KOg; gjpg;GupikAilaJ

,yq;if fzf;fl
P L
; njhopyE
; l;gtpayhsu;fs; fofk;
AA1 guPli
; r – 2017 rdtup
(AA13) tpahghuk; kw;Wk; fzf;fl
P b
; w;fhd nghUspay;
(Economics for Business and Accounting)
2017–01-28
• guPlr
; hu;jj
; pfSf;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; (jaTnra;
jaTnra;J ftdkhf thrpf;fTk;): gpw;gfy;
[1.45 – 5.00]
(1) mDkjpf;fg;gl;l Neuk; : thrpj;jy; - 15 epkplq;fs;
vOJjy; - 03 kzpj;jpahyk;
gf;fq;fs; : 07
(2) vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;Ff. tpdhf;fs; : 06

(3) tpilfs; ahTk; jug;gl;l tpilg; Gj;jfj;jpy; guPli

; rf;F tpzz ; g;gpj;j
xNu nkhopapy py; kl;Lk; vOjg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
(4) vy;yh nrad;Kiwfs; kw;Wk; fzpgG ; fis rku;gg ; pf;fTk;. VjhtJ vLNfhs;fs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUg;gpd; mtw;iwj; njspthff; Fwpg;gpLf.
(5) epuw;gLj;jg;glhj fzpg;ghd;fspd; ghtid khj;jpuk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
(6) tiuGj; jhs;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.
(7) tiutpyf;fzq;fSld;$ba nray; tpidr;nrhy; gl;bay; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xt;nthU
tpdhtpYk; xU tpidr; nrhy; cs;slq;fpapUf;fpwJ. (OTQ’s jtpu;ej ; ). guPlr
; hu;jj
; pfs; nray;
tpidr;nrhy; gl;baypy; jug;gl;l tpidr;nrhy; tiutpyf;fzj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;
tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
(8) 100 Gs;spfs;

gFjp A
Nehf;fr; Nrhjid tpdhf;fs; (OTQs)
,UgJ (20) fl;lha tpdhf;fs;
(nkhj;jk; 40 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 01

,y. 1.1 Kjy; 1.10 tiuAs;s tpdhf;fSf;F kpfr; rupahd tpiliaj; njupTnra;f. ePqf
; s; njupT
nra;j tpilapd; ,yf;fj;ij cq;fsJ tpilg;Gj;jfj;jpy; tpdhTf;Fj; jug;gl;l ,yf;fj;Jld;
vOJf.

1.1 epuk;gy; tpjp (Law of supply) MdJ:

(1) epuk;gy; khw;wj;jpw;Fk; tUkhd khw;wj;jpw;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;ig tpgupf;fpwJ.

(2) tpiyf;Fk; epuk;gy; fzpaj;jpw;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;ig tpgupf;fpwJ.

(3) epuk;gy; fzpa khw;wj;jpw;Fk; Nfs;tpf; fzpa khw;wj;jpw;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;ig

tpgupf;fpwJ.

(4) epuk;gy; fzpaj;jpw;Fk; Nfs;tpf; fzpaj;jpw;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;ig tpgupf;fpwJ.

1.2 gpd;tUk; tiuglk; xU ehl;bd; cw;gj;jpr; rhj;jpa tisapiaf; fhl;LfpwJ:

nghUs; A

nghUs; B

NkYs;s tiuglj;jpYs;s Gs;sp x MdJ :

(1) tsq;fspd; Fiwg; gad;ghl;ilf; fhl;LfpwJ.

(2) nghUl;fspd; milaKbahjnjhU Nru;fi

; fiaf; fhl;LfpwJ.

(3) tsq;fspd; epiw njhopiyf; fhl;LfpwJ.

(4) vjpu;fhy nghUshjhu tsu;rr

; papd; xU tpiuT tPjj;ijf; fhl;LfpwJ.

1.3 gpd;tUk; tiuglk; gz;lnkhd;wpd; Nfs;tp kw;Wk; epuk;gy; tisapfisf; fhl;LfpwJ:

tpiy (&.)

epuk;gy;)
S (epuk;
75

50 rkepiyg; Gs;sp

30
Nfs;tp)p
D (Nfs;
O 20 60 fzpak; (myFfs;)

Efu;Nthu; kpif (Consumer Surplus) :

(1) &. 250/- (2) &. 500/- (3) &. 650/- (4) &. 750/-

1.4 Njapiyapd; tpiy 8% My; tPor; r; pailAk;NghJ> Nfhg;gpf;fhd Nfs;tpf; fzpak; 2% My;
ruptilfpwJ. Nfhg;gp kw;Wk; Njapiyf;fpilapyhd Nfs;tpapd; FWf;F tpiy nefpo;rr
; p
(Cross price elasticity):

(1) -0.25 (2) + 2.0 (3) + 4.0 (4) + 0.25

1.5 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Neupy; tupfs; tpjpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd Nehf;fkhf miktJ vJ?

