KOg; gjpg;GupikAilaJ.

,yq;if fzf;fl
P L
; j; njhopyE
; l;gtpayhsu; fofk;
kl;lk; I guPli
; r – 2021 A+iy
(104) tzpfr; #oy;
2021-10-31
(Business Environment) gpw;gfy;
• guPlr
; hu;jj
; pfSf;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;
s (ftdkhf thrpf;fTk;): [02.00 – 5.00]

(1) fhyk; : 03 kzpj;jpahyq;fs; gf;fq;fs; : 07

tpdhf;fs; : 06
(2) rfy tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
(3) toq;fg;gl;Ls;s tpilg; Gj;jfj;jpy; ePqf
; s; tpz;zg;gpj;j nkhop %yj;jpNyNa tpilfs;
vOjg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
(4) ePqf
; s; VNjDk; vLNfhs;fis Nkw;nfhz;bUg;gpd; mtw;iwj; njspthff; Fwpg;gplTk;.
(5) nray; tpidr; nrhw;fspd; nrt;it epuy; mtw;wpd; tiutpyf;
tiutpyf;fzq;fSld;
Sld ,izf;fg;
gl;Ls;sJ. OTQs jtpu;ej ; xt;nthU tpdhTk; xU nray; tpidr; nrhy;iy nfhz;Ls;sJ.
guPlr
; hu;jj
; pfs; nray; tpidr; nrhy; nrt;it epuypy; jug;gl;Ls;s tiutpyf;fzq;fspd;
mbg;gilapy; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
(6) 100 Gs;spfs;.

gFjp A
Nehf;fr; Nrhjid tpdhf;fs; (OTQs)
(nkhj;jk; 40 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 01
,y. 1.1 njhlf;fk; 1.10 tiuahd tpdhf;fSf;F kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupT nra;f.
njupT nra;ag;gl;l tpilapd; ,yf;fj;ij mjw;Fupa tpdh ,yf;fj;Jld; ckJ tpilg; Gj;jfj;jpy;
vOJf.

1.1 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; tpUg;gk; (want) xd;wpw;fhd cjhuzkhf miktJ vJ?

(1) czT (2) njhopy; ghJfhg;G (3) ciwAs; (4) Mil

1.2 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; $l;L Kaw;rp (Joint Venture) xd;wpd; mk;rkhf (feature) mikahjJ vJ?
(1) gjpT nra;tJ fl;lhakhdJ.
(2) ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l jug;gpdupd; gq;Fgw;wy;.

(3) ,J FWfpa fhy Nehf;fnkhd;wpw;fhf cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ.

(4) njhlu;ej
; paq;Fk; vz;zf;fU fhzg;glhJ.

1.3 jdpAlik tpahghunkhd;Wld; xg;gpLk;NghJ gq;Flik tpahghunkhd;wpd; tpNrl

mD$ykhf miktJ :

(1) fl;lhaf; fzf;fL

P . (2) tpiuthd jPuk
; hdnkLj;jy;.

(3) tiuaiwaw;w nghWg;G (4) ,lu; gfpu;T.

1.4 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Neub tpepNahf topKiw xd;whf miktJ vJ?

(1) cw;gj;jpahsu;  Efu;Nthu;.

(2) cw;gj;jpahsu;  rpy;yiw tpw;gidahsu; Efu;Nthu;.
(3) cw;gj;jpahsu; Kftu;  Efu;Nthu;.

(4) cw;gj;jpahsu;  nkhj;j tpw;gidahsu;  rpy;yiw tpw;gidahsu;  Efu;Nthu;.

1.5 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; fhNrhiynahd;Wf;F (gzk; toq;f) kWf;fg;gLtjw;fhd fhuzkhf

miktJ vJ?

(1) fzf;fpy; fhR ,y;yhjNghJ.

(2) fzf;F %lg;gl;bUf;Fk;NghJ.
(3) fhNrhiy tiugtu; tq;fpf; fzf;fpypUe;J nfhLg;gdT nra;tij epWj;jpAs;sNghJ

(4) NkYs;s midj;Jk;.

