a suitable plug. 6 types of standard sprinkler system: of the liquid and the clear demarcation of the two
signal operates and possibly a LCD display and d. connect the hand pump as shown and sloly a. wet pipe phases disappears
printout also occur. In order not to deactivate a pressurized the system to 250psi. b. dry pipe -below -69.9’F (75ps) co2 may be present in
number of sensors or a complete zone. Some e. disconnect the hand pump from the c. alternate wet and dry pipe vapor,liquid and solid forms
system can isolate the device creating the fault pressurized system by closing the isolating valve d. tail-end wet and dry pipe
condition but still leave the reminder fully alert. V. e. tail-end alternate Method of Application
In tis case a fault is indicated and a device isolated f. register the initial pressure gauge reading and f. pre-action a. Total Flooding:
light will alluminate plus the audible alarm. subsequent readings at 15 min intervals and b. point protection of local application
record the reading. Wet Pipe System c. Extended Discharge
3 Zone Type Detection System g. evaluate the maximum pressure fluctuation. Principal controls: d. hand-hose lines
i. Fire Condition : when a fire condition is a. a stop valve on each separate source of supply e. determining system types
detected the zone alarm circuitry is activated and f: b. a non-return valve on each source of supply
latched. The alarm sounders operate and the fire a. re-connect all components of the Dry Riser c. am installation main stop valve to cut off the the ability of CO2 system components:
condition is indicated by the illumination of the System. flow of water to the system after a head has -the way in which it is discharged into the fire
fire LEDs. When the key switch on that zone is b.ensure that all the landing valves are fully opened and fire has been extinguished area
turned to the silence alarm, position the fire LEDs closed. d. an alarm valve, which lifts when water to the -rate of application
remain illuminate, the alarm sounders are c. connect the dry riser hose couplings to the alarm gong, this valve also acts as a non-return -total quantity discharged
silenced and an internal sounder is activated. landing valve and the branch pipe for the 1st floor. valve to prevent the return flow of water from
ii. Reset : when all detectors are free from d. pump water from the hydrant via the pump the sprinkler pipes to the supply connections Maintenance, Inspection And Test Procedures
combustion products, expendable fix into the dry riser system. e. a test and drain valve, used for providing the a. frequent scheduled visual checks
temperature detector elements replace and e. open the landing valve at 1st floor fully end water supply to the installation and to empty the b. tests at least once a year
manual call points reset, the zone is reinstated to note the throw of the jet and record. system when necessary. c. in order to run a satisfactory test, may be
an active condition by turning the key switch to f.close the landing valve at the 1st floor. necessary to discharge enough co2 to operate all
reset and then to normal. g. repeat steps 2,3,4,5 and 6 for each successive 3 types gauges: pressure actuated parts of system
iii. Fault : if the detector line is broken,or short floor. a. pressure gauge (installation) – which show the d. weight cylinders at least once in 6 month for
circuit,or a zone fuse fails, the zone fault circuitry pressure in the installation itself above the main loss through leakage
is activated and indicated by the illumination of HOSEREEL SYSTEM stop and alarm valves e. loss of weight by 10% or more, replace cylinder
that particular zone fault LED. The internal The normal standard internl diameter for hose b. pressure gauge (supply) – which show the f. replacement of co2 cylinders not immediately
sounder is activated and the normal LED is reel is 19mm(3/4inc) and one of three type as pressure of the supply below the main stop valve possible- additional co2 cylinder should be kept
entinguished. An open or short circuit fault in an follows: c. pressure gauge (towns main) – which show the on hand
alarm sounder circuit signals a fault condition. a. Type 1 – max working pressure 10 bar pressure in the towns main
b. Type 2 – max working pressure 14 bar Visual Inspection Checklist
Method Of Transmission Protected Premises to c. Type 3 – max working pressure 20 bar Dry Pipe System a. Cylinders:
ARC. -only allowedin buildings where the temperature -capacity of cylinders, location of cylinders, pilot
i. private wire each type of hose shall consist of: conditions are artificially maintained close to, or cylinders, flexible hoses, safety valve, support
ii. omnibus circuits a. an inner rubber tube as lining below, freezing point, such as in cool stores and brackets, weighing facility
iii. ARC satellites b. suitable reinforcement fur vaults, or where the temperature is b. Pipework:
iv. Digital Communication(DC) c. non ablation-resisting rubber cover maintained above 70’c as in drying ovens -type of pipe used, painting of pipework, pipe
sleeves, fire seal, nozzles
AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTOR Daily servicing for hosereel pump: Pre-Action System c. Detectors
i. evacuate people from the danger area. a. diesel fuel top up -is a combination of a standard sprinkler -physical condition of detectors, Conduit for all
ii. reduce the spread fire/smoke or both. b. engine oil top up systemand an independent approved system of wiring
iii. reduce damage or further damage. c. battery in serviceable condition heat or smoke detectors installed in the same d. Panels
iv. stop the fire at its initial stage. d. all wirings is good condition areas as the sprinklers -protection of panel, mounting of panel
v. call for help. e. starting up and stopping can be easily e. Accessories