(1) murhq;fj;jpw;fhd tup tUkhdj;ijg; gpwg;gpg;gJ

(2) jPqF
; tpistpf;ff;$ba cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fspd; Efu;tpid Cf;fq;nflr; nra;tJ

(3) Fwpg;gpl;l nghUl;fspd; Efu;tpid Cf;fg;gLj;JtJ

(4) NkYs;s midj;Jk;.

2|Page
1.6 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; nghJg; nghUl;fspd; (Public goods) xU gz;gpay;ghf miktJ vJ?

(1) Efu;tpYs;s Nghl;b kdg;ghd;ik

(2) jtpu;ff
; f;$ba jd;ik mw;wJ (Non-Excludability)

(3) nghUspd; ,yhgj;jd;ik

(4) jdpahu; Jiwapduhy; cw;gj;jpnra;ag;gl;lJ

1.7 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; murhq;fg; ghjPlb

; d; xU gpujhd Nehf;fk; my;yhjJ vJ?

(1) tsq;fspd; tpidj;jpwdhd xJf;fL

P

(2) nkhj;j cs;ehl;Lr; Nrkpg;ig mjpfupj;jy;

(3) tUkhdj;jpd; kPs; gfpu;T

(4) nghUshjhu cWjpj;jd;ikiag; NgZjy;

1.8 2015 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; tUlhe;j mwpf;iff;fpzq;f> 2015 Mk;
Mz;bw;fhd ,yq;ifapd; jdpegu; tUkhdk;>

(1) US $ 3,280 (2) US $ 3,924 (3) US $ 2,900 (4) US $ 3,700

1.9 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ Njrpa tUkhdr; Rw;Nwhl;lg; gha;rr; ypypUe;jhd xU ntspg;gha;thf

(leakage) ,Uf;fpwJ?

(1) KjyPLfs; (2) Nrkpg;Gfs;

(3) murhq;fr; nrytpdq;fs; (4) Vw;Wkjpfs;

1.10 nghUshjhunkhd;wpd; %yjdj; jpul;ly; vd;gJ>

(1) njhopy; rpwg;Gj;Nju;rr

; p ,Uf;Fk;NghJ epfo;fpwJ.

(2) etPd cw;gj;jp El;gq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ epfo;fpwJ.

(3) nghUshjhuk; mjd; %yjd ,Ug;gpid mjpfupf;Fk;NghJ epfo;fpwJ.

(4) cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fspd; juj;jpy; Nkk;ghnlhd;W ,Uf;Fk;NghJ epfo;fpwJ.

,y. 1.11 njhlf;fk; 1.15 tiuapyhd gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; “rupahdjh

rupahdjh”
rupahdjh my;yJ
jtwhdjh”
jtwhdjh vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpLf. ckJ tpilapid (rupahdJ / jtwhdJ) tpdhTf;Fupa
“jtwhdjh
,yf;fj;Jld; ckf;Fj; jug;gl;Ls;s tpilg;Gj;jfj;jpy; vOJf.

1.11 epuk;gypy; khw;wkpd;wp gz;lnkhd;wpw;fhd Nfs;tpapy; Vw;gLk; xU mjpfupg;ghdJ

mg;gz;lj;jpd; rkepiy tpiy kw;Wk; rkepiyf; fzpak; Mfpa ,uz;bYk; xU mjpfupg;ig
Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.

1.12 rpyUupikapd; (rpyu; Mjpf;fj;jpd;) fPo>; re;ijapy; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapyhd cw;gj;jp

ahsu;fSk; / tpw;gidahsu;fSk; thbf;ifahsu;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wdu;.

3|Page
1.13 re;ijg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; murhq;fk; jiyaPL nra;tjw;fhd gpujhd fhuzk; re;ijj;
Njhy;tpfisr; (market failures) rupnra;tjw;fhFk;.

