See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/322854603

TOPICS IN GEOGRAPHY

Presentation · February 2018

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14089.75363

CITATIONS READS
0 4,075

1 author:

A. Balasubramanian
University of Mysore
354 PUBLICATIONS   346 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Ecological Modeling of Dalavoy Lake in Mysore City, Karnataka, India View project

Geochemical Modelling of Groundwater for Prevention of Incrustation in the Water Supply Systems of Salem, Tamil Nadu, India View project

All content following this page was uploaded by A. Balasubramanian on 01 February 2018.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 TOPICS IN GEOGRAPHY

by

Prof. A. Balasubramanian
Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Science
University of Mysore
Mysore, India

1
 POPULAR COURSES IN GEOGRAPHY

PAPER TITLE OF THE PAPER /COURSE NO OF

LESSONS
1. INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY 40
2. GEOMORPHOLOGY 40
3. CLIMATOLOGY & OCEANOGRAPHY 40
4. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY 40
5. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT 40
6. BIOGEOGRAPHY 40
7. POPULATION GEOGRAPHY 40
8. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 40
9. SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY 40
10. GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA 40
11. CARTOGRAPHY 40
12. ADVANCED CARTOGRAPHY & GIS 40
13. HUMAN & POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY 40
14. WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY 40
15. REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA 40
16. AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY 40
17. APPLIED GEOGRAPHY 40
TOTAL 680

2
Subject : Geography
Level : Under Graduate
COURSE 1 : INTRODUCTION TO COURSE 2 : GEOMORPHOLOGY
GEOGRAPHY
Topic
Sl. Topic
No. 1. Introduction to Physical Geography
1. Introduction to Geography 2. Physical Geography and Earth Sciences
2. Nature & Scope of Geography 3. Outline of Geomorphology
3. Geography and other disciplines 4. Geological Time Scale
4. Geography as study of Environment 5. Earth’s Interior
5. Man-environment relationship 6. Continental Drift
6. Ecology and Geography 7. Plate Tectonics
7. Ecosystems-Terrestrial 8. Earth Movements
8. Ecosystems-Freshwater 9. Isostacy
9. Ecosystems-Marine 10. Earthquakes
10. Environmental Determinism 11. Volcanoes
11. Dualism in Geography 12. Great Rock Families
12. Branches of Geography 13. Mineral Kingdom
13. Geographic Methodologies 14. Weathering
14. Cartographic Methods 15. Mass-wasting
15. Mapping Techniques 16. Formation of Regolith and Soils
16. Quantitative Statistical Methods 17. Rocks and Relief
17. Geographic Field Work 18. Geomorphic Agents and Processes
18. Preparation of Maps 19. Erosion, Transportation & Deposition
19. Instrumental Surveys 20. Evolution of Landscapes
20. Modern Techniques in Geography 21. Concept of Cycle of Erosion
21. Aerial Photography 22. Fluvial Landforms
22. Remote Sensing and Geography 23. Aeolian Landforms
23. Computer Cartography 24. Glacial Landforms
24. Perspectives in Geography 25. Coastal Landforms
25. Recent Trends in Geography 26. Karst Topography
26. Careers in Geography 27. Applications of Geomorphology
27. Computer Applications in Geography 28. Drainage Patterns
28. Natural Hazards 29. Landslides
29. Satellite Images 30. Global Relief Features
30. Geographic Information Systems 31. Crustal Deformation Processes
31. Concepts of state, nation, and nation-state 32. Lakes
32. Regions of industrial concentration 33. Geomorphic Slopes
33. Areas of employment and functional 34. Global Earth Quakes
specialization 35. Geysers and Hot Springs
34. Territorial morphology 36. Types of Streams
35. World great geographers 37. River Basins
36. Phenomenology and geography 38. Quantitative Geomorphology
37. Idealism and geography 39. Mountain Types
38. Regional concept in geography 40. Causes of Floods
39. Recent trends in geography
40. Theory of categorization