f. water level in the tank Objective re-cycling pre-action system: -flashing light, tripping device, signage, visible and
g. running up to be carried out in both auto a. to restrict water damage after a fire has been audible alarms, electrical and mechanical manual
function and manual extinguished activation
b. to avoid water damage caused by accidental
mechanical damage to the system pipework or
sprinklers
c. to obviate the need to close the main stop
valve when replacing sprinklers or affecting
modifications to the system pipework
Testing and commissioning chek=cklist
a. pipework: Type of damage overcome from Positive Pressure
oneumatic testing of pipework
b. detectors: Test:
-detector test a. exhale valve spring weak
-electrical wiring test b. installation mask one
-interfacing of detectors and control panel c. hole in mask outer
c. panel
-LED test d. speech diaphragm or ring damage
-1 zone alarm test e. exhale valve seat / flap damaged
-2 zone alarm test f. leaks in exhale front cover valve fitting
-discharge test
-fault test
-connection to main fire alarm Type of forms of Charging Records:
d. system: a. record the filling cylinder
-simulated automatic discharge test b. maintenance records
-simulated manual discharge test c. record components
-actual discharge test
-bracket support during actual discharge test d. record use of a respirator
e. record damaged
Dry Chemical Powder(DCP) f. record of equipment
Type of DCP Agent:
a. sodium bicarbonate
b. foam-compatible type Leak Test:
c. potassium bicarbonate a. take the filled tube and put on the backplate
d. monoammonium phosphate b. connect the connector on cylinder valve and
e. potassium chloride determine the bypass knob in close position
f. monet powder
g. combustible metal dry chemical c. open cylinder valve slowly until the air to meet
all the chanel at least 20 second
Basic system d. close the cylinder
a. a actuation system – this consist of detectors and manual e. once the cylinder valve fully closed see the
means of actuation, withor without remote station.such system
must utilize various type of detectors pressure gauge reading and notes the decrease in
b. a distribution system – this consist of piping and nozzles pressure within 1 min. if a decline of more than
c. a agent container – this pressure vessel containing the 10 bar within 1 min, this indicates there was a
selected agent with a appropriate means to expel the agent break on the set of BA
d. a dry chemical agent – now available are sodium
bicarbonate, pottasium bicarbonate, monoammonium f.if test on the devices failed to achieve, see chart
phosphate, potassium chloride, foam-compatible and damage and check and identify leaks and
combustible metal dry powder subsequent repair
Types of DCP Systems
a. total flooding system Procedure Filling Air In Tube Or Cylinder:
b. local application system a. make sure the pressure tube to be filled in the
c. pre-engineered system same pressureon the compressor
b. enter the cylinder to be filled into the reservoir
Maintenance
a. ensure that the stored-pressure unit must be completely filling
leak-proof c. connect the filling hose
b. ensure that the DC container has a bursting disc d. turn on the compressor
c. all piping systems must be secure e. check final pressure safety valve
Foam f. after safety valve open, open the filling cork and
-foam system are found in various manufacturing and industrial then open cylinder valve
areas or aircraft hangars,primary properties is which there are g. monitor compressor current operation
flammable liquid fire hazards. h. once the pressure reaches the required level,
Foam installation: close the cylinder valve and then open the cork to
release the filling pressure
a. Pump-operated Mechanical Foam Type consider of:
-water supply line from pumps through an inductor Maximum Reduced Pressure Test With Flow:
-distribution piping sysem to foam generator
-liquid foam tank a. bypass knob rotate gently to remove air
b. look at the test gauge reading, which will show
Operation low pressure
-water control valve is opened and water flows into the foam c. if the test fails, see the cart damage and make
tank. Water also flows through the inductor and by venture
effect created the inductor draws the resultant mixture of foam repairs
area, where foam is immediately formed d. close the cylinder valve and remove the air on
the channel
b. Self-Contained Pressure Type consist of: e. remove the test gauge and reinstall the
-water storage tank with cylinder of CO2 to expel the water
through an inductor pressure reducer relief valve
-distributing piping system to foam generators f. install the cover plate and tighten reducer
-a liquid foam tank g. wash and store tools
h. record test
Operation
-when co2 is released from the cylinder, it expels the water
from the storage tank through the inductor. The induct draws
the concentrate into the water stream. The foam solution it
them delivered to generators through a piping system

c. Pre-Mixed System consist of:

-a cylinder storage tank, designed for maximum working
pressure of 10 bars which the tank was filled foam concentrate
and water
-a co2 gas cylinder with is used to expel the foam solution. The
cylinder has a disc-closure valve and a lever operated pierching
head

Operation
-to activated the system, the co2 cylinder valve is pierced and
co2 is released into the storage tank. The solution is formed up
the siphon tube and piped to the generator.

High Expansion Foam System

Basic system:
3 essential components:
a. the detection or actuating system
b. the generators
c. the piping arrangement for water and foam

Operation
-Similar to all automatic system. The source of media is
different. Most generators used the venture proportioned to
inject foam concentrate into the water solution line. the foam is
produced by agitating the solution or by passing air through a
net or grill which is saturated with solution