1.6 egu; xUtuhy; fhg;GWjp nra;a Kbahj tplaj;jpw;fhd Xu; cjhuzkhf miktJ :

(1) egu; xUtupd; MAs;.

(2) vjpu;fhyj;jpy; tpahghuj;jpy; Vw;glf;$ba fzf;fl

P L
; el;lq;fs;.
(3) ,iltopapy; cs;s fhR.
(4) tpgj;JfspypUe;J Vw;glf;$ba rhj;jpakhd ,lu;.

1.7 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Nritnahd;wpd; xU gz;ghff; fUjg;gLtJ vJ?

(1) njhl;lwpaf;$baJ.
(2) Nrkpf;ff;$baJ..

(3) cw;gj;jp nra;a mjpf ciog;G (labour) Njitg;gLfpwJ.

(4) Xupdj;jd;ikahdJ.

1.8 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; Nkw;ghu;it nra;ag;glhj epWtdk; vJ?

(1) Copau; Nrkyhg epjpak;. (2) cupkk; ngw;w tu;jj

; f tq;fp
(3) nfhOk;G gq;Fg; guptu;jj
; id epiyak; (4) Fj;jiff; fk;gdpfs;.

1.9 gpw;Njjpaplg;gl;l (postdated) fhNrhiy vd;gJ :

(1) vjpu;fhyj; jpfjpaplg;gl;L toq;fg;gLk; xU fhNrhiy MFk;.

(2) fle;jfhyj; jpfjpaplg;gl;L toq;fg;gLk; xU fhNrhiy MFk;.
(3) nry;Ygbf; fhyk; fhyhtjpahd xU fhNrhiy MFk;.

(4) nry;Ygbf; fhyk; vd;gNj ,y;yhj xU fhNrhiy MFk;.

2|Page
1.10 gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; r%f njhopy; Kaw;rpahz;ikia rupahf tpgupg;gJ vJ?

(1) r%f Kaw;rpahz;ik vd;gJ tzpf epWtdq;fspd; Copau;fshy; cUthf;fg;gLk;

Mf;fj;jpwd; (creativity) MFk;.

(2) r%f Kaw;rpahz;ik vd;gJ Gj;jhf;fq;fs; Clhf r%fj;jpw;F Nrit nra;tjpy;

<LgLtjhFk;.

(3) r%f Kaw;rpahz;ik vd;gJ #oy; gpur;rpidfs; kPjhd tpopg;Gzu;it

mjpfupg;gjpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;w xU Kaw;rpahz;ik eltbf;if MFk;.

(4) r%f Kaw;rpahz;ik vd;gJ cyfj;Jld; nghUs;fis tpahghuk; nra;tjpy;

<LgLtjhFk;.

,y. 1.11 njhlf;fk; 1.15 tiuahd gpd;tUk; xt;nthU $w;Wk; rupahdjh my;yJ jtwhdjh
vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpLf. njupTnra;ag;gl;l tpilia (rupahdJ / jtwhdJ) ckJ tpilg;Gj;jfj;jpy;
tpdh ,yf;fj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;L mjd; vjpNu vOJf.

1.11 xU Kiwrhu; mikg;ig> jdp egu;fspd; r%fj; njhopw;ghl;bd; tpisthf cUthf;fg;gLk;

kf;fs; FOnthd;whf tiuaWf;fyhk;.

1.12 mikg;gf tpjpfs; (Articles of Association) vd;gJ xU fk;gdpapd; nraw;ghLfSf;fhd

xOq;Ftpjpfisf; Fwpj;Jiuf;fpd;w gpujhd MtzkhFk;.

1.13 fhNrhiynahd;W FWf;Ff; Nfhblg;gbd;> mf;fhNrhiyiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;gtuhy; mjid

tq;fpapd; fUkgPlj;jpy; rku;gg
; pj;J NeubahfNt fhirg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

1.14 xU njhopy;Kaw;rpahsuhy; ,lu;fisf; rkhspf;f KbAk;.