3
 COURSE 03. CLIMATOLOGY & COURSE 4 : ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
OCEANOGRAPHY Sl. Topic
Sl. Topic No.
No. 1. Outline of Economic Geography
1. Climatology -an outline 2. Classification of Economies
2. Earth’s Atmosphere 3. Sectors of Economy
3. Weather and Climate 4. Impact of Economic Activities on
4. Insolation and Heat Balance Environment
5. Atmospheric Temperature 5. Natural Resources –An overview
6. Atmospheric Moisture & Humidity 6. Classification of Resources
7. Atmospheric Pressure and Winds 7. Conservation of Resources
8. Clouds, their origin and types 8. Soil Resources
9. Precipitation 9. Water Resources
10. Air Masses and Fronts 10. Forest Resources
11. Hydrologic Cycle 11. Mineral Resources
12. World Patterns of Rainfall 12. Energy Resources
13. Atmospheric Disturbances 13. Human Resources
14. Koppan’s Climatic Classification 14. Economic Activities
15. Thornthwaites Climatic Classification 15. Primary Occupations
16. Role of Climate in Human life 16. Livestock Raising
17. Atmospheric Pollution 17. Fisheries
18. Global Warming 18. Agriculture Types
19. Greenhouse Effect 19. Major Food Crops
20. Weather Forecasting 20. Major Cash Crops
21. Oceanography -an outline 21. Minerals and Industries
22. Physical Oceanography 22. Iron and Steel Industries
23. Biological Oceanography 23. Textile Industries
24. Origin of Ocean Basins 24. Classification of Industries
25. The World’s Oceans 25. Engineering Industries
26. Ocean Morphology and Relief 26. Chemical Industries
27. Oceanic Trenches 27. Transport Systems
28. Mid Ocean Ridges 28. Geography of International Business
29. Seamounts 29. Cities and Commercial Activities
30. Giant Submarine Canyons 30. WTO
31. Properties of Seawater 31. Globalization and its Effect
32. Ocean Water Circulation 32. Trade and Transport
33. Ocean Currents and Tides 33. Industrial Revolution
34. Ocean Temperature and Salinity 34. Green Revolution
35. Ocean Deposits 35. Geography of Agriculture
36. Coral Reefs and Atolls 36. Petroleum and Natural Gas
37. The Pacific Ocean 37. Manufacturing Theories
38. The Atlantic Ocean 38. The Electrics Age
39. The Indian Ocean 39. Ribbon Corridors
40. Oceanographic Explorations 40. Dairying and Mixed Farming

4
 COURSE 6 : BIO GEOGRAPHY
Sl. Topic
COURSE 5 : RESOURCES AND No.
ENVIRONMENT 1. Scope of Biogeography
Sl. Topic 2. Basic Ecological Principles
No. 3. Bioenergy Cycle
1. Earth’s Resources 4. Energy budget of the Earth
2. Classification of Resources 5. Trophic levels
3. Resources and Environmental Interface 6. Food Chain
4. Water Resources 7. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
5. Mineral Resources 8. Concepts of Biomes
6. Energy Resources 9. Ecotone and Communities
7. Forest Resources 10. Origin of Fauna and Flora
8. Fisheries 11. Major Gene Centres
9. Soil Resources 12. Domestication of Life
10. Human Resources 13. Global Distribution of Plants
11. Population Pressure on Resources 14. Global distribution of Animals
12. Classification of Environments 15. Biodiversity
13. Man-Environment Inter relations 16. Human induced Community Change
14. Exploitation of Natural Resources 17. Habitat Decay
15. Environmental Hazards 18. Habitat Conservation
16. Emerging Environmental issues 19. Environmental Impacts
17. Water use and Consumption 20. History of Biogeography
18. Water Conservation 21. Biogeographic Processes
19. Soil Erosion and control 22. Evolutionary History of Lineages
20. Global Biodiversity 23. Ecological Biogeography
21. Conservation of Biodiversity 24. Geography of Communities
22. Endangered Species 25. Species Dispersal and Immigration
23. Growth of Population 26. Glacial Cycles and Extinctions
24. Population Explosion 27. Geography of Diversification
25. Agriculture and Food Security 28. Endemism and Cosmopolitanism
26. Deforestation 29. Island Biogeography
27. Sustainable Development 30. The Geographic Range
28. Global Warming and Climate Change 31. History of biogeography
29. Energy Crisis 32. Phytogeography.
30. Depletion of Natural Resources 33. Zoogeography
31. Environmental conventions 34. Phylogeography
32. Earth Summits 35. Marine geography
33. Conserving Natural Energy 36. Geographic distribution of agriculture
34. Green Energy Technologies 37. Geographical distribution of Fungi
35. Green Buildings 38. Physical conditions on species genesis.
36. Indoor Air-quality 39. Ecogeographic rules
37. Automobile Emission tests 40. Glaciation and biogeographic responses
38. Chemical and Biological Warfare
39. Radiation Hazards
40. Industrial Safety

