Anthropological Foundation of Education

(Sociological Foundation of Education –

Historical Development)

Prepared by:
LIANA M. DE LEON
Auguste Comte
(1798 – 1857)
 A French Positivist Philosopher who coined the term
Sociology.
 He proposed new pattern of Spiritual order departing from
the outdated supernaturalism and Christian Theology

Emile Durkheim
(1858 – 1917)
 A French al scientist and considered as the founder of
French school of Sociology.
 Gave strong emphasis toward ethical and educational
transformation among members of society to avoid threat
of social instability caused by abandonment of moral and
social codes

Max Weber
(1864 – 1920)
 A German Social scientist and political economist and one
of the founders of modern sociology.
 Claimed that the bureaucratization of the political and
economic spheres of society is the most significant
development in the modernization of Western Civilization.
 Focused on nationalism as a vital force shaping all Western
Institutions that includes economics, politics, religion, family
and stratification system.

George Herbert Mead

(1863 – 1931)
An American philosopher and social psychologist who
emphasized the appearance of the self and mind in the
social order.
 Ernest Watson Burgess
(1886 – 1966)
 An American sociologist known for his research concerning
family as a social unit.
 He postulated that the quality of adjustment depended on
the gradual conjoining of attitudes and social
characteristics of the husband and wife.

Talcott Parsons
(1902 – 1979)
 An American sociologist who deemed that society tends
towards a self-regulating, self-maintaining entity with
certain basic needs, preserving the social order, delivering
of goods and services, and caring for children.
 Members of society cooperate to fulfill society’s needs
because they share common goals and values.

Vilfredo Pareto
(1848 – 1923)
 An Italian sociologist and economist who is known for his
theory on mass and elite interaction.
 His concept of society as a social system had a strong
impact on the development of the sociology and theories
of social action in US after WWII.

Claude Henri De Saint – Simon

(1760 – 1825)
 FRENCH SOCIAL THEORIST
 One of the founders of Christian socialism who contended
that industrialization – through modern science and
technology – would improve society by eliminating war and
poverty and by maintaining social justice.
Thomas Hobbes
(1588 – 1679)
 insinuated that all human actions are caused by an
English philosopher and political theorist who
contended that people, by nature, are fearful and
predatory.
 Further material phenomena, with people motivated
by pleasure and aversion.

John Locke
(1632 – 1704)

An English Philosopher who upheld that conjugal

society is made by a voluntary agreement between
man and woman.

Giambattista Vico
(1668 – 1744)
 An Italian philosopher of history.
 Three ages of history:
 Age of the Gods or Religion – family and other basic
institutions emerged
 Age of Heroes – dominant class of nobles
 Age of Men – people rebel and win equally but in the
process the society disintegrate
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
(1770 – 1831)
 A German idealist philosopher.
 He speculated that individuals are complete only in the
midst of social relationship.
 Membership is the highest duty of an individual in the
society.

Karl Heinrich Marx

(1818 – 1883)
• German political philosopher, sociologist,
revolutionist and co-founder of scientific socialism.
• Argued that society splitted in to two great classes
• Bourgeoisie – rich
• Proletariat – poor
• Argued that the forthcoming victory of the poor
would put an end to class society forever.

WILLIAM EDWARD BURGHARDT DU BOIS

(1868 – 1963)
 AMERICAN HISTORIAN, SOCIOLOGIST, and Black
protest leader.
 Argued that the Blacks should be treated equally in
economy and educational opportunity.
 Every individual must be treated equally regardless of
race, color, origin, religion, political affiliation and the
like.