1.14 Vida ehzaq;fs; rhu;ghf Fwpj;j ehzaj;jpw;fhd epuk;gy; kw;Wk; Nfs;tpapd; Clhf
ntspehl;L ehzakhw;Wr; re;ijapd; %yk; epiyahd ehzakhw;W tPjk; epu;zak;
nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

1.15 xU ehl;bd; epiyNgwhd mgptpUj;jpia mstPL nra;Ak;NghJ nghUshjhu mk;rk;

khj;jpuk; fUj;jpnyLf;fg;gLfpwJ.

,y. 1.16 njhlf;fk; 1.20 tiuahd tpdhf;fspYs;s ,ilntspfis epug;Gtjw;Fr; rupahd nrhy; /
nrhw;fis milg;Gf;Fs;spUe;J njupTnra;f. njupTnra;ag;gl;l nrhy; / nrhw;fis mjw;Fupa
tpdh ,yf;fj;Jld; ckJ tpilg; Gj;jf;jjpy; vOJf.

1.16 Efu;Nthu; jkJ …………………… (ghtidia / ,yhgj;ij) cr;rg;gLj;j Kidfpd;wdu;.

1.17 …………………….. (cw;gj;jpahsu;fis / Efu;Nthiu) ghJfhg;gjw;fhf murhq;fj;jpdhy;

Fiwe;jgl;r tpiyfs; (fPo; vy;iy tpiyfs;) (Price floors) tpjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

1.18 …………………… (,iwtupf; nfhs;if / ehzaf; nfhs;if) MdJ Ngupdg; nghUshjhu

epiyikfspy; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jfpd;w murhq;fj;jpd; nryT kw;Wk; tUkhdf; nfhs;if kPJ
ftdQ; nrYj;JfpwJ.

1.19 kw;WnkhU ehl;bid tpl xU ehl;bdhy; Fiwe;j re;ju;gg

; r; nrynthd;wpy; gz;lk; xd;iw
cw;gj;jpnra;a KbAnkdpd; mJ …………………… (jdp mD$yk; / xg;gl
P L
; mD$yk;) vd
mwpag;gLfpwJ.

1.20 rfy cs;sL

P fspd; mjpfupg;igAk; tpl xU rpwpa tpfpjj;jpy; (proportion) ntspaPL mjpfupf;F
khapd; mJ …………………… (mjpfupj;Jr; nry;Yk; msTj;jpl;l tpisT / Fiwe;J nry;Yk;
msTj;jpl;l tpisT) vd milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
(xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; 02 Gs;spfs; tPjk;> nkhj;jk; 40 Gs;spfs;)
The following data should gFjp A KbT
gFjp B
ehd;F (04) fl;lha tpdhf;fs;
(nkhj;jk; 40 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 02

(a) (i) nghUshjhunkhd;wpd; gpujhd nghUshjhu tsq;fisg; (economic resources)

gl;baypLf.
aypLf (02 Gs;spfs;)

(ii) re;ju;gg
; r; nryTf; (opportunity cost) Nfhl;ghl;bid cjhuzk; xd;Wld; tpgupf;Ff.
f
(03 Gs;spfs;)

(b) re;ijg; nghUshjhu Kiwikapd; gz;gpay;Gfs; (characteristics) Ie;jpidf; (05) Fwpg;gpLf.

(05 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)
4|Page
 tpdh 03

(a) ,yq;ifapd; epjp Kiwikapy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s epWtdq;fs; ,uz;bidf; (02) $Wf.

(02 Gs;spfs;)

(b) (i) “ehzaf; nfhs;if (monetary policy)” vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahnjd tpgupf;Ff.
(04 Gs;spfs;)

(ii) ehzaf; nfhs;ifapd; ehd;F (04) fUtpfisg; (Instruments) gl;baypLf. (04 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 04

(a) “gz epuk;gy; (supply of money)” vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahnjd tpgupf;Ff. (03 Gs;spfs;)

(b) (i) gztPff

; j;jpw;fhd ,uz;L (02) fhuzq;fisg; gl;baypLf. (02 Gs;spfs;)

(ii) gztPff
; tPjk; mjpfupg;gjd; fhuzkhf ,yq;if Nghd;w xU ehl;bw;F Vw;gLk;
jhf;fq;fs; Ie;jpidf; (05) Fwpg;gpLf. (05 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 05

xU tUl fhyj;jpw;fhd Njrpa tUkhdj;Jld; njhlu;Gila nghUshjhunkhd;wpd; gpd;tUk;

juTfs; cq;fSf;Fj; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
&gh (kpy;
(kpyy
; padpy;)
nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp (GDP) – fhuzpf; fpua tpiyapy; 3,250
Neupy; tupfs; 175
epfuf; fhuzp tUkhdk; - ntspehl;bypUe;J 250
%yjdj; Nja;khdk; 150
khdpaq;fs; 125
Vw;Wkjpfs; 320

ePqf
; s; nra;aNtz;bait :

gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; fzpf;Ff.