1.15 mz;ikg; gzk; (near money) vd;gJ 100% jputj;jd;ik ehzaq;fisf; nfhz;l
gzkhFk;.

,y. 1.16 njhlf;fk; 1.20 tiuahd tpdhf;fSf;fhd tpilfis> ckJ tpilg;Gj;jfj;jpy;

tpdhtpd; ,yf;fj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;L mjw;F vjpNu vOJf.

1.16 2007 Mk; Mz;bd; 07 Mk; ,yf;f fk;gdpfs; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; $l;bizf;fg;glf;$ba
ntt;NtW tifahd ,uz;L (02) fk;gdpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

1.17 gzj;jpd; njhopw;ghLfspd; fPo; tUfpd;w “gupkhw;w Clfk; (medium of exchange)”

vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahnjd RUf;fkhf tpgupf;Ff.

1.18 fhNrhiynahd;wpy; gpw;Fwpg;gpLjy; (endorsement) vd;why; vd;d vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf

tpgupf;Ff.

1.19 ngz; njhopy; Kaw;rpahsu;fs; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; ,uz;L (02) rthy;fisg; gl;baypLf.

1.20 ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ,uz;L (02) gpujhd Nehf;fq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(02 Gs;spfs; tPjk;> nkhj;jk; 40 Gs;spfs;)
gFjp A KbT

3|Page
 gFjp B
(nkhj;jk; 40 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 02

COCO vd;gJ 2003 ,y; $l;bizf;fg;gl;l xU tiuaWf;fg;gl;l jdpahu; fk;gdp MFk;. COCO
INuhg;gpa re;ijf;F nfhg;guhj; Njq;fha;fis (cyu;ej
; Njq;fha;fs;) Vw;Wkjp nra;fpwJ.
jw;NghJ> COCO ,yq;ifapy; ehd;F ,lq;fspy; njhopw;rhiyfisf; nfhz;bUg;gJld; mjpy;
200 Ngu; Ntiy nra;fpd;wdu;. COCO ,d; jiyik mYtyfk; nfhOk;gpy; mike;Js;sJ.
jiyik mYtyfk; kw;Wk; njhopw;rhiyfs; Mfpatw;wpd; midj;Jj; nraw;ghLfSk; epWtd
tsj; jpl;lkply; (ERP) Kiwiknahd;wpd; Clhf ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

ePqf
; s; nra;aNtz;bait :

(a) tiuaWf;fg;gl;l jdpahu; fk;gdpnahd;wpd; ehd;F (04) mk;rq;fisf; (features) Fwpg;gpLf.

(04 Gs;spfs;)

(b) COCO, tiuaWf;fg;gl;l jdpahu; fk;gdpnahd;whf $l;bizf;fg;gLtjd; mD$yq;fs;

%d;iwf; (03) Fwpg;gpLf. (03 Gs;spfs;)

(c) Vw;Wkjp Nehf;fk; nfhz;l xU fk;gdp vd;w tifapy; COCO ,y; jfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;ghly;
njhopy;El;gq;fisg; (ICT) gad;gLj;Jtjd; mD$yq;fs; %d;iwf; (03) Fwpg;gpLf.
(03 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 03
SafeGlove vd;gJ ifAiwfs; jahupf;Fk; xU fk;gdpahFk;. mjd; cw;gj;jpj; njhopw;rhiyfs;
fl;Lehaf;fh Rje;jpu tu;j;jf tyaj;jpy; mike;Js;sd. SafeGlove fk;gdpapd; Vw;ghl;bay;
(logistics) Kfhikahsuhd n[dp>
n[dp> SafeGlove ,d; Vw;Wkjpr; nrad;Kiwg;gLj;jYf;Fg;
nghWg;ghf ,Uf;fpwhu;. VjhtJ fly;rhu; NguopTfs;> jpUl;Lfs; my;yJ jP mghaq;fspypUe;J
SafeGlove ,d; Mjdq;fisg; ghJfhg;gJ n[dp ,d; gzpg; nghWg;Gfspy; xd;whFk;. ,e;j
Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf> njhopw;rhiyfs;> fg;gy; Nghf;Ftuj;J epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; fhg;GWjp
Kftu;fSld; njhlu;rr
; pahd njhlu;ghly;fisAk; xUq;fpizg;igAk; n[dp Nkw;nfhs;s
Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ.

