Final Report Transmission Line Tower

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Project work is an exercise for the students to make the student familiar to current
practice. The student gets an environment where he/she can actualize the knowledge he/she
has acquired in his/her curriculum. The exercise is an opportunity for the student to
understand the procedure involved in various aspects of solving an identified problem.
1.2 IMPORTANCE OF POWER TRANSMISSION
Electric power is today playing an increasingly important role in the life of the
community and development of various sectors of the economy. In every country,
developed and developing, the electric power consumption has continued to rise, the rate
of growth being greater in the developing countries on account of the comparatively low
base. This in turn has led to number of power stations and their capacities and consequent
increase in power transmission lines from the generating station to the load centers.
Interconnections between systems are also increasing to enhance reliability and economy.
The transmission voltage, while dependent on the quantum power transmitted, should fit
in with the long term system in system operation. Hence, the transmission line towers plays
an effective role in the development of the country.
1.3 TOWERS
A tower or mast is a tall skeleton structure, with a relatively small cross section,
which has a large ratio between height and maximum width. A tower is a freely standing
self-supporting structure fixed to the base or foundation, while a mast is a tall structure,
pinned to the base or foundation and braced with guys etc. Towers can be standalone
structures or be supported by adjacent buildings or can be feature on top of a large structure
or building.
1
1.4 PURPOSES OF TOWERS
Steel towers (short, medium and tall) are normally used for the following purposes:
 Electric power transmission

 Microwave transmission for communication
 Radio transmission (short and medium wave - wireless)
 Television transmission
 Satellite reception
 Air traffic control
 Flood light stand
 Meteorological measurements
 Derrick and crawler cranes
 Oil drilling masts
1.5 ADVANTAGES
 Towers has provides strategic use with an advantage in surveying defensive

positions and obtaining a better view of the surrounding areas, including battle
fields, prisons, military camps and defensive perimeters.
 Towers can be used to store items or liquids like a storage silo or a water tower.
 Simple towers like lighthouses, bell towers, clock towers, signal towers and
minarets were used to communicate information over greater distance.
 Towers can also be used to support bridges, and can reach heights that rival some
of the tallest building above water.
1.6 TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS
The main supporting unit of overhead transmission line is transmission tower.

Transmission towers must carry the heavy transmission conductor at a sufficient safe
height from ground. In addition to that all towers must sustain all kinds of natural
2
calamities. So transmission tower designing is an important engineering job where all three
basic engineering concepts, civil, mechanical and electrical engineering concepts are
equally applicable. The towers of power transmission lines are used to support transmission
cables transmitting voltages exceeding 132kV over longer distances.
1.7 PARTS OF TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS
Figurer 1.1 Parts of Transmission Tower
3
1.8 CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSMISSION LINE TOWER
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO
NUMBER OF ANGLE OF SPECIAL

SUPPORT FUNCTION MATERIALS
CIRCUITS DEVIATION TYPES
SINGLE SELF - TUBULAR RIVER

TYPE A SUSPENSION
CIRCUIT SUPPORTING STEEL CROSSING
STEEL & RAILWAY

DOUBLE SEMI
TYPE B TANGENT ALUMINIUM TRACTION
CIRCUIT FLEXIBLE
SECTIONS TOWER
HIGHWAY /
MULTI
GUYED TYPE C TERMINAL WOOD RAILWAY
CIRCUIT
CROSSING
TYPE D CONCRETE TRANSPOSITION
Figure 1.2 Classification of Transmission Line Tower
1.8.1 BASED ON NUMBER OF CIRCUITS

 S/C transmission lines have triangular arrangement of conductors.
 D/C transmission lines have conductors arranged on both the sides of the tower.
 M/C transmission lines have conductors arranged on both the sides of the tower
having more than double circuit towers.
1.8.2 BASED ON SUPPORT

 The self - supporting towers are rigid in both the transverse and longitudinal
directions. Semi flexible type of towers is not rigid in longitudinal direction.
 A guyed tower has a very small footprint and relies on guy wires in tension to
support the structure and any unbalanced tension load from the conductors.
4
1.8.3 BASED ON ANGLE OF DEVIATION
 “A” type of tower - Angle of deviation of 0° to 2°