5
 COURSE 8 : HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
Sl. Topic
No.
1. Nature and Scope of Human Geography
COURSE 7 : POPULATION GEOGRAPHY 2. Branches of Human Geography
Sl. Topic 3. Man-environment Relationships
No. 4. Dichotomy in Human Geography
1. Nature and Scope of Population Geography 5. Life-Style of Mankind
2. Sources of Population Data 6. Division of Mankind
3. Population Distribution Patterns 7. Human Races in the World
4. Population Density 8. Human Races in India
5. Growth of Population 9. Economic Activities of Mankind
6. Population Growth in India 10. Human Adaptation to Environment
7. Determinants of Population Patterns 11. Adaptation in Modern Society
8. Composition of Population 12. Population Growth
9. Age and Sex Composition 13. World Population Patterns
10. Rural –Urban Composition 14. Population (Types of
11. Economic Composition 15. Zero Population Growth
12. Population Determinants 16. Migration of Population
13. World Population Patterns 17. Population Conflict
14. Composition of Population in India 18. Population Theories
15. Literacy 19. Population Regions of India
16. Marital Status 20. Problem of over Population
17. Fertility 21. Population Policies
18. Migration 22. Population Programmes
19. Population Theories 23. Tribal Population in India
20. Population Policies 24. Human Settlements
21. Population –Development and Environment 25. Rural Settlements
22. Mortality and Life Table 26. Urbanization
23. Infant Mortality Rate 27. Human Resource Regions
24. Migration Streams 28. Environmental Degradation
25. Inter-state Migration 29. Socio-cultural Determinism
26. Demographic Transition 30. Classification of Indian Races
27. World Migration Patterns 31. People of cold region
28. Consequences of Migration 32. People of Plateaus
29. Population Profile 33. People of Mountains
30. Human Development Index 34. Controlling Population related problems
31. Quality of Life Index 35. Adaptation in hazardous zones
32. Rural Population Structure 36. Population Density
33. Urban Population Structure 37. Migration Pattern
34. Gross National Product (GNP) 38. Consequences of Migration
35. Child Dependency ratio 39. Controlling Population Growth
36. Age-Sex Pyramid (Population Pyramid) 40. Human Cultural Realms
37. Urban-Rural Shift
38. Poverty, economic inequality and growth
39. Women's empowerment in India:
40. Population vs. economic development