ePqf
; s; nra;a Ntz;bait :
(a) cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;L ehl;ljhuu;fSld; (stakeholders) njhlu;ghliy Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
NghJ> n[dp vjpu;Nehf;ff;$ba %d;W (03) jilfisg; (barriers) gl;baypLf. (03 Gs;spfs;)

(b) SafeGlove ,w;fhd %d;W (03) fhg;GWjp ed;ikfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (03 Gs;spfs;)

(c) VjhtJ ,uz;L (02) fhg;GWjpf; Nfhl;ghLfis tpgupf;Ff. (04 Gs;spfs;)

(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)
4|Page
 tpdh 04

la]; vd;gtu; ,yq;if tu;jj

; f rk;Nksdj;jpd; xU gzpg;ghsu; Mthu;. mtu; tptrhaj;
jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; elj;jg;gLfpd;w Ntiyg;gl;liw (workshop) xd;wpy; gpujhd ciunahd;iw
; tjw;fhf miof;fg;gl;Ls;shu;. ,e;j Ntiyg;gl;liwf;F Vwj;jho 100 rpwpa mstpyhd
epfo;jJ
krhyhg;nghUs; nrbfis tsu;gg
; tu;fs; miof;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. la];> ,yq;ifapy; fhzg;gLk;
Vw;Wkjpf;fhd rhj;jpaj;jd;ik> ru;tNjr tu;j;jf eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; tzpfq;fspy;
fhzg;gLfpd;w jw;Nghija Nghf;Ffs; vd;gd gw;wp ,e;jr; rpwpa mstpyhd krhyhg;nghUs;
nrbfis tsu;gg
; tu;fSf;F tpsf;fj; jpl;lkpl;Ls;shu;.

ePqf
; s; nra;a Ntz;bait :

(a) Vw;Wkjp Nehf;fj;Jld; krhyhr; nrbfis tsu;fF

; k; xUtu; gad;gLj;jf;$ba Nghf;Ftuj;J
topKiwfs; ,uz;bid (02) milahsq; fhz;f. (02 Gs;spfs;)

(b) jdJ cw;gj;jpfis INuhg;gpa re;ijf;F Vw;Wkjp nra;Ak; tpUg;gj;Jld; krhyhg;

nghUs;fisj; jahupf;Fk; xUtUf;F ,yj;jpudpay; tu;j;jfj;jhy; (E – Trade) fpilf;ff;$ba
ehd;F (04) ed;ikfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (04 Gs;spfs;)

(c) ntspehLfSf;F krhyhg; nghUs;fis Vw;Wkjp nra;Ak;NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,uz;L

(02) Kjd;ik Mtzq;fis (primary documents) tpgupf;Ff. (04 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 05

rkd; vd;gtu; njhopy;Kiw uPjpapy; xU nghwpapayhsuhf ,Ug;gJld; kuf;fwpfis

NrjdKiwapy; gapupLtjpYk; <Lgl;Ls;shu;. mtu; jdJ Nrjd kuf;fwp tpahghuj;ij 5 Mz;L
fSf;F Kd;du; xU jdpAlik tpahghukhf Muk;gpj;jpUe;jJld; jw;NghJ tpahghukhdJ rpwpa
kw;Wk; eLj;ju msT njhopy;Kaw;rp epWtdkhd (SME) tiuaWf;fg;gl;l jdpahu; fk;gdpahf
khw;wk; fz;Ls;sJ. rkd; jdJ tpahghuj;jpw;F mjpf %yjdj;ijj; jpul;Ltjw;fhf fk;gdpia
nfhOk;G gq;Fg; guptu;j;jid epiyaj;jpy; gl;bayplj; jpl;lkpl;Ls;shu;. rkd; mz;ikapy;
,yq;ifapd; kpfr; rpwe;j njhopy;Kaw;rpahsUf;fhd tpUnjhd;iw ntd;Ws;shu;.