 “B” type of tower - Angle of deviation of 2° to 15°
 “C” type of tower - Angle of deviation of 15° to 30°
 “D” type of tower - Angle of deviation of 30° to 60°
1.8.4 BASED ON FUNCTION
 Suspension towers or line towers are used primarily on tangents but often are
designed to withstand angles in the line up to two degrees or higher in addition to
the wind, ice and broken – conductor loads. “A” type tower comes under this
category.
 Angle towers sometimes called semi – anchor tower, are used where the line makes
a horizontal angle greater than two degrees. Towers of “B, C and D” come under
this category.
 Dead end tower uses horizontal strain insulators and where the conductors
mechanically terminate.
Figure 1.3 Suspension, Angle and Dead end Towers
5
1.8.5 BASED ON MATERIALS
 Poles made of tubular steel generally are assembled at the factory and placed on the
right-of-way afterward.
 A lattice tower is a framework construction made of steel or aluminium sections. It
is used for power lines of all voltages, and are the most common type for high-
voltage transmission lines. They are usually made of galvanized steel. Aluminium
is used for reduced weight, such as in mountainous areas where structures are placed
by helicopter.
 Wood is a material which is limited in use in high-voltage transmission. Because
of the limited height of available trees the maximum height of wooden transmission
line towers is limited to approximately 30 m. It is rarely used for lattice framework.
 Concrete structures can be used for transmission and distribution systems at a range
of 25 kV to 230–345 kV. Concrete transmission line towers, which are not
prefabricated, are also used for constructions taller than 60 meters. Such
transmission line towers look like industrial chimneys.
1.8.6 SPECIAL TYPE TOWER
 In case of major river crossing in planes, tower shall be of suspension type using
double suspension strings and the anchor towers on either side shall be dead end
type. Clearance required by the navigation authority shall be provided. For non-
navigable rivers, clearance shall be reckoned with respect to the highest flood
level.
Figure 1.4 River crossing tower
6
 Railway traction towers are used for single-phase AC railway traction lines are
similar in construction to those towers used for 110 kV three-phase lines. Steel tube
or concrete poles are also often used for these lines. However, railway traction
current systems are two-pole AC systems, so traction lines are designed for two
conductors. As a rule, the towers of railway traction lines carry two electric circuits,
so they have four conductors. These are usually arranged on one level, whereby each
circuit occupies one half of the cross arm.
 Highway and railway crossing towers are provided where the transmission lines
have to cross over either Highways or railway line. On such cases they have to be
designed to be of minimum height so that the moving vehicles should not get
obstructed by power lines.
 In electrical power transmission, a transposition tower is a transmission tower that
changes the relative physical positions of the conductors of a transmission line. A
transposition tower allows these sections to be connected together, while
maintaining adequate clearance for the conductors. This is important since it
distributes electrical impedances between phases of a circuit over time, reducing the
problem of one conductor carrying more current than others.
Figure 1.5 Railway traction tower and Transposition tower
7
1.9 LOADS ACTING ON TOWERS
The loads considered to act majorly on a transmission tower as per IS 802

(Part1/Sec1): 2015 are
 Climatic Loads – Reliability requirements
Wind load on tower, Insulator string, conductor and ground wire.
 Failure Containment Loads- Security requirements
Anti-cascading loads - Loads induced due to failure of
insulators, joints, tower foundations
Casual events such as Misdirected
aircraft, avalanches, sabotage
Torsional & Longitudinal loads - Breakage of conductors & ground
wires
 Construction and Maintenance loads
It is essential to realize that the major part of the load arises from the conductors, and
that the conductors behave like chains able to resist only tensile forces. Consequently, the
dead load from the conductors is calculated by using the so-called weight span, which may
be considerably different from the wind span used about the wind load calculation.
1.10 ADVANTAGES
 Lattice transmission line towers are used for power lines of all voltages, and are
the most common type for high-voltage transmission lines.
 Transmission line towers come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes.
 Most of the insulation is provided by air, overhead power lines are generally the
lowest-cost method of power transmission for large quantities of electric energy.
8
1.11 SCOPE OF TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS
 The main scope of the project work is to Analysis and design of transmission line
tower with X type bracing in the wind zone 4 using the STAAD Pro.
 Analyse the structure by considering the combination of load case as Dead Load+
Live Load + Wind Load.
 A solution will be compared with the analytical method and design using STAAD
Pro.
1.12 OBJECTIVE OF TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS
 To Analysis and Design the transmission line tower using STAAD Pro software
programme.
 To calculate the wind stress forces performing at the tower converting into point
loads.
 To obtain the displacements, bending moment, shear force values for analysed
tower.
 To design the tower members as angle section.
9
CHAPTER 2
STUDIES ON TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter includes the current knowledge including substantive findings, as well
as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. Various literatures
that are published related to failure analysis of transmission towers are reviewed briefly.
2.2 SUDIES ON ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS
Umesh Salunkhe, Yuwaraj Marotrao Ghugal, (2013), presented on “Analysis