6
 COURSE 9 : SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY COURSE 10 : GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
Sl. Topic Sl. Topic
No. No.
1. Settlement Geography-An outline 1. India in Asia
2. Scope of Settlement Geography 2. India a Land of Diversities
3. Human Settlement Systems 3. Physiographic Divisions of India
4. Origin and Growth of Settlements 4. Drainage Systems of India
5. Approaches to Human Settlements 5. Indian Geological Structures
6. Rural Settlements 6. Climate of India
7. Ecology, Habitat and Settlements 7. Natural Vegetation in India
8. History of Settlements 8. Soil Groups of India
9. Settlement Site and Structure 9. Climatic Regions of India
10. Settlement Types 10. Mineral Resources of India
11. Settlement Patterns 11. Irrigation and Power in India
12. Distribution Patter of Settlements 12. Population in India
13. Spacing of Settlements 13. Composition of Indian Population
14. Hierarchy of Settlements 14. Patterns of Population
15. Dispersion of Settlements 15. Migration Patterns in India
16. Morphology of Settlements 16. Consequences of Migration
17. Spatial Organization 17. Rural Settlements in India
18. Shape Analysis 18. Urbanization in India
19. Rural Dwellings 19. Indicators of Human Development
20. Rural Service Centres 20. Water Resources in India
21. Central Place Theory 21. Indian Irrigation Systems
22. Rural Market Centres 22. Multipurpose Projects
23. Village as a Social Unit 23. Livestock in India
24. Settlement –environment Relationship 24. Fisheries in India
25. Settlement Policies 25. Land Utilization in India
26. Emergence of Urban Settlements 26. Agriculture in India
27. India’s Urban Future 27. Green Revolution
28. House types and building Materials 28. Major Crops in India
29. Population and Human Settlements 29. Energy Resources in India
30. Locational Models 30. Indian Manufacturing Industries
31. Ecological basis of planning 31. Transport in India
32. House types 32. India’s Foreign Trade
33. World urbanization 33. Tourism in India
34. Indian urban process 34. Wildlife in India
35. Morphology of Indian cities 35. Industrial Regions in India
36. Classification of Towns 36. Regional Planning in India
37. Urban and Rural Planning 37. Urban Planning in India
38. Small Towns in India 38. India’s Political Divisions
39. Metropolises and growth poles 39. Hazard Prone Areas in India
40. Urban problems 40. Role of India in World’s Affairs