ePqf
; s; nra;a Ntz;bait :

(a) xU njhopy; Kaw;rpahsUf;Fk; (entrepreneur) xU njhopyjpgUf;Fk; (business person)

,ilapyhd %d;W (03) NtWghLfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (03 Gs;spfs;)

(b) rkdpd; tpahghur; nraw;ghl;il SME xd;whf cau;jj

; f;$ba ,uz;L (02) topKiwfis
tpgupf;Ff. (04 Gs;spfs;)

(c) ehl;bd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;F %yjdr; re;ijapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpw;fhd %d;W (03)

fhuzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (03 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 10 Gs;spfs;)
gFjp B KbT
5|Page
 gFjp C
(nkhj;jk; 20 Gs;spfs;)

tpdh 06
`g;gp Rg;gu; vd;gJ ehL G+uhfTk; 300 ,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l tpw;gid epiyaq;fSld; ,yq;ifapy;
nraw;gLk; xU rpwg;gq;fhbr; rq;fpyp (supermarket chain) MFk;. tpiuthf tpw;gidahfpd;w
gy;NtW tu;j;jf ehkq;fisf; (brands) nfhz;l Efu;Tg; nghUl;fis (FMCG) tpw;gid
nra;tjw;F mg;ghy;. `g;gp Rg;gu; epWtdkhdJ `g;gp Rg;gu; vd;w jdJ nrhe;j tu;jj ; f
ehkj;jpd; fPohd nghUs;fisAk; tpw;gid nra;fpwJ. fha;fwpr; nra;ifahsu;fSk; ghy; nghUs;
jahupg;ghsu;fSk; jq;fSila Gjpa fha;fwpfisAk; ghy; nghUs;fisAk; mUfpYs;s `g;gp
Rg;gu; tpw;gid epiyaq;fSf;F tpw;gid nra;tij ,yFgLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; ,e;jr; rpwg;gq;fhbr;
rq;fpypapdhy; mz;ikapy; tiyaikg;nghd;W mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
ghy;g; nghUs; jahupg;ghsu;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fwpr; nra;ifahsu;fs; MfpNahUf;fhd
tiyaikg;ig cUthf;Ffpd;w `g;gp Rg;gupd; ,r;nraw;wpl;lk; Muk;gj;jpy; nkhzuhfiy
khtl;lj;jpy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jr; nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk;> Nghf;Ftuj;jpd;NghJ
nghUl;fSf;F Vw;glf;$ba tPzt ; puaq;fisf; Fiwj;jy; kw;Wk; ,ilj;jufu;fshy; <l;lg;gLfpd;w
juFg;gzj;ij ,y;yhkw; nra;jy; Mfpatw;wpd; Clhf rpwpa mstpyhd fha;fwpr; nra;ifahsu;
fspdJk; ghy; nghUs; cw;gj;jpahsu;fspdJk; tUkhdj;ij cau;jJ ; tij cWjpg;gLj;JtjhFk;.
`g;gp Rg;gu; MdJ fha;fwpr; nra;ifahsu;fsplkpUe;Jk; ghy;g; nghUl;fs; jahupg;ghsu;
fsplkpUe;Jk; mtu;fSila cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhf mtu;fSila
,lj;jpw;Nf nrd;W thq;Ftjw;fhd thfd mzp xd;iw Vw;ghL nra;jpUf;fpwJ. ,e;j Vw;ghlhdJ
rpwpa mstpyhd fha;fwpr; nra;ifahsu;fSk; ghy;g; nghUs; jahupg;ghsu;fSk; cau;
tUkhdj;ij <l;Ltij cWjp nra;fpwJ. ,e;jr; nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; njhlf;f ntw;wpahdJ
Etnuypah> fz;b kw;Wk; khj;jis cs;spl;l Vida khtl;lq;fSf;Fk; mjid
tpupthf;Ftjw;fhd rkpf;iQia `g;gp Rg;gupd; Kfhikf;F toq;fpapUe;jJ. jw;NghJ> `g;gp
Rg;gu; MdJ ehL G+uhfTk; 800 rpwpa mstpyhd fha;fwpr; nra;ifahsu;fs; kw;Wk; ghy; nghUs;
jahupg;ghsu;fisf; nfhz;l tiyaikg;nghd;iwf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
`g;gp Rg;gupd; KfhikahdJ> fk;gdpapd; xU epWtd r%fg; nghWg;Glik (CSR) nraw;wpl;lkhf
nkhzuhfiyapy; cs;s NrjdKiw fha;fwpr; nra;ifahsu;fSf;F ,ytrkhf Nrjdg;
grisia (Nrjd cuk;) toq;FtJ Fwpj;J jw;NghJ ftdk; nrYj;JfpwJ. ,e;j CSR
nraw;wpl;lj;jpw;fhd Nrjdg; grisiaj; jahupg;gjw;F jkJ tpw;gid epiyaq;fspy; ,Ue;J
fpilf;Fk; Nrjdf; fopTfisg; gad;gLj;j `g;gp Rg;gu; jpl;lkpLfpwJ. mjd; fha;fwpr;
nra;ifahsu;fSf;F Nrjdg; grisia toq;Ftjw;F mg;ghy;> `g;gp Rg;gu; MdJ Nguhjidg;
gy;fiyf;fof tptrha JiwAldhd ifj;njhopy; xd;wpizT Clhf me;j fha;fwpr;
nra;ifahsu;fSf;Fj; Njitahd njhopy;El;g mwpit toq;Ftjw;Fk; vjpu;ghu;ff
; pwJ.