(a) (i) nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp (GDP) – re;ij tpiyapy; (03 Gs;spfs;)

(ii) nkhj;j Njrpa cw;gj;jp (GNP) – re;ij tpiyapy; (02 Gs;spfs;)

(iii) epfu Njrpa cw;gj;jp (NNP) – re;ij tpiyapy; (01 Gs;sp)

(b) xU ehL filg;gpbf;Fk; (adopted) gpujhd Ngupdg; nghUshjhu Nehf;fq;fs; ehd;fpidf; (04)
Fwpg;gpLf. (04 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)
gFjp B KbT
5|Page
 gFjp C
xU fl;lha tpdh
(nkhj;jk; 20 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 06

gaDWjpkpf;f xU nfhLf;fy; thq;fiy epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf thq;FgtUk; tpw;gtUk;

xUtNuhnlhUtu; ,iltpidahw;Wk; tha;gg; pidr; re;ij toq;FfpwJ. nghUl;fs;> Nritfspd;
Efu;tpd; Clhf thq;Fgtu;fs; mDgtpf;ff;$ba jpUg;jpapd; %yk; thq;Fgtu;fsJ elj;ij
ce;jg;gLfpwJ.

(A) (a) (i) cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; fpuaq;fs; njhlu;ghd “FWq;fhy Xl;lk; (short run)” kw;Wk;
“ePzl
; fhy Xl;lk; (long run)” Mfpatw;Wf;fpilNaahd NtWghl;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(04 Gs;spfs;)

(ii) FWq;fhy Xl;lj;jpy; epiwNghl;b epWtdk; xd;W jdJ ,yhgj;ij vt;thW

cr;rg;gLj;JfpwJ vd;gij tiunghd;wpd; cjtpAld; tpgupf;Ff.
f (05 Gs;spfs;)

(b) gz;lnkhd;wpd; gpd;tUk; Nfs;tp kw;Wk; epuk;gy; rkd;ghLfs; cq;fSf;Fj;

jug;gl;Ls;sd.
Qd = Nfs;tpf; fzpak;
Qd = 2,800 – 25p
Qs = epuk;gy; fzpak;
Qs = – 200 + 100p P = tpiy

(i) gz;lj;jpd; rkepiy tpiyapidf; (equilibrium price) fzpg;gpLf.

pLf (03 Gs;spfs;)

(ii) gz;lj;jpd; rkepiyf; fzpaj;ijf; (equilibrium quantity) fzpg;gpLf.

pLf (02 Gs;spfs;)

(B) ru;tNjr tu;jj

; fj;jpd; %d;W (03) mD$yq;fis tpgupf;Ff. (06 Gs;spfs;)

(nkhj;jk; 20 Gs;spfs;)