7
 COURSE 11 : CARTOGRAPHY COURSE 12 : ADVANCED CARTOGRAPHY &
Sl. Topic GIS
No. Sl. Topic
1. Nature and scope of cartography. No.
2. History of map making 1. The Earth’s coordinate system
3. Types of maps and classes of maps
4. Properties of maps- 2. Map design and layout concept of base map,
5. Cartographic Signs and Symbols Map Scale
6. Terrain Evaluation 3. Mapping: Quantitative, Qualitative
7. Indian Topo sheets
8. Contours reflecting Landforms 4. cholopleth and isopleth maps.
9. Drawing of profiles and 5. Map projections:
Depicting Relief on Maps 6. Classification and choice of map
10. Mapping Climatic data projections
7. Cylindrical projection
11. Isotherms, 8. Conical projections
12. Isobars 9. Zenithal projections
13. Isohyets 10. Conventional projections
14. Climograph and hythergraph - 11. Projections suitable for maps of India.
15. Weather maps of India 12. Data products-
13. Application of computer in cartography-
16. Interpretation of Weather Maps 14. Cartography and GIS.
17. Topographical maps 15. Basics of map-making
18. Bathymetric Charts and contours 16. Symbolization
19. Cartographic appreciation 17. Map Visualisation
20. Interpreting Topo-sheets 18. Determination of scale
Map (Topomap) Interpretation 19. Compilation of maps
21. Types of cartographic symbols 20. Kinds of symbols & visual perceptions
1. Located Diagrams on Maps 21. Indian topo sheet index
2. Isopleth, Choropleth 22. Survey of India
22. Use of line and bar-graphs 23. National Atlas and mapping Organisation
23. Population Maps 24. Technology and its application in
24. Mapping Land-use categories Cartography:
25. Mapping cropping patterns 25. Generating cartographic data from aerial
26. Mapping industries photographs and remote sensing
27. Mapping Transport networks 26. Aerial photos and satellite data
28. Data analysis and mapping 27. DEMs
29. Scatter diagrams 28. GIS
30. Basic principles of land surveying 29. GPS
31. Indian Clinometer 30. Geospatial data types
32. Dumpy level and (vi) Plane Table 31. Attribute data types
surveying (three point problem). 32. Digitization of map data
33. Families of Map Projections: 33. Layers and data models
34. Drawing graticules
35. Simple Cylindrical projections 34. GIS databases
36. Cylindrical Equal Area Projection 35. Spatial data integration
37. Conical Projection with one standard 36. Buffering and zoning
parallel 37. GIS data analysis
38. Conical projection with two standard 38. Statistical modelling
parallels. 39. Thematic maps
39. Field work for cartography 40. Future of cartography
40. Field Report in cartography
8
 COURSE 14 : WORLD REGIONAL
COURSE 13 : HUMAN & POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
GEOGRAPHY Sl. Topic
Sl. Topic No.
No. 1. Asia in the context of the world
1. Introduction to Human Geography. 2. Regional studies of South, South East, East
2. Man-environment relationship West and Central Asia.
3. Dichotomy in Geography 3. Europe in the context of Asia and Africa.
4. Primitive life-style of mankind 4. Regional studies of British Isles
5. Division of Mankind 5. New South Wales
6. Global Distribution of Mankind 6. North Ireland,
7. Early economic activities 7. European Union
8. Human Adaptation to environment 8. Eastern Europe Realm
9. Regions of recurrent floods, droughts and 9. North & South America in the context of the
other natural hazards; Atlantic and Pacific rim States.
10. Adaptation in modern society 10. Regional Studies of N- America, New England,
11. Distribution of population; 11. South America,
12. World Population distribution pattern 12. Brazil
13. Concepts of over population 13. Australia in the context of Polynesia,
14. Demographic Transition 14. Detailed regional studies of Australia,
15. Migration—internal and international. 15. Contemporary issues in world geography
16. Population conflicts 16. Globalization
17. Population theories 17. UN Environment programmes (UNEP)
18. Populated regions of India 18. Population, environment and Resources
19. Problem of over population of India 19. UN Development Programmes
20. Population programmes and policy of India. 20. W.T.O. and World Summit
21. Introduction to Political Geography 21. Basics of regionalization in Geography
22. Approaches to study Political geography 22. Determinants and world regions.
23. Emergence of States 23. Physical, economic and demographic
24. State as a politico-territorial phenomenon characteristics of the continent of Europe.
25. Political and administrative framework 24. Natural and Cultural regions
26. -Boundaries and frontiers. 25. Physical Resources
27. Spatial Administration structures 26. Human Resources
28. Functions and classification of international 27. Economic Resources
boundaries. 28. Energy Resources
29. Changing nature of location, size and shape in 29. Mineral resources
political geography of States 30. Forest Resources
30. Global strategic view points 31. Water resources
Part-1 32. Regions in a globalized world with special
31. Part-2 reference to environmental problems arising
32. Underdevelopment and international policies 33. South Asian Countries
33. The SAARC 34. Chile Peru. Micronesia and South Asia; New
34. International tensions; Zealand , Pacific Islands
35. West Asia, and Indian Ocean region 35. A survey of systematic grouping of countries
36. Regionalism in International relations. East Asia, South Asia, South-East Asia, West
37. Geopolitical dimensions of environment Asia
38. ASEAN 36. European Union, E-Europe, Central Asia,
39. New International Economic order; 37. Sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa,
40. identification of tension areas and factors 38. North America, Latin America, South America,
contributing to tension in different areas; 39. Pacifc Islands, Oceania
40. Sustainable development.