and design of three legged 400kV double circuit steel transmission line tower”. Their
present work describes the analysis and design of three legged self-supporting transmission
line tower models with an angle and tube sections with deviation angle 2 degree. The wind
forces were taken as per IS 802: 1995, and maximum sag and tension of conductor and
ground wire as per IS 5613(Part3/Sec1): 1989. The study shows that tube sections are
efficient and have better force-weight ratio including 20.6% saving in weight of steel with
tube against steel with angles in three legged transmission line tower.
Srikanth, L., Neelima Satyam, D., (2014) presented “Dynamic analysis of

transmission line towers”. They performed dynamic analysis for 2 towers spaced 800m and
35m height each. The ground motion of 2001 Bhuj earthquake (India) was taken into
consideration. They referred IS 875: 1987(Wind load), IS 802: 1995(Structural steel), IS
1893: 2002 (Earthquake). The analysis has been performed using numerical time stepping
finite difference method in MATLAB program. The tower is analysed by response
spectrum analysis. They finalized that failure of leg members makes the structure more
susceptible to damage.
GopiSudamPunse, (2014), presented “Analysis and design of transmission tower”.
He made an attempt to make the transmission line more cost effective keeping in view
10
providing optimum electric supply for required area by considering unique transmission
line structure. Analysis and design has been carried out in STADD PRO v8i. He concluded
that the tower with angle section and X bracing has greater reduction in weight after
optimization and also tube section is not economic to use in this type of transmission tower.
Narrow based lattice transmission line tower structure plays a vital role in its performance
especially while considering eccentric loading conditions for high altitude as compared to
other normal tower.
Sonowal, D.B., Bharali, J.D., Agarwalla, M.K., Sarma, N., Hazarika, P., (2015),
discussed on “Analysis and Design of 220 kV Transmission Line Tower (A conventional
method of analysis and Indian Code based Design)”. In this study an attempt is made to
model, analyse and design a 220KV transmission line tower using manual calculations.
The tower is designed in wind zone – V with base width 1/5thof total height of the tower.
This objective is made by choosing a 220 KV single circuit transmission line carried by
square base self-supporting tower with a view to optimize the existing geometry and then
analysis of the tower has been carried out as a 2-D structure. Structure is made determinate
by excluding the horizontal members and axial forces are calculated using method of joints
and design is carried out as per IS 800:2007. This study presented here would certainly
useful for Design Engineers basically for the new learners for better understanding the
behaviours and the method of analysis and design of the transmission tower as per Indian
Standard Codes of practice in a very simple and easy manner.
Archana, R., Aswathy S Kumar, (2016), explained on “Analysis and design of

four legged transmission tower”. The main objective of this paper is to determine the most
economical section of tower and its configuration as per Indian Standard IS-800. The
present work describes the analysis and design of four legged self-supporting 220 kV
double circuit steel transmission line towers models with an angle, tubular and channel
sections. In this study dead load and wind load as per IS: 802 (1995) are taken into account
in these three models. STAAD. Pro program has been used to analysis and design the
members of 220 kV double circuit tower. A comparative study is conducted with respective
11
to axial forces, deflections, maximum sectional properties model of the tower. The study
shows that tower with angle sections are most economical and effective section compared
to other two sections.
12
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
TITLE SELECTION
COLLECTION OF LITERATURE REVIEW
SPECIFICATION OF TOWER COMPONENTS
GEOMENTRY OF THE TOWER
LOADING CALCULATION
ANALYSIS OF THE TOWER USING STAAD PRO
DESIGN OF MEMBER OF THE STRUCTURE
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF THE STRUCTURE USING STAAD PRO
DESIGN OF FOUNDATION OF THE STRUCTURE
CONCLUSION
13
CHAPTER 4
TRANSMISSION LINE COMPONENTS
4.1 GENERAL SPECIFICATION

The following parameters for transmission line and its components are assumed
from I.S. 802: Part 1: Sec: 1:1995, I.S. 5613: Part 2: Sec: 1:1989.
 Transmission Line Voltage : 220 kV (A. / C.)