ePqf
; s; nra;a Ntz;bait :
(a) ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; nghUshjhu Nehf;fq;fis mile;J nfhs;tjpy; `g;gp Rg;gupd;
gq;fspg;ig tpgupf;Ff. (05 Gs;spfs;)
(b) PESTEL gFg;gha;itg; gad;gLj;jp `g;gp Rg;gupd; tzpfr; #oiy kjpg;gpLf. (06 Gs;spfs;)
(c) NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l CSR nraw;wpl;lj;ijj; njhlq;Ftjd; %yk; `g;gp Rg;gUf;F
fpilf;ff;$ba %d;W (03) ed;ikfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (03 Gs;spfs;)
(d) `g;gp Rg;gu; Rw;whly;rhu; epiyNgw;Wj; jd;ikia Nehf;fpa mjdJ tzpf uPjpahd ftdf;
Ftpg;ig topg;gLj;jf;$ba ,uz;L (02) topKiwfis tpgupf;Ff. (04 Gs;spfs;)
(e) njhopy; Kaw;rpahsu; xUtUf;Fj; Njitg;gLk; ,uz;L (02) njhopy; Kaw;rpahz;ikj;
jpwd;fisf; (Entrepreneurship skills) Fwpg;gpLf. (02 Gs;spfs;)
(nkhj;jk; 20 Gs;spfs;)
gFjp C KbT
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 nray; tpidr;nrhy; nrt;it epuy;
Mw;wy; kl;lk; tpguk; nray; tpidr;nrhy; tpidr;nrhy; tiutpyf;fzk;
tiuf (Draw) tiuglk; my;yJ tupg;glnkhd;iwr; rku;g;gpj;jy;
ju;ff; uPjpahf my;yJ fhuzuPjpahf
njhlu;GgLj;Jf (Relate) njhlu;Gfisj; jhgpj;jy;
tplaq;fisAk;
jpl;ltl;lkhf my;yJ njspthf tpguq;fis
mwpT (1) mbg;gil $Wf/
$Wf Fwpg;gpLf(State)
pLf ntspg;gLj;jy;
vz;zf; milahsq;fhz;f / fUj;jpw;nfhz;l gpd;du; Vw;gpirT nra;jy;>
fUf;fisAk; ,dq;fhz;f (Identify) jhgpj;jy; my;yJ njupTnra;jy;
Qhgfg;gLj;jy; epuw;gLj;Jf / gl;baypLf njhlu;Ggl;l cUg;gbfis xd;wd;fo
P ; xd;whf
(List) vOJjy;

