MODULE 2 - WORK AND ENERGY

WORK

MEASURE OF ENERGY TRANSFER THAT OCCURS WHEN AN OBJECT IS

MOVED OVER A DISTANCE BY AN EXTERNAL FORCE AT LEAST PART
OF WHICH IS APPLIED IN THE DIRECTION OF THE DISPLACEMENT.

CA
LC
THERE IS WORK UL
ATI
NG
WHEN THE OBJECT YOU PUSH MO WO
V E S A D I S T A N C E I N T H E RK
DIRECTION TOWARDS WHICH YOU
ARE PUSHING IT.

THERE IS NO WORK

WHEN THE FORCE YOU EXERTED

DOES NOT MAKE THE OBJECT

MOVE.

THERE IS NO WORK

WHEN THE FORCE YOU EXERTED

DOES NOT MAKE THE OBJECT

M O VE IN T HE S AM E DIR ECT IO N
AS THE FORCE YOU EXCERTED
W = Fd cos (θ) U = UNIT OF WORK
U = U of F x U of D

COSINE OF TETHA U of F = N

U of D = m

U = Nm or Joules, J

WORK FORCE DISPLACEMENT

THE UNIT, JOULE(J) IS NAMED AFTER THE ENGLISH PHYSICIST JAMES

P R E S C O T T J O U L E . T H I S I S A L S O A U N I T O F E N E R G Y. O N E ( 1 ) J O U L E IS
EQUAL TO THE WORK DONE OR ENERGY EXPENDED IN APPLYING A
F O R C E O F O N E N E W T O N T H R O U G H A D I ST A N C E O F O N E M E T E R .

ENERGY

IN PHYSICS, ENERGY IS THE QUANTITATIVE PROPERTY THAT MUST BE

TRANSFERRED TO AN OBJECT IN ORDER TO PERFORM WORK ON, OR TO
HEAT, THE OBJECT. ENERGY IS A CONSERVED QUANTITY; THE LAW OF
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY STATES THAT ENERGY CAN BE CONVERTED
IN FORM, BUT NOT CREATED OR DESTROYED.

WORK IS A TRANSFERRING OF ENERGY

IN PHYSICS WE SAY THAT WORK IS DONE ON
AN OBJECT WHEN YOU TRANSFER ENERGY TO
THAT OBJECT. IF YOU PUT ENERGY INTO AN
OBJECT, THEN YOU DO WORK ON THAT
OBJECT (MASS). IF A FIRST OBJECT IS THE
AGENT THAT GIVES ENERGY TO A SECOND
OBJECT, THEN THE FIRST OBJECT
DOES WORK ON THE SECOND OBJECT.

HEAT

HEAT TRANSFER IS THE PROCESS OF TRANSFER OF HEAT FROM HIGH

TEMPERATURE RESERVOIR TO LOW TEMPERATURE RESERVOIR. IN
TERMS OF THE THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM, HEAT TRANSFER IS THE
MOVEMENT OF HEAT ACROSS THE BOUNDARY OF THE SYSTEM DUE TO
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SYSTEM AND THE
SURROUNDINGS.

MECHANICAL ENERGY

MECHANICAL ENERGY IS THE SUM OF KINETIC AND POTENTIAL

ENERGY IN AN OBJECT THAT IS USED TO DO WORK. IN OTHER WORDS,
IT IS ENERGY IN AN OBJECT DUE TO ITS MOTION OR POSITION, OR
BOTH.

POTENTIAL ENERGY

IS THE ENERGY STORED WITHIN AN OBJECT, DUE TO THE OBJECT'S

POSITION, ARRANGEMENT OR STATE.

POTENTIAL ENERGY COMES IN THREE FORMS – GRAVITATIONAL

POTENTIAL ENERGY,ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERGY, AND ELASTIC
POTENTIAL ENERGY.

1
PEgrav= 2
mgh m=mass,g=Fgrav,h=height relative to ground

1 2
PEelas = 2
kx k=spring constant (n/m),x=string stretch(m)
KINETIC ENERGY

IN PHYSICS, THE KINETIC ENERGY OF AN OBJECT IS THEENERGY THAT

IT POSSESSES DUE TO ITS MOTION. IT IS DEFINED AS THE WORK
NEEDED TO ACCELERATE A BODY OF A GIVEN MASS FROM REST TO ITS
STATED VELOCITY. HAVING GAINED THIS ENERGY DURING ITS
ACCELERATION, THE BODY M AINTAINS THIS KINETIC ENERGY UNLESS
ITS SPEED CHANGES.

1 2
KE= 2
mv

POWER

POWER IS THE RATE OF DOING WORK OR THE RATE OF USING ENERGY.

IN EQUATION:

w e

P= t t ;w=work,t=time,e=energy

UNIT OF POWER: WATT(1J/SEC)

THESE ARE THE CONCEPTS YOU NEED TO REMEMBER

 WORK IS DONE ON AN OBJECT WHEN THE FORCE APPLIED TO IT
COVERS A DISTANCE IN THE DIRECTION OF THE APPLIED FORCE.

 WORK IS A WAY OF TRANSFERRING ENERGY

 WHEN WORK IS DONE BY AN OBJECT IT LOSES ENERGY AND WHEN

WORK IS DONE ON AN OBJECT IT GAINS ENERGY.

 THE ENERGY OF AN OBJECT ENEBLES IT TO DO WORK

 A MOVING OBJECT HAS ENERGY CALLED ENERGY OF MOTION OR

KINETIC ENERGY

 AN OBJECT ABOVE A SPECIFIED LEVEL HAS ENERGY DUE TO ITS

CALLED POTENTIAL ENERGY

 POWER IS THE RATE OF DOING WORK OR THE RATE OF USING

ENERGY

MADE BY:PAULINO S. GALIAS