 Right of Way (recommended) : 35, 000 mm
 Angle of Line Deviation : 0 to 2 degrees
 Terrain Type Considered : Plain
 Terrain Category :1
 Return Period : 50 years
 Wind Zone :4
 Basic Wind Speed : 47 m/s
 Design Wind Pressure : 818 N/sq.m.
 Tower Type : Self-Supporting, Type “A”
 Tower Geometry : Square Base Tower
 No. of Circuits : Double Circuit
 Tower Configuration : Vertical conductor configuration
 Bracing Pattern : X type bracing
 Cross Arm : Pointed
 Inclination of the tower legs : 80° (with vertical)
 Shielding Angle : 30°
 Realiability level :1
14
4.2 CONDUCTOR
A substance or a material which allows the electric current to pass through its
body when it is subjected to a difference of electric potential is known as Conductor.
 Conductor material : ACSR

 Code name : Panther
 Conductor size : 30/7/3.00 mm
 Area of the conductor (for all strands), A : 2.6155 cm2
 Overall diameter of the conductor (d) : 21mm
 Weight of the conductor (w) : 0.973 kg/m
 Bearing strength of the conductor (UTS) : 9130 kg
 Coefficient of linear expansion (α) : 17.73 × 10-6/˚C
 Modulus of elasticity Final (E1) : 0.787 × 106kgf/cm2
 Modulus of elasticity Initial (E2) : 0.626 × 106kgf/cm2
4.3 INSULATOR STRINGS
Insulators are devices used in the electrical system to support the conductors or
to support the conductors carrying at given voltages. The insulators separate the current
carrying conductors of a transmission line from their support structures to prevent the
flow of current through the structure to ground and to provide necessary mechanical
support to the conductors at a safer height above the ground level.
 Insulator Type : I String

 Number of Insulator Discs : 15
 Size of Insulator Disc : 255 × 145 mm (Skirt Diameter)
 Length of Insulator String : 2,500 mm
15
4.4 EARTHWIRE
The earthwire is used for protection against direct lightning strokes and the high voltage
surges resulting there from. There will be one or two earthwire depending upon the shielding
angle or protection angle.
 Material of earthwire : Galvanized steel

 No of earthwire : one
 Stranding/wire diameter : 7/3.15mm
 Total sectional area : 54.55mm2
 Overall diameter : 9.45 mm
 Approximate weight : 428kg/km
 Calculated D.C. resistance at 20˚C : 3.375ohm/km
 Mini UTS : 5710 kg
 Modulus of elasticity : 19361 kg/mm2
 Coefficient of linear expansion : 11.50 × 10-6/˚C
 Maximum allowable temperature : 53˚C
4.5 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
 Material : Mild Steel

 Density : 76.81 kN/m3
 Youngs Modulus : 2.05x108
 Poisson ratio : 0.3
 Coefficient of linear expansion : 1.2x10-5
 Yield strength of steel : 253200
 Ultimate strength of steel : 407800
16
4.6 MEMBER SPECIFICATION
Single Angle section Breadth Depth Thickness

(mm) (mm) (mm)
Leg away from cross arm 200 200 25
Leg near from cross arm 200 200 16
Horizontal bracing 130 130 8
Diagonal bracing 100 100 6
Cross arm bracing 80 80 6
Peak 45 45 5
17
CHAPTER 5
GEOMENTRY OF THE TOWER
5.1 HEIGHT OF THE TOWER
Total height of the tower = h1 + h2 + h3 + h4
h1 = Minimum permissible ground clearance
= Minimum clearance + Maximum sag + Height of insulator
= 7 + 5.7 + 2.5
= 14.8 ≈ 15m
(cl =13.1, IS: 5613.2.1)
h2 = maximum sag
=5.04 × 1.04 (increase by 4%)
=5.7m
h3 = minimum clearance between two conductor
= 4.9× 2
= 9.8m ≈ 10m
(cl =7.3.1.1, IS: 5613.2.1)
h4 = vertical distance between earth and top conductor
= 4.2m ≈ 5m
(cl =13.2, IS: 5613.2.1)
Total height of the tower = (h1 + h3 + h4)
= 15 + 10 + 5
= 30m
18
5.2 PLAN OF THE TOWER
8.4000
4.2000
6.0000
Figure 5.1 Dimesions of the tower
All Dimensions are in m
19
5.3 3D VIEW OF THE TOWER
Figure 5.2 Three dimensional view of Transmission tower
20
CHAPTER 6
LOAD CALCULATION
6.1 DEAD LOAD:
Self weight of the structure is the dead load of the tower.
Dead load of the tower = 108.043 kN
6.2 LIVE LOAD:
Load of 3500 N considered acting at the tip of cross arms up to 220KV.