Mw;wy; kl;lk; tpguk; nray; tpidr;nrhy; tpidr;nrhy; tiutpyf;fzk;

mwpT my;yJ #o;epiy mDgtj;ijg;
Vw;gpirT nra;f (Recognize) gad;gLj;jp nry;Ygbj;jd;ikia my;yJ mjd;
,ayhikiaf; fhl;Ljy;
Nahridfs;
nghUs; tpsf;Ff / tpsq;ff;$ba my;yJ gupr;rakhd gjq;fspy;
Kw;wlf;fk; kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;$Wf(Interpret)
Wf njspTgLj;jy;
(2) jfty;fis
tpsf;Ff (Describe) gpujhd mk;rq;fis vOJjYk; njhlu;ghLjYk;
tpgupj;jYk;
cupa tplaq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp njspthd
njspTgLj;jYk; tpgupf;Ff (Explain) tptuzj;ij tpgukhfj; njuptpj;jy;
nghUs; tiuaiw nra;f / rupahd jd;ik> Nehf;F my;yJ nghUisj;
tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;Jf(Define)
f jUjy;

Mw;wy; kl;lk; tpguk; nray; tpidr;nrhy; tpidr;nrhy; tiutpyf;fzk;

fzf;fpzf;fk; nra;f / Ntnwhd;Wld; xj;jpUg;gij / nghUe;jpapUg;gij
,zf;fk;1nra;f(Reconcile) xg;Gtpj;jy;

tiuf (Graph) tiuGfs; %yk; Fwpj;Jf;fhl;Ljy;

ngWkjp> jd;ik> ,aYik my;yJ juj;jpidj;
kjpg;gpLf (Assess) jPuk
; hdpj;jy;
Gjpa
#o;epiyfspy; fzpg;gLP fs; my;yJ tpsf;fq;fs; Clhf jPu;itf;
gpuNahfk; (3) jPuf
; F
; f (Solve) fz;Lgpbj;jy;
mwpitg;
Fwpj;j Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf cupa Kiwapy;
gad;gLj;jYk; jahupf;Ff (Prepare) jahu;gLj;jy;
gpd;gw;wYk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tptupf;Ff cjhuzq;fSld; epWTjy; my;yJ
(Demonstrate) ntspf;fhl;ly;

fzpf;Ff / fzpg;gpLf fzpjuPjpahd fzpg;gl

P L
; ld; fz;lwpjy; my;yJ
(Calculate) fzpj;jy;

gpuNahfpf;Ff (Apply) eilKiwg; gad;ghl;bw;Ff; nfhz;LtUjy;

Mw;wy; kl;lk; tpguk; nray; tpidr;nrhy; tpidr;nrhy; tiutpyf;fzk;

njhlu;ghLf(Communicate)
hLf jfty;fisg; gfpu;jy; my;yJ gupkhWjy;
RUf;fkhff1Fwpg;
khff Fwpg;gpLf(Outline)
pLf Kf;fpa mk;rq;fspd; njhFg;gpidj; jUjy;
NahridfSf;
NtWgLj;Jf (Contrast) NtWghLfisf; fhl;Ltjw;fhf Ma;Tnra;jy;
fpilapyhd
gFg;gha;T
njhlu;Gfis xg;gpLf (Compare) xw;Wikfis mwptjw;fhf Ma;Tnra;jy;
(4)
vOJjYk; fye;jha;T nra;f / Muha;f
tpthjpg;Gfs; %yk; tpgukhf Ma;Tnra;jy;
gpurpdq;fisj; (Discuss)
jPu;j;jYk; tpj;jpahrg;gLj;Jf / tifapLf rpytw;iw NtWgLj;Jfpd;w tpj;jpahrq;fisf;
(Differentiate) fhl;Ljy;
jPu;tpid my;yJ Ngwpid fz;Lgpbg;gjw;fhf
gFg;gha;T nra;f (Analyze) tpgukhf Ma;Tnra;jy;

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