9
 COURSE 15 : REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF 39. Settlement hierarchy by social facilities and
INDIA amenities
Sl. Topic 40. Economic activities and their space-relations
No. problems
1. Basis of regionalization
2. Types of regions COURSE 16 : AGRICULTURAL
3. Natural/Physical REGIONS GEOGRAPHY
4. Political: New States of India Sl. Topic
5. Meso-Regions: No.
6. Macro-Regions: 1. Agricultural geography-an outline.
7. Cultural Regions 2. Approaches to agricultural geography
8. Regions and regional development 3. Origin and dispersal of agriculture
9. Urban/Metropolitan Regions 4. Physical factors and agriculture
10. Micro-Regions 5. Socio-economic factors of agriculture
11. Indo-gangetic plain 6. Land holding and land tenure systems
12. Regional development strategies 7. Land reforms, land use policy and planning.
13. concentration vs. dispersal. 8. Agricultural systems of the world
14. Plans of developed and developing countries 9. Horticulture in India
15. Regional plans of India 10. Agriculture marketing in India
16. Special purpose regions. 11. Diversification and specialzation
17. limitations for application to regional 12. Crop efficiency and productivity
planning and development 13. crop combination regions and agricultural
18. Case- studies of Meso/Micro level regions in development.
detail (one from each of the divisions): 14. Green Revolution - its impact and
19. Region in the context of globalization consequences.
20. Sites of human settlements and transport 15. Role of irrigation
routes 16. Fertilizers
21. concept of space, area and locational 17. Food security, drought and food security
attributes. 18. Food deficit and food surplus regions;
22. Coastal India nutritional index.
23. Population-development environment 19. Agricultural Policy
interface 20. Environmental degradation
24. Union territories; 21. Theories of agricultural location based on
25. economic and interlinkages; several multi-dimensioned factors:
26. population-development environment 22. Von Thunen’s theory of agricultural location
interface and its recent modifications
27. Policies & Programmes. 23. Whittlesey’s classification of agricultural
28. Environmental issues in regional regions
development and planning. 24. Land use and land capability.
29. Delhi Metropolitan Region 25. Agricultural statistics and sampling
30. KOLKATTA Metropolitan Region 26. Land use and shifting cropping pattern.
31. MUMBAI Metropolitan Region in India.
32. Bundelkhand, Mewat. 27. Regional pattern of productivity in India.
33. Jharkhand, Uttaranchal, Chhatisgarh; 28. Green Revolution, White Revolution,
34. Sundarbans Delta 29. Contemporary Issues
35. Locations of economic activities; types of 30. Food
industries large scale industries 31. Nutrition and health
36. medium scale industries 32. Eradication of hunger
37. small scale industries 33. Food aid programmes
38. Relationship to the resource based and 34. Technological know-how.
footlose industries. 35. Employment in the agricultural sector:
36. Insecticides and pesticides
10
37. Landless labourers, woman, children 38. Administrative system - the world pattern.
38. Occupational health and agricultural 39. Geography of Public policy
activities. 40. Geography of public finance
39. Specific problems in Indian agriculture and
their management and planning
40. Indian Agriculture reports

COURSE 17 : APPLIED GEOGRAPHY

Sl. Topic
No
1. Applied geography-an outline
2. Identification of problems of
Interdisciplinary nature
3. Issues related to variations in physical
environment
4. Environmental degradation
5. Environmental disaster
6. Environmental management.
7. Issues related to human resources
8. Carrying capacity of the earth;
9. Human resource use and manpower planning.
10. Issues related to economy
11. Spatial inequalities
12. Environment and sustainable development
13. Policies related to planning in India
14. Variations in land quality
15. Social and demographic issues
16. Spatial organization of economic activities
17. Environment resource base
18. Diversity and disparity
19. Administrative Geography:
20. Cultural geography
21. Geography of transport
22. Geography of tourism
23. Geography of water resources
24. Geography of manufacturing
25. Geography of health
26. Geography of energy
27. Geography of central places
28. Gender geography
29. Commercial Geography
30. Emerging urban patterns
31. State Re-organisation
32. Divisional administrations in states
33. Rethinking of election geography
34. Administrative Geography of select Countries
35. Area Administration: - formulation,
implementation and impact; - revenue,
expenditure and balance
36. Concept of Multi-level planning in India
37. Decentralised planning; Panchayati Raj
11

View publication stats