As per cl: 12.2.3 IS 802(Part l/Sec-1).
The live load = 3500 kN.
6.3 WIND LOAD:
6.3.1 WIND LOAD ON TOWER:
PANEL 1
Basic wind speed Vb = 47.000 m/s
Factor K0 = 1.375
Risk coefficient K1 = 1.000
Terrain roughness coefficient K2 = 1.080
Meteorological reference wind speed VR = 34.182 m/s
Design wind speed Vd = 36.916 m/s
Design wind pressure Pd = 817.691 m/s2
21
Exposed Area
Member Nos B L Area

Vertical member 2.000 0.200 5.089 2.036 m2
Horizontal member 1.000 0.130 4.660 0.693 m
Diagonal member 2.000 0.080 7.339 1.174 m2
Total exposed area Ae 3.903 m2
Area enclosed by boundary of the frame
Top width = 4.660 m
Bottom width = 6.000 m
Height = 5.000 m
Overall area A = 26.650 m
Solidity Ratio (ϕ) = 0.146
Drag Coefficient (Cdt) = 3.168
Height above ground level = 5.000 m
Gust Response Factor (GT) = 1.700
Wind load on tower Fwt = 17.186 kN
PANEL 2
Wind Pressure
Factor K0 = 1.375
22
Member No s B L Area
Diagonal member 2.000 0.080 6.431 1.029 m2
Top width = 3.330 m
Height = 5.000 m
23
PANEL 3
Factor K0 = 1.375
Diagonal member 2.000 0.080 5.708 0.913m2
Total exposed area Ae 2.949m2
Top width = 2.000 m
Height = 5.000 m
24
PANEL 4
Wind Pressure
Factor K0 = 1.375
Top width = 2.000 m
25
Height = 2.500 m
PANEL 5
Wind Pressure
Factor K0 = 1.375
26
Top width = 2.000 m
Height = 2.500 m
PANEL 6
Wind Pressure
Factor K0 = 1.375
27
Design wind pressure Pd = 817.691m/s2
Top width = 2.000 m
Height = 2.500 m
PANEL 7
Wind Pressure
28
Factor K0 = 1.375
Top width = 2.000 m
Height = 2.500 m
29
PANEL 8
Wind Pressure
Factor K0 = 1.375
Top width = 2.000 m
30
Height = 2.500 m
BOTTOM CROSS ARM

Wind Pressure
Factor K0 = 1.375
Member Nos B L Area

C.A member top 2.000 0.100 4.182 0.836 m2
C.A member bottom 2.000 0.100 3.353 0.671 m2
Vertical members 2.000 0.100 3.750 0.750 m2
31
Inclined members 2.000 0.100 2.091 0.418 m2
Hypotenous length = 4.608 m
Height = 2.500 m
Wind load on tower Fwt = 8.959 Kn
MIDDLE CROSS ARM

Wind Pressure
Factor K0 = 1.375
32
Member Nos B L Area

C.A member top 2.000 0.100 4.182 0.836 m2
Height = 2.500 m
Gust Response Factor (GT) = 1.864 m
UPPER CROSS ARM

Wind Pressure
33
Factor K0 = 1.375
Member Nos B L Area

C.A member top 2.000 0.100 4.182 0.836 m2
Height = 2.500 m
34
PANEL PEAK
Wind Pressure
Factor K0 = 1.375
Member Nos B L Area

Top member 2.000 0.045 2.872 0.258 m2
Bottom member 1.000 0.045 2.000 0.090 m2
Top width = 0.000 m
Height = 2.500 m
35
6.3.2 WIND LOAD ON CONDUCTOR:
The wind load on conductor calculated based on IS802 ( Part l /Sec 1 ) :1995 .
Bottom Conductor
Fwc = Pd x Cdc x L x d x Gc
= 817.691 x 1 x 320 x 0.021 x 1.788
= 9.824 kN
Middle Conductor
= 817.691 x 1 x 320 x 0.021 x 1.881
= 10.335 kN
Top Conductor
36
= 817.691 x 1 x 320 x 0.021 x 1.923
= 10.566 kN
6.3.3 WIND LOAD ON GROUNDWIRE:
Height above ground level = 30 m
FWC = Pd x Cdc x L x d x Gc
= 817.691 x 1.2 x 320 x 0.00945 x 1.955
= 5.8 kN.
6.3.4 WIND LOAD ON INSULATOR:

Bottom Insulator
FW1 = Cdf x Pd x A1 x G1
= 1.2 x 817.691 x (0.255 x 2.5) x 1.794
= 1.122 kN
Middle Insulator
= 1.2 x 817.691 x (0.255 x 2.5) x 1.864
= 1.165 kN.
Top Insulator
37
= 1.2 x 817.691 x (0.255 x 2.5) x 1.919
= 1.2 kN.
Total wind load on bottom cross arm = wind load on tower + wind load on conductor +
wind load on insulator
= 8.959 + 9.824 + 1.122
= 19.905 kN
Total wind load on middle cross arm = wind load on tower + wind load on conductor +
= 9.309 + 10.335 + 1.165
= 20.809 kN
Total wind load on top cross arm = wind load on tower + wind load on conductor +
= 9.583 + 10.566 + 1.2
= 21.349 kN
Total wind load on peak = wind load on tower + wind load on ground wire
= 1.789 + 5.8
= 7589 kN
38
39
40
41

Final Report Transmission Line Tower

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Final Report Transmission Line Tower

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CHAPTER 1

1.2 IMPORTANCE OF POWER TRANSMISSION

 Electric power transmission

 Towers has provides strategic use with an advantage in surveying defensive

1.6 TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS

The main supporting unit of overhead transmission line is transmission tower.

1.7 PARTS OF TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS

Figurer 1.1 Parts of Transmission Tower

NUMBER OF ANGLE OF SPECIAL

SINGLE SELF - TUBULAR RIVER

STEEL & RAILWAY

TYPE D CONCRETE TRANSPOSITION

Figure 1.2 Classification of Transmission Line Tower

1.8.1 BASED ON NUMBER OF CIRCUITS

1.8.2 BASED ON SUPPORT

 “A” type of tower - Angle of deviation of 0° to 2°

1.8.4 BASED ON FUNCTION

Figure 1.3 Suspension, Angle and Dead end Towers

1.8.6 SPECIAL TYPE TOWER

Figure 1.4 River crossing tower

Figure 1.5 Railway traction tower and Transposition tower

The loads considered to act majorly on a transmission tower as per IS 802

 Climatic Loads – Reliability requirements

Wind load on tower, Insulator string, conductor and ground wire.

 Failure Containment Loads- Security requirements

Anti-cascading loads - Loads induced due to failure of

insulators, joints, tower foundations

Casual events such as Misdirected

aircraft, avalanches, sabotage

Torsional & Longitudinal loads - Breakage of conductors & ground

 Construction and Maintenance loads

1.12 OBJECTIVE OF TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS

STUDIES ON TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS

2.2 SUDIES ON ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS

Umesh Salunkhe, Yuwaraj Marotrao Ghugal, (2013), presented on “Analysis

Srikanth, L., Neelima Satyam, D., (2014) presented “Dynamic analysis of

Archana, R., Aswathy S Kumar, (2016), explained on “Analysis and design of

COLLECTION OF LITERATURE REVIEW

SPECIFICATION OF TOWER COMPONENTS

GEOMENTRY OF THE TOWER

ANALYSIS OF THE TOWER USING STAAD PRO

DESIGN OF MEMBER OF THE STRUCTURE

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF THE STRUCTURE USING STAAD PRO

DESIGN OF FOUNDATION OF THE STRUCTURE

TRANSMISSION LINE COMPONENTS

4.1 GENERAL SPECIFICATION

 Transmission Line Voltage : 220 kV (A. / C.)

 Conductor material : ACSR

4.3 INSULATOR STRINGS

 Insulator Type : I String

 Material of earthwire : Galvanized steel

4.5 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

 Material : Mild Steel

Single Angle section Breadth Depth Thickness

GEOMENTRY OF THE TOWER

5.1 HEIGHT OF THE TOWER

Total height of the tower = h1 + h2 + h3 + h4

h1 = Minimum permissible ground clearance

= Minimum clearance + Maximum sag + Height of insulator

(cl =13.1, IS: 5613.2.1)

=5.04 × 1.04 (increase by 4%)

h3 = minimum clearance between two conductor

(cl =7.3.1.1, IS: 5613.2.1)

h4 = vertical distance between earth and top conductor