gFjp C KbT

6|Page
 nray; tpidr;nrhy; gl;bay;
mwpT kl;lk; tpidr;nrhy; gl;bay; tiutpyf;fzk; (nghUs; tiuaiw)
nghUs; tiuiw nra;f /
jd;ik> tpahgfk; my;yJ nghUs; gw;wp tpgupj;jy;
tiutpyf;fzk; nra;f (Define)
tiuf (Draw) tupg;glk; my;yJ tiuglk; tbtpy; tiue;J fhl;Ljy;
milahsq; fhz;f / fUj;jpw;nfhz;l gpd;du; njupe;J nfhs;sy; my;yJ njupT
,dq;fhz;f (Identify) nra;jy;
epuw;gLj;Jf / gl;baypLf (List) njhlu;Ggl;l cUg;gbfis xd;wpd; fPo; xd;whf vOJJy;
ju;f;f uPjpahf my;yJ fhuz uPjpahf njhlu;Gfis
njhlu;GgLj;Jf (Relate)
epiyehl;ly;
$Wf / Fwpg;gpLf (State) jpl;ltl;lkhf my;yJ njspthf njuptpj;jy;
kl;lk; 01 fzpf;Ff / fzpg;gpLf
fzpj uPjpahf fzpg;gl
P b
; id Nkw;nfhs;sy;
fpufpj;jy; (Calculate / Compute)
Kbnthd;wpid milAk; Nehf;fpy; NtWgl;l tplaq;fis
Kf;fpa jftiy Muha;f (Discuss)
tpthjj;jpd; %yk; tpgukhf Ma;T nra;jy;
Qhgfg;gLj;jp
cupa cz;ikfis ntspf;fhl;b> njspthd tptuzj;ij
tpgupj;jy; tpgupf;Ff (Explain)
tpgukhfj; njuptpj;jy;
nghUs; tpsf;Ff / fUj;Jf;
tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sf;$ba tifapy; njspTgLj;jy;
$Wf (Interpret)
mwpit my;yJ mit rhu;ej; mDgtj;jpidf; nfhz;L>
Vw;gpirT nra;jy; (Recognize) nry;Ygbj; jd;ikia my;yJ mjd; ,y;yhikiaf;
fhl;Ljy;
gjpT nra;f (Record) cupa gjpTfis tpupthfg; gjpT nra;jy;
njhFf;Ff / RUf;fj;ijj; jUf gpujhd tplaq;fspy; (cz;ikfs; my;yJ ngWkjpfs;)
(Summarize) RUf;fkhd $w;wpidj; jUjy;

mwpT kl;lk; tpidr;nrhy; gl;bay; tpidr;nrhy; tiutpyf;fzk;

gpuNahfpf;Ff
Ff (Apply) eilKiwg; gad;ghl;bw;Ff; nfhz;L tUjy;
kjpg;gpLf (Assess) ngWkjp> jd;ik> ,aYik my;yJ juj;jpidj; jPu;khdpj;jy;
kl;lk; 02 vLj;Jf; fhl;Lld; tpgupf;Ff
gpNahfpj;jy; tpNrlkhf cjhuzq;fSld; epWTjy;
(Demonstrate)

fw;wijf; nfhz;L tiuglj; jhspy; tiuf (Graph) tiuglk; xd;wpd; %yk; fhl;Ljy;
NtW xd;wpid jahupf;Ff (Prepare) Nfl;fg;gl;l tplaj;jpid cupa Kiwapy; ntspf;fhl;ly;
mwptjw;F mwpitg;
gad;gLj;Jjy; / Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; xOq;F gLj;Jjy; my;yJ
Kd;Dupikg;gLj;Jf (Prioritize)
tpdhf;fisj; jPuj
; j
; y; tupirg;gLj;Jjy;
fzf;fpzf;fk; nra;f /
Ntnwhd;Dld; ,zq;Fjiy xg;Gtpj;jy;
,zf;fk; nra;f (Reconcile)
jPuf
; F
; f (Solve) fzpg;gL
P my;yJ tpsf;fq;fspd; %yk; jPuT
; fhzy;

mwpT kl;lk; tpidr;nrhy; gl;bay; tpidr;nrhy; tiutpyf;fzk;

jPut
; pid my;yJ ntspg;ghl;bidj; njupe;J nfhs;Sk;
gFg;gha;T nra;f (Analyze)
Nehf;fpy; tpgukhf Ma;T nra;jy;
kl;lk; 03
gFg;gha;T xw;Wikfis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fpy; guPlr
; pj;jy; /
xg;gpLf (Compare)
Ma;T nra;jy;
vz;zq;fSf;F
,ilapy; Ntw;Wikfis mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fpy; guPlr
; pj;jy; /
NtWgLj;Jf (Contrast)
njhlu;Gfis Ma;T nra;jy;
Vw;gLj;jp xg;gpLjYk; Ngjg;gLj;Jf/tpj;
f tpj;jpahrg;gLj;Jf rpytw;iw NtWgLj;Jk; tpj;jpahrq;fisf; fhl;Ljy; /
NtWgLj;jYk; /
jpwe;j tpdhf;fisj; tifapLf (Differentiate)
/tifapLf tifg;gLj;jy;
jPuj
; ;jy; RUf;fkhff; fhl;Lf / Fwpg;gpLf Kf;fpa Fzhk;rq;fspd;/rpwg;gpay;Gfspd; njhFg;gpidj;
(Outline) jUjy;

7|Page